Method for optimizing sensor network node location in geological CO.SUB.2 .storage area

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for optimizing sensor network node location in a geological CO.sub.2 storage area. In the method, by analyzing data in a monitoring area, such as geological data, geographical data, and meteorological data, analyzing influence factors of a CO.sub.2 leakage event and determining a sensitivity partition, designing different coverage control schemes of monitoring sensor network nodes, or intensively or sparsely arranging sensor monitoring nodes, a coverage network is described and optimally expressed on the basis of Delaunay triangulation. In the method for optimizing sensor network node location in a geological carbon dioxide storage area, the arrangement density of wireless sensor network nodes can be dynamically adjusted according to geological and geographical features of a detection area, and the arrangement optimization of a dynamic monitoring sensor network for coal seam carbon dioxide injection area leakage can be realized. The method reduces node redundancy and communication overheads as much as possible, and has strong network coverage and network connectivity.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing sensor network node location in geological carbon dioxide (CO2) storage area, comprising the following steps: step 1) analyzing geological, geographical and meteorological data of the geological CO2 storage area to obtain an influence factor set of a CO2 leakage event of the geological CO2 storage area and determining weights, and then obtaining a sensitivity distribution of the geological CO2 storage area by geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis; step 2) arranging sensor monitoring nodes by using network coverage control algorithms for different densities according to different sensitivity levels of the geological CO2 storage area; and step 3) performing Delaunay triangulation on a sensor node set arranged in the geological CO2 storage area to complete description and optimal expression of a coverage network.

2. The method for optimizing sensor network node location in geological CO2 storage area according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the specific steps of determining weights are: constructing an environmental sensitivity influence factor evaluation index system of the geological CO2 storage area according to the influence factor set of the CO2 leakage event of the geological CO2 storage area, the evaluation index system consisting of a target layer, a criterion layer and a discrimination layer, wherein a first-level evaluation index is monitoring environmental sensitivity A; second-level evaluation indexes comprised in the first-level evaluation index comprise geological reservoir B1, topography B2, and meteorological wind field B3; and third-level evaluation indexes comprised in the second-level evaluation indexes comprise burial depth C1, fault activity C2, reservoir permeability C3, reservoir porosity C4, geothermal condition C5, slope C6, aspect C7, mine location C8, land use C9, surface coverage C10, soil type C11, prevailing wind force C12 ad prevailing wind direction C13; and constructing, according to hierarchy of the influence factors of the evaluation index system, a judgment matrix for calculation and comparison by using an analytic hierarchy process, and obtaining total ranking weights of the last-level index layers relative to the first-level index layer after layer-by-layer iterative calculation.

3. The method for optimizing sensor network node location in geological CO2 storage area according to claim 2, wherein in the step 1), obtaining the sensitivity distribution of the geological CO2 storage area by the GIS spatial analysis specifically comprises the following steps: a, analyzing geological survey data and mine thematic map data to obtain values of porosity, permeability, geothermal condition, burial depth and fault activity influence factors of a coal reservoir and its surrounding rock of the geological CO2 storage area, spatially overlaying the individual influence factors through weighted overlay by the GIS spatial analysis to obtain a potential CO2 leakage channel of the geological CO2 storage area, and performing buffer analysis on the potential CO2 leakage channel to obtain influence degree and spatial distribution status layers of the CO2 leakage; b, confirming geographical location and range of the geological CO2 storage area on the basis of acquired digital elevation model data of the geological CO2 storage area, and collecting natural geographical features of the geological CO2 storage area; performing slope and aspect analysis by using the acquired digital elevation model data to obtain a topographic slope map and a topographic aspect map; and performing grid reclassification on the topographic slope map and the topographic aspect map respectively to obtain a slope grading map and an aspect classification map, wherein classification criteria are: defining a slope of less than 15 as a gentle slope and a slope of more than or equal to 15 as a steep slope in the topographic slope map, and dividing the aspect into 8 directions, southward, northward, eastward, westward, southeastward, southwestward, northeastward and northwestward, in the topographic aspect map; extracting a land use status, a soil resource type and a vegetation coverage status of the geological CO2 storage area on the basis of remote sensing data, confirming relative locations of the geological CO2 storage area, an urban settlement and other anthropogenic CO2 emission sources on site, analyzing distances between the relative locations, and performing grid reclassification on analysis results according to four distance levels to obtain anthropogenic CO2 emission source influence range layers; c, extracting minimum, average and maximum wind speeds in the geological CO2 storage area, coding a prevailing wind direction in the geological CO2 storage area, and generating spatial wind field distribution layers of a windward slope, a leeward slope and a downwind slope in combination with the topographic slope map and the topographic aspect map; then drawing a sector area in downwind direction of a mine as a leakage diffusion accumulation area distribution by taking the location of the mine as an origin and the prevailing wind direction as an axis, the sector area comprising the whole geological CO2 storage area; and d, by using geographic information processing software, performing weighted overlay on the influence degree and spatial distribution status layers of the CO2 leakage, the anthropogenic CO2 emission source influence range layers and the spatial wind field distribution layers of the windward slope, the leeward slope and the downwind slope by the GIS spatial analysis according to the weights obtained by the evaluation index system to calculate a comprehensive leakage monitoring sensitivity index of each evaluation unit respectively to obtain the sensitivity distribution of the geological CO2 storage area, and reclassifying the sensitivity distribution by five levels to obtain a spatial distribution of the sensitivity levels of the geological CO2 storage area, the sensitivity levels being high sensitivity, relatively high sensitivity, normal sensitivity, relatively low sensitivity and low sensitivity, respectively.

4. The method for optimizing sensor network node location in geological CO2 storage area according to claim 1, wherein the step 2) specifically comprises: assuming that each of one or more first sensor nodes implements all-directional monitoring, its coverage is used as a circular area having a sensing radius of r, and each of the one or more first sensor nodes has the same transmitting power, that is, detection radii r of all the sensor nodes are equal; indirectly expressing a coverage density with distance a between the one or more first sensor nodes, increasing by adding second sensor nodes in six directions by taking the first sensor nodes as centers and the distances a between the second sensor nodes as side lengths of grids according to the different sensitivity levels of the geological CO2 storage area to perform regular triangulation on the geological CO2 storage area and satisfy a condition that if the sensitivity level of the geological CO2 storage area is higher, the distance a between the first and second sensor nodes is smaller.

5. The method for optimizing sensor network node location in geological CO2 storage area according to claim 4, wherein the step 3) comprises the following specific steps: a, constructing initial Delaunay triangulation with CO2 injection wells as cluster head nodes, and solving an initial Voronoi domain of the cluster head nodes; b, taking the cluster head nodes as initial growth points, selecting, according to the monitoring sensitivity level of an area where the initial growth points are located, the different distances a between the sensor nodes for grid arrangement, calculating spatial locations of to-be-increased sensor node point sets from six directions by taking equilateral triangles as grid division units and the initial growth points as centers, successively judging whether the to-be-increased sensor node point sets are within the Voronoi domain, adding the sensor nodes falling within the Voronoi domain into a growth point set, and performing sensitivity judgment again on the increased sensor nodes as new growth points till the to-be-increased sensor node point sets of all the growth nodes within the Voronoi domain are outside the Voronoi domain; and c, solving a Delaunay monitoring network optimization coverage control scheme in combination with the cluster head nodes and the sensor nodes.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method for optimizing sensor network node location in geological CO.sub.2 storage area according to the present invention.

(2) FIG. 2 is a technical route diagram about determining a leakage sensitivity partition of the geological CO.sub.2 storage area according to the present invention.

(3) FIG. 3 is a diagram about determining a leakage sensitivity partition of the geological CO.sub.2 storage area according to the present invention.

(4) FIG. 4 is an effect diagram of a high density node arrangement of a variable density sensor node arrangement model according to the present invention.

(5) FIG. 5 is an effect diagram of a relatively high density node arrangement of the variable density sensor node arrangement model according to the present invention.

(6) FIG. 6 is an effect diagram of a normal density node arrangement of the variable density sensor node arrangement model according to the present invention.

(7) FIG. 7 is an effect diagram of a relatively low density node arrangement of the variable density sensor node arrangement model according to the present invention.

(8) FIG. 8 is an effect diagram of a low density node arrangement of the variable density sensor node arrangement model according to the present invention.

(9) FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of variable density network optimization coverage algorithms according to the present invention.

(10) FIG. 10 is an effect diagram of a monitoring network optimization arrangement scenario of a simulation area coal seam CO.sub.2 storage area according to the present invention.

(11) Note: .circle-solid. in the drawings shows arrangement locations of the sensor nodes.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(12) The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

(13) In the present invention, a coal seam CO.sub.2 injection area 5000 m*4000 m in

(14) Qinshui Basin is used as a monitoring simulation area, grids with resolution of 100 m*100 m are used for monitoring sensitivity analysis, 14CH.sub.4 exploited wells are used as cluster head nodes for routine monitoring, sensing radii r of sensor nodes are 100 m, and a monitoring scenario is arranged according to monitoring sensitivity optimization arrangement algorithms.

(15) FIG. 1 shows a main flow diagram of a method for optimizing sensor network node location in geological CO.sub.2 storage area according to the present invention. First, geological, geographical and meteorological data of the geological CO.sub.2 storage area are analyzed to obtain an influence factor set of a CO.sub.2 leakage event of the geological CO.sub.2 storage area and determine weights, and then, a sensitivity distribution of the geological CO.sub.2 storage area is obtained by GIS spatial analysis. Second, coverage control schemes of monitoring sensor network nodes of different densities are designed, and the sensor monitoring nodes are either intensively or sparsely arranged by using network coverage control algorithms for different densities according to different sensitivity levels of the storage area. Finally, Delaunay triangulation is performed on a sensor node set arranged in the geological CO.sub.2 storage area, and the description and optimal expression of a coverage network are completed.

(16) As shown in Table 1, the specific step of determining weights is: constructing an environmental sensitivity influence factor evaluation index system of the geological CO.sub.2 storage area according to the extracted influence factor set of the CO.sub.2 leakage event of the storage area. The evaluation index system consists of a target layer, a criterion layer and a discrimination layer, wherein a first-level evaluation index is monitoring environmental sensitivity A; second-level evaluation indexes included in the first-level evaluation index include geological reservoir B.sub.1, topography B.sub.2, and meteorological wind field B.sub.3; and third-level evaluation indexes included in the second-level evaluation indexes include burial depth C.sub.1, fault activity C.sub.2, reservoir permeability C.sub.3, reservoir porosity C.sub.4, geothermal condition C.sub.5, slope C.sub.6, aspect C.sub.7, mine location C.sub.8, land use C.sub.9, surface coverage C.sub.10, soil type C.sub.11, prevailing wind force C.sub.12 and prevailing wind direction C.sub.13.

(17) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Leakage monitoring sensitivity influence factor system table of geological CO.sub.2 storage area Criterion layer Index layer Data source Geological Burial depth C.sub.1 Geological survey data reservoir B.sub.1 Fault activity C.sub.2 Geological survey data Reservoir permeability C.sub.3 Geological survey data Reservoir porosity C.sub.4 Soil analysis data Geothermal condition C.sub.5 Soil analysis data Topography B.sub.2 Mine location C.sub.6 Thematic map data Slope C.sub.7 Digital elevation model data Aspect C.sub.8 Digital elevation model data Land use C.sub.9 Aerial remote sensing data Surface coverage C.sub.10 Aerial remote sensing data Soil type C.sub.11 Soil analysis data Meteorological Prevailing wind force C.sub.12 Meteorological observation wind field B.sub.3 data Prevailing wind direction Meteorological observation C.sub.13 data

(18) The influence of each influence factor on the sensitivity of the storage area is not the same. According to hierarchy of the influence factors of the evaluation index system, a judgment matrix is constructed by using an analytic hierarchy process for calculation and comparison, and total ranking weights of the last-level index layers relative to the first-level index layer are obtained after layer-by-layer iterative calculation, as shown in Table 2.

(19) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Total ranking weights of third-level index layers (C) Index Weight Index Weight Index Weight Index Weight C.sub.1 0.0177 C.sub.2 0.0632 C.sub.3 0.0325 C.sub.4 0.0304 C.sub.5 0.0199 C.sub.6 0.2109 C.sub.7 0.0435 C.sub.8 0.0436 C.sub.9 0.1215 C.sub.10 0.0867 C.sub.11 0.0329 C.sub.12 0.1486 C.sub.13 0.1486

(20) As shown in FIG. 2, the sensitivity distribution of the geological CO.sub.2 storage area is obtained by the GIS spatial analysis, specifically including the following steps:

(21) a, analyzing geological survey data and mine thematic map data to obtain values of porosity, permeability, geothermal condition, burial depth and fault activity influence factors of a coal reservoir and its surrounding rock of the geological CO.sub.2 storage area, spatially overlaying the individual influence factors through weighted overlay by the GIS spatial analysis to obtain a potential CO.sub.2 leakage channel of the geological CO.sub.2 storage area, and performing buffer analysis on the potential CO.sub.2 leakage channel to obtain influence degree and spatial distribution status layers of the CO.sub.2 leakage;

(22) b, confirming geographical location and range of the geological CO.sub.2 storage area on the basis of acquired digital elevation model data of the geological CO.sub.2 storage area, and collecting natural geographical features of the geological CO.sub.2 storage area; performing slope and aspect analysis by using the acquired digital elevation model data to obtain a topographic slope map and a topographic aspect map; and performing grid reclassification on the topographic slope map and the topographic aspect map respectively to obtain a slope grading map and an aspect classification map, wherein classification criteria are: defining a slope of less than 15 as a gentle slope and a slope of more than or equal to 15 as a steep slope in the topographic slope map, and dividing the aspect into 8 directions, southward, northward, eastward, westward, southeastward, southwestward, northeastward and northwestward, in the topographic aspect map;

(23) extracting a land use status, a soil resource type and a vegetation coverage status of the geological CO.sub.2 storage area on the basis of remote sensing data, confirming relative locations of the geological CO.sub.2 storage area, an urban settlement and other anthropogenic CO.sub.2 emission sources on site, analyzing distances between the relative locations, and performing grid reclassification on analysis results according to four distance levels to obtain anthropogenic CO.sub.2 emission source influence range layers;

(24) c, extracting minimum, average and maximum wind speeds in the geological CO.sub.2 storage area, coding a prevailing wind direction in the geological CO.sub.2 storage area, and generating spatial wind field distribution layers of a windward slope, a leeward slope and a downwind slope in combination with the topographic slope map and the topographic aspect map; then drawing a sector area in downwind direction of a mine as a leakage diffusion accumulation area distribution by taking the location of the mine as an origin and the prevailing wind direction as an axis, the sector area including the whole geological CO.sub.2 storage area; and

(25) d, by using ArcGIS10.2 geographic information processing software, performing weighted overlay on the influence degree and spatial distribution status layers of the CO.sub.2 leakage, the anthropogenic CO.sub.2 emission source influence range layers and the spatial wind field distribution layers of the windward slope, the leeward slope and the downwind slope by the GIS spatial analysis according to the weights obtained by the evaluation index system to calculate a comprehensive leakage monitoring sensitivity index of each evaluation unit respectively to obtain the sensitivity distribution of the geological CO.sub.2 storage area, wherein each grid in the monitoring area is one evaluation unit; and reclassifying the sensitivity distribution by five levels to obtain a spatial distribution of the sensitivity levels of the geological CO.sub.2 storage area, the sensitivity levels being high sensitivity, relatively high sensitivity, normal sensitivity, relatively low sensitivity and low sensitivity, respectively, so as to qualitatively give a leakage monitoring sensitivity quantitative partition scheme of the coal seam CO.sub.2 injection area, as shown in FIG. 3.

(26) According to different sensitivities of the storage area, different network coverage control algorithms are designed to either intensively or sparsely arrange the sensor nodes. If the sensitivity level of the geological CO.sub.2 storage area is higher, the distance a between the sensor nodes is smaller. It is assumed that each sensor node implements all-directional monitoring, its coverage is used as a circular area having a sensing radius of r, and each sensor node has the same transmitting power, that is, detection radii r of all the sensor nodes are equal; a coverage density is indirectly expressed with the distance a between the sensor nodes, and sensor nodes are increased in six directions by taking the sensor nodes as centers and the distances a between the sensor nodes as side lengths of the grids according to the different sensitivities of the geological CO.sub.2 storage area to perform regular triangulation on the geological CO.sub.2 storage area and satisfy a condition that if the sensitivity level of the geological CO.sub.2 storage area is higher, the distance a between the sensor nodes is smaller. That is, high density node arrangement (a=r) is used for a high sensitivity area, as shown in FIG. 4; relatively high density node arrangement (a={square root over (2)}r) is used for a relatively high sensitivity area, as shown in FIG. 5; normal density node arrangement (a={square root over (3)}r) is used for a normal sensitivity area, as shown in FIG. 6; relatively low density node arrangement (a=2r) and low density node arrangement (a=4r) are respectively used for a relatively low sensitivity area and a low sensitivity area, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8. If one needs to know CO.sub.2 concentration of an uncovered area, it may be obtained by spatial interpolation.

(27) As shown in FIG. 9, initial Delaunay triangulation is constructed by using CO.sub.2 injection wells as cluster head nodes, and an initial Voronoi domain of the cluster head nodes is solved; the cluster head nodes are taken as initial growth points, according to the monitoring sensitivity level of an area where the initial growth points are located, the different distances a between the sensor nodes are selected for grid arrangement, spatial locations of to-be-increased sensor node point sets are calculated from six directions by taking equilateral triangles as grid division units and the initial growth points as centers, to successively judge whether the to-be-increased sensor nodes are within the Voronoi, the sensor nodes falling within the Voronoi domain are added into a growth point set, and the sensitivity judgment is performed again on the increased sensor nodes as new growth points till the to-be-increased sensor node point sets of all the growth nodes within the Voronoi domain are outside the Voronoi domain. A Delaunay monitoring network optimization coverage control scheme is solved in combination with the cluster head nodes and the sensor nodes, and the result is shown in FIG. 10.

(28) The foregoing descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that several improvements and modifications to the present invention can be further made by persons of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and the improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.