Compound with effects of thrombolysis, free radical scavenging and thrombus-targeting
10806798 ยท 2020-10-20
Assignee
Inventors
Cpc classification
A61P29/00
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61P25/18
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61K47/64
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61K47/542
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61P9/10
HUMAN NECESSITIES
C07K5/0821
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C07K5/0806
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
A61P25/28
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61K47/6929
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61P7/02
HUMAN NECESSITIES
International classification
A61K47/64
HUMAN NECESSITIES
Abstract
The present invention discloses a novel compound with effects of thrombolysis, free radical scavenging and thrombus-targeting, as well as a preparation method and use thereof. The compound is a ternary conjugate formed by conjugating a thrombolytic peptide, a free radical scavenger and a thrombus-targeting/antithrombotic peptide together via a linking arm. The present invention also discloses a pharmaceutical composition containing the compounds, wherein the compounds form a nanospherical structure.
Claims
1. A ternary conjugate having the following formula Ie: ##STR00013##
2. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the ternary conjugate according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
3. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 2, wherein the ternary conjugate is in the form of a nanospherical structure.
4. A method of treating stroke or cerebral infarction, the method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the ternary conjugate of claim 1.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the ternary conjugate is administered after three hours from an onset of symptoms.
6. A method for performing thrombolysis, NO free radical scavenging, or antithrombotic therapy in a subject, the method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the ternary conjugate of claim 1.
Description
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
(41) The present invention will now be described in connection with the following specific examples, and the advantages and features thereof will become apparent in view of the description. These examples are merely illustrative and in no way limit the scope of the present invention. A person skilled in the art can understand that modification or substitution may be made in details and formality of the technical solutions of the present invention without deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.
(42) Preparation of Imidazolines Having NO Free Radical Scavenging Activity: 1,3-Dioxo-2-[(4-Oxyacetoxy)Phenyl]-4,4,5,5-Tetramethylimidazoline
Example 1. Preparation of 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane
(43) 69 g (0.78 mol) 2-nitropropane was added to a 130 ml aqueous solution of NaOH (6N). 20 ml (0.38 mol) Br.sub.2 was added dropwise under stirring on an ice salt bath within 1 h. After completion of Br.sub.2 addition, 240 mL ethanol was added thereto and refluxed at 90 C. for 3 h. The reaction solution, while still hot, was instantly poured into 800 ml ice water, and then filtered to afford 55 g of the title compound (81%) as a colorless flaky crystal, Mp 110-112 C.
Example 2. Preparation of 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydroxyaminobutane
(44) 7 g (40 mmol) 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane and 4 g NH.sub.4Cl were mixed and suspended in a 80 mL aqueous solution of ethanol (50%) and stirred on ice bath, into which 16 g zinc powder was added within 3 h. After the addition of zinc powder was completed, the ice bath was removed, and the reaction continued for 3 h at room temperature (RT) under stirring, and then the reaction mixture was vacuum filtered. The filter cake was washed repeatedly with ethanol aqueous solution (50%). The filtrate and the washing liquid were combined, adjusted to pH=2 with conc. HCl, and then distilled under reduced pressure into a slurry. After addition of an appropriate amount of potassium carbonate, the slurry was evenly mixed and extracted for 6 h by using a Soxhlet extractor with chloroform as the extractant. The extract was concentrated under reduced pressure into a small amount, into which petroleum ether was added to precipitate 2.60 g of the title compound (44%) as a colorless crystal, Mp 157-159 C.
Example 3. Preparation of 1,3-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidizolidine
(45) 1.22 g (10 mmol) p-hydroxy benzaldehyde and 1.48 g (10 mmol) 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydroxyaminobutane were dissolved in 10 mL methanol and stirred at RT for 8 h until the starting material spot disappeared as shown by TLC. Upon vacuum filtration, 1.29 g (51%) title compound was obtained as a colorless crystal. EI-MS (m/z) 252 [M].sup.+. .sup.1H-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) (ppm)=1.03 (s, 6H), 1.05 (s, 6H), 4.39 (s, 1H), 6.70 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 7.23 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.85 (s, 2H).
Example 4. Preparation of 1,3-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
(46) 504 mg (2 mmol) 1,3-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-imidizolidine were dissolved in 30 mL methanol followed by addition of 3 g PbO.sub.2, and stirred at RT for 40 min until the starting material spot disappeared as shown by TLC. After removal of solids by vacuum filtration, the filtrate was distilled until dry under reduced pressure at RT, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (with chloroform as the eluent) to afford 260 mg (52%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 134-135 C., EI-MS (m/z) 249 [M].sup.+. IR (KBr) 3250, 1610, 1500, 1490, 840.
Example 5. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-(4-(oxyacetate ethyl ester)-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
(47) 250 mg (1 mmol) 1,3-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline, 0.32 mL ethyl bromoacetate and 32 mg NaH were dissolved in 5 mL anhydrous THF. The mixture was stirred at 60 C. for 5 h until the starting material spot disappeared as shown by TLC. After filtration under reduced pressure at RT, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure till dry, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (ethyl acetate:petroleum ether=1:5) to give 300 mg (90%) of the target compound, MP 107-109 C.
Example 6. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-(4-oxyacetoxy-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline (TMMZ)
(48) 7 drops of a NaOH (2N) aqueous solution was added into a solution of 33 mg (0.1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-(4-(oxyacetate ethyl ester)-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline in 3 mL methanol, followed by stirring at RT for 30 min until the starting material spot disappeared as shown by TLC. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was diluted by addition of 2 mL saturated saline, adjusted to pH 6 with 2N HCl, and then extrated 3 times with ethyl acetate (3 ml3). The layers of ethyl acetate phase were combined and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure at RT till dry to afford 30 mg (99%) of the title compound as blue crystal. Mp 155-157 C. EI-MS (m/z) 307 [M].sup.+.
(49) Coupling the Imidazolines Having NO Free Radical Scavenging Activity with a Linking Arm: 1,3-Dioxo-2-[(4-Oxyacetyl-Lys-OMe)Phenyl]-4,4,5,5-Tetramethylimidazoline
Example 7. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-[(4-oxyacetyl-NO-Boc-Lys-OMe)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
(50) A solution of 307 mg (1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-(4-oxyacetyl-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline in 30 ml anhydrous THF was stirred on an ice bath, into which 250 mg (1.2 mmol) DCC and 135 mg (1 mmol) HOBt were added and stirred on an ice bath for 10 min. Then a solution prepared with 300 mg (1 mmol) HCl.Math.Lys(Boc)-Ome, 122 mg (1 mmol) N-methylmorpholine and 6 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto, and the reaction mixture was reacted at RT for 24 h. TLC (ethyl acetate:petroleum ether=2:1) showed disappearance of HCl.Math.Lys(Boc)-Ome. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure till dry, the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and insoluble material was removed by filtration. The filtrate was sequentially washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate and with a saturated aqueous solution of NaCl, the separated ethyl acetate phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered, and the filtrate was then concentrated under reduce pressure at 37 C. (these operations were hereinafter referred to as a generic routine procedure). The residue was purified by column chromatography (ethyl acetate:petroleum ether=2:1) to give 433 mg (65%) of the title compound as blue solid. ESI-MS(m/z) 550 [M+H].sup.+.
Example 8. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-[(4-oxyacetyl-Lys-OMe)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
(51) 625 mg (1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-[(4-oxyacetyl-NO-Boc-Lys-OMe)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline was dissolved in 15 mL anhydrous hydrogen chloride-ethyl acetate (4N) and stirred at RT for 3 h until the starting material spot disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was then subjected to the routine procedure. The residue was crystallized in anhydrous ethyl ether to afford the title compound.
(52) Preparation of the Peptide Having Thrombolytic Activity: Properly Protected ARPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 4)
Example 9. Preparation of Boc-Ala-Lys(Z)-OBzl
(53) 473 mg (2.5 mmol) Boc-Ala was dissolved in 10 ml anhydrous THF. A solution prepared with 338 mg (2.5 mmol) HOBt, 619 mg (3 mmol) DCC and 10 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto on an ice bath. The reaction mixture was stirred on the ice bath for 20 min before a solution prepared with 936 mg (2.3 mmol) HCl.Math.Lys(Z)-Obzl, 232 mg (2.3 mmol) N-methyl morpholine and 6 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto. The resultant reaction mixture reacted at RT for 24 h until HCl.Math.Lys(Z)-Obzl disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH=30:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to give 1.204 g (97%) of the title compound as colorless solid. Mp 88-90 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=29.2 (c=0.1, MeOH). ESI-MS(m/z) 565 [M+Na].sup.+.
Example 10. Preparation of HCl.Math.Ala-Lys(Z)-OBzl
(54) 1.354 g (2.5 mmol) Boc-Ala-Lys(Z)-Obzl was dissolved in approximately 10 ml solution of anhydrous hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (4N) and stirred at RT for 3 h until the starting material spot disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 30:1). The reaction mixture solution was concentrated under reduced pressure at RT, and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and then concentrated at RT; the above process was repeated for several times until all free hydrogen chloride was removed (these operations are hereinafter referred to as a routine procedure). The residue was crystallized in anhydrous ethyl ether to afford the title compound which was directly used in the reaction of the next step.
Example 11. Preparation of Boc-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)-OBzl
(55) 538 mg (2.5 mmol) Boc-Pro was dissolved in an appropriate amount of anhydrous THF followed by addition of 338 mg (2.5 mmol) HOBt and 619 mg (3 mmol) DCC in anhydrous THF on an ice bath, and then reacted for 20 min. To this solution, a solution prepared with 1.099 g (2.3 mmol) HCl.Math.Ala-Lys(Z)-Obzl and 232 mg (2.3 mmol) N-methyl morpholine in 10 mL anhydrous THF was added, and the reaction was carried out at RT for 24 h. TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1) showed disappearance of the starting material spot. The reaction compounds were subjected to the routine procedure to afford 2.847 g (98%) title compound, Mp 82-83 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=46.4 (c=0.11, MeOH). ESI-MS(m/z) 661 [M+Na].sup.+.
Example 12. Preparation of HCl.Math.Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)-OBzl
(56) 1.596 g (2.5 mmol) Boc-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)-Obzl was dissolved in a 15 mL solution of anhydrous hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (4N) and stirred at RT for 3 h until the starting material spot disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure, and the residue was crystallized in anhydrous ethyl ether to give the title compound which was directly used in the reaction of the next step.
Example 13. Preparation of Boc-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)-OBzl
(57) On an ice bath, a solution of 798 mg (2.5 mmol) Boc-Arg(NO.sub.2), 338 mg (2.5 mmol) HOBt, 619 mg (3 mmol) DCC in 10 mL anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, into which a solution prepared with 1.322 g (2.3 mmol) HCl.Math.Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)-Obzl and 232 mg (2.3 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added and the reaction was carried out at RT for 24 hours until the starting material spot disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The routine procedure was carried out to give 1.642 g (85%) of the title compound. Mp 84-85 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=65.0 (c=0.13, MeOH). ESI-MS (m/z) 864 [M+Na].sup.+.
Example 14. Preparation of HCl.Math.Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)-OBzl
(58) 2.099 g (2.5 mmol) Boc-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)-OBzl was dissolved in a 20 mL solution of anhydrous hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (4N) and stirred at RT for 3 h until the starting material spot disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure, and the residue was crystallized in anhydrous ethyl ether to give the title compound which was directly used in the reaction of the next step.
Example 15. Preparation of Boc-Ala-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)-OBzl
(59) On an ice bath, a solution of 473 mg (2.5 mmol) Boc-Ala, 338 mg (2.5 mmol) HOBt, 619 mg (3 mmol) DCC in 10 mL anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, into which a solution prepared with 1.785 g (2.3 mmol) HCl.Math.Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)-Obzl, 232 mg (2.3 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added and the reaction was carried out for 24 hours to give 1.802 g (86%) of the title compound. Mp 87-89 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=63.9 (c=0.12, MeOH). ESI-MS (m/e) 934 [M+Na].sup.+.
Example 16. Preparation of Boc-Ala-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)
(60) 921 mg (1 mmol) Boc-Ala-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)-OBzl was dissolved in 3 mL methanol, into which a NaOH aqueous solution (2N) was added on an ice bath and stirred at RT for 30 min. With pH maintained at 12, the reaction was stirred on the ice bath for 10 min until the starting material spot disappeared as shown by TLC. pH was adjusted to 7 with 2N HCl, and the reaction liquid was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with 2 mL saturated saline and adjusted to pH 2 with 2N HCl, and then extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate (5 mL3). The layers of ethyl acetate phase were combined and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure at RT to afford 767 mg (80%) of title compound as colorless solid. EI-MS (m/z) 830 [MH].sup..
(61) Preparation of Thrombus Targeting/Anti-Thrombus Peptide: Properly Protected RGDS (SEQ. ID NO. 11), RGDV (SEQ. ID NO. 12), RGDF (SEQ. ID NO. 13)
Example 17. Preparation of Boc-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-OBzl
(62) On an ice bath, a solution of 808 mg (2.5 mmol) Boc-Asp(OBzl), 338 mg (2.5 mmol) HOBt, 619 mg (3 mmol) DCC in 10 mL anhydrous THF was stirred and reacted for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 740 mg (2.3 mmol) HCl.Math.Ser(Bzl)-Obzl, 232 mg (2.3 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction compounds were subjected to the routine procedure to afford 1.29 g (95%) of the title compound as colorless oily matter. ESI-MS(m/z) 591 [M+H].sup.+.
Example 18. Preparation of HCl.Math.Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-OBzl
(63) 1.477 g (2.5 mmol) Boc-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-Obzl was dissolved in a 15 mL solution of anhydrous hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (4N) and stirred at RT for 3 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure, and the residue was crystallized in anhydrous ethyl ether to give the title compound which was directly used in the reaction of the next step.
Example 19. Preparation of Boc-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-OBzl
(64) On an ice bath, a solution of 438 mg (2.5 mmol) Boc-Gly, 338 mg (2.5 mmol) HOBt, 619 mg (3 mmol) DCC in 10 mL anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 1.212 g (2.3 mmol) HCl.Math.Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-Obzl and 232 mg (2.3 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to afford 1.461 g (98%) of the title compound as colorless solid. Mp 53-55 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=23.7 (c=0.13, MeOH). ESI-MS (m/z) 649 [M+H].sup.+.
Example 20. Preparation of HCl.Math.Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-OBzl
(65) 1.619 g (2.5 mmol) Boc-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-Obzl was dissolved in a 15 mL solution of anhydrous hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (4N) and stirred at RT for 3 h until the starting material spot disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure, and the residue was crystallized in anhydrous ethyl ether to give the title compound which was directly used in the reaction of the next step.
Example 21. Preparation of Boc-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-OBzl
(66) On an ice bath, a solution of 798 mg (2.5 mmol) Boc-Arg(NO.sub.2), 338 mg (2.5 mmol) HOBt, 619 mg (3 mmol) DCC in 10 mL anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 1.343 g (2.3 mmol) HCl.Math.Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-Obzl and 232 mg (2.3 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). After the routine procedure, 1.66 g (85%) of the title compound was obtained as colorless solid. Mp 74-75 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=26.2 (c=0.12, MeOH). ESI-MS(m/z) 872 [M+Na].sup.+.
Example 22. Preparation of HCl.Math.Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-OBzl
(67) A mixture of 2.122 g (2.5 mmol) Boc-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-Obzl and a 20 mL solution of hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (4N) was stirred at RT for 3 h until the starting material spot disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3: MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure, the residue was crystallized in anhydrous ethyl ether to afford the title compound.
Example 23. Preparation of Boc-Asp(OBzl)-Val-OBzl
(68) On an ice bath, a solution of 808 mg (2.5 mmol) Boc-Asp(OBzl), 338 mg (2.5 mmol) HOBt, 619 mg (3 mmol) DCC in 10 ml anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 558 mg (2.3 mmol) HCl.Math.Val-Obzl and 232 mg (2.3 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to afford 1.129 g (96%) of the title compound as colorless oily liquid. ESI-MS(m/z) 512 [M+H].sup.+.
Example 24. Preparation of HCl.Math.Asp(OBzl)-Val-OBzl
(69) 1.278 g (2.5 mmol) Boc-Asp(OBzl)-Val-OBzl was dissolved in a 15 mL solution of anhydrous hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (4N) and stirred at RT for 3 h until the starting material spot disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure, and the residue was crystallized in anhydrous ethyl ether to give the title compound which was directly used in the reaction of the next step.
Example 25. Preparation of Boc-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Val-OBzl
(70) On an ice bath, a solution of 438 mg (2.5 mmol) Boc-Gly, 338 mg (2.5 mmol) HOBt, 619 mg (3 mmol) DCC in 10 ml anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 1.03 g (2.3 mmol) HCl.Math.Asp(OBzl)-Val-Obzl and 232 mg (2.3 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to afford 1.242 g (95%) of the title compound as colorless solid. Mp 66-68 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=43.8 (c=0.11, MeOH). ESI-MS(m/z) 592 [M+Na].sup.+.
Example 26. Preparation of HCl.Math.Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Val-OBzl
(71) 1.421 g (2.5 mmol) Boc-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Val-OBzl was dissolved in a 15 mL solution of anhydrous hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (4N) and stirred at RT for 3 h until the starting material spot disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure, and the residue was crystallized in anhydrous ethyl ether to give the title compound which was directly used in the reaction of the next step.
Example 27. Preparation of Boc-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Val-OBzl
(72) On an ice bath, a solution of 798 mg (2.5 mmol) Boc-Arg(NO.sub.2), 338 mg (2.5 mmol) HOBt, 619 mg (3 mmol) DCC in 10 ml anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 1.162 g (2.3 mmol) HCl.Math.Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Val-Obzl and 232 mg (2.3 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to afford 1.523 g (86%) of the title compound as colorless solid. Mp 107-109 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=38.0 (c=0.12, MeOH). ESI-MS(m/z) 793 [M+Na].sup.+.
Example 28. Preparation of HCl.Math.Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Val-OBzl
(73) 1.925 g (2.5 mmol) Boc-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Val-OBzl was dissolved in a 20 mL solution of anhydrous hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (4N) and stirred at RT for 3 h until the starting material spot disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure, and the residue was crystallized in anhydrous ethyl ether to give the title compound.
Example 29. Preparation of Boc-Asp(OBzl)-Phe-OBzl
(74) On an ice bath, a solution of 808 mg (2.5 mmol) Boc-Asp(OBzl), 338 mg (2.5 mmol) HOBt, 619 mg (3 mmol) DCC in 10 ml anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 668 mg (2.3 mmol) HCl.Phe-Obzl and 232 mg (2.3 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). After the routine procedure, 1.222 g (95%) of the title compound was obtained as colorless solid. Mp 79-80.sup. C.. [].sub.D.sup.20=24.2 (c=0.13, MeOH), ESI-MS(m/z) 561 [M+H].sup.+.
Example 30. Preparation of HCl.Math.Asp(OBzl)-Phe-OBzl
(75) 1.398 g (2.5 mmol) Boc-Asp(OBzl)-Phe-OBzl was dissolved in a 15 mL solution of anhydrous hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (4N) and stirred at RT for 3 h until the starting material spot disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure, and the residue was crystallized in anhydrous ethyl ether to give the title compound which was directly used in the reaction of the next step.
Example 31. Preparation of Boc-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Phe-OBzl
(76) On an ice bath, a solution of 438 mg (2.5 mmol) Boc-Gly, 338 mg (2.5 mmol) HOBt, 619 mg (3 mmol) DCC in anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 1.141 g (2.3 mmol) HCl.Math.Asp(OBzl)-Phe-Obzl and 232 mg (2.3 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to afford 1.29 g (91%) of the title compound as colorless solid. Mp 70-71 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=22.5 (c=0.14, MeOH). ESI-MS(m/z) 640 [M+Na].sup.+.
Example 32. Preparation of HCl.Math.Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Phe-OBzl
(77) 1.541 g (2.5 mmol) Boc-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Phe-OBzl was dissolved in a 15 mL solution of anhydrous hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (4N) and stirred at RT for 3 h until the starting material spot disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure, and the residue was crystallized in anhydrous ethyl ether to give the title compound which was directly used in the reaction of the next step.
Example 33. Boc-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Phe-OBzl
(78) On an ice bath, a solution of 798 mg (2.5 mmol) Boc-Arg(NO.sub.2), 338 mg (2.5 mmol) HOBt, 619 mg (3 mmol) DCC in 10 ml anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 1.272 g (2.3 mmol) HCl.Math.Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Phe-Obzl and 232 mg (2.3 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to afford 1.637 g (87%) of the title compound as colorless solid. Mp 77-79 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=22.6 (c=0.09, MeOH). ESI-MS(m/z) 841 [M+Na].sup.+.
Example 34. Preparation of HCl.Math.Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Phe-OBzl
(79) 2.045 g (2.5 mmol) Boc-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Phe-OBzl was dissolved in a 15 mL solution of anhydrous hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (4N) and stirred at RT for 3 h until the starting material spot disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure, and the residue was crystallized in anhydrous ethyl ether to give the title compound.
(80) Preparation of Ternary Conjugates of ARPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 4)/Imidazoline/RGD (Compounds of General Formula I-1-1): Ia, Ib, Ic
Example 35. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.SUP..-[Boc-Ala-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-OMe}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
(81) On an ice bath, a solution of 821 mg (1 mmol) Boc-Ala-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z), 135 mg (1 mmol) HOBt and 250 mg (1 mmol) DCC in 10 mL anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 480 mg (1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-[(4-oxyacetyl-Lys-OMe)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline and 100 mg (1 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 40:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to afford 925 mg (83%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 179-182 C. [].sub.D.sup.20 =34.3 (c=0.14, MeOH), ESI-MS(m/z) 1275 [M+Na].sup.+. IR (KBr) 3319, 2935, 1658, 1531, 1448, 1363, 1254, 1168, 1053, 835, 749, 540 cm.sup.1.
Example 36. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.SUP..-[Boc-Ala-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
(82) On an ice bath, 1260 mg (1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Ala-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-OMe}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline was dissolved in 3 ml methanol followed by addition of a NaOH aqueous solution (2N), and then stirred at RT for 30 min. With pH maintained at 12, the reaction was stirred on the ice bath for 10 min until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC. With pH adjusted to 7 with 2N HCl, the reaction liquid was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was diluted in 2 mL saturated saline, adjusted to pH 2 with 2N HCl, and then extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate (5 mL3). The combined ethyl acetate phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure at RT to afford 945 mg (82%) of the title compound as blue solid. EI-MS (m/z) 1238 [MH].sup..
Example 37. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.SUP..-[Boc-Ala-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.SUB.2.)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline
(83) On an ice bath, a solution of 618 mg (0.5 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Ala-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline, 69 mg (0.5 mmol) HOBt and 126 mg (0.6 mmol) DCC in 20 mL anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 442 mg (0.5 mmol) HCl.Math.Arg(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-Obzl and 50 mg (0.5 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to afford 300 mg (31%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 138-140 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=39.4 (c=0.13, MeOH). ESI-MS(m/z) 1991 [M+H].sup.+. IR(KBr) 3309, 2936, 1656, 1531, 1449, 1363, 1256, 836, 743, 697, 601 cm.sup.1.
Example 38. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.SUP..-[Boc-Ala-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.SUB.2.)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Val-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
(84) On an ice bath, a solution of 618 mg (0.5 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Ala-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline, 69 mg (0.5 mmol) HOBt and 126 mg (0.6 mmol) DCC in 20 mL anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 421 mg (0.5 mmol) HCl.Math.Arg(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Val-Obzl and 50 mg (0.5 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to afford 389 mg (36%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp117-120 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=14.8 (c=0.01, MeOH). ESI-MS(m/z) 1913 [M+H].sup.+. IR(KBr) 3312, 2937, 1655, 1530, 1448, 1362, 1257, 835, 744, 697, 592 cm.sup.1.
Example 39. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.SUP..-[Boc-Ala-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.SUB.2.)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Phe-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
(85) On an ice bath, a solution of 618 mg (0.5 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Ala-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline, 69 mg (0.5 mmol) HOBt and 126 mg (0.6 mmol) DCC in 20 mL anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 445 mg (0.5 mmol) HCl.Math.Arg(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Phe-Obzl and 50 mg (0.5 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to afford 320 mg (36%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp115-118 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=21.5 (c=0.16, MeOH). ESI-MS (m/z) 1961 [M+H].sup.+. IR(KBr) 3316, 2936, 1654, 1529, 1448, 1362, 1256, 1169, 742, 698, 593 cm.sup.1.
Example 40. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-[N.SUP..-(Ala-Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys)-Lys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser]phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline (Ia)
(86) On an ice bath, 199 mg (0.1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Ala-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline was mixed with 6 mL trifluoroacetic acid and 1.5 mL trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and stirred for 1 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 1:1). The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was repeatedly washed with anhydrous ethyl ether and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in water, adjusted to pH=8 with 25% ammonia water, desalted with Sephadex G10, and then purified on a C18 column. The collected fractions were lyophilized to afford 109 mg (85%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 134-135 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=39.7 (c=0.12, MeOH). FT-MS(m/z) 1374.7290 [M+H].sup.+, 2748.4580 [2M+H].sup.+, 4122.1870 [3M+H].sup.+, 5495.9160 [4M+H].sup.+. g=2.00779. IR(KBr) 3346, 3180, 2920, 1665, 1537, 1449, 1252, 1179, 1030, 837, 801, 720, 639, 518 cm.sup.1.
Example 41. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-[N.SUP..-(Ala-Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys)-Lys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Val]phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline (Ib)
(87) On an ice bath, 190 mg (0.1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Ala-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Val-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline was mixed with 6 mL trifluoroacetic acid and 1.5 mL trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and stirred for 1 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 1:1). The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was repeatedly washed with anhydrous ethyl ether and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in water, adjusted to pH 8 with 25% ammonia water, desalted with Sephadex G10, and then purified on a C18 column. The collected fractions were lyophilized to afford 96 mg (82%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 143-144 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=31.8 (c=0.01, MeOH). FT-MS(m/z) 1386.7654 [M+H].sup.+, 2772.5308, [2M+H].sup.+, 4158.2962 [3M+H].sup.+, 5544.0616 [4M+H].sup.+. g=2.00779. IR(KBr) 3349, 2942, 1659, 1539, 1394, 1250, 1030, 639 cm.sup.1.
Example 42. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-[N.SUP..-(Ala-Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys)-Lys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe]phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline (Ic)
(88) On an ice bath, 194 mg (0.1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Ala-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Phe-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline was mixed with 6 mL trifluoroacetic acid and 1.5 mL trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and stirred for 1 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 1:1). The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was repeatedly washed with anhydrous ethyl ether and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in water, adjusted to pH 8 with 25% ammonia water, desalted with Sephadex G10, and then purified on a C18 column. The collected fractions were lyophilized to afford 106 mg (81%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 96-97 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=44.4 (c=0.15, MeOH). FT-MS (m/z) ESI-MS (m/z) 1444.7654 [M+H].sup.+, ESI-MS(m/z) 2888.5308 [2M+H].sup.+, 4332.2962 [3M+H].sup.+, 5776.0616 [4M+H].sup.+. g=2.00789. IR(KBr) 3363, 1665, 1538, 1448, 1256, 1173, 1031, 640, 577, 518 cm.sup.1.
(89) Preparation of the Peptide Having Thrombolytic Activity: Properly Protected GRPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 5)
Example 43. Preparation of Boc-Gly-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)-OBzl
(90) On an ice bath, a solution of 438 mg (2.5 mmol) Boc-Gly, 338 mg (2.5 mmol) HOBt, 619 mg (3 mmol) DCC in 10 ml anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 1.785 g (2.3 mmol) HCl.Math.Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)-Obzl and 232 mg (2.3 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h to give 1.857 g (90%) of the title compound. Mp 85-87 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=38.5 (c=0.11, MeOH). ESI-MS (m/e) 920 [M+Na].sup.+.
Example 44. Preparation of Boc-Gly-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)
(91) 907 mg (1 mmol) Boc-Gly-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)-OBzl was dissolved in 3 ml methanol followed by addition of a NaOH aqueous solution (2N) on an ice bath, and then stirred at RT for 30 min. With pH maintained at 12, the reaction was stirred on the ice bath for 10 min until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC. With pH adjusted to 7 with 2N HCl, the reaction liquid was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was diluted in 2 mL saturated saline, adjusted to pH 2 with 2N HCl, and then extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate (5 mL3). The combined ethyl acetate phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then concentrated under reduced pressure at RT to afford 785 mg (82%) of the title compound as colorless solid. EI-MS (m/z) 816 [MH].sup..
(92) Preparation of Ternary Conjugates of GRPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 5)/Imidazoline/RGD (Compounds of General Formula I-1-2): Id, Ie, If
Example 45. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.SUP..-[Boc-Gly-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-OMe}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
(93) On an ice bath, a solution of 817 mg (1 mmol) Boc-Gly-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z), 135 mg (1 mmol) HOBt and 250 mg (1 mmol) DCC in 10 mL anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 480 mg (1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-[(4-oxyacetyl-Lys-OMe)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline and 100 mg (1 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 40:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to afford 680 mg (52%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 79-82 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=12.3 (c=0.14, MeOH), ESI-MS(m/z) 1261 [M+Na].sup.+. IR (KBr) 3319, 2935, 1658, 1531, 1448, 1363, 1254, 1168, 1053, 835, 749, 540 cm.sup.1.
Example 46. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.SUP..-[Boc-Gly-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
(94) On an ice bath, 1260 mg (1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Gly-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-OMe}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline was dissolved in 3 ml methanol followed by addition of a NaOH aqueous solution (2N), and then stirred at RT for 30 min. With pH maintained at 12, the reaction was stirred on the ice bath for 10 min until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC. With pH adjusted to 7 with 2N HCl, the reaction liquid was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was diluted in 2 mL saturated saline, adjusted to pH 2 with 2N HCl, and then extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate (5 mL3). The combined ethyl acetate phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure at RT to afford 945 mg (82%) of the title compound as colorless solid. EI-MS (m/z) 1223 [MH].sup..
Example 47. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.SUP..-[Boc-Gly-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.SUB.2.)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline
(95) On an ice bath, a solution of 611 mg (0.5 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Gly-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline, 69 mg (0.5 mmol) HOBt and 126 mg (0.6 mmol) DCC in 20 mL anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 442 mg (0.5 mmol) HCl.Math.Arg(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-Obzl and 50 mg (0.5 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to afford 500 mg (48%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 127-129 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=49.4 (c=0.13, MeOH). ESI-MS(m/z) 1956 [M+H].sup.+. IR(KBr) 3306, 2936, 1652, 1531, 1449, 1362, 1255, 1166, 742, 697, 592 cm.sup.1.
Example 48. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.SUP..-[Boc-Gly-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.SUB.2.)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Val-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
(96) On an ice bath, a solution of 611 mg (0.5 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Gly-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline, 69 mg (0.5 mmol) HOBt and 126 mg (0.6 mmol) DCC in 20 mL anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 421 mg (0.5 mmol) HCl.Math.Arg(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Val-Obzl, 50 mg (0.5 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to afford 392 mg (35%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 147-150 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=34.6 (c=0.16, MeOH). ESI-MS(m/z) 1899 [M+Na].sup.+. IR(KBr) 3311, 3068, 2937, 1661, 1531, 1451, 1395, 1254, 1163, 839, 743, 697, 596 cm.sup.1.
Example 49. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N-[Boc-Gly-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.SUB.2.)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Phe-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
(97) On an ice bath, a solution of 611 mg (0.5 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Gly-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline, 69 mg (0.5 mmol) HOBt and 126 mg (0.6 mmol) DCC in 20 mL anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 445 mg (0.5 mmol) HCl.Math.Arg(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Phe-Obzl and 50 mg (0.5 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to afford 336 mg (31%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 125-128 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=31.3 (c=0.18, MeOH). ESI-MS (m/z) 1925 [M+H].sup.+. IR(KBr) 3315, 2935, 1657, 1529, 1448, 1361, 1257, 1173, 834, 742, 698, 541 cm.sup.1.
Example 50. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-[N.SUP..-(Gly-Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys)-Lys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser]phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline (Id)
(98) On an ice bath, 195 mg (0.1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Gly-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline was mixed with 6 mL trifluoroacetic acid and 1.5 mL trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and stirred for 1 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 1:1). The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was repeatedly washed with anhydrous ethyl ether and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in water, adjusted to pH 8 with 25% ammonia water, desalted with Sephadex G10, and then purified on a C18 column. The collected fractions were lyophilized to afford 102 mg (82%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 142-145 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=29.7 (c=0.14, MeOH). FT-MS(m/z) 1360.7133 [M+H].sup.+, 2720.4266 [2M+H].sup.+, 4080.1399 [3M+H].sup.+, 5439.8532 [4M+H].sup.+. g=2.00779. IR(KBr) 3348, 3180, 2940, 1670, 1539, 1447, 1199, 1134, 1034, 836, 801, 721, 638 cm.sup.1.
Example 51. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-[N.SUP..-(Gly-Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys)-Lys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Val]phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline (Ie)
(99) On an ice bath, 190 mg (0.1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Gly-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Val-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline was mixed with 6 mL trifluoroacetic acid and 1.5 mL trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and stirred for 1 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 1:1). The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was repeatedly washed with anhydrous ethyl ether and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in water, adjusted to pH 8 with 25% ammonia water, desalted with Sephadex G10, and then purified on a C18 column. The collected fractions were lyophilized to afford 99 mg (84%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 147-149 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=31.1 (c=0.17, MeOH). FT-MS(m/z) 1372.7497 [M+H].sup.+, 2744.4994 [2M+H].sup.+, 4116.2491 [3M+H].sup.+, 5487.9988 [4M+H].sup.+. g=2.00779. IR(KBr) 3338, 2960, 1662, 1539, 1451, 1392, 1251, 1170, 1030, 639, 519 cm.sup.1.
Example 52. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-[N.SUP..-(Gly-Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys)-Lys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe]phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline (If)
(100) On an ice bath, 192 mg (0.1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Gly-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Phe-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline was mixed with 6 mL trifluoroacetic acid and 1.5 mL trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and stirred for 1 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 1:1). The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was repeatedly washed with anhydrous ethyl ether and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in water, adjusted to pH 8 with 25% ammonia water, desalted with Sephadex G10, and then purified on a C18 column. The collected fractions were lyophilized to afford 106 mg (81%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 84-85 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=54.1 (c=0.15, MeOH). FT-MS (m/z) 1420.7497 [M+H].sup.+, 2840.4994 [2M+H].sup.+, ESI-MS FT-MS(m/z) 1420.7497 [M+H].sup.+, 2840.4994 [2M+H].sup.+, 4260.2491 [3M+H].sup.+, 5679.9976 [4M+H].sup.+. g=2.00789. IR(KBr) 3344, 3080, 2930, 1666, 1535, 1392, 1250, 1181, 1030, 835, 800, 719, 638 cm.sup.1.
(101) Preparation of the Peptide Having Thrombolytic Activity: Properly Protected RPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 3)
Example 53. Preparation of Boc-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)
(102) On an ice bath, 850 mg (1 mmol) Boc-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)-OBzl was dissolved in 3 ml methanol followed by addition of a NaOH aqueous solution (2N), and then stirred at RT for 30 min. With pH maintained at 12, the reaction was stirred on the ice bath for 10 min until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC. With pH adjusted to 7 with 2N HCl, the reaction liquid was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was diluted in 2 mL saturated saline, adjusted to pH 2 with 2N HCl, and then extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate (5 mL3). The combined ethyl acetate phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered, then the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure at RT to afford 742 mg (92%) of the title compound as colorless solid. EI-MS (m/z) 849 [MH].sup..
(103) Preparation of Ternary Conjugates of RPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 3)/Imidazoline/RGD (Compounds of General Formula I-1-3): Ig, Ih, Ii
Example 54. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.SUP..-[Boc-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-OMe}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
(104) On an ice bath, a solution of 760 mg (1 mmol) Boc-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z), 135 mg (1 mmol) HOBt and 250 mg (1 mmol) DCC in 10 mL anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 480 mg (1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-[(4-oxyacetyl-Lys-OMe)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline and 100 mg (1 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 40:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to afford 920 mg (83%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 72-76 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=32.7 (c=0.13, MeOH), ESI-MS(m/z) 1204 [M+Na].sup.+. IR (KBr) 3317, 2937, 1658, 1531, 1447, 1362, 1254, 1168, 1055, 835, 746, 697, 541, 460 cm.sup.1.
Example 55. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.SUP..-[Boc-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
(105) On an ice bath, 1200 mg (1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-OMe}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline was dissolved in 3 ml methanol followed by addition of a NaOH aqueous solution (2N), and then stirred at RT for 30 min. With pH maintained at 12, the reaction was stirred on the ice bath for 10 min until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC. With pH adjusted to 7 with 2N HCl, the reaction liquid was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was diluted in 2 mL saturated saline, adjusted to pH 2 with 2N HCl, and then extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate (5 mL3). The combined ethyl acetate phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure at RT to afford 899 mg (80%) of the title compound as blue solid. EI-MS (m/z) 1116 [MH].sup..
Example 56. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.SUP..-[Boc-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.SUB.2.)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline
(106) On an ice bath, a solution of 583 mg (0.5 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline, 69 mg (0.5 mmol) HOBt and 126 mg (0.6 mmol) DCC in 20 mL anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 442 mg (0.5 mmol) HCl.Math.Arg(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-Obzl and 50 mg (0.5 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to afford 421 mg (40%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 77-79 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=45.4 (c=0.15, MeOH). ESI-MS(m/z) 1897 [M+H].sup.+. IR(KBr) 3319, 2934, 1658, 1530, 1449, 1361, 1256, 834, 741, 698, 542 cm.sup.1.
Example 57. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.SUP..-[Boc-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.SUB.2.)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Val-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
(107) On an ice bath, a solution of 583 mg (0.5 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline, 69 mg (0.5 mmol) HOBt and 126 mg (0.6 mmol) DCC in 20 mL anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 421 mg (0.5 mmol) HCl.Math.Arg(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Val-Obzl and 50 mg (0.5 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to afford 472 mg (42%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 107-109 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=28.8 (c=0.11, MeOH). ESI-MS(m/z) 1820 [M+H].sup.+. IR(KBr) 3314, 2938, 1658, 1531, 1448, 1362, 1258, 742, 698, 594 cm.sup.1.
Example 58. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.SUP..-[Boc-Arg(NO.SUB.2.)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.SUB.2.)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Phe-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
(108) On an ice bath, a solution of 583 mg (0.5 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline, 69 mg (0.5 mmol) HOBt and 126 mg (0.6 mmol) DCC in 20 mL anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 445 mg (0.5 mmol) HCl.Math.Arg(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Phe-Obzl and 50 mg (0.5 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to afford 420 mg (47%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 141-144 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=35.7 (c=0.12, MeOH). ESI-MS(m/z) 1867 [M+H].sup.+. IR(KBr) 3319, 2936, 1656, 1529, 1448, 1362, 1257, 1169, 834, 743, 698, 541 cm.sup.1.
Example 59. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-[N.SUP..-(Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys)-Lys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser]phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline (Ig)
(109) On an ice bath, 170 mg (0.1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline was mixed with 6 mL trifluoroacetic acid and 1.5 mL trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and stirred for 1 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 1:1). The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was repeatedly washed with anhydrous ethyl ether and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in water, adjusted to pH 8 with 25% ammonia water, desalted with Sephadex G10, and then purified on a C18 column. The collected fractions were lyophilized to afford 102 mg (82%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 148-150 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=22.4 (c=0.14, MeOH). FT-MS(m/z) 1303.6919 [M+H].sup.+, 2606.3838, [2M+H].sup.+, 3909.0757 [3M+H].sup.+, 5211.7676 [4M+H].sup.+. g=2.00779. IR(KBr) 3344, 3080, 2930, 1666, 1535, 1392, 1250, 1181, 1030, 835, 800, 719, 638.
Example 60. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-[N.SUP..-(Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys)-Lys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Val]phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline (Ih)
(110) On an ice bath, 182 mg (0.1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Val-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline was mixed with 6 mL trifluoroacetic acid and 1.5 mL trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and stirred for 1 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 1:1). The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was repeatedly washed with anhydrous ethyl ether and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in water, adjusted to pH 8 with 25% ammonia water, desalted with Sephadex G10, and then purified on a C18 column. The collected fractions were lyophilized to afford 99 mg (84%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 137-139 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=34.3 (c=0.18, MeOH). FT-MS(m/z) ESI-MS(m/z) 1315.7282 [M+H].sup.+, 2630.4564 [2M+H].sup.+, 3945.1846 [3M+H].sup.+, 5259.9128 [4M+H].sup.+. g=2.00779. IR(KBr) 3329, 2953, 1665, 1533, 1391, 1198, 1134, 834, 801, 720, 599 cm.sup.1.
Example 61. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-[N.SUP..-(Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys)-Lys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe]phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline (Ii)
(111) On an ice bath, 187 mg (0.1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Arg(NO.sub.2)-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Phe-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline was mixed with 6 mL trifluoroacetic acid and 1.5 mL trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and stirred for 1 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 1:1). The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was repeatedly washed with anhydrous ethyl ether and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in water, adjusted to pH 8 with 25% ammonia water, desalted with Sephadex G10, and then purified on a C18 column. The collected fractions were lyophilized to afford 96 mg (81%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 99-100 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=24.7 (c=0.14, MeOH). FT-MS (m/z) 1363.7282 [M+H].sup.+, 2726.4564 [2M+H].sup.+, 4089.1846 [3M+H].sup.+, 5451.9128 [4M+H].sup.+. g=2.00789. IR(KBr) 3322, 3060, 2928, 1661, 1530, 1391, 1303, 1247, 641 cm.sup.1.
(112) Preparation of the Peptide Having Thrombolytic Activity: Properly Protected PAK
Example 62. Preparation of Boc-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)
(113) On an ice bath, 638 mg (1 mmol) Boc-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)-OBzl was dissolved in 3 ml methanol followed by addition of a NaOH aqueous solution (2N), and then stirred at RT for 30 min. With pH maintained at 12, the reaction was stirred on the ice bath for 10 min until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC. With pH adjusted to 7 with 2N HCl, the reaction liquid was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was diluted in 2 mL saturated saline, adjusted to pH 2 with 2N HCl, and then extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate (5 mL3). The combined ethyl acetate phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered, and the filtrate was then concentrated under reduced pressure at RT to afford 509 mg (91.6%) of the title compound as colorless solid. EI-MS (m/z) 547 [MH].sup..
(114) Preparation of Ternary Conjugates of PAK/Imidazoline/RGD (Compounds of General Formula I-1-4): Ij, Ik, Il
Example 63. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.SUP..-[Boc-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-OMe}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
(115) On an ice bath, a solution of 548 mg (1 mmol) Boc-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z), 135 mg (1 mmol) HOBt and 250 mg (1 mmol) DCC in 10 mL anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 480 mg (1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-[(4-oxyacetyl-Lys-OMe)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline and 100 mg (1 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 40:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to afford 876 mg (87%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 77-80 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=12.6 (c=0.16, MeOH). ESI-MS(m/z) 1003 [M+Na].sup.+. IR (KBr): 3315, 3069, 2937, 1671, 1531, 1449, 1394, 1364, 1302, 1167, 1132, 1054, 836, 743, 698, 596, 541, 458 cm.sup.1.
Example 64. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.SUP..-[Boc-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
(116) On an ice bath, 980 mg (1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-OMe}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline was dissolved in 3 ml methanol followed by addition of a NaOH aqueous solution (2N), and then stirred at RT for 30 min. With pH maintained at 12, the reaction was stirred on the ice bath for 10 min until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC. With pH adjusted to 7 with 2N HCl, the reaction liquid was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was diluted in 2 mL saturated saline, adjusted to pH 2 with 2N HCl, and then extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate (5 mL3). The combined ethyl acetate phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure at RT to afford 867 mg (80%) of the title compound as blue solid. EI-MS (m/z) 965 [MH].sup..
Example 65. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.SUP..-[Boc-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.SUB.2.)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
(117) On an ice bath, a solution of 483 mg (0.5 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline, 69 mg (0.5 mmol) HOBt and 126 mg (0.6 mmol) DCC in 20 mL anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 442 mg (0.5 mmol) HCl.Math.Arg(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-Obzl and 50 mg (0.5 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to afford 421 mg (42%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 97-100 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=42.5 (c=0.14, MeOH). ESI-MS(m/z) 1697 [M+H].sup.+. IR(KBr) 3298, 3070, 2935, 2869, 1642, 1534, 1450, 1369, 1253, 741, 697, 596 cm.sup.1.
Example 66. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.SUP..-[Boc-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.SUB.2.)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Val-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
(118) On an ice bath, a solution of 483 mg (0.5 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline, 69 mg (0.5 mmol) HOBt and 126 mg (0.6 mmol) DCC in 20 mL anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 432 mg (0.5 mmol) HCl.Math.Arg(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Val-Obzl and 50 mg (0.5 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to afford 357 mg (37%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 117-120 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=22.3 (c=0.17, MeOH). ESI-MS(m/z) 1620 [M+H].sup.+. IR(KBr) 3303, 3072, 2935, 1644, 1533, 1451, 1394, 1364, 1255, 1167, 745, 697, 597 cm.sup.1.
Example 67. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.SUP..-[Boc-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.SUB.2.)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Phe-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline
(119) On an ice bath, a solution of 483 mg (0.5 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline, 69 mg (0.5 mmol) HOBt and 126 mg (0.6 mmol) DCC in 20 mL anhydrous THF was stirred for 20 min, and then a solution prepared with 439 mg (0.5 mmol) HCl.Math.Arg(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Phe-Obzl and 50 mg (0.5 mmol) N-methylmorpholine in 5 mL anhydrous THF was added thereto and reacted at RT for 24 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 20:1). The reaction mixture was subjected to the routine procedure to afford 472 mg (48%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 111-114 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=15.3 (c=0.13, MeOH). ESI-MS(m/z) 1667 [M+H].sup.+. IR(KBr) 3296, 3071, 2935, 1641, 1534, 1394, 1253, 1170, 834, 745, 697, 594 cm.sup.1.
Example 68. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-[N.SUP..-(Pro-Ala-Lys)-Lys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser]phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline (Ij)
(120) On an ice bath, 169 mg (0.1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Ser(Bzl)-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline was mixed with 6 mL trifluoroacetic acid and 1.5 mL trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and stirred for 1 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 1:1). The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was repeatedly washed with anhydrous ethyl ether and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in water, adjusted to pH 8 with 25% ammonia water, desalted with Sephadex G10, and then purified on a C18 column. The collected fractions were lyophilized to afford 98 mg (80%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 127-128 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=22.4 (c=0.13, MeOH). FT-MS(m/z) 1147.5907 [M+H].sup.+, 2294.1814 [2M+H].sup.+, 3440.7721 [3M+H].sup.+, 4587.3628 [4M+H].sup.+. g=2.00779. IR(KBr) 3204, 1672, 1543, 1436, 1199, 1133, 837, 801, 722, 598 cm.sup.1.
Example 69. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-[N.SUP..-(Pro-Ala-Lys)-Lys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Val]phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline (Ik)
(121) On an ice bath, 162 mg (0.1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Val-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline was mixed with 6 mL trifluoroacetic acid and 1.5 mL trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and stirred for 1 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 1:1). The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was repeatedly washed with anhydrous ethyl ether and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in water, adjusted to pH 8 with 25% ammonia water, desalted with Sephadex G10, and then purified on a C18 column. The collected fractions were lyophilized to afford 96 mg (81%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 123-124 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=24.6 (c=0.13, MeOH). FT-MS(m/z) 1159.6271 [M+H].sup.+, 2318.2542 [2M+H].sup.+, 3476.8813 [3M+H].sup.+, 4635.5084 [4M+H].sup.+. g=2.00779. IR(KBr) 3388, 2959, 1666, 1540, 1494, 1198, 1134, 835, 801, 720, 598 cm.sup.1.
Example 70. Preparation of 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-[N.SUP..-(Pro-Ala-Lys)-Lys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe]phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline (Il)
(122) On an ice bath, 169 mg (0.1 mmol) 1,3-dioxo-2-{4-oxyacetyl-{N.sup.-[Boc-Pro-Ala-Lys(Z)]-Lys-Arg-(NO.sub.2)-Gly-Asp(OBzl)-Phe-OBzl}phenyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline was mixed with 6 mL trifluoroacetic acid and 1.5 mL trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and stirred for 1 h until the starting material disappeared as shown by TLC (CHCl.sub.3:MeOH, 1:1). The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was repeatedly washed with anhydrous ethyl ether and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in water, adjusted to pH 8 with 25% ammonia water, desalted with Sephadex G10, and then purified on a C18 column. The collected fractions were lyophilized to afford 96 mg (81%) of the title compound as blue solid. Mp 153-154 C. [].sub.D.sup.20=12.6 (c=0.16, MeOH). FT-MS (m/z) 1207.6271 [M+H].sup.+, 2414.2542 [2M+H].sup.+, 3620.8813 [3M+H].sup.+, 4827.5084 [4M+H].sup.+. g=2.00789. IR(KBr) 3385, 2938, 1659, 1541, 1450, 1391, 1251, 1126, 963, 841, 599, 456 cm.sup.1.
Experimental Example 1. Experiments on NO Radical Scavenging by Compounds Ia to Il of the Present Invention
(123) Male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 300 g were starved for 12 h before operation with free access to drinking water, and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Thoracotomy was immediately carried out and thoracic aorta was taken out, connective tissues attached thereto were dissected, and vessels were cut into aorta rings with a length of 3 to 5 mm and placed into a perfusion bath. The bath contained 15 ml Krebs-Henseleit solution and was kept at a constant temperature of 37 C., into which 95% O.sub.2-5% CO.sub.2 gas was charged. The anchor to which the aorta rings were immobilized was connected to a tension transducer, and vasomotion curves were recorded on a dual-trace recorder at a paper speed of 1 mm/min. With the static tension adjusted to 1.0 g and 30 min of equilibration, norepinephrine at a final concentration of 10.sup.8 M was dosed to allow the aorta to contract for preexcitation. Norepinephrine was washed off, followed by 30 min of equilibration, and norepinephrine was added into the bath to a final concentration of 10.sup.8 M. When the contraction tension was steady at a plateau level, 20 l normal saline (blank), a 20 l solution of any one of compounds Ia to Il in normal saline (at a final concentration of 510.sup.6 M), or a 20 l solution of NO free radical scavenger (1,3-dioxo-2-(4-oxyacetoxyl-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline, TMMZ) in normal saline (at a final concentration of 510.sup.6 M) was added into the bath. When stabilized, a 20 l acetylcholine in normal saline was added (at a final concentration of 10.sup.6 M). The NO scavenging ability of the drugs was expressed as a percentage of inhibition of acetylcholine induced vasodilation. The experimental results are shown in Table 1.
(124) As shown in the experimental results, Ia to Il were able to inhibit acetylcholine's vasodilating effect on the vessel pieces by scavenging NO. As such, by linking a thrombolytic peptide ARPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 4), GRPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 5), RPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 3) or PAK and a targeting peptide RGDS (SEQ. ID NO. 11), RGDV (SEQ. ID NO. 12) or RGDF (SEQ. ID NO. 13) to a free radical scavenger (1,3-dioxo-2-(4-oxyacetoxyl-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline, TMMZ) via Lys, 9 compounds had substantially higher activity in inhibition of acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation than TMMZ, 2 compounds had the same activity in inhibition of acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation as TMMZ, and one compound was less active in inhibition of acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation than TMMZ. Among the 12 compounds under assessment, 4 compounds had a percentage of inhibition higher than 30%, and these 4 compounds were ranked by activity in inhibition of acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation as Ie>Ih>Ib>If. This demonstrated that the activity of the TMMZ moiety in scavenging NO free radicals was generally improved by linking the thrombolytic peptide ARPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 4), GRPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 5), RPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 3) or PAK and the targeting peptide RGDS (SEQ. ID NO. 11), RGDV (SEQ. ID NO. 12) or RGDF (SEQ. ID NO. 13) to the free radical scavenger TMMZ via Lys.
(125) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Percentage of Ia to Il's inhibition of vasodilatation induced by acetylcholine Percentage of inhibition Compounds (Mean SD %) TMMZ 15.47 2.20 Ia 22.82 3.27 .sup.a Ib 35.32 4.74 .sup.a Ic 21.78 3.11 .sup.a Id 17.60 2.75 .sup.b Ie 41.28 3.27 .sup.a If 32.55 2.55 .sup.a Ig 24.40 3.60 .sup.a Ih 37.54 1.84 .sup.a Ii 13.75 2.07 .sup.b Ij 27.22 2.68 .sup.a Ik 11.13 2.92 .sup.c Il 22.62 3.60 .sup.a n = 6; .sup.ap < 0.01 vs. TMMZ; .sup.bp > 0.05 vs. TMMZ; .sup.cp < 0.05 vs. TMMZ
Experimental Example 2. Experiments on Euglobulin Clot Lysis by Compounds Ia to Il of the Present Invention
(126) Pig blood was taken and mixed with 3.8% sodium citrate in a volume ratio of 9:1, immediately centrifuged at 3000 r/min for 10 min, and platelet-poor plasma was separated. 2 mL platelet-poor pig plasma and 36 mL ultrapure water were added into a 50 mL centrifuge tube. In each tube, 0.4 mL acetic acid (1%) was added and thoroughly mixed, and the tube was placed in a 4 C. refrigerator for 10 min and then centrifuged at 3000 r/min for 10 min. The centrifuge tubes were inverted, and then the inner wall of the tubes was dried using a filter paper after the liquid was drained. The euglobuin pellets resulting from centrifugation was freeze-dried for about 40 min and scratched out. About 35 mg euglobuin was taken and dissolved in 7 ml borax buffer (pH 9.28). The euglobuin were mostly dissolved after 1 h, into which 0.7 mL CaCl.sub.2 solution (25 mM) was added, and immediately plated on a 1010 cm glass plate with a thickness of about 1 mm. After clot formation, 10 L normal saline, or 10 L of a solution of one of compounds Ia to Il in normal saline (1 mM) or 10 L of a urokinase solution in normal saline (0.8 mg/mL) was pipetted and spotted onto the clot plate, with an interval between every two drops more than 1.5 cm, and each sample was spotted 3 times. The diameter of the clot lysis circle was measured after 4 h, and the readings are listed in Table 2.
(127) As shown in the experimental results, by linking a thrombolytic peptide ARPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 4), GRPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 5), RPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 3) or PAK and a targeting peptide RGDS (SEQ. ID NO. 11), RGDV (SEQ. ID NO. 12) or RGDF (SEQ. ID NO. 13) to a free radical scavenger TMMZ via Lys, all compounds exhibited substantial euglobulin clot lysis activity.
(128) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 The diameter of euglobulin clot lysis after 4 h of Ia-Il treatment Compounds Diameter (Mean SD mm) Normal saline 2.9 0.6 .sup.a urokinase 10.7 0.4 .sup.a Ia 4.0 0.0 Ib 5.2 0.3 Ic 3.8 0.3 Id 5.2 0.3 Ie 5.5 0.3 If 4.5 0.5 Ig 5.2 0.3 Ih 4.2 0.3 Ii 4.0 0.0 Ij 4.0 0.0 Ik 4.5 0.5 Il 4.2 0.3 n = 3; .sup.ap < 0.01, vs. Ia-l
Experimental Example 3. In Vitro Thrombolysis Experiments for Compounds Ia to Il of the Present Invention
(129) SD rats (male, 350 to 400 g) were anaesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of a urethane solution at a dosage of 1200 mg/kg. The anaesthetized rats were fixed in a supine position, and the right common carotid artery was dissected, clamped at the proximal end with an arterial clip, and penetrated with a suture at the proximal and distal ends, respectively. The suture at the distal end is clipped tightly by a hemostatic clamp at the fur. Cannulation was performed at the distal end, the artery clamp was removed, and the total arterial blood was discharged into a 50 ml container previously treated with silicone oil. 0.8 ml rat arterial blood was injected into a vertically fixed glass tube (20 mm in length, with an inner diameter of 4 mm and an outer diameter of 5 mm, sealed with a rubber stopper at the bottom), into which was immediately inserted a thrombus immobilization screw made of stainless steel. The thrombus immobilization screw, formed by coiling of a stainless steel wire having a diameter of 0.2 mm, had a spiral part of 18 mm in length, 15 coils each having a diameter of 1.8 mm, and a stem of 7.0 mm in length which was connected to the spiral part and had a question-mark-like shape. 40 min after the blood was coagulated, the rubber stopper at the bottom of the glass tube was removed, the stem of the thrombus immobilization screw was nipped by forceps, and the thrombus-wrapped thrombus immobilization screw was carefully taken out from the glass tube. The screw was then suspended and dipped in triple-distilled water to remove excessive blood, and accurately weighed after 1 h. The thrombus was suspended in 8 mL of normal saline, or a solution of compounds Ia-Il in normal saline (at a concentration of 100 nM), or a solution of ARPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 4), GRPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 5), RPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 3) or PAK in normal saline (at a concentration of 100 nM), or a solution of urokinase in normal saline (100 IU/mL), then shaked at 37 C. in a thermostatic shaker (63 r/min), and removed after 2 h and accurately weighed to determine the weight of the thrombus. The difference in thrombus mass before and after the administration was calculated, and the results are listed in Table 3.
(130) As shown in the experimental results, by linking a thrombolytic peptide ARPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 4), GRPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 5), RPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 3) or PAK and a targeting peptide RGDS (SEQ. ID NO. 11), RGDV (SEQ. ID NO. 12) or RGDF (SEQ. ID NO. 13) to a free radical scavenger TMMZ via Lys, all compounds exhibited substantial in vitro thrombolytic activity. Since the activity of Ia to Ic was comparable to that of ARPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 4), the activity of Id to If was comparable to that of GRPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 5), the activity of Ig to Ii was comparable to that of RPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 3), and the activity of Ij to Ii was comparable to that of PAK, on one hand the in vitro thrombolytic activity of Ia to Il could be attributed to the activity of the thrombolytic peptide, and on the other hand the linking of the thrombolytic peptide ARPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 4), GRPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 5), RPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 3) or PAK and the targeting peptide RGDS (SEQ. ID NO. 11), RGDV (SEQ. ID NO. 12) or RGDF (SEQ. ID NO. 13) to the free radical scavenger TMMZ via Lys did not abate the activity of the thrombolytic peptide.
(131) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE3 Invitrothrombolyticactivityby2htreatment ofIa-Il Weightreductionin thrombus Compounds (Mean SDmg) Normalsaline 16.67 1.86.sup.a urokinase 58.33 4.08.sup.a ARPAK(SEQ.IDNO.4) 26.35 3.10 Ia 28.50 2.59 Ib 28.17 2.31 Ic 27.33 2.07 GRPAK(SEQ.IDNO.5) 15.47 2.61 Id 14.17 3.55 Ie 14.00 1.41 If 15.29 3.36 RPAK(SEQ.IDNO.3) 26.01 3.11 Ig 27.83 2.56 Ih 29.33 3.01 Ii 24.83 1.17 PAK 26.67 3.20 Ij 26.16 3.15 Ik 25.00 1.54 Il 25.83 2.31 n = 6; .sup.a) p <0.01, vs. Ia-Il
Experimental Example 4. In Vivo Thrombolysis Experiments for Compounds Ia to Il of the Present Invention
(132) SD rats (male, 220 to 230 g) were anaesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of a urethane solution at a dosage of 1200 mg/kg. The anaesthetized rats were fixed in a supine position, and the right common carotid artery was dissected, clamped at the proximal end with an arterial clip, and penetrated with a suture at the proximal and distal ends, respectively. The suture at the distal end is clipped tightly by a hemostatic clamp at the fur. Cannulation was performed at the distal end, the arterial clamp was removed, and about 1 ml arterial blood was discharged into a 1 ml eppendorf. 0.1 ml rat arterial blood was injected into a vertically fixed glass tube (15 mm in length, with an inner diameter of 2.5 mm and an outer diameter of 5.0 mm, sealed with a rubber stopper at the bottom), into which was immediately inserted a thrombus immobilization screw made of stainless steel. The thrombus immobilization screw, formed by coiling of a stainless steel wire having a diameter of 0.2 mm, had a spiral part of 12 mm in length, 15 coils each having a diameter of 1.8 mm, and a stem of 1.0 mm in length which was connected to the spiral part and had a question-mark-like shape. 15 min after the blood was coagulated, the rubber stopper at the bottom of the glass tube was removed, the stem of the thrombus immobilization screw was nipped by forceps, and the thrombus-wrapped thrombus immobilization screw was carefully taken out of the glass tube and then accurately weighed.
(133) A bypass cannula was composed of 3 segments. The middle segment was a polyethylene tubing having a length of 60.0 mm and an inner diameter of 3.5 mm. The segments on both ends were similar polyethylene tubes having a length of 100.0 mm, an inner diameter of 1.0 mm and an outer diameter of 2.0 mm, one end of which was pulled to form a tip, with an outer diameter of 1.0 mm, that could be inserted into the rat carotid artery or vein, and the other end of which was sheathed by a polyethylene tube having a length of 7.0 mm and an outer diameter of 3.5 mm (thickened in order to be inserted into the polyethylene tubing of the middle segment). The inner wall of the 3-segment cannula was entirely silylated (with 1% silicone oil in ethyl ether). The thrombus-wrapped thrombus immobilization screw was placed into the polyethylene tubing of the middle segment, and both ends of the tubing sheathed the thickened ends of the two polyethylene tubes. The cannula was filled with a heparin solution in normal saline (50 IU/kg) through the tip end by using an injector and was ready for use. The trachea of the anaesthetized rat was then dissected and tracheal cannulation was performed. The left external carotid vein of the rat was dissected, and penetrated with a suture at the proximal and distal ends, respectively. An uneven open incision was careful made on the exposed left external carotid vein, and the tip of the bypass cannula prepared as described above was inserted into the proximal end of the open incision in the left external carotid vein, away from the stem of the thrombus immobilization screw in the middle segment of the bypass cannula (which accommodated the accurately weighed thrombus immobilization screw). A precise amount of heparin in saline (50 IU/kg) was injected through the tip at the other end by using an injector. At this moment, without removing the injector from the ethylene tube, the tubing between the injector and the polyethylene tube was clamped with forceps. The blood flow was stopped by clamping the proximal end of the right common carotid artery with an arterial clip, and an uneven open incision was cut carefully across the common carotid artery near the clip. The injector was pulled out of the tip of the polyethylene tube, and the tip of the polyethylene tube was then inserted into the proximal end of the artery open incision. Both ends of the bypass cannula were fixed to the artery or vein with #4 sutures.
(134) Normal saline (3 mL/kg), or a urokinase solution in normal saline (at a dose of 20000 IU/kg), or a solution of one of compounds Ia-Il in normal saline (at a dose of 0.1 mol/kg), or a solution ARPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 4), GRPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 5), RPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 3) or PAK in normal saline (at a dose of 1 mol/kg), was connected to a position close to the vein away from the thrombus immobilization screw by using a scalp needle to puncture the middle segment of the bypass cannula (which accommodated the accurately weighed thrombus immobilization screw). The artery clip was then removed to allow blood to flow from the artery to the vein through the bypass cannula. A rat arteriovenous bypass thrombolysis model was thus established. The solution in the injector was slowly injected into blood, enabling normal saline (blank control), urokinase (positive control), ARPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 4), GRPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 5), RPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 3) or PAK (component control), or Ia-Il to act on the thrombus through blood circulation in the order of vein-heart-artery. The process was timed at the beginning of injection, and the thrombus immobilization screw was removed from the bypass cannula after 1 h and accurately weighed. The difference in the mass of the thrombus immobilization screw in the rat bypass cannula before and after the administration was determined, and the experimental results are shown in Table 4.
(135) As shown in the experimental results, not only did compounds Ia-Ic, obtained by linking a thrombolytic peptide ARPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 4), GRPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 5), RPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 3) or PAK and a targeting peptide RGDS (SEQ. ID NO. 11), RGDV (SEQ. ID NO. 12) or RGDF (SEQ. ID NO. 13) to a free radical scavenger TMMZ via Lys, exhibit thrombolytic activity at a dosage of 0.1 mol/kg, the potency of their activity was also comparable to that of the corresponding thrombolytic peptide ARPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 4), GRPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 5), RPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 3) or PAK at a dosage of 1 mol/kg. As such, by linking the thrombolytic peptide ARPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 4), GRPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 5), RPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 3) or PAK and the targeting peptide RGDS (SEQ. ID NO. 11), RGDV (SEQ. ID NO. 12) or RGDF (SEQ. ID NO. 13) to the free radical scavenger TMMZ via Lys, the effective dosage could be decreased by 10 folds.
(136) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE4 InvivothrombolyticactivityofIa-Il Weightreductionin thrombus Compounds (Mean SDmg) Normalsaline 11.05 1.51.sup.a urokinase 18.02 2.32.sup.a ARPAK(SEQ.IDNO.4) 15.20 2.55 Ia 15.39 3.19 Ib 14.35 2.95 Ic 15.79 3.07 GRPAK(SEQ.IDNO.5) 15.47 2.61 Id 14.17 3.55 Ie 14.00 1.41 If 15.29 3.36 RPAK(SEQ.IDNO.3) 15.67 2.61 Ig 16.35 2.42 Ih 15.37 1.82 Ii 15.73 2.95 PAK 15.00 2.61 Ij 14.89 1.84 Ik 15.47 2.61 Il 16.21 2.84 n = 10; .sup.a) p <0.01 vs. Ia-Il
Experimental Example 5. In Vivo Anti-Thrombus Experiments for Compounds Ia to Il of the Present Invention
(137) SD rats (male, 220 to 230 g) were randomly divided into groups with 11 rats in each group. The rats were fed at a resting state for 1 day and fasted overnight. The rats were given normal saline (at a dose of 3 mL/kg), a solution of one of compounds Ia-Il in normal saline (at a dose of 0.1 mol/kg), a solution of the targeting peptide RGDS (SEQ. ID NO. 11), RGDV (SEQ. ID NO. 12) or RGDF (SEQ. ID NO. 13) in normal saline (at a dose of 10 mol/kg), or aspirin (at a dose of 33 mg/kg) by gavage. After 30 min, the rats were anesthetized with a 20% urethane solution, and the right carotid artery and the left carotid vein were dissected. A cannula was filled with sodium heparin in normal saline, and one end thereof was inserted into the left vein, while the other end was injected with a certain amount of sodium heparin for anticoagulation with an injector and then inserted into the right artery. Blood flew from the right artery to the left vein through the polyethylene tubing, and the thread attached with thrombus was taken out after 15 min and the weight thereof was recorded. The wet thrombus weight was determined by subtracting the thread weight from the total weight. The results are shown in Table 5.
(138) As shown in the experimental results, not only did compounds Ia-Ic, obtained by linking a thrombolytic peptide ARPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 4), GRPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 5), RPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 3) or PAK and a targeting peptide RGDS (SEQ. ID NO. 11), RGDV (SEQ. ID NO. 12) or RGDF (SEQ. ID NO. 13) to a free radical scavenger TMMZ via Lys, exhibit anti-thrombus activity at an oral dosage of 0.1 mol/kg, the potency of their activity was also comparable to that of the targeting peptide RGDS (SEQ. ID NO. 11), RGDV (SEQ. ID NO. 12) or RGDF (SEQ. ID NO. 13) at a dosage of 10 mol/kg. As such, by linking the thrombolytic peptide ARPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 4), GRPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 5), RPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 3) or PAK and the targeting peptide RGDS (SEQ. ID NO. 11), RGDV (SEQ. ID NO. 12) or RGDF (SEQ. ID NO. 13) to the free radical scavenger TMMZ via Lys, the effective dosage could be decreased by 100 folds.
(139) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE5 Invivoanti-thrombusactivityofIa-Il Wetweightofthrombus Compounds (Mean SDmg) normalsaline 27.38 2.62.sup.a aspirin 12.85 2.49.sup.a RGDS(SEQ.IDNO.11) 20.02 2.35 RGDV(SEQ.IDNO.12) 21.26 2.07 RGDF(SEQ.IDNO.13) 19.55 2.21 Ia 24.32 2.10 Ib 20.14 2.45 Ic 20.50 2.26 Id 19.46 1.84 Ie 16.92 1.53 If 17.99 2.47 Ig 17.89 2.05 Ih 18.24 1.89 Ii 17.79 2.02 Ij 19.45 1.79 Ik 22.25 2.25 Il 19.32 2.56 n = 11; .sup.a) p <0.01 vs. Ia-Il
Establishment of Animal Models for Assessment of the Efficacy of the Compounds According to the Present Invention in Treating Stroke Patients
(140) (1) The rat experimental protocol described herein was in accordance with the Geneva guidance in animal experiments and approved by the college ethical committee. Clean grade health male SD rats, weighing 280 to 305 g, were purchased from Vital River Laboratories of Experimental Animals. These rats were randomly used for preparation of thrombus or establishment of stroke models.
(141) (2) A 10% chloral hydrate solution was injected intraperitoneally into SD rats at a dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight for anesthesia. The carotid artery was dissected, 15 mL fresh arterial blood was drawn, and aliquots of 10 L each were then added into 1.5 mL EP vials. The thrombus formed was kept at RT for 2 h and then in a 20 C. refrigerator for 22 h. When used, 0.5 mL saline was added to the thrombus which was broken up by using a glass rod, so as to prepare a thrombus homogenate suspension solution, with a volume of about 0.1 mm.sup.3 for each thrombus pieces.
(142) (3) A 10% chloral hydrate solution was injected intraperitoneally into SD rats at a dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight for anesthesia. The carotid artery was dissected, 15 mL fresh arterial blood was drawn, and aliquots of 10 L each were then added into 1.5 mL EP vials. The thrombus formed was firstly kept at RT for 24 h. When used, 0.5 mL saline was added to the thrombus which was broken up by using a glass rod, so as to prepare a thrombus homogenate suspension solution, with a volume of about 0.1 mm.sup.3 for each thrombus pieces.
(143) (4) A 10% chloral hydrate solution was injected intraperitoneally into male SD rats at a dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight for anesthesia. A longitudinal open incision was made at the center of the neck, and the right common carotid artery trunk was dissected (about 3 cm in length). Carotid external artery branches were each dissected and ligated at the hyoid level, and the carotid internal artery was dissected at the swollen part of the neck. The open incisions in the carotid internal artery and the proximal end of the common carotid artery were occluded respectively with noninvasive arterial clips, and the distal end of the carotid external artery was ligated. A catheter containing 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline was inserted in the carotid external artery trunk. At the same time when the clip on the carotid internal artery was released, the 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline in the catheter slowly flew from the carotid external artery to its proximal end, and then was injected into the arteries in brain through the carotid internal artery. Subsequently, the proximal end of the carotid internal artery was ligated, the arterial clips on the carotid internal artery and the common carotid artery were released, and blood flow was restored. The main jugular external vein was dissected, and normal saline (blank control) or a solution of the compounds of the present invention in normal saline was infused through the jugular external vein. After the wound was stitched up, 20,000 IU penicillin was intramuscularly injected for prevention from infection. The model of immediate treatment after the onset of stroke was thus established.
(144) (5) A 10% chloral hydrate solution was injected intraperitoneally into male SD rats at a dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight for anesthesia. A longitudinal open incision was made at the center of the neck, and the right common carotid artery trunk was dissected (about 3 cm in length). Carotid external artery branches were each dissected and ligated at the hyoid level, and the carotid internal artery was dissected at the swollen part of the neck. The open incision in the carotid internal artery and the proximal end of the common carotid artery were occluded respectively with noninvasive arterial clips, and the distal end of the carotid external artery was ligated. A catheter containing 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline was inserted in the carotid external artery trunk. At the same time when the clip on the carotid internal artery was released, the 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline in the catheter slowly flew from the carotid external artery to its proximal end, and then was injected into the arteries in brain through the carotid internal artery. Subsequently, the proximal end of the carotid artery was ligated, the arterial clips on the carotid internal artery and the common carotid artery were released, and blood flow was restored. After the wound was stitched up, 20,000 IU penicillin was intramuscularly injected for prevention from infection. After 4 h, 6 h or 24 h, normal saline (blank control) or a solution of the compounds of the present invention in normal saline was infused through the tail vein. The rat models of 4 h, 6 h, and 24 h post-onset treatment of stroke were thus established.
(145) Establishment of Animal Models for Assessment of the Efficacy of the Compounds According to the Present Invention after 4 h, 6 h, and 24 h from Stroke Onset
(146) (1) The efficacy after immediate, 4 h post-onset treatment, and 6 h post-onset treatment of stroke rats with the compounds according to the present invention means the result of scoring of rats' behaviors 24 h after the rats regained consciousness. The behaviors include the walking manner, the degree of drooping of the right eye lid, the degree of tail stiffness, tension of muscles, the degree of head tilting, the support force of limbs, and the death status.
(147) (2) The efficacy in 24 h post-onset treatment of stroke in rats with the compounds according to the present invention means the result of observation of rats' behaviors 24 h after the rats regained consciousness. The behaviors include the walking manner, the degree of drooping of the right eye lid, the degree of tail stiffness, tension of muscles, the degree of head tilting, the support force of limbs, and the death status.
(148) (3) The efficacy in rats with stroke treated once with the compound of the present invention was compared to the efficacy in rats with stroke treated once with saline.
(149) (4) Rats with stroke with continuous treatment were injected with the compounds of the present invention in normal saline every 24 h through the tail vein. On the next day, the videos were recorded, and comparison was made among the recorded results.
(150) Test results of the compounds Ia to Il according to the present invention in the above animal models are as follows:
Experimental Example 6. Experiments on Rats that Received Immediate Treatment after Stroke Onset with Compounds Ia to Il of the Present Invention
(151) The in vivo anti-stroke activity of the present invention was represented by neural function scores, with a lower score indicating higher activity. A 10% chloral hydrate solution (400 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into SD male rats (250-300 g) for anesthesia. An open incision of 2 cm in length was longitudinally made slightly on the right to the center of the neck, and the right common carotid artery trunk, carotid external artery and carotid internal artery were dissected along the margin of the inner side of sternocleidomastoid muscles. The open incisions in the carotid internal artery and the proximal end of the common carotid artery were occluded respectively with noninvasive arterial clips. A small open incision was made across the carotid external artery, and the distal end of the carotid external artery was ligated. The arterial clip at the proximal end of the carotid external artery was released, and 10 l blood was drawn before the proximal end of the common carotid artery was again occluded with the noninvasive arterial clip. The 10 l blood drawn was placed in a 1 mL EP vial and kept at RT for 30 min for coagulation of blood, and then transferred into a 20 C. refrigerator for 1 h to allow coagulation. After 1 h, the blood clots were taken out, into which 1 mL saline was added, and then broken into uniform microthrombus by using a steel spatula. The microthrombus suspension was then transferred to a 1 mL injector until use. At the same time when the clip on the carotid internal artery of the rat was released, 1 mL thrombus suspension in the injector was slowly injected from the carotid external artery of the rat to its proximal end, and the suspension was injected into the brain of the rat through the carotid internal artery. Subsequently, the proximal end of the carotid external artery was ligated, the arterial clips on the carotid internal artery and the common carotid artery were released, and blood flow was restored. The jugular common vein of the rats was dissected. The vein was immediately ligated, 3 drops of penicillin was dropped at the wound site, the wound was stitched up, and the animals were allowed to come around, as the sham operation group. Or injection of urokinase in normal saline (positive control group, at a dosage of 20000 IU/kg), normal saline (blank control group, at a dosage of 3 ml/kg), TMMZ in normal saline (component control group, at a dosage of 1 mol/kg), a thrombolytic peptide ARPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 4), GRPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 5), RPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 3) or PAK in normal saline (component control group, at a dosage of 1 mol/kg), or one of compounds Ia-Il in normal saline (at a dosage of 0.1 mol/kg) was carried out. 24 h after the rats were awake, the degree of damage in the neural function was evaluated by the Zealonga method. A score of 0 indicated no sign of loss in neural function, 1 indicated the front limbs on the undamaged side could not stretch out, 2 indicated walking toward the undamaged side, 3 indicated tail-chasing walking in circles toward the undamaged side, 4 indicated involuntary walking with disturbance of consciousness, and 5 indicated death. The experimental results are shown in Table 6.
(152) As shown in the experimental results, the compounds Ia-Ic, obtained by linking a thrombolytic peptide ARPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 4), GRPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 5), RPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 3) or PAK and a targeting peptide RGDS (SEQ. ID NO. 11), RGDV (SEQ. ID NO. 12) or RGDF (SEQ. ID NO. 13) to a free radical scavenger TMMZ via Lys, exhibited anti-stroke activity at a dosage of 0.1 mol/kg, whereas urokinase did not exhibit anti-stroke activity at a dosage of 20000 IU/kg. Similarly, the thrombolytic peptide ARPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 4), GRPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 5), RPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 3) or PAK did not exhibit anti-stroke activity at a dosage of 1 mol/kg. As such, by linking the thrombolytic peptide ARPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 4), GRPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 5), RPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 3) or PAK and the targeting peptide RGDS (SEQ. ID NO. 11), RGDV (SEQ. ID NO. 12) or RGDF (SEQ. ID NO. 13) to the free radical scavenger TMMZ via Lys, the compounds were provided with an anti-stroke function. Specially, at the dosage of 1 mol/kg, 4 compounds had anti-stroke activity comparable to that of urokinase at a dosage of 20000 IU/kg, and 8 compounds had remarkably higher anti-stroke activity than that of urokinase at a dosage of 20000 IU/kg.
(153) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE6 Invivoanti-strokeactivityofIa-Ic Neuralfunctionscores Compounds (Mean SD) normalsaline 3.07 1.04 urokinase 1.90 1.37.sup.a TMMZ 2.83 0.75.sup.a ARPAK(SEQ.IDNO.4) 2.21 0.94.sup.a Ia 1.00 1.01.sup.b Ib 0.56 1.01.sup.c Ic 0.89 1.36.sup.c GRPAK(SEQ.IDNO.5) 2.38 0.92.sup.a Id 1.22 1.32.sup.b Ie 0.44 1.01.sup.c If 0.60 0.84.sup.c RPAKI(SEQ.IDNO.3) 2.38 0.97.sup.a Ig 1.00 1.19.sup.b Ih 1.33 1.22.sup.b Ii 0.87 1.05.sup.c PAK 2.42 0.95.sup.a Ij 0.90 1.10.sup.c Ik 0.56 0.53.sup.c Il 0.50 0.53.sup.c n = 10; .sup.a) p >0.05 vs. normal saline; .sup.b) p >0.05 vs. urokinase; p <0.01 vs. normal saline; .sup.c) p <0.01 vs. normal saline or urokinase
Experimental Example 7. Experiments on Cerebral Infarction Volume in Rats that Received Immediate Treatment with Compounds Ia to Il of the Present Invention after the Stroke Onset
(154) After the rats were awake for 24 h and assessed for their degree of damage in neural function in Experimental example 6, they were anesthesized with urethane followed by immediate decapitation and removal of the brain. Brain tissues were kept in a 20 C. refrigerator for 2 h, and coronal sections of about 2 mm were successively sliced from the prefrontal end for a total of 6 sections, and then placed into a 2% TTC solution to incubate in darkness at 37 C. for 30 min. The color change in brain sections was observed: normal brain tissues were stained red by TTC, while ischemic brain tissues, i.e., brain tissues with infracts, appeared in a white color. Photographs were taken by using a digital camera and processed with SPSS statistics software, and the volume of infarction in brain tissues and the volume of normal brain tissues in the coronal sections were calculated. The experimental results are shown in Table 7.
(155) As shown in the experimental results, not only did compounds Ia-Ic, obtained by linking a thrombolytic peptide ARPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 4), GRPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 5), RPAK (SEQ. ID NO. 3) or PAK and a targeting peptide RGDS (SEQ. ID NO. 11), RGDV (SEQ. ID NO. 12) or RGDF (SEQ. ID NO. 13) to a free radical scavenger TMMZ via Lys, exhibit an effect in reduction of the cerebral infarction volume in rats with stroke at a dosage of 0.1 mol/kg, such an effect was substantially more potent than that of urokinase at a dosage of 20000 IU/kg.
(156) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE7 Volumeofcerebralinfarctioninstrokerats treatedwithIa-Ic Percentageofinfarction volume Compounds (Mean SD%) normalsaline 22.92 2.74 urokinase 11.00 2.42.sup.b TMMZ 22.96 2.43.sup.a ARPAK(SEQ.IDNO.4) 22.00 2.20.sup.a Ia 7.21 0.82 Ib 7.13 0.83 Ic 7.40 1.65 GRPAK(SEQ.IDNO.5) 21.77 2.46.sup.a Id 8.21 1.91 Ie 6.44 1.51 If 7.47 1.31 RPAK(SEQ.IDNO.3) 22.11 2.25.sup.a Ig 6.40 0.28 Ih 7.35 1.14 Ii 7.06 1.08 PAK 22.07 2.40.sup.a Ij 6.84 0.82 Ik 7.86 1.02 Il 6.56 0.41 n = 10; .sup.a) p >0.05, vs. normal saline; .sup.b) p <0.01 vs. normal saline and Ia-Ic
Experimental Example 8. Experiments on Rats that Received Immediate Treatment with Different Dosages of Compound Ie of the Present Invention after the Stroke Onset
(157) After analysis and comparison of all experimental results in the present invention, compound Ie was used as the representative, in order to demonstrate the dose-dependent therapeutic effect exhibited by compounds Ia to Il in the above experiments. It should be noted that other compounds of Ia to Il could achieve similar dose-dependent therapeutic effect as compound Ie did, since the other compounds of Ia to Il had achieved the same effect as compound Ie in NO free radical scavenging, euglobulin clot lysis, thrombolysis, anti-thrombus action, and treatment of stroke in rats.
(158) A 10% chloral hydrate solution (400 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into male SD rats (250 to 300 g) for anesthesia. An incision of about 2 cm in length was longitudinally made slightly on the right to the center of the neck, and the right carotid common artery, carotid external artery and carotid internal artery were dissected along the margin of the inner side of sternocleidomastoid muscles. The open incision in the carotid internal artery and the proximal end of the common carotid artery were occluded respectively with noninvasive arterial clips. A small incision was made on the carotid external artery, and the distal end of the carotid external artery was ligated. The arterial clip at the proximal end of the carotid external artery was released, and 10 l blood was drawn before the proximal end of the common carotid artery was again occluded with a noninvasive arterial clip. The 10 l blood drawn was placed in a 1 mL EP vial and kept at RT for 30 min until coagulation of blood, and then transferred into a 20 C. refrigerator for 1 h to allow solid coagulation. After 1 h, the blood clots were taken out, added into 1 mL saline, and then broken into relatively uniform microthrombus by using a steel spatula. The microthrombus suspension was then transferred into a 1 mL injector until use. At the same time when the clip on the carotid internal artery of the rat was released, the 1 mL thrombus suspension in the injector was slowly injected from the carotid external artery of the rat to its proximal end, and then was injected into the brain of the rat through the carotid internal artery. Subsequently, the proximal end of the carotid external artery was ligated, the arterial clips on the carotid internal artery and the carotid common artery were released, and blood flow was restored. Injection of urokinase in normal saline (positive control group, at a dosage of 20000 IU/kg), tPA in normal saline (positive control group, at a dosage of 3 mg/kg), normal saline (blank control group, at a dosage of 3 mL/kg), or compound Ie in normal saline (at a dosage of 1 mol/kg, 0.1 mol/kg or 0.01 mol/kg) was carried out. 24 h after the rats were awake, the degree of damage in neural function was evaluated by the Zealonga method. A score of 0 indicated no sign of loss in neural function, 1 indicated the front limbs on the undamaged side could not stretch out, 2 indicated walking toward the undamaged side, 3 indicated tail-chasing walking in circles toward the undamaged side, 4 indicated involuntary walking with disturbance of consciousness, and 5 indicated death. The experimental results are shown in Table 8. As shown in the results, in rats receiving immediate treatment after the onset of stroke with 1 nmol/kg, 0.1 nmol/kg and 0.01 nmol/kg compound Ie, the percentage of rats with a neural function score of 0 was 60%, 30%, and 0%, respectively; and the percentage of rats with a neural function score of 1 was 20%, 30%, and 10%, respectively. Thus, it shows that the anti-stroke activity of compound Ie was dose-dependent. Further, in rats with stroke treated with 20000 IU/kg urokinase and 3 mg/kg tPA, the percentage of rats with a neural function score of 0 was 10% and 40%, respectively, and the percentage of rats with a neural function score of 1 was 50% and 10%, respectively; in comparison, the efficacy of 1 nmol/kg and 0.1 nmol/kg compound Ie was obviously superior.
(159) TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 In vivo anti-stroke activity of compound Ie of the present invention at different dosages Daily neural function scores (Mean SD) and number of rats scored Compounds Score 0 Score 1 Score 2 Score 3 Score 4 Score 5 normal saline 0 2 3 5 1 0 urokinase 1 5 0 3 1 0 tPA 4 1 1 3 1 0 Ie 1 nmol/kg 6 2 0 2 0 0 100 nmol/kg 3 3 0 3 1 0 10 nmol/kg 0 1 6 1 1 0 n = 10; a) p < 0.01 vs. normal saline
Experimental Example 9. Experiments on Rats Receiving 6 Successive Treatments with 1 mol/Kg Compound Ie of the Present Invention 4 Hours after the Onset of Stroke
(160) The efficacy was represented by neural function scores, and a lower score indicates higher efficacy. A 10% chloral hydrate solution was injected intraperitoneally into male SD rats at a dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight for anesthesia. A longitudinal incision was made at the center of the neck, and the right carotid common artery trunk was dissected (about 3 cm in length). Carotid external artery branches were each dissected and ligated at the hyoid level, and the carotid internal artery was dissected at the swollen part of the neck. The open incision in the carotid internal artery and the proximal end of the common carotid artery were occluded respectively with noninvasive arterial clips, and the distal end of the carotid external artery was ligated. A catheter containing 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline was inserted in the carotid external artery trunk. At the same time when the clip on the carotid internal artery was released, the 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline in the catheter slowly flew from the carotid external artery to its proximal end, and then was injected into the arteries in brain through the carotid internal artery. Subsequently, the proximal end of the carotid artery was ligated, the arterial clips on the carotid internal artery and the common carotid artery were released, and blood flow was restored. After the wound was stitched up, 20,000 IU penicillin was intramuscularly injected for prevention from infection. After 4 h, compound Ie in normal saline (at a dosage of 1 mol/kg, n=1), urokinase in normal saline (at a dosage of 20000 IU/kg, n=6) or tPA in normal saline (at a dosage of 3 mg/kg, n=6) was infused through the tail vein. Infusion of compound Ie in normal saline through rat tail vein was carried out once per day for 6 consecutive days, observed for 7 days. The rats were compared to themselves each day, and evaluated for degree of damage in neural function by the Zealonga method. Alternatively, infusion of urokinase in normal saline through rat tail vein was carried out once per day for two consecutive days, the rats were compared to themselves each day, and evaluated for the degree of damage in neural function by the Zealonga method. Alternatively, infusion of tPA in normal saline through rat tail vein was carried out once per day for two consecutive days, the rats were compared to themselves each day, and evaluated for the degree of damage in neural function by the Zealonga method. A score of 0 indicated no sign of loss in neural function, 1 indicated the front limbs on the undamaged side could not stretch out, 2 indicated walking toward the undamaged side, 3 indicated tail-chasing walking in circles toward the undamaged side, 4 indicated involuntary walking with disturbance of consciousness, and 5 indicated death. The experimental results are shown in Tables 9-1, 9-2 and 9-3.
(161) The data in Table 9-1 demonstrated that, in rats that received treatment 4 h after the onset of stroke with one dose of 1 mol/kg compound Ie each day for 6 consecutive days, excluding one that accidentally died on day 2, 8 out of the remaining 10 rats recovered to have no sign of loss in neural function while the rest 2 rats had only the sign of slight loss in neural function. Thus, compound Ie exhibited therapeutic effect at a dosage of 1 mol/kg in stroke beyond the golden treatment window.
(162) TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9-1 Efficacy in rats receiving treatment with 1 mol/kg compound Ie of the present invention 4 h after the onset of stroke Daily neural function scores (Mean SD) Time of and number of rats scored scoring Score 0 Score 1 Score 2 Score 3 Score 4 Score 5 Day 1 1 rat.sup. 4 rats 4 rats 1 rat 1 rat 0 Day 2 3 rats 5 rats 1 rat.sup. 1 rat 0 1 rat Day 3 5 rats 5 rats 0 0 0 0 Day 4 7 rats 3 rats 0 0 0 0 Day 5 8 rats 2 rats 0 0 0 0 Day 6 8 rats 2 rats 0 0 0 0 Day 7 8 rats 2 rats 0 0 0 0
(163) The data in Table 9-2 demonstrated that, in rats that received treatment 4 h after the onset of stroke with one dose of 20000 IU/kg urokinase each day, 2 out of 6 rats died within 48 h. Upon autopsy on the dead rats, both showed hemorrhage in internal organs, particularly severe hemorrhage in lungs. Therefore, the dosage regime was discontinued after two doses. No rats after receiving two doses recovered to have no sign of loss in neural function or to have only the sign of slight loss in neural function.
(164) TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 9-2 Efficacy in rats receiving treatment with 20000 IU/kg urokinase 4 h after the onset of stroke Daily neural function scores (Mean SD) Time of and number of rats scored scoring Score 0 Score 1 Score 2 Score 3 Score 4 Score 5 Day 1 2 rats 3 rats 1 rat Day 2 3 rats 1 rat.sup. 1 rat
(165) The data in Table 9-3 demonstrated that, in rats that received treatment 4 h after the onset of stroke with one dose of 3 mg/kg tPA each day, 1 out of 6 rats died within 24 h. Upon autopsy on the dead rat, it showed hemorrhage in internal organs, particularly severe hemorrhage in lungs. Therefore, the dosage regime was discontinued after two doses. No rats after receiving two doses recovered to have no sign of loss in neural function, and 2 rats recovered to have only the sign of slight loss in neural function.
(166) TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 9-3 Efficacy in rats receiving treatment with 3 mg/kg tPA 4 h after the onset of stroke Daily neural function scores (Mean SD) Time of and number of rats scored scoring Score 0 Score 1 Score 2 Score 3 Score 4 Score 5 Day 1 2 rats 3 rats 1 rat Day 2 2 rats 2 rats 1 rat.sup.
(167) In summary of the data in Table 9-1, 9-2 and 9-3, even for rats that received treatment 4 h after the onset of stroke for two consecutive days, compound Ie at a dosage of 1 mol/kg showed much higher efficacy than urokinase at a dosage of 20000 IU/kg and tPA at a dosage of 3 mg/kg.
Experimental Example 10. Experiments on Rats Receiving 6 Successive Treatments with 1 mol/Kg Compound Ie of the Present Invention 6 h after the Onset of Stroke
(168) The efficacy was represented by neural function scores, and a lower score indicates higher efficacy. A 10% chloral hydrate solution was injected intraperitoneally into male SD rats at a dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight for anesthesia. A longitudinal open incision was made at the center of the neck, and the right common carotid artery trunk was dissected (about 3 cm in length). Carotid external artery branches were each dissected and ligated at the hyoid level, and the carotid internal artery was dissected at the swollen part of the neck. The open incision in the carotid internal artery and the proximal end of the common carotid artery were occluded respectively with noninvasive arterial clips, and the distal end of the carotid external artery was ligated. A catheter containing 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline was inserted in the carotid external artery trunk. At the same time when the clip on the carotid internal artery was released, the 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline in the catheter slowly flew from the carotid external artery to its proximal end, and then was injected into the arteries in brain through the carotid internal artery. Subsequently, the proximal end of the carotid artery was ligated, the arterial clips on the carotid internal artery and the common carotid artery were released, and blood flow was restored. After the wound was stitched up, 20,000 IU penicillin was intramuscularly injected for prevention from infection. After 6 h, compound Ie in normal saline (at a dosage of 1 mol/kg, n=11), urokinase in normal saline (at a dosage of 20000 IU/kg, n=6) or tPA in normal saline (at a dosage of 3 mg/kg, n=6) was infused through the tail vein. Infusion of compound Ie in normal saline through rat tail vein was carried out once per day for 6 consecutive days, observed for 7 days. The rats were compared to themselves each day, and evaluated for the degree of damage in neural function by the Zealonga method. Alternatively, infusion of urokinase in normal saline through rat tail vein was carried out once per day for two consecutive days, the rats were compared to themselves each day, and evaluated for the degree of damage in neural function by the Zealonga method. Alternatively, infusion of tPA in normal saline through rat tail vein was carried out once per day for two consecutive days, the rats were compared to themselves each day, and evaluated for the degree of damage in neural function by the Zealonga method. A score of 0 indicated no sign of loss in neural function, 1 indicated the front limbs on the undamaged side could not stretch out, 2 indicated walking toward the undamaged side, 3 indicated tail-chasing walking in circles toward the undamaged side, 4 indicated involuntary walking with disturbance of consciousness, and 5 indicated death. The experimental results are shown in Tables 10-1, 10-2 and 10-3.
(169) The data in Table 10-1 demonstrated that, in rats that received treatment 6 h after the onset of stroke with one dose of 1 mol/kg compound Ie each day for 6 consecutive days, excluding two that accidentally died on day 2, 2 out of the remaining 9 rats recovered to have no sign of loss in neural function, one rat recovered to have only the sign of slight loss in neural function, and 6 showed the sign of tail-chasing walking in circles toward the undamaged side. Thus, compound Ie exhibited therapeutic effect at a dosage of 1 mol/kg in stroke beyond the golden treatment window.
(170) TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 10-1 Efficacy in rats receiving treatment with 1 mol/kg compound Ie of the present invention 6 h after the onset of stroke Daily neural function scores (Mean SD) Time of and number of rats scored scoring Score 0 Score 1 Score 2 Score 3 Score 4 Score 5 Day 1 0 .sup.3 rats 5 rats 2 rats 1 rat 0 Day 2 0 .sup.2 rats 2 rats 4 rats 1 rat 2 rats Day 3 0 .sup.2 rats 4 rats 2 rats 1 rat 0 Day 4 1 rat.sup. 1 rat 2 rats 4 rats 0 0 Day 5 1 rat.sup. 1 rat 2 rats 4 rats 0 0 Day 6 2 rats 1 rat 1 rat.sup. 4 rats 1 rat 0 Day 7 2 rats 1 rat 0 6 rats 0 0
(171) The data in Table 10-2 demonstrated that, in rats that received treatment 6 h after the onset of stroke with one dose of 20000 IU/kg urokinase each day, 4 out of 6 rats died within 24 h. Upon autopsy on the dead rats, all showed hemorrhage in internal organs, particularly severe hemorrhage in lungs. Therefore, the dosage regime was discontinued after two doses. One rat after receiving two doses recovered to have no sign of loss in neural function, and one rat showed the sign of involuntary walking with disturbance of consciousness.
(172) TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 10-2 Efficacy in rats receiving treatment with 20000 IU/kg urokinase 6 h after the onset of stroke Daily neural function scores (Mean SD) Time of and number of rats scored scoring Score 0 Score 1 Score 2 Score 3 Score 4 Score 5 Day 1 1 rat 1 rat 4 rats Day 2 1 rat 1 rat
(173) The data in Table 10-3 demonstrated that, in rats that received treatment 6 h after the onset of stroke with one dose of 3 mg/kg tPA each day, 2 out of 6 rats died within 24 h. Upon autopsy on the dead rats, both showed hemorrhage in internal organs, particularly severe hemorrhage in lungs. Therefore, the dosage regime was discontinued after two doses. No rats after receiving two doses recovered to have no sign of loss in neural function, 2 rats recovered to have only the sign of slight loss in neural function, one rat showed the sign of tail-chasing walking in circles toward the undamaged side, and one rat showed the sign of involuntary walking with disturbance of consciousness.
(174) TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 10-3 Efficacy in rats receiving treatment with 3 mg/kg tPA 6 h after the onset of stroke Daily neural function scores (Mean SD) Time of and number of rats scored scoring Score 0 Score 1 Score 2 Score 3 Score 4 Score 5 Day 1 1 rat.sup. 1 rat 1 rat 1 rat 2 rats Day 2 2 rats 1 rat 1 rat
(175) In summary of the data in Table 10-1, 10-2 and 10-3, even for rats that received treatment 6 h after the onset of stroke for two consecutive days, compound Ie at a dosage of 1 mol/kg showed much higher efficacy than urokinase at a dosage of 20000 IU/kg and tPA at a dosage of 3 mg/kg.
Experimental Example 11. Experiments on Rats Receiving Treatments 6 h after the Onset of Stroke with Compound Ie of the Present Invention at an Initial Dosage of 5 mol/Kg and 5 Subsequent Dosages of 2 mol/Kg Each
(176) The efficacy was represented by neural function scores, and a lower score indicates higher efficacy. A 10% chloral hydrate solution was injected intraperitoneally into male SD rats at a dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight for anesthesia. A longitudinal open incision was made at the center of the neck, and the right common carotid artery trunk was dissected (about 3 cm in length). Carotid external artery branches were each dissected and ligated at the hyoid level, and the carotid internal artery was dissected at the swollen part of the neck. The open incision in the carotid internal artery and the proximal end of the common carotid artery were occluded respectively with noninvasive arterial clips, and the distal end of the carotid external artery was ligated. A catheter containing 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline was inserted in the carotid external artery trunk. At the same time when the clip on the carotid internal artery was released, the 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline in the catheter slowly flew from the carotid external artery to its proximal end, and then was injected into the arteries in brain through the carotid internal artery. Subsequently, the proximal end of the carotid artery was ligated, the arterial clips on the carotid internal artery and the common carotid artery were released, and blood flow was restored. After the wound was stitched up, 20,000 IU penicillin was intramuscularly injected for prevention from infection. After 6 h, compound Ie in normal saline (at an initial dosage of 5 mol/kg, n=12) was infused through the tail vein. Then, infusion of compound Ie in normal saline (at a dosage of 2 mol/kg, n=12) through rat tail vein was carried out once per day for 6 consecutive days, observed for 7 days. The rats were compared to themselves each day, and evaluated for the degree of damage in neural function by the Zealonga method. A score of 0 indicated no sign of loss in neural function, 1 indicated the front limbs on the undamaged side could not stretch out, 2 indicated walking toward the undamaged side, 3 indicated tail-chasing walking in circles toward the undamaged side, 4 indicated involuntary walking with disturbance of consciousness, and 5 indicated death. The experimental results are shown in Table 11.
(177) The data in Table 11 demonstrated that, efficacy was shown in rats that received treatment 6 h after the onset of stroke with one dose of 5 mol/kg compound Ie on day 1 and one dose of 2 mol/kg compound Ie per day for the following 5 days. Among the 12 rats that received the treatment, two were dead, while 6 out of the remaining 10 rats recovered to have no sign of loss in neural function, two had only the sign of slight loss in neural function, one showed the sign of walking toward the undamaged side, and one showed the sign of tail-chasing walking in circles toward the undamaged side. Thus, continuous treatment with compound Ie showed therapeutic effect on stroke beyond the golden treatment window.
(178) TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 11 Efficacy in rats receiving treatment with compound Ie of the present invention 6 h after the onset of stroke Rat Daily neural function scores (Mean SD) No. Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 1 5 4 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 7 5 8 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 11 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 12 1 1 4 3 3 3 3
Experimental Example 12. Experiments on Rats Receiving Treatments 24 h after the Onset of Stroke with Compound Ie of the Present Invention at an Initial Dosage of 5 mol/Kg and 5 Subsequent Dosages of 2 mol/Kg Each
(179) The efficacy was represented by neural function scores, and a lower score indicates a higher efficacy. A 10% chloral hydrate solution was injected intraperitoneally into male SD rats at a dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight for anesthesia. A longitudinal open incision was made at the center of the neck, and the right common carotid artery trunk was dissected (about 3 cm in length). Carotid external artery branches were each dissected and ligated at the hyoid level, and the carotid internal artery was dissected at the swollen part of the neck. The open incisions in the carotid internal artery and the proximal end of the common carotid artery were occluded respectively with noninvasive arterial clips, and the distal end of the carotid external artery was ligated. A catheter containing 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline was inserted in the carotid external artery trunk. At the same time when the clip on the carotid internal artery was released, the 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline in the catheter slowly flew from the carotid external artery to its proximal end, and then was injected into the arteries in brain through the carotid internal artery. Subsequently, the proximal end of the carotid artery was ligated, the arterial clips on the carotid internal artery and the common carotid artery were released, and blood flow was restored. After the wound was stitched up, 20,000 IU penicillin was intramuscularly injected for prevention from infection. After 24 h, compound Ie in normal saline (at an initial dosage of 5 mol/kg, n=12) was infused through the tail vein. Then, infusion of compound Ie in normal saline (at a dosage of 2 mol/kg, n=12) through rat tail vein was carried out once per day for 6 consecutive days, observed for 7 days. The rats were compared to themselves each day, and evaluated for the degree of damage in neural function by the Zealonga method. A score of 0 indicated no sign of loss in neural function, 1 indicated the front limbs on the undamaged side could not stretch out, 2 indicated walking toward the undamaged side, 3 indicated tail-chasing walking in circles toward the undamaged side, 4 indicated involuntary walking with disturbance of consciousness, and 5 indicated death. The experimental results are shown in Table 12.
(180) The data in Table 12 demonstrated that efficacy was shown in rats that received treatment 24 h after the onset of stroke with one dose of 5 mol/kg compound Ie on day 1 and one dose of 2 mol/kg compound Ie per day for the following 5 days. Among the 12 rats that received the treatment, three were dead, while 8 out of the remaining 9 rats recovered to have no sign of loss in neural function, and one had only the sign of slight loss in neural function. Thus, continuous treatment with compound Ie showed therapeutic effect on stroke beyond the golden treatment window.
(181) TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 12 Efficacy in rats receiving treatment with compound Ie of the present invention 24 h after the onset of stroke Rat Daily neural function scores (Mean SD) No. Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 1 3 2 2 1 0 0 0 2 3 2 1 1 1 0 0 3 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 5 5 6 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 7 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 8 3 4 2 1 1 0 0 9 5 10 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 11 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 2 1 1 1 0 0 0
Experimental Example 13. Experiments on Rats Receiving Treatments with 6 Successive Administrations of 2 mol/Kg Compound Ie of the Present Invention 6 h after the Onset of Stroke
(182) The efficacy was represented by neural function scores, and a lower score indicates a higher efficacy. A 10% chloral hydrate solution was injected intraperitoneally into male SD rats at a dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight for anesthesia. A longitudinal open incision was made at the center of the neck, and the right common carotid artery trunk was dissected (about 3 cm in length). Carotid external artery branches were each dissected and ligated at the hyoid level, and the carotid internal artery was dissected at the swollen part of the neck. The open incisions in the carotid internal artery and the proximal end of the common carotid artery were occluded respectively with noninvasive arterial clips, and the distal end of the carotid external artery was ligated. A catheter containing 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline was inserted in the carotid external artery trunk. At the same time when the clip on the carotid internal artery was released, the 0.5 mL thrombus suspension in normal saline in the catheter slowly flew from the carotid external artery to its proximal end, and then was injected into the arteries in brain through the carotid internal artery. Different from the previous experimental examples, the thrombus clots used in this experimental example was a remarkably solid thrombus suspension in normal saline prepared by using more aged thrombus having been stored at RT for 24 h, instead of the thrombus suspension in normal saline prepared by using thrombus stored at 24 C. Subsequently, the proximal end of the carotid artery was ligated, the arterial clips on the carotid internal artery and the common carotid artery were released, and blood flow was restored. After the wound was stitched up, 20,000 IU penicillin was intramuscularly injected for prevention from infection. After 6 h, compound Ie in normal saline (at an initial dosage of 5 mol/kg, n=12) was infused through the tail vein. Then, infusion of compound Ie in normal saline (at a dosage of 2 mol/kg, n=12) through rat tail vein was carried out once per day for 6 consecutive days, observed for 7 days. The rats were compared to themselves each day, and evaluated for the degree of damage in neural function by the Zealonga method. A score of 0 indicated no sign of loss in neural function, 1 indicated the front limbs on the undamaged side could not stretch out, 2 indicated walking toward the undamaged side, 3 indicated tail-chasing walking in circles toward the undamaged side, 4 indicated involuntary walking with disturbance of consciousness, and 5 indicated death. The experimental results are shown in Table 13.
(183) TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 13 Efficacy in rats receiving treatment with 2 mol/kg compound Ie of the present invention 6 h after the onset of stroke Rat Daily neural function scores (Mean SD) No. Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 1 4 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 4 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 6 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 7 5 8 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 9 5 10 5 11 5 12 3 5
(184) The data in Table 13 demonstrated that, in rat models 6 h after the onset of stroke induced by aged thrombus, efficacy was shown after 6 successive treatments with one dose of 2 mol/kg compound Ie per day for 6 consecutive days. Among the 12 rats that received the treatment, six were dead, while 1 out of the remaining 6 rats recovered to have no sign of loss in neural function, and five had only the sign of slight loss in neural function. Thus, continuous treatment with compound Ie showed therapeutic effect on old stroke.
(185) It should be noted that, because compounds Ia to Il except Ie in Experimental examples 1 to 7 achieved the effects in NO free radical scavenging, euglobulin colt lysis, thrombolysis, anti-thrombus action, and treatment in rats with stroke similar to those of compound Ie, the other compounds of Ia to Il may achieve the same therapeutic effects on old stroke as compound Ie did.
Experimental Example 14. Experiments on Nanostructures of Compounds Ia to Il of the Present Invention at a Concentration of 110.SUP.6 .M, 110.SUP.9 .M and 110.SUP.12 .M
(186) Compounds Ia to Il according to the present invention were prepared into 110.sup.6 M, 110.sup.9 M and 110.sup.12 M solutions, respectively. 10 L solution was taken and dropped onto a copper grid with a filter paper placed underneath, air dried, and then observed under a transmission electronic microscope (TEM) (JEOL, JEM-1230). Photographs were taken so as to record the morphology and particle size.
(187) 1. Test compound: compounds Ia to Il of the present invention
(188) 2. Test method: the test compound (Ia to Il) was prepared into 110.sup.6 M, 110.sup.9 M and 110.sup.12 M solutions with triple-distilled water, respectively. A small amount (about 10 l) was taken and dropped onto the surface of a copper grid with a filter paper placed underneath, air dried, and were then observed under TEM (JEOL, JEM-1230) for the morphology and particle size which were recorded in photographs.
(189) 3. Test results: results are shown in
Experimental Example 15. High Resolution FT-MS Experiments of Compounds Ia to Il of the Present Invention at Concentrations of 110.SUP.6 .M, 110.SUP.9 .M and 110.SUP.12 .M
(190) Compounds Ia to Il were prepared into a 12.5 M solution with triple-distilled water, and a 10 L sample was loaded onto a solariX FT-ICR mass spectroscopy (Bruker Daltonik). Intermolecular association status was observed and data was acquired. The results are listed in Table 14 to 16.
(191) TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 14 High resolution FT-MS data of dimers formed by compounds Ia-Il of the present invention at three different concentrations Concentration Compounds 1 10.sup.6M/dimer 1 10.sup.9M/dimer 1 10.sup.12M/dimer Ia 2748.4580 2748.4580 2748.4580 Ib 2772.5308 2772.5308 2772.5308 Ic 2888.5308 2888.5308 2888.5308 Id 2720.4266 2720.4266 2720.4266 Ie 2744.4994 2744.4994 2744.4994 If 2840.4994 2840.4994 2840.4994 Ig 2606.3838 2606.3838 2606.3838 Ih 2630.4564 2630.4564 2630.4564 Ii 2726.4564 2726.4564 2726.4564 Ij 2294.1814 2294.1814 2294.1814 Ik 2318.2542 2318.2542 2318.2542 Il 2414.2542 2414.2542 2414.2542
(192) TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 15 High resolution FT-MS data of trimers formed by compounds Ia-Il of the present invention at three different concentrations Concentration Compounds 1 10.sup.6M/trimer 1 10.sup.9M/trimer 1 10.sup.12M/trimer Ia 4122.1870 4122.1870 4122.1870 Ib 4158.2962 4158.2962 4158.2962 Ic 4332.2962 4332.2962 4332.2962 Id 4080.1399 4080.1399 4080.1399 Ie 4116.2491 4116.2491 4116.2491 If 4260.2491 4260.2491 4260.2491 Ig 3909.0757 3909.0757 3909.0757 Ih 3945.1846 3945.1846 3945.1846 Ii 4089.1846 4089.1846 4089.1846 Ij 3440.7721 3440.7721 3440.7721 Ik 3476.8813 3476.8813 3476.8813 Il 3620.8813 3620.8813 3620.8813
(193) TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 16 High resolution FT-MS data of tetramers formed by compounds Ia-Il of the present invention at three different concentrations Concentration 1 10.sup.6M/ 1 10.sup.9M/ 1 10.sup.12M/ Compounds tetramer tetramer tetramer Ia 5495.9160 5495.9160 5495.9160 Ib 5544.0616 5544.0616 5544.0616 Ic 5776.0616 5776.0616 5776.0616 Id 5439.8532 5439.8532 5439.8532 Ie 5487.9988 5487.9988 5487.9988 If 5679.9976 5679.9976 5679.9976 Ig 5211.7676 5211.7676 5211.7676 Ih 5259.9128 5259.9128 5259.9128 Ii 5451.9128 5451.9128 5451.9128 Ij 4587.3628 4587.3628 4587.3628 Ik 4635.5084 4635.5084 4635.5084 Il 4827.5084 4827.5084 4827.5084
(194) Table 14 to 16 show the precise mass numbers measured by FT High resolution MS. These mass numbers indicate that dimers, trimers, and tetramers were all detected at three different concentrations of compounds Ia-Il of the present invention. Therefore, the compounds according to the present invention can form dimers, trimers and tetramers in an aqueous solution at the same time.
Experimental Example 16. High Resolution FT-MS Experiments of Compound Ie of the Present Invention at Concentrations of 10.0 M, 1.0 M, 0.1 M and 0.01 M
(195) For MS visualization, Compounds Ie was prepared into 10.0 M, 1.0 M, 0.1 M and 0.01 M solutions with triple-distilled water, and a 10 L sample was loaded onto a solariX FT-ICR mass spectroscopy (Bruker Daltonik). Intermolecular association status was observed and data was acquired. The results are shown in
(196) The dimers, trimers and tetramers formed by the compounds of the present invention further assembled into nanospheres having a diameter of 2 to 300 nm. Among nanospheres of such sizes, nanospheres having a diameter less than 100 nm was over 99%. It is a well known fact in nanopharmacology that nanospheres having a diameter of less than 100 nm are unlikely to be engulfed by macrophages during transportation in blood and may readily cross the capillary wall. These properties allow the compounds according to the present invention to cross the blood-brain barrier. It is the property of crossing the blood-brain barrier of the compounds according to the present invention that enables the metabolic products of the compounds according to the present invention to be detectable in brain tissues in rats receiving treatment of stroke.
Experimental Example 17. Experiments on High-Resolution FT-MS Monitoring the Metabolic Products in Brain Tissues in Rats Treated with Compound Ie According to the Present Invention
(197) The entire rat brain was taken out and placed into a 50 mL centrifuge tube, into which 10 mL 0.9% NaCl was added, and homogenized to obtain a uniform suspension which was then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. 5 mL supernatant was added into 10 mL methanol and evenly mixed by shaking, and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was concentrated under reduced pressure until dry, followed by addition of 1 mL methanol, and again centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 10 min. The resultant supernatant was used for monitoring of the content of metabolic products in brain tissues in rats treated with compound Ie.
(198) High-resolution FT-MS experimental results showed two metabolic products M1 and M2 in the brain. Among them, M1 had a [M+1].sup.+ of 291.06971 and a molecular formula of C.sub.15H.sub.19O.sub.5N.sub.2; and M2 had a [M+1].sup.+ of 307.04350 and a molecular formula of C.sub.15H.sub.19O.sub.4N.sub.2. (MS conditions: loading: 10 L; ionization mode: ES+; cone voltage: 30 V; mobile phase flow rate: 0.2 mL/min). According to the above data, the metabolic products M1 and M2 were assumed as the following compounds:
(199) TABLE-US-00021 M1
(200) This demonstrated that the compound Ie of the present invention did indeed cross the blood-brain barrier, enabling the effect of NO free radical scavenging, thrombolysis and the anti-thrombus effect in brain.