Gas recovery from wastewater

Abstract

The present invention is in the field of a system for gas recovery from wastewater, a method for treating wastewater, and a method wherein ammonia and carbon dioxide are recovered. Typically a wastewater stream is fed into the system, treated and stripped from ammonia and carbon dioxide, and a cleaner stream is released.

Claims

1. A wastewater gas recovery apparatus for recovering NH.sub.3 and CO.sub.2 comprising: between 20 and 1024 ion exchange units in parallel, each ion exchange unit comprising: i) at least three ion exchange compartments; wherein the at least three ion exchange compartments comprise: a first alkaline ion exchange compartment being in fluidic contact with a positive side of a bipolar membrane and with a cation exchange membrane comprising NH.sub.4.sup.+ and OH.sup.−; ii) a wastewater input for providing wastewater to the second ion exchange compartment; iii) a treated water output adapted to receive output from the second ion exchange compartment; iv) a cathode and an anode for providing a voltage; v) at least two electrode rinse compartments being in electrical contact with the cathode or with the anode, wherein each of the at least two electrode rinse compartments are also in electrical contact with at least one of the bipolar membrane, the anion exchange membrane, the cation exchange membrane, or a further membrane, and wherein each of the at least two electrode rinse compartments comprise salt; vi) at least three recirculation units, comprising . . . and vii) a tube for removing gaseous ammonia and/or a tube for removing gaseous CO.sub.2.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first alkaline recirculation unit is in fluidic contact with at least one hydrophobic membrane and/or the second acidic recirculation unit is in fluidic contact with at least one hydrophobic membrane; and wherein each hydrophobic membrane is impermeable to liquids and permeable to gases.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first alkaline recirculation unit is in fluidic contact with at least one hydrophobic membrane and/or the second acidic recirculation unit is fluidic contact with at least one hydrophobic membrane; and wherein any membrane of the at least one hydrophobic membrane of the first alkaline recirculation unit and/or the second acidic recirculation unit is either macroporous, with an average pore size of 50-500 nm, or microporous, with an average pore size of 0.4-10 nm.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first alkaline recirculation unit is in fluidic contact with at least one hydrophobic membrane and/or the second acidic recirculation unit is in fluidic contact with at least one hydrophobic membrane; and wherein any membrane of the at least one hydrophobic membrane of the first alkaline recirculation unit and/or the second acidic recirculation unit is selected from polymeric material, inorganic material, and combinations thereof.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in operation at least one of a voltage of 0.1-5 V per ion exchange unit is applied; a pH in the first alkaline ion exchange compartment is from 7-14; a pH in the third acidic ion exchange compartment is from 1-7; a current density is from 5-500 A/m.sup.2; a flow parallel to a membrane is each individually from 0.01-0.20 m/s; a NH.sub.4.sup.+ flux over the cation exchange membranes is each individually 0.2-20 mole/m.sup.2/h; a HCO.sub.3.sup.− flux over the anion exchange membranes is each individually 0.2-20 mole/m.sup.2/h; an operating temperature is from 10-80° C.; the [NH.sub.4.sup.+] and [HCO.sub.3.sup.−] in the second ion exchange compartment is each individually 10.sup.−3-2 mole/L; the first alkaline recirculation unit is in fluidic contact with at least one hydrophobic membrane and/or the second acidic recirculation unit is in fluidic contact with at least one hydrophobic membrane, and a vacuum of 0.1-90 kPa is each individually applied over the hydrophobic membranes; a flux of wastewater and recirculation is each individually 0.01-10 kg/m.sup.2/h; and an NH.sub.3 flux in the first alkaline recirculation unit and a CO.sub.2 flux in the second acidic recirculation unit is each individually 50-5000 g/m.sup.2/h.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electrode rinse compartments are in electrical contact with: a) the cathode or the anode, and b) at least one of the bipolar membrane, the anion exchange membrane, or the cation exchange membrane.

Description

FIGURES

(1) The invention although described in detailed explanatory context may be best understood in conjunction with the accompanying figures.

(2) FIG. 1-5 show schematics of the present system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

(3) In the figures: 100 present system 2 spacer 11 bipolar membrane 11a first bipolar membrane 11b second bipolar membrane 12 cation exchange membrane 13 anion exchange membrane 21 electrode rinse compartment (anodic) 22 electrode rinse compartment (cathodic) 30 ion exchange unit 31 first alkaline compartment 32 second salt compartment 33 third acidic compartment 41 anode 42 cathode 51 alkaline recirculation unit 52 acidic recirculation unit 61 ammonia stripper 61a (hydrophobic) membrane 61b strip chamber 62 gaseous CO.sub.2 stripper 62a (hydrophobic) membrane 62b strip chamber 70 wastewater input 71 treated water output 72 tube for removing gaseous ammonia 73 tube for removing gaseous CO.sub.2 74a electrode rinse recirculation unit 74b electrode rinse recirculation unit 81 liquid pump 82 vacuum pump

(4) FIG. 1-3 show an exemplary set-ups of the present system.

(5) FIG. 4 shows a stacked variant of the present system.

(6) FIG. 5 shows optional spacers.

(7) The figures have been detailed throughout the description.

(8) FIG. 1 shows a cell triplet provided with cation exchange membranes at the electrodes.

(9) FIG. 2 shows a cell triplet provided with anion exchange membranes at the electrodes.

(10) FIG. 3 shows a cell triplet provided with bipolar membranes at the electrodes.

(11) FIG. 4 represents a plural version of FIG. 1.

(12) FIG. 5 shows that all membranes (11, 12 and 13) are separated by spacers 2. The spacers are made of polyethylene/silicone material and woven into a mesh. The liquids flow through the void fraction of the spacers, forming the salt, acid and alkaline chambers. The spacers are sealed on the top and bottom, making sure that the liquids are not leaking out of the membrane stack. The electrodes (anode and cathode) and the membranes next to the electrodes are also separated by spacers, forming the electrode rinse chambers.