Safety device with collapsible housing and trigger activation

Abstract

Drug delivery safety devices having trigger activation systems activated by pressure against the skin of a patient and which automatically shield the needle after withdrawing the needle from the skin of the patient.

Claims

1. A drug delivery safety device comprising: a needle hub including a cannula having a distal tip; a body configured to engage the needle hub, the body comprising a rotating cam engaged in at least one slot through a sidewall of the body, the slot comprising a proximal angled lead ramp, a ledge for seating the rotating cam distal to the lead ramp, and an axial slot portion distal to the ledge; a flexible housing surrounding the needle cannula connecting the rotating cam to a lock clip at a distal end of the needle cannula such that the distal tip of the cannula is exposed distal to the lock clip; a trigger mechanism comprising a first spring connecting the rotating cam to the lock clip and a second spring extending from the rotating cam proximally toward the needle hub, wherein the second spring applies sufficient force to the rotating cam in a distal direction to seat the rotating cam on the ledge; wherein a proximally-directed force applied to the lock clip which is greater than the distal force of the second spring compresses the first spring, releases tension on the flexible housing and moves the rotating cam in a proximal direction off of the ledge and along the angled lead ramp, thereby causing rotation of the rotating cam; and wherein a subsequent decrease in the proximal force applied to the lock clip decompresses the first spring and the second spring moves the rotating cam distally in the axial slot portion such that the lock clip moves in a distal direction to cover the distal tip of the cannula.

2. The drug delivery safety device of claim 1, wherein the lock clip is housed in a cap attached to the flexible housing, the cap including an aperture to permit the cannula to pass therethrough.

3. The drug delivery safety device of claim 2, wherein the flexible housing is selected from the group consisting of a spring coil, a butterfly spring, a film tube, a filament, a zig-zag coil, telescoped sleeves and a rolled-sheet coil.

4. The drug delivery safety device of claim 2, wherein the flexible housing is slack when the drug delivery safety device is in a pre-injection configuration.

5. The drug delivery safety device of claim 1, wherein the first and second springs comprise a single spring fed through the rotating cam.

6. The drug delivery safety device of claim 1, wherein the at least one slot is two slots on opposite sides of the body.

7. The drug delivery safety device of claim 1, wherein the lock clip is a hook clip or a two-piece clip.

8. The drug delivery safety device of claim 1 which is attached to a syringe via the needle hub.

9. The drug delivery safety device of claim 1, further comprising a removable anti-triggering sleeve which fits over the body and prevents triggering of the trigger mechanism, the sleeve comprising: a hollow body having an interior surface; and a protrusion on the interior surface which engages the axial slot portion of the body, thereby preventing movement and rotation of the rotating cam.

10. The drug delivery safety device of claim 9, wherein the protrusion is a rib.

11. The drug delivery safety device of claim 9, further comprising a fill cap covering the exposed distal tip of the cannula.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of the drug safety delivery device.

(2) FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of a body and rotating cam assembly of the drug safety delivery device.

(3) FIG. 3 shows one embodiment of the drug safety delivery device.

(4) FIG. 4 shows one embodiment of a rotating cam.

(5) FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of a drug safety delivery device.

(6) FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of a drug safety delivery device.

(7) FIG. 7 shows one embodiment of a Y-clip of the drug safety delivery device.

(8) FIG. 8 shows one embodiment of an anti-triggering device for use with the drug safety delivery device.

(9) FIG. 9 shows a third embodiment of a drug safety delivery device.

(10) FIG. 10 shows a third embodiment of a drug safety delivery device.

(11) FIG. 11A-C shows one embodiment of a trigger housing usable with the drug safety delivery device. FIG. 11A shows details of the trigger housing prior to injection, FIG. 11B shows details of the trigger housing upon triggering of the passive safety mechanism during injection, and FIG. 11C shows details of the trigger housing in needle-protecting locked position post-injection.

(12) FIG. 12. shows one embodiment of a double leaf spring lock clip.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(13) As used herein, the term proximal, proximally-directed and related terms with respect to the drug safety delivery device refer to a direction toward the needle hub or toward the syringe when the drug safety delivery device is attached to a syringe.

(14) As used herein the term distal, distally-directed and related terms with respect to the drug safety delivery device refer to a direction toward the needle tip or toward the patient's skin when the device is in use for administering an injection.

(15) Before describing several exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the disclosure not limited to the details of construction or process steps set forth in the following description. The disclosure is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or being carried out in various ways.

(16) In general, provided are safety devices for passive shielding the distal tip of a needle cannula after it is used for injection. The safety devices include a collapsible or flexible structure directly or indirectly connecting the needle hub to a locking clip positioned at the distal end of the needle cannula. Initially, prior to use, the needle tip is exposed through the locking clip. The collapsible or flexible structure is longitudinally oriented between the needle hub and the locking clip, and surrounds, or runs adjacent to, the cannula. Prior to use of the safety device there is stored energy in the form of tension on the safety device which prevents the safety device from triggering and keeps the needle tip exposed for use. When the needle tip is inserted into the skin of the patient, the stored energy in the system is released and the safety device is activated or triggered. However, once activation occurs, the safety device does not shield the needle as long as the needle remains in the skin. This permits the user to continue to insert the needle to the desired depth. Only upon removal of the needle from the skin does the activated safety device automatically advance the locking clip forward to cover the tip of the needle, thereby automatically and passively preventing needle stick injury as soon as the injection is completed. In certain embodiments, the safety devices include additional components which allow for filling of a syringe, without triggering the passive safety mechanism, prior to injection.

(17) These features can be achieved by several embodiments of the safety device. In addition to the advantages of automatic and immediate shielding of the used needle, these several embodiments provide the advantage of requiring less force against the patient's skin during injection to trigger the passive safety mechanism. The various aspects and embodiments also provide a passive mechanism for shielding a needle which activates during injection over a shorter stroke distance.

(18) The Rotating Force Trigger

(19) One embodiment, shown generally in FIG. 1, is referred to herein as the rotating force trigger. The rotating force trigger drug delivery safety device 10 comprises a needle hub 12 for attachment of drug delivery safety device 10 to a syringe, needle hub 12 having an attached needle cannula 14. A body 16, which engages needle hub 12, encloses a rotating cam 18. Rotating cam 18 engages body 16 through a slot in a sidewall 20 of body 16. As shown in more detail in FIG. 2, the slot comprises three segments: a proximal angled lead ramp 22, a ledge 24 at the distal end of the angled lead ramp for seating the rotating cam, and an axial slot portion 26 distal to the ledge.

(20) As illustrated in FIG. 3, needle cannula 14 is surrounded by a flexible housing 28 which connects rotating cam 18 to a lock clip 30 near the distal end of needle cannula 14 such that needle cannula 14 is substantially covered by the flexible housing but distal tip 32 of the cannula is exposed. The passive shielding system includes a trigger mechanism comprising a first spring 34 which connects rotating cam 18 to lock clip 30 and a second spring 36 in body 16 extending from rotating cam 18 proximally toward needle hub 12. First spring 34 biases lock clip 30 distally and second spring 36 biases rotating cam 18 distally. Lock clip 30 may be housed in a cap 38 which is attached to flexible housing 28.

(21) An embodiment of rotating cam 18, configured for engagement with two slots opposite each other in body 16, is illustrated in more detail in FIG. 4. Tabs 40 are configured to engage the slots in body 16. Wings 42 may be present on the periphery of rotating cam 18 for engagement with threads or channels on the interior wall of body 16 to facilitate smooth rotation in only one direction. Wings 42 start in an un-flexed state and, as rotating cam 18 rotates, wings 42 may ride over ribs on the inner surface of housing 16. The ribs and head of wings 42 have biased ramps such that a ratchet is created. This prevents tabs 40 from reengaging with ledge 24 of body 16 during distal travel. Tabs 40 may be cylindrical to allow for a line contact area with angled lead ramp 22 or they may have a matching helix to increase the contact area, reducing binding and resistance to motion.

(22) An anti-triggering component usable with the drug delivery safety device is also shown in FIG. 1. The anti-triggering component is a removable anti-triggering sleeve 44 which is hollow and configured to fit over drug safety delivery device 10 to engage body 16. An interior surface 46 of anti-triggering sleeve 44 includes a rib 48 configured to engage axial slot portion 26 and prevent rotation of rotating cam 18 when sleeve 44 is in place. Removable fill cap 50 covers the distal opening of anti-triggering sleeve 44 to prevent access to needle cannula 14 until the syringe is to be filled, at which time it is removed and rib 48 of sleeve 44 engaged in axial slot portion 26 prevents rotation of rotating cam 18 during fill. When the syringe is filled and an injection is to be administered, removable anti-triggering sleeve 44 is removed from drug delivery safety device 10. This anti-triggering configuration also allows for a very low force trigger at time of use, because the anti-trigger rib prevents triggering during shipping and shelf storage.

(23) The Linear Distance Trigger

(24) One embodiment, shown generally in FIGS. 5 and 6, is referred to herein as the linear distance trigger. This drug delivery safety device 60 comprises a spring 62 connecting a needle hub 12 to a lock clip 30 near the distal end of the needle cannula 14. Needle hub 12 provides attachment of drug delivery safety device 60 to a syringe 94. A flexible housing 28 surrounds needle cannula 14 and connects Y-clip 72 to lock clip 30 such that needle cannula 14 is substantially covered by flexible housing 28 but the distal tip 32 of cannula 14 is exposed.

(25) A body 64 fittingly engages needle hub 12. Body 64 has an inner cavity 66 with proximal end 68 and distal end 70, and a Y-clip 72 disposed in inner cavity 66. First arm 74 and second arms 76 of Y-clip 72 are held open by engagement, respectively, with first pocket 78 and second pocket 80 at the distal end of the inner cavity and by force of spring 62 which biases the first and second arms toward the splayed or open position. First and second arms 74, 76 of Y-clip 72 have angled surfaces 73, as shown in more detail in FIG. 7. Lock clip 30 is housed in a cap 86 which is attached to flexible housing 28.

(26) Y-clip 72 is shown in more detail in FIG. 7, including a sleeve 82 which fittingly engages needle hub 12 and includes aperture 84 which permits needle cannula 14 to pass therethrough. Travel stop 85 is a protruding member that engages with a lip on the inside of body 64 to limit distal travel of the Y-clip.

(27) FIG. 8 illustrates an anti-triggering component for use with. drug delivery safety device 60. Removable anti-triggering cap 86 comprises an outer wall 88 configured to fit over the outside of body 64. Anti-triggering cap 86 further comprises an interior wall 90 which sits between first and second arms 74, 76 of Y-clip 72 when anti-triggering cap 86 is in place. Interior wall 90 thus prevents release of first and second arms 74, 76 from first and second pockets 78, 80. Removable fill cap 92 covers the distal end of drug delivery safety device 60 to prevent access to needle cannula 14 until syringe 94 is to be filled, at which time it is removed and Y-clip 72 prevents movement of first and second arms 74, 76 during fill. When syringe 94 is filled and an injection is to be administered, anti-triggering cap 86 is removed from drug delivery safety device 60.

(28) Front-End Trigger

(29) One embodiment, shown generally in FIG. 9, is referred to as the front-end trigger. This drug delivery safety device 100 comprises a needle hub 12 with a needle cannula 14 for attachment to a syringe 94, and at least two flexible arms 102 axially adjacent to needle cannula 14 to connect a trigger housing 104 to needle hub 12. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, trigger housing 104 includes an aperture 106 in a distal wall 108 thereof, through which distal tip 32 of cannula 14 is exposed. A trigger mechanism inside trigger housing 104 is comprised of a spring 110 (shown in FIG. 11) connecting trigger housing 104 to flexible arms 102. The trigger mechanism also includes a double leaf spring lock clip 112, shown in detail in FIG. 12, having a first leaf 114 which removably engages flexible arms 102 and a second leaf 116 which engages trigger housing 104 to retain lock clip 112 within trigger housing 104. Second leaf 116 includes a distal needle tip cover 118 which, prior to triggering (FIG. 11A), is in contact with the needle cannula to keep needle tip cover 118 out of alignment with aperture 106 of trigger housing 104 and aperture 120 of lock clip 112.

(30) An end-cap 122 connects the distal ends of the two flexible arms. Trigger housing 104 fits over end-cap 122. As shown in FIGS. 11A-C, spring 110 indirectly connects lock clip 112 to flexible arms 102 via engagement with end-cap 122. The end-cap includes an aperture 124 aligned with aperture 106 of trigger housing 104 and aperture 120 of lock clip 112.

(31) FIG. 9 also shows an anti-triggering component for use with drug delivery safety device 100. Removable anti-triggering sleeve 126 is hollow and configured to fit over drug safety delivery device 100 to engage needle hub 12. Anti-triggering sleeve 126 includes a rib configured to hold down first leaf 114 of lock clip 112. Removable anti-triggering sleeve 126 constrains motion of trigger housing 104 when in place. Removable fill cap 128 covers the distal opening of anti-triggering sleeve 126 to prevent access to needle cannula 14 until the syringe is to be filled, at which time it is removed and the rib of anti-triggering sleeve 126 prevents disengagement of first leaf 114 from flexible arms 102. When syringe 94 is filled and an injection is to be administered, removable sleeve 126 is removed from drug delivery safety device 100.

(32) Reference throughout this specification to one embodiment, certain embodiments, various embodiments, one or more embodiments or an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the disclosure. Thus, the appearances of the phrases such as in one or more embodiments, in certain embodiments, in various embodiments, in one embodiment or in an embodiment in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment of the disclosure. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

(33) Although the disclosure herein provided a description with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure include modifications and variations that are within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.