Circuits for modulated-mixer-clock multi-branch receivers

Abstract

Circuits comprising: a plurality of LNTA branches, each comprising: a cascode common-source (CCS) LNTA, a plurality of passive mixers (PMs), and a plurality of baseband two-stage Miller compensated TIAs (BB2S-TIAs); a plurality of mixer-first branches, each comprising: a plurality of RF switches, a plurality of baseband folded-cascode TIAs (BBFC-TIAs), and a plurality of Cherry-Hooper amplifiers, wherein an input to each of the BBFC-TIAs is provided by an output of at least one of the RF switches, and an input to each of the amplifiers is provided by an output of a corresponding one of the BBFC-TIAs; a first plurality of clock modulators that provide first non-overlapping modulated clocks that are provided to an input of the PMs; and a second plurality of clock modulators that provide a plurality of tri-level modulated mixer clocks that control the switching of the RF switches.

Claims

1. A circuit for a modulated-mixer-clock multi-branch receiver, comprising: a plurality of low-noise transconductance amplifier (LNTA) branches, each comprising: a cascode common-source LNTA, a plurality of passive mixers, and a plurality of baseband two-stage Miller compensated transimpedance amplifiers (TIAs), wherein an input to the cascode common-source LNTA is provided by a radio frequency (RF) signal source, an input to each of the plurality of passive mixers is provided by an output of the cascode common-source LNTA, and an input to each of the plurality of baseband two-stage Miller compensated TIAs is provided by an output of a corresponding one of the plurality of passive mixers; a plurality of mixer-first branches, each comprising: a plurality of RF switches, a plurality of baseband folded-cascode TIAs, and a plurality of Cherry-Hooper amplifiers, wherein an input to the plurality of RF switches is provided by the RF signal source, an input to each of the plurality of baseband folded-cascode TIAs is provided by an output of at least one of the plurality of RF switches, and an input to each of the plurality of Cherry-Hooper amplifiers is provided by an output of a corresponding one of the plurality of baseband folded-cascode TIAs; a first plurality of clock modulators that provide first non-overlapping modulated clocks that are provided to an input of the plurality of passive mixers; and a second plurality of clock modulators that provide a plurality of tri-level modulated mixer clocks that control the switching of the plurality of RF switches.

2. A circuit for a modulated-mixer-clock multi-branch receiver, comprising: a plurality of low-noise transconductance amplifier (LNTA) branches, each comprising: an LNTA, a plurality of passive mixers, and a plurality of transimpedance amplifiers (TIAs), wherein an input to the LNTA is provided by a radio frequency (RF) signal source, an input to each of the plurality of passive mixers is provided by an output of the LNTA, and an input to each of the plurality of TIAs is provided by an output of a corresponding one of the plurality of passive mixers; a plurality of mixer-first branches, each comprising: a plurality of RF switches, a plurality of TIAs, and a plurality of amplifiers, wherein an input to the plurality of RF switches is provided by the RF signal source, an input to each of the plurality of TIAs is provided by an output of at least one of the plurality of RF switches, and an input to each of the plurality of amplifiers is provided by an output of a corresponding one of the plurality of TIAs; a first plurality of clock modulators that provide first non-overlapping modulated clocks that are provided to an input of the plurality of passive mixers; and a second plurality of clock modulators that provide a plurality of tri-level modulated mixer clocks that control the switching of the plurality of RF switches.

3. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the LNTA in each of the plurality of LNTA branches is a cascode common-source LNTA.

4. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the plurality of TIAs in each of the plurality of LNTA branches are a plurality of baseband two-stage Miller compensated TIAs.

5. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the plurality of TIAs in the plurality of mixer-first branches are a plurality of baseband folded-cascode TIAs.

6. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the plurality of amplifiers in the plurality of mixer-first branches are a plurality of Cherry-Hooper amplifiers.

7. The circuit of claim 2, further comprising a first band separation circuit connected to an output of the plurality of TIAs of the plurality of LNTA branches.

8. The circuit of claim 7, further comprising a second band separation circuit connected to an output of the plurality of amplifiers of the plurality of mixer-first branches.

9. The circuit of claim 8, further comprising a noise cancellation circuit connected to an output of the first band-separation circuit and an output of the second band-separation circuit.

10. The circuit of claim 2, further comprising a DSP connected to an output of the plurality of amplifiers of the plurality of mixer-first branches.

11. The circuit of claim 10, wherein the DSP is a compressive-sampling DSP.

12. The circuit of claim 2, wherein one of the first plurality of clock modulators comprises: a first NAND gate having a first input, a second input, and an output; a second NAND gate having a first input, a second input, and an output; a third NAND gate having a first input, a second input, and an output, wherein the first input of the third NAND gate is connected to the first input of the first NAND gate, and wherein the second input of the third NAND gate is connected to the first input of the second NAND gate; a fourth NAND gate having a first input, a second input, and an output, wherein the first input of the fourth NAND gate is connected to the second input of the first NAND gate, and wherein the second input of the fourth NAND gate is connected to the second input of the second NAND gate; a fifth NAND gate having a first input, a second input, and an output, wherein the first input of the fifth NAND gate is connected to the output of the first NAND gate, and wherein the second input of the fifth NAND gate is connected to the output of the second NAND gate; and a sixth NAND gate having a first input, a second input, and an output, wherein the first input of the sixth NAND gate is connected to the output of the third NAND gate, and wherein the second input of the sixth NAND gate is connected to the output of the fourth NAND gate.

13. The circuit of claim 12, further comprising: a first four-phase non-overlapping clock generator having a first output, a second output, a third output, and a fourth output, and a second four-phase non-overlapping clock generator having a first output, a second output, a third output, and a fourth output, wherein: the first output of the first four-phase non-overlapping clock generator is connected to the first input of the first NAND gate; the third output of the first four-phase non-overlapping clock generator is connected to the second input of the first NAND gate; the second output of the second four-phase non-overlapping clock generator is connected to the first input of the second NAND gate; and the fourth output of the second four-phase non-overlapping clock generator is connected to the second input of the second NAND gate.

14. The circuit of claim 2, wherein one of the second plurality of clock modulators comprises: a first NAND gate having a first input, a second input, and an output; a second NAND gate having a first input, a second input, and an output; a third NAND gate having a first input, a second input, and an output, wherein the first input of the third NAND gate is connected to the first input of the first NAND gate, and wherein the second input of the third NAND gate is connected to the first input of the second NAND gate; a fourth NAND gate having a first input, a second input, and an output, wherein the first input of the fourth NAND gate is connected to the second input of the first NAND gate, and wherein the second input of the fourth NAND gate is connected to the second input of the second NAND gate; a fifth NAND gate having a first input, a second input, and an output, wherein the first input of the fifth NAND gate is connected to the output of the first NAND gate, and wherein the second input of the fifth NAND gate is connected to the output of the second NAND gate; and a sixth NAND gate having a first input, a second input, and an output, wherein the first input of the sixth NAND gate is connected to the output of the third NAND gate, and wherein the second input of the sixth NAND gate is connected to the output of the fourth NAND gate.

15. The circuit of claim 14, further comprising: a first four-phase non-overlapping clock generator having a first output, a second output, a third output, and a fourth output, and a second four-phase non-overlapping clock generator having a first output, a second output, a third output, and a fourth output, wherein: the first output of the first four-phase non-overlapping clock generator is connected to the first input of the first NAND gate; the third output of the first four-phase non-overlapping clock generator is connected to the second input of the first NAND gate; the second output of the second four-phase non-overlapping clock generator is connected to the first input of the second NAND gate; and the fourth output of the second four-phase non-overlapping clock generator is connected to the second input of the second NAND gate.

16. The circuit of claim 2, further comprising a pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) generator coupled to the first plurality of clock modulators.

17. The circuit of claim 2, further comprising a pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) generator coupled to the second plurality of clock modulators.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is an example of a receiver in accordance with some embodiments.

(2) FIG. 2 is an example of a clock modulator, four mixer-first branches (illustrated in single-ended form), and a band separation circuit that can be used in a receiver in accordance with some embodiments.

(3) FIG. 3 is an example of a cascode common-source low noise transconductance amplifier that can be used in a receiver in accordance with some embodiments.

(4) FIG. 4 is an example of a clock modulator cell that can be used in a receiver in accordance with some embodiments.

(5) FIG. 5 is an example of an RF switch that can be used in a receiver in accordance with some embodiments.

(6) FIG. 6 is an example of a Cherry-Hooper amplifier that can be used in a receiver in accordance with some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(7) In accordance with some embodiments, modulated-mixer-clock (MMC) multi-branch receivers are provided.

(8) In some embodiments, a modulated-mixer-clock (MMC) multi-branch receiver can be implemented as shown by example receiver 100 of FIG. 1. As illustrated, receiver 100 can include a two low-noise transconductance amplifier (LNTA) branches (LB.sub.1 102 and LB.sub.2 104), two mixer-first branches (MFB.sub.1 106 and MFB.sub.2 108), clock path circuitry 110, band separation circuits 112 and 114, noise cancellation circuits 116, and compressive sampling digital signal processor (DSP) 118 in some embodiments.

(9) Each of LNTA branches LB.sub.1 102 and LB.sub.2 104 in receiver 100 can include a cascode common-source LNTA (Gm) 120, differential passive mixers 122, and baseband two-stage Miller compensated trans-impedance amplifiers (TIAs) 124 in some embodiments.

(10) An example 300 of a circuit that can be used to implement cascode common-source LNTA (Gm) 120 in accordance with some embodiments is shown in FIG. 3.

(11) Each of mixer-first branches MFB.sub.1 106 and MFB.sub.2 108 can include RF switches 126, baseband folded-cascode TIAs 128, and Cherry-Hooper amplifiers with programmable degeneration and feedback resistors for gain and linearity control 130 in some embodiments.

(12) RF switches 126 can be placed in a floating-body configuration to decrease their OFF capacitance and biased at a 0.2V source terminal voltage to reduce their ON resistance in some embodiments. An example 500 of a floating-body radio-frequency low-voltage threshold (RF-LVT) NMOS switch that can be used to implement an RF switch 126 in accordance with some embodiments is shown in FIG. 5.

(13) An example 600 of a Cherry-Hooper amplifier that can be used to implement amplifier 130 in accordance with some embodiments is shown in FIG. 6.

(14) Clock path circuitry can include clock dividers, non-overlapping clock generators, two clock modulators, and a pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) synthesizer in some embodiments.

(15) In some embodiments, the clock modulators can be implemented with NAND-based logic with delay-matching for all clock inputs. An example 400 of a clock modulator cell for phase .sub.0 that can be used to implement a clock modulator (shown in FIG. 1) in accordance with some embodiments is shown in FIG. 4. Similar clock modulator cells can be implemented for .sub.1, .sub.2, and .sub.3 by modifying clock modulator cell 400 consistent with the equations in box 202 of FIG. 2 in some embodiments.

(16) The PRBS synthesizer can be any suitable PRBS synthesizer in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the PRBS synthesizer can generate both shift-register-based and linear feedback shift register (LFSR)-based PRBS sequences of any suitable length. In some embodiments, the PRBS synthesizer can be a Gold sequence generator.

(17) In some embodiments, the LNTA branches and the mixer-first branches can operate independently with different clock sources or can be driven synchronously with the same clock. For example, in some embodiments, receiver 100 can operate in any one or more of a single-carrier reception mode, a dual-carrier reception mode, and compressive sampling scanning mode. In the single-carrier reception mode in some embodiments, only the LB.sub.1 branch and the MBF.sub.1 branch are turned on. In the dual-carrier reception mode in some embodiments, both LNTA branches and both mixer-first branches are active. In the compressive sampling scanning mode in some embodiments, the two LNTA branches are powered off and both mixer-first branches are active.

(18) During operation, receiver 100 can use mixer-clock modulation to achieve dual-band tuned matching and concurrent dual carrier reception in some embodiments. In some embodiments, to receive signals at F.sub.RF1 and F.sub.RF2, a 4-phase non-overlapping RF clock at F.sub.C=(F.sub.RF1+F.sub.RF2)/2 can be modulated with a modulation clock at F.sub.M=(F.sub.RF1F.sub.RF1)/2. When applying these modulated clocks to the mixer-first branches, the baseband impedance can be translated as a tuned response at F.sub.RF1 and F.sub.RF2 in some embodiments. Alternatively, if pseudo-random bit sequences (PRBS) are modulated on the RF clock (F.sub.C), the mixer-first branches can perform compressive-sampling (CS) wideband spectrum scanning.

(19) As shown in FIG. 2, in some embodiments, four tri-level-modulated mixer clocks .sub.0-.sub.3 can be derived from two 4-phase 25% non-overlapping clocks p.sub.0-3(t) and .sub.0-3(t) at F.sub.C and F.sub.M, respectively, using a digital clock modulator 202 by either flipping or not flipping the polarity of the input clocks, or holding the outputs low as described by the formulas in box 202. When flipping the RF clock at a rate F.sub.M in FIG. 2, the F.sub.C tone in the RF clock is moved to two tones at F.sub.RF1=F.sub.CF.sub.M and F.sub.RF2=F.sub.C+F.sub.M. When one modulated clock of .sub.0-.sub.3 is low in FIG. 2, the other three modulated clocks of .sub.0-.sub.3 are switching. The four clocks .sub.0-.sub.3 can be guaranteed to be non-overlapping and have linearly-independent spectra in some embodiments.

(20) Applying .sub.0-.sub.3 to mixer-first branches 204, 206, 208, and 210 (which are shown in a single ended configuration for purposes of clarity) translates the baseband impedance to F.sub.RF1 and F.sub.RF2 and achieves dual-band impedance matching. Meanwhile, the mixer-first branches concurrently down-convert the RF input signals at F.sub.RF1 and F.sub.RF2 to linearly independent baseband outputs. Simple addition and subtraction in band separation circuit 212 can be used to separate the I/Q components for each RF band to produce outputs LB-Q, LB-I, HB-I, and HB-Q.

(21) A benefit of clock modulation in some embodiments is that the clock sources F.sub.C and F.sub.M are separated more widely than F.sub.RF1 and F.sub.RF2, which alleviates possible phase-locked loop (PLL) pulling issues. While spurious tones can exist in the modulated clocks due to intermixing of higher order harmonics of F.sub.C or F.sub.M in some embodiments, those spurious tones are expected to be out of band or mitigatable with frequency planning in some embodiments.

(22) In some embodiments, low noise transconductance amplifiers (LNTA) branches, LB.sub.1 and LB.sub.2, driven by modulated clock sets CLK.sub.LB1 and CLK.sub.LB2 can be used to implement noise cancellation and improves the noise figure (NF) of the receiver. The two pairs of non-overlapping modulated clock sets CLK.sub.LB1 and CLK.sub.LB2 can be generated with 50% 4-phase F.sub.M clocks to modulate the 25% 4-phase F.sub.C RF clock.

(23) In some embodiments, during a compressive sampling (CS) mode, clock F.sub.C can be 700 MHz and be modulated with a maximal-length PRBS sequence of length L=63 clocked at F.sub.M equal to 630 MHz. In some embodiments, during CS wideband scanning (e.g., with a CW input tone at 662 MHz, and two noise-modulated 2 MHz wide input signals at 693 MHz and 729 MHz), the mixer first branches with pseudo-random modulated clocks can down-convert the RF signals to baseband. The resulting signals can then be processed by CS DSP 118 (FIG. 1) which can use any suitable CS processing techniques as known in the art to identify signals in the scanned region.

(24) Although specific components are described herein, it should be apparent that other components can be used to provide the same or similar functions and/or additional functions in some embodiments.

(25) Although the invention has been described and illustrated in the foregoing illustrative embodiments, it is understood that the present disclosure has been made only by way of example, and that numerous changes in the details of implementation of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is limited only by the claims that follow. Features of the disclosed embodiments can be combined and rearranged in various ways