Device for cooling a turbomachine rotor

Abstract

A device cools a disk of a turbine extending along an axis. The disk includes on its circumference at least one recess surrounded by disk teeth each having an upstream face. The recess includes a bottom in fluid communication with an upstream cavity by way of at least one lunula. The lunula includes lateral surfaces that are inclined with respect to the radial plane which constitutes the plane of symmetry of the recess into which the lunula opens.

Claims

1. A disk of a turbine extending along an axis of the turbine, the disk comprising: at least one recess on a circumference of the disk, the recess being surrounded by disk teeth each having an upstream face, the recess including a bottom in fluid communication with an upstream cavity by way of at least one lunula, the lunula including lateral surface portions, and the recess having a radial plane corresponding to a plane of symmetry of the recess into which the lunula opens, wherein the lateral surface portions are inclined with respect to the radial plane, and the recess extends along an axis inclined by a nonzero broaching angle with respect to the axis of the turbine, the broaching angle being greater than 0 and less than or equal to 20, wherein the lunula includes a pressure side curved portion and a suction side curved portion joining the lateral surface portions and a bottom of said lunula, each curved portion containing a plurality of radii of curvature, and wherein the radii of curvature of the pressure side curved portion are different from the radii of curvature of the suction side curved portion.

2. The disk according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the lunula is located set back in the downstream-ward direction with respect to the upstream faces of the disk teeth.

3. The disk according to claim 2, wherein the boundary between the bottom of the lunula and the bottom of the recess has a broken edge comprising a chamfer, a edge fillet, a rounding, a boss, or an extra thickness.

4. The disk according to claim 3, wherein the broken edge includes the edge fillet which has a varying radius of curvature.

5. The disk according to claim 4, wherein the edge fillet has: a first end, corresponding to an intersection between the edge fillet and a first tooth, and a second end, corresponding to an intersection between the edge fillet and a second tooth, a plurality of radial planes, each radial plane comprising the axis of the turbine and cutting the edge fillet between the first and the second end, and a plurality of radial sections, each radial section being defined by the intersection between an associated radial plane and the edge fillet, each radial section having a radius of curvature of the edge fillet, the radius of curvature of the edge fillet varying between the first and the second end, and wherein the ratio of the longest radius of curvature of the edge fillet to the shortest radius of curvature of said edge fillet is between 2 and 20.

6. The disk according to claim 5, wherein the tangential position of the longest of the radii of curvature of the edge fillet is located at a stress peak of the edge fillet.

7. The disk according to claim 5, wherein the radius of curvature of the edge fillet varies between the first and the second end according to the tangential position of the radius of curvature of the edge fillet.

8. The disk according to claim 2, wherein an axis normal to the bottom of the lunula is defined as being perpendicular to a straight line passing through the ends of the bottom of the lunula, this normal axis being inclined by an angle of inclination with respect to the axis of the turbine in a first direction.

9. The disk according to claim 8, wherein the axis normal to the bottom of the lunula is inclined with respect to the axis of the turbine in a second direction.

10. The disk according to claim 8, wherein a ratio of the angle of inclination of the normal axis with respect to the axis of the turbine in the first direction, to the broaching angle, is between 0.2 and 1.4.

11. The disk according to claim 1, wherein on the pressure side curved portion or the suction side curved portion, a ratio of a longer of the radii of curvature to a shorter of the radii of curvature is between 2 and 13.

12. The disk according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of each of the radii of curvature of the most stressed of the pressure side and suction side curved portions to each of the radii of curvature of the least stressed of the pressure side and suction side curved portions is between 1 and 20.

13. The disk according to claim 1, wherein the broaching angle is between 3 and 16.

14. The disk according to claim 13, wherein the broaching angle is between 6 and 12.

15. The disk according to claim 1, wherein the lateral surface portions of the lunula are curved, and wherein at least one of the lateral surface portions has a radius of curvature between 20 mm and 200 mm.

16. The disk according to claim 15, wherein the lateral surface portions have, at the bottom of the recess, an inclination of less than 20 with respect to a plane passing through a median point of the lunula at the bottom of the recess.

17. The disk according to claim 15, wherein the lateral surface portions have a radially inner end, and wherein the lateral surface portions have, at the radially inner end, an inclination between 15 and 60 with respect to a plane passing through a median point of the lunula at the radially inner end of the lateral surface portions.

18. The disk according to claim 17, wherein the radius of curvature of a lateral surface portion has a maximum value at the recess and a minimum value at the radially inner end of the lateral surface portions.

19. A turbomachine comprising: the disk according to claim 1.

Description

PRESENTATION OF THE FIGURES

(1) Other features and advantages of the invention will become further apparent from the following description, which is purely illustrative and non-limiting, and must be read with reference to the appended figures wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a profile sectional view of a portion of a turbomachine turbine;

(3) FIG. 2 is a 3D model centered on the circumferential profile of a rotor disk;

(4) FIG. 3 is an axial sectional view centered on the assembly area between a rotor disk and a blade;

(5) FIG. 4a is an axial sectional view of a first embodiment of a lunula of the prior art, symbolizing the trajectory of flow of the coolant;

(6) FIG. 4b is a 3D model of a first embodiment of a lunula of the prior art, symbolizing the trajectory of flow of the coolant;

(7) FIG. 5a is a profile sectional view of a second embodiment of the lunula of the prior art, symbolizing the trajectory of flow of the coolant;

(8) FIG. 5b is a 3D model of a second embodiment of a lunula of the prior art, symbolizing the trajectory of flow of the coolant;

(9) FIG. 6a is a schematic profile view of the assembly of a blade in a recess in a first direction;

(10) FIG. 6b is a schematic profile view of the assembly of a blade in a recess in a second direction;

(11) FIG. 7a is a representation of a simulation of the relative total pressure of the coolant in the recesses in the first embodiment of the prior art;

(12) FIG. 7b is a representation of a simulation of the relative total pressure of the coolant in the recesses in the second embodiment of the prior art;

(13) FIG. 8 is a finite element simulation of the distribution of the surface stresses at the lunula/recess interface area;

(14) FIG. 9a is a top sectional partial view of the lunula;

(15) FIG. 9b is a profile sectional partial view centered on the lunula;

(16) FIG. 9c is a profile sectional partial view centered on the lunula;

(17) FIG. 9d is a 3D representation of a portion of a disk centered on the recesses and the lunules;

(18) FIG. 10a is a schematic representation of a front view of a disk portion highlighting a straight lunula embodiment;

(19) FIG. 10b is a schematic representation of a front view of a disk portion highlighting an inclined lunula embodiment as well as the effect on the flow of the stream of such an inclination;

(20) FIG. 11 is a schematic representation of a front view of a disk portion highlighting a curved lunula embodiment;

(21) FIG. 12 represents an edge having an edge fillet, the radius of curvature of which varies in accordance with the invention; more precisely, FIG. 12a represents an edge at the boundary between a lunula and a recess, the edge having a fillet and being cut by two radial planes, FIG. 12b representing a detail view of the edge;

(22) FIG. 13 represents a lunula in accordance with the invention, the lateral surface portions of which are curved.

DESCRIPTION OF ONE OR MORE METHODS OF IMPLEMENTATION AND EMBODIMENTS

(23) The embodiments described below concern the case of a turbine T comprising a series of distributors (or stators) alternated along the axis X of rotation of the turbomachine with a series of movable disks 4 (or rotor). This is however non-limiting, insofar as the turbine T could comprise a different number of stages, and can be single- or multi-stages.

(24) The disks 4 have lunules 14, the geometry of which is optimized to facilitate the flow of the fluid in the cooling circuit and therefore the performance of the cooling system, while minimizing the concentrations of internal stresses in the part at the lunules 14.

(25) With reference to FIG. 9a, the bottom 20 of a lunula 14 extends substantially radially with respect to the axis X of the turbomachine and can be defined by a normal axis n.

(26) As the bottom 20 of the lunula 14 can have a variety of geometries, the normal axis n can be defined as perpendicular to a straight line passing through the ends of the bottom 20 of the lunula 14.

(27) The normal axis n is inclined by an angle with respect to the axis X of the turbomachine around a first radial axis Y of the rotor disk 4.

(28) In certain embodiments, the recesses extend along a broaching axis A which can be inclined by a broaching angle with respect to the axis X of the turbomachine T.

(29) This broaching angle can be between 0 and 20 with respect to the axial direction X, preferably between 3 and 16, in particular between 6 and 12. This inclination can be oriented in all directions, such that the potential orientation of the broaching axis is contained in a cone with an axis parallel to the axis X of the turbomachine and an aperture of 20.

(30) The inclination of the broaching axis A generates an asymmetry of the stresses at the lunula 14.

(31) The wider the broaching angle , the more asymmetrical the distribution of the stresses.

(32) In order to minimize the stresses in the lunules 14, and particularly the stress maxima, the lunules 14 can have an asymmetrical geometry, making it possible to preserve the aerodynamic performance and the technical feasibility of the least charged part while promoting the mechanical performance in the most charged part.

(33) The angle of inclination of the normal n to the lunula 14 with respect to the axis X of the turbomachine thus makes it possible to reduce the effect of asymmetry of the stress distribution, particularly by reducing the stress peak in the most charged area.

(34) The term stress peak is understood to mean a local maximum of stress.

(35) The ratio of the angle of inclination to the broaching angle can be between 0.2 and 1.4.

(36) The closer the angle of inclination to the broaching angle , the more the dissymmetry of the stresses is attenuated.

(37) The normal n to the lunula 14 can be contained in a plane orthogonal to a radius issuing from the axis X of the turbomachine, the angle of inclination being expressed in this plane.

(38) The lunula 14 is also delimited by lateral surface portions 21 extending substantially radially, and two so-called pressure side 22a and so-called suction side 22b curved surface portions joining the bottom 20 of the lunula 14 and the lateral surfaces 21 of the lunula 14. The curved surface portions respectively pressure side 22a and suction side 22b correspond here to a surface portion arranged respectively on the pressure side and suction side of the vane of the blade 2 assembled in the corresponding recess 5.

(39) The pressure side 22a and suction side 22b curved surface portions of the lunules 14 have radii of curvature R1, R1 maximized to minimize the stress concentration coefficients.

(40) Each curved portion 22a and 22b can contain several different radii of curvature R1, R1 according to the location of the point in question.

(41) Due to the asymmetrical concentration of the stresses at the lunules 14, a symmetrical geometry of the lunula 14 could fail to have any significant effect on the reduction of the maximum stress peak simulated in the disk 4 at the lunula 14.

(42) For this reason, each of the curved surface portions 22a and 22b has a radius of curvature R1, R1 that can be fixed or variable, the radius of curvature R1 of the pressure side curved portion 22a being able to be identical to or different from the radius of curvature R1 of the suction side curved portion 22b.

(43) As a function of the broaching angle , one among the pressure side curved portion 22a and the suction side curved portion 22b can be more charged by stress than the other.

(44) In the example illustrated in FIG. 9a, the inclination of the broaching axis A with respect to the axis X of the turbomachine generates a stress distribution in the lunula 14 in which the suction side curved portion 22b is the most charged.

(45) Obviously, for an opposite value of broaching angle , the stress distribution obtained would have higher stresses in the pressure side curved portion 22a than in the suction side curved portion 22b.

(46) The greater the broaching angle , the greater the tangential distance of the stress peak from a median point of the lunula 14 and the more asymmetrical the stress distribution.

(47) The term median point of the lunula 14 is understood to mean a point of the lunula 14 located equidistantly from the suction side curved portion 22b and the pressure side curved portion 22a.

(48) The term tangentially is understood to mean a tangential direction issuing from a radius, and which is orthogonal to said radius and to the axis X of the turbomachine.

(49) For a zero broaching angle , the stress distribution would be symmetrical.

(50) As a function of the configuration of the broaching angle D, and thus of the position of the stress peak, the most charged curved portion 22a, 22b has greater radii of curvature than the least charged curved portion.

(51) The ratio of a radius of curvature R1, R1 of one of the most charged curved portions 22a, 22b to a radius of curvature of a lightly-charged curved portion can be between 1 and 20.

(52) More particularly, the wider the broaching angle , the greater the ratio of the greatest radius of curvature R1, R1 of the most charged curved portion 22a, 22b to the smallest radius of curvature of the least charged curved portion.

(53) In the illustrated example, the ratio of the greatest radius of curvature of the suction side curved portion 22b to the smallest radius of curvature of the pressure side curved portion 22a is between 4 and 6, for example 5.

(54) Such a configuration makes it possible to minimize the stress concentration coefficients and to decrease the intensity of the stress peak and the stresses in the lunula 14.

(55) A same curved portion 22a, 22b can have different radii of curvature, distributed as a function of the position of the stress peak. The closest radius of curvature to the stress peak is the greatest, in such a way as to minimize the stress concentration coefficient at the most critical point.

(56) The radius of curvature R1, R1 over one and the same curved portion 22a, 22b can vary from 1.5 mm in a lightly-charged area to 20 mm in a heavily-charged area.

(57) Over one and the same curved portion 22a, 22b, the ratio of the shortest radius of curvature to the longest radius of curvature can thus be between 2 and 13.

(58) This notably makes it possible to optimize the mechanical characteristics in the critical areas, and the manufacturing and the aerodynamic performance in the less charged areas of one and the same curved portion 22a, 22b.

(59) In the illustrated example, the radius of curvature R1 of the suction side curved portion 22b can vary between 1.65 mm and 10 mm, for a disk 4 having an outer diameter of 370 mm. The ratio of the longest radius of curvature R1 to the shortest radius of curvature can be between 5 and 7.

(60) The outer diameter of a disk 4 is expressed at the outer boundary of the teeth 6. The different dimensions of the lunules 14 vary as a function of the diameter of the disk 4.

(61) With reference to FIG. 9b, the normal axis n is inclined by an angle with respect to the axis X of the turbomachine around the second radial axis Z of the rotor disk 4.

(62) In an embodiment, the second radial axis Z is a tangential axis perpendicular to the first radial axis Y.

(63) With reference to FIG. 9c, a critical factor for the concentration of stresses at the lunula 14 is the presence of a sharp edge 19 between the lunula 14 and the recess 5.

(64) This edge 19 can have a geometry designed to reduce the stress concentration factor in this area.

(65) This geometry can comprise a chamfer, a fillet, a rounding, a boss, an extra thickness or any mechanical or thermal processing used to reduce the maximum stress peak measured in the area of the lunula or to locally improve the mechanical characteristics of the part.

(66) In the case of an edge fillet, the fillet can have a radius of curvature r that varies with the point of the fillet. This embodiment makes it possible to significantly reduce the phenomenon of stress concentration in the area of the lunula 14.

(67) The fillet has: a first end, corresponding to an intersection between the fillet and a first tooth, and a second end, corresponding to an intersection between the fillet and a second tooth. a plurality of radial planes, each radial plane comprising the axis X and cutting the fillet between the first and the second end, and a plurality of radial sections, each radial section being defined by the intersection between an associated radial plane and the fillet.

(68) Each radial section has a curvature. The curvature of said sections varies between the first and the second end. Notably, the radius of curvature r of the radial sections of the edge fillet varies according to the tangential position of the radius of curvature r of the edge fillet. For example, FIG. 12a illustrates two radial sections S1 and S2 defined by the intersection between two associated radial planes P1 and P2 and the fillet. As can be seen in FIG. 12b, the radii of curvature r1, r2 of these radial sections S1, S2 are different.

(69) The area of the fillet the closest to the stress peak has the radius of curvature r of the longest edge fillet. More precisely, as a function of the broaching angle , the position of the stress peak can be closer to the first end of the edge fillet (or the second end, respectively). In this case, the radius of curvature of the edge fillet in the area adjacent to this first end must therefore be longer (or shorter, respectively) than that of the edge fillet in the area adjacent to the second end.

(70) Consequently, the tangential position of the radius of curvature r of the longest edge fillet is a function of the broaching angle .

(71) The more a point of the fillet is charged, the greater the radius of curvature r of the edge fillet at this point. The distribution of the radii of curvature r of the edge fillet depends on the distribution of the stresses on the edge 19.

(72) The ratio of the longest radius of curvature r of the edge fillet to the shortest radius of curvature of said edge fillet can be between 2 and 20, for example 5.

(73) The shortest of the radii of curvature r of the edge fillet can be between 0.5 mm and 2.5 mm, for example between 0.8 and 1.5 mm for a disk 4 with an outer diameter of 370 mm having a recess bottom with a radius of curvature of 4 mm.

(74) The longest of the radii of curvature r of the edge fillet can be between 2 mm and 10 mm, for example between 3.5 mm and 7 mm for a disk with an outer diameter of 370 mm having a recess bottom 10 with a radius of curvature of 4 mm.

(75) The geometry of the edge 19, and therefore of the fillet, varies as a function of the diameter of the disk 4 and the radius of curvature of the recess bottom 10.

(76) Such a configuration makes it possible to reduce the stress concentration coefficient in the most charged areas and therefore to decrease the stress levels, and the stress peak.

(77) In addition to the stress concentration in the lunula 14, this modification makes it possible to reduce the criticality of the part in a standard established by a consortium of engine manufacturers (Rotor Integrity Sub-Committee (RISC)).

(78) This rating (RoMan) associates a degree of criticality to a part as a function of the geometrical elements it has, and is used to determine the manufacturing method that will be applied to produce this part.

(79) The lower the criticality, the less stringent, and thus less expensive, the manufacturing methods.

(80) The removal of a sharp edge 19 in favor of an edge 19 with a fillet makes it possible to reduce the criticality of the disk 4. Reduction of the criticality of the disk 4 makes it possible to produce it by methods which are simpler to implement, and to reduce its manufacturing cost.

(81) In an embodiment illustrated in FIG. 9d, the lateral surface portions 21 of the lunula 14 are inclined (angle ) with respect to the radial plane which constitutes the plane of symmetry of the recess 5 into which the lunula 14 opens.

(82) Specifically, despite the position of the lunules 14 set back from the upstream surfaces 16 of the disk teeth 6, a difference in tangential speed remains between the cooling stream F and the recesses 5. The cooling stream F first circulates axially to reach the upstream cavity 15, then radially to reach the lunules 14 and finally axially to enter the recesses 5 despite the tangential speed of the latter due to the rotation of the disks 4.

(83) With reference to FIG. 10a, at the opening upstream of a lunula 14, the coolant circulates at a tangential speed V1 whereas the point of the disk 4 at this radius has a tangential speed V2 greater than that of the fluid.

(84) The fluid therefore has a relative speed V3 with respect to the disk 4, oriented inversely with respect to the speed V1 of the disk 4 at this point.

(85) The fluid therefore circulates with respect to the disk 4 in the reverse direction to the rotation of the disk 4.

(86) Consequently, to reduce the effect i of the bend in the stream of coolant, the lateral walls of the lunules 14 are inclined (angle ) with respect to a radial plane Ps corresponding to a plane of symmetry of the recess 5.

(87) The inclination of the lateral surface portions 21 of the lunules 14 (angle ) lessens the bend in the direction of the cooling stream F at the lunula 14. It promotes its admission into the recess 5 by decreasing the singular charge loss in this area, thereby increasing the effectiveness of the cooling system.

(88) The direction of inclination is chosen as a function of the desired direction of rotation for the disk 4 in operation in order to decrease the bend that the cooling stream F must cross.

(89) With reference to FIG. 11, in order to limit the effect of the bends in the flow, the lateral surface portions 21 of the lunules 14 can have a curvature, thereby allowing the decrease of the singular charge losses in the ventilation circuit and thus increasing its performance.

(90) This curvature can be a simple curvature or a more complex curvature (with a twist for example).

(91) The curvature of the lateral surface portions 21 can be constant or have a variable radius of curvature configured to minimize the charge losses along the lunula 14.

(92) The curvature of the lateral surface portions 21 makes it possible to further reduce the effect i in the bend of the coolant stream.

(93) Specifically, the inclination of the lateral surface portions 21 of the lunules 14 cannot exceed a certain limit due to the geometrical features of the disk 4, its manufacturing process and the mechanical characteristics to be complied with.

(94) A curvature makes it possible to reduce the effect of the bend in the coolant stream while also reducing the inclination of the lateral surface portions 21 for an equal effect.

(95) The lateral surface portions 21 can have, at the bottom 10 of the recess, an inclination of less than 20 with respect to a radial plane P3, passing through a median point of the lunula 14, preferably an inclination of less than 10.

(96) The term radial plane P3 is understood to mean the plane passing through the median plane of the lunula 14 at the bottom 10 of the recess and containing the axis X of the turbomachine. The median point of the lunula 14 corresponds here to the point located at the bottom 10 of the recess and equidistant from the lateral surface portions 21. Such a median point has been illustrated by way of example in FIG. 12.

(97) The inclination of the lateral surface portions 21 at the recess bottom 10 promotes the entrance of the cooling stream into the recess 5.

(98) The lateral surface portions 21 have one end which is radially inner with respect to the axis of the turbomachine.

(99) The lateral surface portions 21 can have, at their inner end, an inclination between 15 and 60 with respect to a radial plane P4, where the plane P4 passes through a median point of the lunula 14 at the radially inner end of the lateral surface portions 21 and comprising the axis X, in such a way as to promote the entrance of the cooling stream into the lunula 14.

(100) The term median point is understood to mean the median point of the lunula 14 at the radially inner end of the lateral surface portions 21, the point located at the inner end of the lateral surface portions 21 and equidistant from the lateral surface portions 21.

(101) In a plane normal to the axis X of the turbomachine and passing through a lateral surface portion 21, the radius of curvature R of the lateral surface portion 21 can be between 20 mm and 200 mm. The radius of curvature R of the lateral surface portion 21 can be constant, and have for example a value of 50 mm.

(102) In a variant, the radius of curvature R of the lateral surface portion 21 can vary and have a maximum value in the most stressed area, at the recess 5, in such a way as to minimize the concentrations of stresses and a minimum value at the radially inner end of the lateral surface portions 21, in such a way as to minimize the effect i of the bend of the cooling stream entering into the lunula 14.

(103) The decrease in charge losses in the cooling system makes it possible to improve its performance, thus increasing the lifetime of the disks 4 and the blades 2.

(104) This decrease in charge losses also makes it possible to reduce the flow rate of the stream bled upstream of the turbine to feed the cooling system, thus minimizing the effect of the cooling system on the performance of the turbomachine.