Method for inductive energy transmission and device for operating an inductive energy transmission device

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for inductive energy transmission from a transmitting coil to a receiving coil spaced apart from the transmitting coil. The receiving coil is arranged in a vehicle which is arranged stationary or is travelling on a supporting surface, wherein the vehicle has at least one sensor. In a first method step (A) a distance between the transmitting coil and/or the supporting surface and the receiving coil is determined, in a second method step (B) a minimum possible air gap between the transmitting coil and/or the supporting surface and the receiving coil is calculated from the distance, and in a third method step (C) the receiving coil is positioned such that the distance corresponds to the minimum possible air gap.

Claims

1. A method for inductive energy transmission from a transmitting coil (10) to a receiving coil (11) which is at a distance from the transmitting coil (10), wherein the receiving coil (11) is arranged in a vehicle (12) which is driving and moving along an underlying surface (14), wherein the receiving coil (11) is fixed to the vehicle, and wherein the transmitting coil (10) is located on or within the underlying surface (14), that the method comprising: ascertaining a measured distance (15) between the transmitting coil (10) and/or the underlying surface (14) and the receiving coil (11) in a first method step (A), calculating, from the measured distance (15), a minimum air gap (16) between the transmitting coil (10) and/or the underlying surface (14) and the receiving coil (11) in a second method step (B), and moving the receiving coil (11) vertically to change a vertical position of the receiving coil (11) while the vehicle is driving and moving along the underlying surface (14), wherein the moving of the receiving coil (11) occurs via an actively controlled damping system (18) in the vehicle (12), wherein the moving of the receiving coil (11) occurs such that a resultant distance between the transmitting coil (10) and/or the underlying surface (14) and the receiving coil (11) corresponds to the minimum air gap (16) in a third method step (C); and charging the vehicle (12) via an inductive energy transmission from the transmitting coil (10) to the receiving coil (11) while the vehicle is driving and moving along the underlying surface (14), wherein that the moving of the receiving coil (11) is dependent on a driving speed of the vehicle (12) and wherein that the moving of the receiving coil (11) is dependent on a response time (t2) of the actively controlled damping system (18).

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the vehicle has at least one sensor (13), wherein the measured distance (15) is ascertained at least in part by means of the sensor (13).

3. The method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the sensor (13) is a radar sensor.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the measured distance (15) is ascertained at least in part by means of the actively controlled damping system (18) which is arranged in the vehicle (12).

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the transmitting coil (10) is arranged in or on the underlying surface (14).

6. An apparatus for inductive energy transmission as claimed in claim 1.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein moving the receiving coil includes lowering the receiving coil relative to a vehicle height.

8. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the vehicle has at least one sensor (13), wherein the method includes using the sensor (13) as the vehicle is driving to detect an unevenness or obstacle (23) on the underlying surface (14), and lifting the receiving coil (11) vertically away from the underlying surface (14) in response to detection of the unevenness or obstacle (23).

9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method includes lowering the receiving coil (11) after passing the unevenness or obstacle (23), wherein lifting the receiving coil (11) includes increasing the distance between the transmitting coil (10) and/or the underlying surface (14) and the receiving coil (11), and wherein lowering the receiving coil (11) includes decreasing the distance between the transmitting coil (10) and/or the underlying surface (14) and the receiving coil (11), and wherein lowering the receiving coil (11) includes lowering the receiving coil (11) until the resultant distance between the transmitting coil (10) and/or the underlying surface (14) and the receiving coil (11) corresponds to the minimum air gap (16).

10. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the at least one sensor (13) includes a sensor located along a front of the vehicle (12) and in front of a front tire of the vehicle (12).

11. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of moving includes moving the receiving coil (11) linearly.

12. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the moving occurs such that the resultant distance between the transmitting coil (10) and the receiving coil (11) corresponds to the minimum air gap (16) in the third method step (C).

13. The method as claimed in claim 8, further comprising determining a state of the roadway via damping movements.

14. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising lowering the receiving coil (11) based on a driving speed of the vehicle and a response time (t2) of the actively controlled damping system.

15. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the moving of the receiving coil (11) also occurs via a control actuator system (17) in the vehicle (12).

16. A method for inductive energy transmission from a transmitting coil (10) to a receiving coil (11) which is at a distance from the transmitting coil (10), wherein the receiving coil (11) is arranged in a vehicle (12) which is driving on an underlying surface (14), the method comprising: ascertaining a measured distance (15) between the transmitting coil (10) and/or the underlying surface (14) and the receiving coil (11) in a first method step (A), calculating, from the measured distance (15), a minimum air gap (16) between the transmitting coil (10) and/or the underlying surface (14) and the receiving coil (11) in a second method step (B), and moving the receiving coil (11) vertically to change a vertical position of the receiving coil (11) while the vehicle is driving and moving along the underlying surface (14), wherein the moving of the receiving coil (11) occurs such that a resultant distance between the transmitting coil (10) and/or the underlying surface (14) and the receiving coil (11) corresponds to the minimum air gap (16) in a third method step (C), where the moving of the receiving coil (11) is dependent on both a driving speed of the vehicle (12) and a response time (t1) of a control actuator system (17) in the vehicle (12); and wherein the method further includes charging the vehicle (12) via an inductive energy transmission from the transmitting coil (10) to the receiving coil (11) while the vehicle (12) is driving and moving along the underlying surface (14).

17. A method for inductive energy transmission from a transmitting coil (10) to a receiving coil (11) which is at a distance from the transmitting coil (10), wherein the receiving coil (11) is arranged in a vehicle (12) which is driving on an underlying surface (14), the method comprising: ascertaining a measured distance (15) between the transmitting coil (10) and/or the underlying surface (14) and the receiving coil (11) in a first method step (A), calculating, from the measured distance (15), a minimum air gap (16) between the transmitting coil (10) and/or the underlying surface (14) and the receiving coil (11) in a second method step (B), and moving the receiving coil (11) vertically to change a vertical position of the receiving coil (11) while the vehicle is driving and moving along the underlying surface (14), wherein the moving of the receiving coil (11) occurs such that a resultant distance between the transmitting coil (10) and/or the underlying surface (14) and the receiving coil (11) corresponds to the minimum air gap (16) in a third method step (C), where the moving of the receiving coil (11) is dependent on a response time (t2) of an actively controlled damping system (18) in the vehicle (12); and wherein the method further includes charging the vehicle (12) via an inductive energy transmission from the transmitting coil (10) to the receiving coil (11) while the vehicle (12) is driving and moving along the underlying surface (14), wherein that the moving of the receiving coil (11) is dependent on a driving speed of the vehicle (12) and wherein that the moving of the receiving coil (11) is dependent on a response time (t2) of the actively controlled damping system (18).

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Further features and advantages of exemplary embodiment of the invention can be found in the following description with reference to the appended drawings.

(2) In the drawings:

(3) FIG. 1: is a schematic diagram of the different steps in respect of the method for operating an inductive energy transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;

(4) FIG. 2: is a schematic illustration of a cross section through a vehicle comprising an inductive energy transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;

(5) FIG. 3: is a further schematic illustration of a cross section through a vehicle comprising an inductive energy transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;

(6) FIG. 4: is a further schematic illustration of a cross section through a vehicle comprising an inductive energy transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;

(7) FIG. 5: is a schematic illustration of a cross section through a vehicle comprising an inductive energy transmission apparatus and a control actuator system for lifting or lowering the receiving coil.

(8) For reasons of clarity, the drawings illustrated in the figures are not necessarily depicted true to scale. Identical or identically acting components are generally denoted by the same reference symbols.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(9) FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a method for operating an inductive energy transmission apparatus 21, as can be used, for example, for charging a traction battery and a vehicle, electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle. The vehicle/electric vehicle 12 is in the stationary or driving state. A distance between the transmitting coil 10 and/or the underlying surface 14 and the receiving coil 11 is ascertained in a first method step A. A minimum possible air gap 16 between the transmitting coil 10 and/or the underlying surface 14 and the receiving coil 11 is calculated from the distance 15 in a second method step B. Furthermore, in step C, the receiving coil 11 is positioned such that the distance 15 corresponds to the minimum possible air gap 16. Owing to this method, inductive charging can also be performed during driving, as a result of which the range of an electrically operated vehicle is considerably extended. The possible minimum air gap 16 between the transmitting coil 10 and the receiving coil 11 is monitored during driving by sensors in the vehicle 12 and adapted by a control actuator system 17 as required. As a result, the air gap 16 is kept as low as possible during the charging process and the degree of efficiency is kept as high as possible or maximized. Contact by the receiving coil with the underlying surface 14 or the roadway 14 is reliably avoided in this way.

(10) FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a cross section through a vehicle 12 comprising an inductive energy transmission apparatus 21. The inductive energy transmission apparatus 21 is located in a vehicle 12 which is an electric vehicle. The vehicle 12 is stationary or driving on the underlying surface 14 which is a road or a parking space. A receiving coil 11 is arranged in the vehicle 12, said receiving coil preferably being installed in the floor of the vehicle 12. At least one transmitting coil 10 is located below the vehicle 12. Said transmitting coil is installed in the underlying surface 14 or is situated on said underlying surface. The vehicle 12 has a control actuator system 17 and/or an actively controlled damping system 18 by way of which the receiving coil 11 or the vehicle 12 can be lowered or lifted, as a result of which the distance 15 between the transmitting coil 10 and the receiving coil 11 can be adapted. Furthermore, the car 12 has a distance sensor 13. The distance 15 between the transmitting coil 10 and the receiving coil 11 can be ascertained by way of said distance sensor. The distance sensor 13 is preferably a radar sensor. If the vehicle 12 is in the driving state, the position of the receiving coil 11 above the transmitting coils 10 which are located on the underlying surface or in the underlying surface 14 changes continuously. In order to optimize the degree of efficiency during dynamic charging, the distance 15 between transmitting coil 10 and receiving coil 11 is permanently adjusted. Accordingly, during driving in the charging mode, the roadway is monitored such that the lowered transmitting coil 11 is raised in good time when unevennesses 23 or obstacles 23 are encountered, in order to avoid a possible collision between receiving coil 11 and the respective obstacles or unevennesses 23. The distance sensor 13 is used in this respect. If the vehicle 12 has an actively controlled damping system 18 and corresponding distance sensor 13, conclusions can be drawn about the state of the roadway by means of the damping movements, and the air gap 16 between the coils can be accordingly be taken into account and adapted. As a result, the receiving coil 11 is prevented from touching the underlying surface/ground 14 during driving. Here, the intervention distance 22 corresponds to the distance between the field of view of the at least one sensor 13 and the receiving coil 11. The lowered receiving coil 11 has to be lifted out of the danger zone while this distance is covered. Therefore, lowering of the receiving coil 11 is also dependent on the driving speed and the response times (t1) of the control actuator system 17 and/or a response time (t2) of the actively controlled damping system 18.

(11) The control actuator system 17 comprises actuators which lower the receiving coil/vehicle coil 11 in the direction of the roadway 14 during the charging mode. For safety reasons (such as when the actuators break down for example), the receiving coil is lifted into the inoperative position; this is performed, for example, by springs. If the vehicle 12 has an actively controlled chassis (actively controlled damping system) 18, the lowering operation can also be performed by the chassis. In this case, the vehicle coils/receiving coils 11 can also be fixedly installed in the vehicle.

(12) It goes without saying that lowering of the vehicle coil/receiving coil 11 can also be used for increasing the degree of efficiency during charging when the vehicle is stationary. As a result, it is possible to prevent living creatures or metal objects entering the air gap between the coils (transmitting coils and receiving coils) during the charging process. Therefore, identification of foreign objects would not be necessary during charging.

(13) FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the continuation of the method described in FIG. 2 for operating an inductive energy transmission apparatus 21. Identical elements in respect of FIG. 2 are provided with the same reference symbols and will not be explained in more detail. In this exemplary embodiment, the vehicle 12 is in the driving state. Here, transmitting coils 10 are arranged in the underlying surface/in the roadway 14, the vehicle 12 moving over said transmitting coils during driving. The air gap 16 between the transmitting coil 10 and the at least one receiving coil 11 is permanently monitored during driving by at least one sensor 13 measuring the distance between the transmitting coil 10/the underlying surface 14 and the receiving coil 11 and calculating the minimum possible air gap 16 from said distance. The coil 11 is lowered depending on the driving speed and the response time (t1) of the actuators.

(14) FIG. 4 is a further schematic illustration of a cross section through a vehicle comprising an inductive energy transmission apparatus as a continuation of the method described in FIGS. 2 and 3. Identical elements in respect of FIGS. 2 and 3 are provided with the same reference symbols and will not be explained in more detail. In this exemplary embodiment, transmitting coils 10 are arranged on the underlying surface or on the roadway 14.

(15) FIG. 5 shows, as a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, a cross section through the vehicle 12 comprising an inductive energy transmission apparatus 21 and a control actuator system 17 for lifting or lowering receiving coil 11. The control actuator system 17 has actuators by way of which the receiving coil 11 can be raised or lowered, as a result of which the air gap between transmitting coil 10 and receiving coil 11 is adjusted. In the event of a fault (for example when the control actuator system 17 or the actuators breaks/break down), the receiving coil 11 is lifted into the inoperative position, for example, by springs 19.