Abstract
The invention relates to a composite element having fibers embedded in a hardened resin and an insert piece likewise embedded in the resin, which insert piece has a head and a tip. A pin is provided between the head and the tip, the pin extending along a longitudinal axis extending from the head to the tip, wherein a fastening hole is defined by the head, and/or a fastening protrusion extends from the head. A recess defined by the pin, at which recess is presented a holding surface facing the head and forming an angle with the longitudinal axis of >0 and <180.
Claims
1. A semi-finished product for producing a fiber-reinforced composite element defining a fastening hole or a fastening protrusion, wherein: the semi-finished product has a head and a tip, and a pin is provided between the head and the tip, which pin extends along a longitudinal axis extending from the head to the tip, wherein a fastening hole is defined by the head, and/or a fastening protrusion extends from the head, wherein a recess is defined by the pin, on which recess a holding surface is presented which faces the head and is arranged at an angle to the longitudinal axis of >0 and <180.
2. The semi-finished product according to claim 1, further comprising a rib which extends from the pin in a direction of >0 and <180 with respect to the longitudinal axis, and on which the holding surface facing the head is presented.
3. The semi-finished product according to claim 2, wherein the rib is formed circumferentially around the longitudinal axis or extends along an arc around the longitudinal axis.
4. The semi-finished product according to claim 2, wherein the rib has a shoulder on which is formed a support surface having a surface normal having at least one component running tangentially to a circle around the longitudinal axis.
5. The semi-finished product according to claim 2, comprising two or more ribs extending from the pin in a direction of >0 and <180 with respect to the longitudinal axis, on each of which is presented one of the holding surfaces facing the head, wherein the ribs are arranged spaced apart from one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis.
6. The semi-finished product according to claim 1, wherein the tip and/or the circumferential surface of the cross-section of the core of the pin and/or the enveloping lateral surface which encompasses the ribs taper in the direction of the longitudinal axis.
7. The semi-finished product according to claim 1, comprising the fastening hole defined by the head, and wherein the fastening hole extends into the pin.
8. The semi-finished product according to claim 1, wherein the fastening hole has a thread.
9. The semi-finished product according to claim 1, wherein a fastening protrusion extends from the head and is designed in the form of a ball, a pin with an external thread or internal thread, or a T-bolt.
10. (canceled)
11. A composite element having fibers embedded in a hardened resin and an insert piece likewise embedded in the resin, said insert piece having a head and a tip, wherein a pin is provided between the head and the tip, which pin extends along a longitudinal axis extending from the head to the tip, wherein a fastening hole defined by the head, and/or a fastening protrusion extends from the head, wherein a recess is defined by the pin, on which recess a holding surface is presented which faces the head and is arranged at an angle to the longitudinal axis of >0 and <180.
12. The composite element according to claim 11, wherein the insert piece is produced from a semi-finished product.
13. A method for producing a composite element according to claim 11, comprising a semi-finished product surrounded by fibers and hardened resin.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0063] The disclosure is described in greater detail below, with reference only to exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, in which:
[0064] FIG. 1 shows a perspectival view of a first embodiment of a semi-finished product according to the disclosure;
[0065] FIG. 2 shows a side view of the semi-finished product according to the disclosure from FIG. 1;
[0066] FIG. 3 shows a section view taken along the line A-A shown in FIG. 2 of the semi-finished product according to the disclosure from FIGS. 1 and 2;
[0067] FIG. 4 shows a bottom view of the semi-finished product according to the disclosure from FIGS. 1 through 3;
[0068] FIG. 5 shows an enlargement of a partial region of the view shown in FIG. 4;
[0069] FIG. 6 shows a section view of the semi-finished product along the line F-F shown in FIG. 2;
[0070] FIG. 7 shows a section view of a second embodiment of a semi-finished product according to the disclosure;
[0071] FIG. 8 shows a section view of a third embodiment of a semi-finished product according to the disclosure;
[0072] FIG. 9 shows a section view of a fourth embodiment of a semi-finished product according to the disclosure;
[0073] FIG. 10 shows a schematic depiction of a sequence of method steps for producing a composite element according to the disclosure;
[0074] FIG. 11 shows a section view of a composite element according to the disclosure;
[0075] FIG. 12 shows a section view of a further embodiment of a semi-finished product according to the disclosure, and
[0076] FIG. 13 shows a view comparable to FIG. 6 of a further embodiment of the semi-finished product according to the disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0077] Referring to FIGS. 1-13, wherein like numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views, a semi-finished product is illustrated and generally designated 1. In particular, the semi-finished product 1 shown in FIGS. 1 through 6 for producing a fiber-reinforced composite element 100 having a fastening hole or a fastening protrusion has a head 2 and a tip 3. Provided between the head 2 and the tip 3 is a pin 4 which extends along a longitudinal axis X pointing from the head 2 to the tip 3.
[0078] In the embodiment of a semi-finished product 1 shown in FIGS. 1 through 5, a fastening hole 5 is provided which is introduced into the head 2. As can be seen particularly well in FIG. 3, the fastening hole 5 extends from the head 2 through the pin 4 into the tip 3. FIG. 3 also shows particularly well that the fastening hole 5 is provided with an internal thread 6.
[0079] On the pin 4, at the transition from the tip 3 to the section of the semi-finished product 1 formed by the pin 4, a first recess 7 is provided on which a holding surface 8 forming an angle of 90 with the longitudinal axis X and facing the head 2 is embodied.
[0080] Furthermore, three groups of two ribs 9, 10, each arranged at the same level, are provided on the pin 4 offset relative to one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis X. The ribs 9,10 extend from the pin 4 in the direction of 90 to the longitudinal axis X. A holding surface 8 facing the head 2 is formed on each rib 9, 10. In relation to their maximum extension in the radial direction to the longitudinal axis X, each holding surface 8 on each rib 9, 10 forms a recess in the pin 4.
[0081] As can be seen especially well in FIG. 4 in particular, a shoulder 11 is formed on each rib 9, 10 at its end, on which a support surface 12 is formed. The support surface 12 of one shoulder 11 of the rib 9 faces a support surface 12 of the opposite shoulder 11 of the rib 10. In the case of the rib 9, the shoulder 11 is part of a retaining tooth 28 which projects radially from the remaining part of the rib.
[0082] As FIG. 5 shows particularly clearly, each support surface 12 has a surface normal 13. FIG. 5 shows a section of a circle 14 around the longitudinal axis X. Furthermore, the arrows 15 show the tangential direction of this circle 14 at the points of intersection with the support surface 12. As can be seen particularly well in the representation in FIG. 5, the surface normal 13 has a component which runs tangentially to a circle 14 around the longitudinal axis X.
[0083] Through the formation of the shoulders 11 at the ends of the ribs 9, 10, a gap 16 is formed between two ribs 9, 10 arranged at the same level along the longitudinal extension of the longitudinal axis X (see FIGS. 1, 4, 5). As can be seen particularly well in FIGS. 1, 4, and 5, the gaps 16 between the ribs 9,10 arranged at the same level along the longitudinal extension of the longitudinal axis X are arranged one above the other (aligned) for all the ribs 9,10 present over the longitudinal extension, so that a type of channel forms which is formed along the longitudinal extension of the pin 4 and divides the ribs 9, 10. Embodiments are of course also conceivable in which each gap 16 between ribs 9, 10 arranged at the same level is not aligned with the gap 16 between two ribs 9,10 arranged at a different level, but offset instead.
[0084] FIGS. 1, 4, and 5 show that each rib 9, 10 is designed as an arc which extends around the longitudinal axis X. The ribs are therefore not formed to run around the whole circumference. The ribs are also notas would be possible in other embodiments of the disclosureembodied to be helical around the longitudinal axis, as is known in the case of an external thread of a screw.
[0085] In FIG. 3, arrows H.sub.1 and H.sub.2 emphasize that the distance between each outer point of a rib and the longitudinal axis X is different. The distance between each outermost point of the rib in the radial direction to the longitudinal axis X at a point of the extension of the rib around the longitudinal axis X is understood as its height. As FIG. 4 highlights particularly clearly, the height of a rib 9, 10 changes over its extension along the arc around the longitudinal axis X along which the rib 9, 10 extends. Thus, the outermost points of the rib do not all lie on a circle. This is illustrated by the circle 17 drawn in FIG. 4. The circle 17 around the longitudinal axis X connects the radially outermost points of the rib 9 and the rib 10.
[0086] FIGS. 2 and 3 show particularly well that the outer contour of the pin 4 is that of a cylinder or that of a frustum having a very small slant (taper in the direction of the tip 3). The resultas FIG. 3 highlights particularly clearlyis that the radial extension of each rib 9, 10 (i.e., the degree to which each rib 9, 10 projects beyond the outer circumference 20 of the pin 4 in the radial direction to the longitudinal axis X) varies along its longitudinal extension (its extension along the arc around the longitudinal axis X). The base 26 of each recess between each rib 9 and 10 is part of the surface of the outer circumference of the cylindrical or frustoconical basic body of the pin 4.
[0087] FIG. 6 shows that the pin has a hollow cylindrical cross-section.
[0088] FIG. 3 highlights that the height of the respective rib 9, 10 at a point along its longitudinal extension (its extension along the arc around the longitudinal axis X) is larger compared to a rib located closer to the tip 3. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 through 6, the height of each rib 9, 10 along its longitudinal extension is selected such that, in each section of the semi-finished product 1, which also contains the longitudinal axis X and passes through the ribs 9, 10, the points of maximum extension of each rib 9, 10 lie on lines 21, 22, which form an angle of 12 to one another.
[0089] As can be seen particularly well in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the ribs 10 are each identical, and the ribs 9 are also each identical, meaning that all the ribs 10 have the same shape, albeit in different sizes, and all the ribs 9 have the same shape, albeit in different sizes.
[0090] FIG. 2 shows that the tip is configured as a cone having an included angle of 70.9.
[0091] As can be clearly seen from FIGS. 1 through 5, the head 1 has a circumferential flange 23 via which the semi-finished product can be supported on other elements.
[0092] FIGS. 2 and 3 show particularly well that each rib 9, 10 has a surface forming the holding surface 8 and facing the head 2, which runs at an angle of 90 to the longitudinal axis X and has a lower side 24 which likewise runs at an angle of 90 to the longitudinal axis and faces the tip 3. The upper side and lower side therefore run parallel to one another. The upper side and the lower side are connected by a circumferential surface 25. In cross-sections of the semi-finished product which contain the longitudinal axis X, the circumferential surface runs at an angle to the longitudinal axis X (not parallel to the longitudinal axis and also not 90 to the longitudinal axis). The rib could be said to have a bevel at its outer circumference.
[0093] The semi-finished product 1 shown in FIGS. 1 through 6 is configured as an injection-molded part made of a plastic.
[0094] The embodiment in FIG. 7 differs from the embodiment in FIGS. 1 through 6 in that a fastening hole 5 which extends into the pin 4 and into the tip 3 is embodied in the head 2 and is of smooth-walled design, and does not have the internal thread 6 of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 through 6.
[0095] In the embodiments of FIGS. 8 and 9, no fastening hole is provided in the head 2. Instead, a fastening protrusion is provided on the head 2. In the embodiment in FIG. 8, the fastening protrusion is configured as a threaded pin extending along the longitudinal axis X. The same applies to the embodiment of FIG. 9. In contrast to the threaded pin 27 of the embodiment in FIG. 9, which is made of solid material, the threaded pin in the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is hollow.
[0096] For reasons of clarity, the same reference signs are used in the embodiments in FIGS. 7, 8, and 9 as in the embodiment in FIGS. 1 through 6. With the exception of the specific configuration of the fastening hole or of the fastening protrusion, the semi-finished products 1 in the embodiments in FIGS. 7, 8, and 9 are identical to the embodiment in the example in FIGS. 1 through 6.
[0097] FIG. 10 schematically shows the sequence of actions of a method for producing the composite element 100 according to the disclosure. For this purpose, a device is provided having an upper part 50 in which a semi-finished product 1 according to the disclosure is held. The device used further has a lower part 51. A cavity 52 is embodied in the lower part 51, the shape of which cavity is adapted to the shape of the tip 3 of the semi-finished product 1. Several layers of a woven fabric 53 of fibers 54 are clamped between the upper part 50 and the lower part 51. Above the woven fabric 53, a resin supply 55 is located in the upper part 50. The tip 3 of the semi-finished product 1 held in the upper part 50 plunges into the resin supply 55. Furthermore, a punch 56 is provided which can press the semi-finished product 1 through the resin supply 55 into the woven fabric 53. The resin supply 55 is liquefied at the time of insertion of the semi-finished product 1. The liquefied resin of the resin supply 55, together with the semi-finished product 1, is pressed between the fibers 54 of the woven fabric 53 by the punch 56. The tip 3 of the semi-finished product 1 parts the fibers 54 of the woven fabric 53. This can take place, on the one hand, by the tip 3 pushing the fibers of the woven fabric to the side. Additionally or alternatively, it is also conceivable for the tip 3 of the semi-finished product 1 to separate the fibers 54.
[0098] The resin is hardened after insertion of the semi-finished product 1. After the resin hardens, the composite element according to the disclosure is finished and can be removed from the device. The semi-finished product 1 has then become an insert piece 101 embedded in the resin of the composite element. Since the insert piece 101 has been produced from the semi-finished product 1, the insert piece 101 has a head 102 and a tip 103, wherein a pin 104 is provided between the head 102 and the tip 103, which pin extends along a longitudinal axis X pointing from the head 102 to the tip 103. The insert piece 101 has ribs 109 projecting from the pin 104.
[0099] The enlarged depiction of the composite element according to the disclosure in FIG. 10 shows particularly well how the fibers 54 of the woven fabric 53 lie between the ribs 109. In the hardened state of the resin, the resin is also located between the ribs 109. By arranging the resin and the fibers 54 between the ribs 109, it is possible via large holding forces to counteract pull-out of the insert piece 101 from the composite element 100.
[0100] As a result of the varying height of the ribs 9 and 10, shown particularly well in FIGS. 4 and 5, but particularly also as a result of the shoulders 11 provided on the ribs 9,10 and their support surfaces 12, it is possible via particularly large holding forces to counteract any attempt to rotate the insert piece 101 in the hardened resin. This makes it possible, for example, to screw a threaded pin into an internal thread 6 in a fastening hole 5 using large tightening forces.
[0101] FIG. 12 shows an embodiment of the semi-finished product according to the disclosure in which a metal sleeve 28 having the fastening hole 5 and the internal thread 6 provided in the fastening hole 5 has been overmolded with a plastic material 29 to form the semi-finished product according to the disclosure. The representation in FIG. 12 was based upon the representation in FIG. 2 in order to show that the embodiment shown in FIG. 12 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 only with regard to its inside, viz., the metal sleeve 28 arranged on the inside, while the external form of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 12 is equivalent to that of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
[0102] The embodiment shown in FIG. 13 is configured in a manner comparable to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 through 6; however, it differs in the geometry of the circumferential surface of the ribs 9, 10. While the circumferential surface of the ribs 9, 10 in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 through 6 is formed with steps and retaining teeth, the circumferential surface of the ribs 9, 10 in the embodiment in FIG. 13 is configured in a simpler way. It can also be seen in FIG. 13 that the height of each rib 9, 10 varies continuously along its longitudinal extension (its extension along the arc around the longitudinal axis X). With the exception of the shoulders 11 provided at the end of the rib 9, 10 in each case, the ribs 9, 10 have no steps. The rib 10 has a vertex 18 which is configured to be more incisive than a comparable vertex 19 of the rib 9, but the change in height is still continuous at the vertices 18, 19. The vertices 18, 19 are not designed as edges.
[0103] The terms comprising or comprise are used herein in their broadest sense to mean and encompass the notions of including, include, consist(ing) essentially of, and consist(ing) of. The use of for example, e.g., such as, and including to list illustrative examples does not limit to only the listed examples. Thus, for example or such as means for example, but not limited to or such as, but not limited to and encompasses other similar or equivalent examples. The term about as used herein serves to reasonably encompass or describe minor variations in numerical values measured by instrumental analysis or as a result of sample handling. Such minor variations may be in the order of 0-25, 0-10, 0-5, or 0-2.5, % of the numerical values. Further, The term about applies to both numerical values when associated with a range of values. Moreover, the term about may apply to numerical values even when not explicitly stated.
[0104] Generally, as used herein a hyphen - or dash in a range of values is to or through; a > is above or greater-than; a is at least or greater-than or equal to; a < is below or less-than; and a is at most or less-than or equal to. On an individual basis, each of the aforementioned applications for patent, patents, and/or patent application publications, is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety in one or more non-limiting embodiments.
[0105] It is to be understood that the appended claims are not limited to express and particular compounds, compositions, or methods described in the detailed description, which may vary between particular embodiments which fall within the scope of the appended claims. With respect to any Markush groups relied upon herein for describing particular features or aspects of various embodiments, it is to be appreciated that different, special, and/or unexpected results may be obtained from each member of the respective Markush group independent from all other Markush members. Each member of a Markush group may be relied upon individually and or in combination and provides adequate support for specific embodiments within the scope of the appended claims.
[0106] The present invention has been described herein in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that the terminology which has been used is intended to be in the nature of words of description rather than of limitation. Many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. The present invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described within the scope of the appended claims. The subject matter of all combinations of independent and dependent claims, both single and multiple dependent, is herein expressly contemplated.
