Antenna with switchable beam pattern

Abstract

A waveguide antenna (200) is disclosed, comprising: a first plurality (220) of slots (222,224), for producing a beam having a first radiation pattern (301) at a first resonant frequency (f1); and a second plurality (230) of slots (232, 234), for producing a beam having a second radiation pattern (302) at a second resonant frequency (f2). A method of operation of the waveguide antenna (200) is also disclosed, comprising: operating the transceiver at a first frequency (f1) to detect objects in a first field of view; and operating the transceiver at a second frequency (fa) to detect objects in a second field of view

Claims

1. A method of operating a transceiver comprising a waveguide antenna having a first plurality of slots for producing a beam having a first radiation pattern at a first resonant frequency and a second plurality of slots for producing a beam having a second radiation pattern at a second resonant frequency, the method comprising: generating the first radiation pattern to have peaks at zero azimuth based on a 360 phase difference between adjacent slots of the first plurality of slots, and generating the second radiation pattern to have twin peaks on both sides of azimuth based on a 180 phase difference between adjacent slots of the second plurality of slots and an anti-phase radiation of the adjacent slots of the second plurality of slots.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said first and second resonant frequencies are in a radar frequency range.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said first plurality of slots are spaced apart according to a first pitch and said second plurality of slots are spaced apart according to a second pitch, and wherein a ratio of said first pitch to said first resonant frequency is different from a ratio of said second pitch to said second resonant frequency.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of said first resonant frequency and said second resonant frequency is in a frequency range of 76 to 81 GHz.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said first resonant frequency and/or said second resonant frequency has a bandwidth of less than 2 GHz.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein a length of each slot of said first plurality of slots is in a range from 1 mm to 1.4 mm.

7. A method of operating a transceiver comprising a waveguide antenna having a first plurality of slots for producing a beam having a first radiation pattern at a first resonant frequency and a second plurality of slots for producing a beam having a second radiation pattern at a second resonant frequency, the method comprising: generating the first radiation pattern to have peaks at zero azimuth based on a 360 phase difference between adjacent slots of the first plurality of slots; generating the second radiation pattern to have twin peaks on both sides of azimuth based on a 180 phase difference between adjacent slots of the second plurality of slots and an anti-phase radiation of the adjacent slots of the second plurality of slots, operating the transceiver at a first frequency to detect objects in a first field of view; and operating the transceiver at a second frequency to detect objects in a second field of view.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first plurality of slots are spaced apart according to a first pitch, and the second plurality of slots are spaced apart according to a second pitch, wherein a ratio of the first pitch to the first resonant frequency is different from a ratio of the second pitch to the second resonant frequency.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the first plurality of slots have a spacing of g1, where g1 is the wavelength of radiation at the first resonant frequency in the waveguide.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein the second plurality of slots have a spacing of g2/2, where g2 is the wavelength of radiation at the second resonant frequency in the waveguide.

11. The method of claim 7, further comprising providing the first and second pluralities of slots on a broad side of a rectangular waveguide antenna.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising providing the first and second pluralities of slots on opposite sides of a longitudinal centerline of the broad side.

13. The method of claim 7, wherein the antenna comprises a substrate integrated waveguide.

14. The method of claim 7, wherein the first and second resonant frequencies are in a frequency range characterized as the radar frequency range.

15. The method of claim 7, wherein a length of each slot of the first plurality of slots is in the range from 1 mm to 1.4 mm.

16. The method of claim 7, wherein the waveguide antenna is a rectangular waveguide antenna having a broadside of width in the range 1.4 mm to 1.6 mm.

17. A method of operating a transceiver comprising a waveguide antenna having a first plurality of slots for producing a beam having a first radiation pattern at a first resonant frequency and a second plurality of slots for producing a beam having a second radiation pattern at a second resonant frequency, the method comprising: generating the first radiation pattern to have peaks at zero azimuth based on a 360 phase difference between adjacent slots of the first plurality of slots; generating the second radiation pattern to have twin peaks on both sides of azimuth such that the second radiation pattern is significantly broader than the first radiation pattern; operating the transceiver at a first frequency to detect objects in a first field of view; and operating the transceiver at a second frequency to detect objects in a second field of view.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first plurality of slots are spaced apart according to a first pitch, and the second plurality of slots are spaced apart according to a second pitch, wherein a ratio of the first pitch to the first resonant frequency is different from a ratio of the second pitch to the second resonant frequency.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein the first plurality of slots have a spacing of g1, where g1 is the wavelength of radiation at the first resonant frequency in the waveguide.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein the second plurality of slots have a spacing of g2/2, where g2 is the wavelength of radiation at the second resonant frequency in the waveguide.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Embodiments of the present invention will be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like reference signs relate to like elements and in which:

(2) FIGS. 1A and 1B respectively show a perspective view and plan view of a schematic representation of an example waveguide antenna useful for understanding the present invention;

(3) FIGS. 2A and 2B respectively show a perspective view and plan view of a schematic representation of a waveguide antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

(4) FIG. 3 illustrates radiation patterns obtained using the waveguide antenna illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B, for two different input frequencies.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(5) With reference to FIGS. 2A, 2B and 3, a waveguide antenna 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a first plurality of slots 220, for producing a beam having a first radiation pattern 301 at a first resonant frequency f1. and a second plurality of slots 230, for producing a beam having a second radiation pattern 302 at a second resonant frequency fa.

(6) The waveguide antenna 200 comprises a tube 202 having a substantially rectangular cross-section orthogonal to the axial direction z of the tube 202. The antenna 200 has an upper broad side 204, a lower broad side 206, a left narrow side 208 and a right narrow side 210.

(7) The waveguide antenna 200 may be implemented as a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). For example, the waveguide antenna 200 may be implemented in a dielectric substrate, the upper and lower broadsides 204, 206 of the antenna 200 being provided by respective metal coatings on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate, and the sidewalls 208,210 being implemented within the substrate using arrays of metal posts, closely packed vias, or by metallized grooves, using techniques known in the art.

(8) The first plurality of slots 220 and the second plurality of slots 230 are provided on the upper broad side 204. The first plurality 220 of slots 222, 224 is formed to the left of a longitudinally-extending centre line 212 of the upper broad side 204. The second plurality 230 of slots 232, 234 is formed to the right of the centre line 212 of the upper broad side 204.

(9) In this embodiment, the first plurality 220 of slots are spaced apart according to a first slot pitch 228 of 1.91, where 1.91 is the wavelength in the guide of radiation at frequency f1, whereas the second plurality 230 of slots are spaced apart according to a second slot pitch 238 of A.92/2, where A.92 is the wavelength in the guide of radiation at frequency fa.

(10) Thus, when radiation having a frequency f1 is input to the waveguide 200, the phase difference between adjacent slots of the first plurality of slots 220 is 360 and the first plurality 220 of slots therefore radiate in phase to produce a beam having the first radiation pattern, illustrated by the gain curve 301 shown in FIG. 3. In contrast, when radiation having a frequency fa is input to the waveguide 200, the phase difference between adjacent slots of the second plurality of slots 230 is 180 and the second plurality of slots radiate in anti-phase to produce a beam having the second radiation pattern, illustrated by the gain curve 302 shown in FIG. 3. In both cases, the beam radiated from the waveguide antenna 200 is polarised in the x direction. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the radiation pattern 301 peaks at zero azimuth angle, whereas the radiation pattern 302 has twin peaks on both sides of the azimuth. The second radiation pattern 302 is therefore significantly broader than the first radiation pattern 301, thereby providing a broader field of view. This is useful in automotive radar applications, as a narrow field of view is needed for sensing objects immediately in front of the vehicle, such as a vehicle in front, and a wider field of view is needed for sensing objects in the surroundings, such as other vehicles and pedestrians on either side of the vehicle. Different radiation patterns may also be used to provide information at different elevations. Allowing for multiple fields of view to be obtained using a single antenna enables a reduction in the amount of hardware required, and allows the field of view to be switched simply by switching the operating frequency of the antenna. The skilled person will appreciate that other radiation patterns may be used depending on the applications required.

(11) The first and second resonant frequencies f1 and fa may be separated by a frequency difference substantially greater than or equal to the bandwidth of the first and second resonant frequencies. For example, each of the first and second resonant frequencies may have a bandwidth of less than 2 GHz, for example in the range 1 to 2 GHz. The first and second resonant frequencies f1 and fa may therefore coexist within the 76 to 81 GHz range, that is, within the automotive radar range, while being substantially non-overlapping. It is therefore possible to switch between the first and second radiation patterns by switching the input frequency to the waveguide antenna 200 between frequencies at or near the first and second resonant frequencies f1, fa.

(12) As a first example, a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna based on a dielectric substrate having a relative permittivity of 3.1 may have a length and width of 8.625 mm and 1.5 mm respectively. The first plurality of slots 220 may be configured for a first resonant frequency f1 of about 83 GHz, and the second plurality of slots 230 may be configured for a second resonant frequency fa of about 75 GHz. For example, the slots 222, 224 of the first plurality of slots 220 may have a length of 1.2 mm, and the slots 232, 234 of the second plurality of slots 230 may have a length of 1.3 mm. The slot separation or pitch 228 between the slots 222, 224 of the first plurality 220 may be about 2.8 mm. The slot separation or pitch 238 between the slots 232, 234 of the second plurality 230 may be about 1.7 mm. The widths of all the slots 222, 224, 232, 234 may be around 0.07 mm, and the distance of the slots from the centreline 212 may be around 50 mm on each side.

(13) As a second example, the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna of the first example above may be modified for use with a first resonant frequency f1 of about 81 GHz, and a second resonant frequency f2 of about 77 GHz, both frequencies being within the automotive radar band. In this second example, the slots 222, 224 of the first plurality of slots 220 may have a length of 1.22 mm, and the slots 232, 234 of the second plurality of slots 230 may have a length of 1.28 mm. The slot separation or pitch 228 between the slots 222, 224 of the first plurality 220 may be about 3 mm. The slot separation or pitch 238 between the slots 232,234 of the second plurality 230 may be about 1.6 mm. The widths of all the slots 222, 224, 232, 234 may be around 0.07 mm, and the distance of the slots from the centreline 212 may be around 50 mm on each side.

(14) Although particular embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated than many modifications, including additions and/or substitutions, may be made within the scope of the appended claims.

(15) For example, the slots may be modified for producing beams at different resonant frequencies and/or to change the bandwidth of the resonances. The first and/or second plurality of slots may also be modified, for example by changing the angle of the slots with respect to the centreline 212. In some embodiments, each plurality of slots 220, 230 may comprise more than two slots. In some embodiments, more than two pluralities of slots 220, 230 may be provided, each configured for producing a beam of radiation at a different respective resonant frequency. The waveguide antenna may be implemented in PCB (printed circuit board), as an on-chip antenna, or as an antenna in package (AiP). The invention may also be applied to other types of waveguide antenna, such as an air-filled waveguide.