Abstract
The disclosure relates to formwork for producing a concrete element, in particular a wall element or ceiling element, having an opening, in particular a window opening or door opening, the formwork comprising: a formwork panel; opening formwork, which has a frame element for delimiting a portion of the opening, a support bracket for supporting the frame element, and a mounting element for mounting the support bracket; a formwork-stripping device for transferring the opening formwork from a formwork position for the formation of the opening into a formwork-stripping position for the release of the concrete element, wherein the formwork-stripping device has a sliding and tilting mechanism for sliding the frame element in a direction parallel to the formwork panel and for tilting the frame element about a pivot axis running substantially parallel to the formwork panel.
Claims
1. A formwork for the production of a concrete element comprising: a formwork panel, an opening formwork with a frame element to delimit a portion of the opening, with a support bracket for supporting the frame element and with a mounting element for mounting the support bracket, a formwork-stripping device for transferring the opening formwork from a formwork position to form the opening into a formwork-stripping position for releasing the concrete element, the formwork-stripping device comprises a sliding and tilting mechanism for sliding the frame element in one direction parallel to the formwork panel and for tilting the frame element about a pivot axis extending substantially parallel to the formwork panel.
2. The formwork according to claim 1, wherein the pivot axis of the sliding and tilting mechanism is substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the frame element.
3. The formwork according to claim 1, wherein the sliding and tilting mechanism of the formwork-stripping device comprises a longitudinal guide, and a guide element slidably and pivotably mounted therein, wherein the longitudinal guide is provided on one of the support bracket and mounting element and the guide element is provided at the other of the support bracket and mounting element.
4. The formwork according to claim 1, wherein the support bracket at a end region facing the pivot axis comprises a rounding to exempt a pivot of the support bracket.
5. The formwork according to claim 1, wherein a securing element is provided for securing the support bracket in the formwork position.
6. The formwork according to claim 5, wherein the securing element is connected to the mounting element via a detachable connection.
7. The formwork according to claim 6, wherein the screw connection comprises a threaded bolt, wherein the securing element comprises a retaining hole for attaching to the threaded bolt.
8. The formwork according to claim 5, wherein the securing element comprises a first retaining surface for resting on an outer side of the support bracket facing away from the formwork panel and/or a second retaining surface for resting on a front side of the support bracket facing away from the frame element.
9. The formwork according to claim 5, wherein the mounting element comprises at least one first wedge surface and the securing element comprises at least one second wedge surface, wherein in a secured state of the securing element the second wedge surface of the securing element rests on the first wedge surface of the mounting element.
10. The formwork according to claim 1, wherein the mounting element comprises at least two mounting points for the mounting of at least two support brackets.
11. The formwork according to claim 10, wherein the mounting points each comprise at least one retaining flange with a mounting opening.
12. The formwork according to claim 1, wherein the formwork comprises another formwork panel, wherein the formwork panel and the other formwork panel at their first end regions are pivotably connected to each other, so that the formwork panel and the other formwork panel can be transferred from a standing state to a lying state.
13. A battery mould comprising: a formwork for the production of a concrete element with an opening according to claim 1; another formwork element, wherein a formwork chamber is provided between the formwork panel of the formwork and the other formwork element.
14. A method for the production of a concrete element, with the steps: provision of a formwork for the production of a concrete element with an opening according to claim 1, comprising: arrangement of opening formwork in the formwork position, casting of the concrete element with the formwork, separation of the concrete element from the formwork, wherein at least one frame element of the opening formwork when separating the concrete element from the formwork is slid in one direction parallel to the formwork panel and tilted about a pivot axis extending substantially parallel to the formwork panel.
15. The formwork according to claim 1, wherein the concrete element is a wall or ceiling element, and wherein the opening is a window or door opening.
16. The formwork according to claim 6, wherein the detachable connection is detachable via a screw connection.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0037] The disclosure is further explained below on the basis of a preferred exemplary embodiment, to which, however, it should not be limited.
[0038] FIG. 1 schematically shows a frontal view of a formwork according to the disclosure with an opening formwork for the production of a concrete element with a window or door opening, wherein the opening formwork comprises four frame elements, which are attached to mounting elements via support brackets.
[0039] FIG. 2 schematically shows a sectional view of the formwork according to the disclosure, wherein the opening formwork is arranged in a formwork position in which the frame element is still attached to the finished concrete element.
[0040] FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 show the formwork in FIG. 2, wherein the frame element is slid away and pivoted away by means of a sliding and tilting mechanism into a formwork-stripping position separated from the concrete element.
[0041] FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 show views corresponding to FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 of a modified embodiment of the formwork, which comprises an attachment bracket between the support bracket and the frame element of the opening formwork for the production of a thicker concrete element.
[0042] FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of the formwork in the region of the opening formwork, wherein the opening formwork is fixed in the formwork position by means of a securing element.
[0043] FIG. 8 shows a view of the formwork in which a retaining nut on the securing element was released to prepare for stripping.
[0044] FIG. 9 shows a view of the formwork in which the securing element was removed from the mounting element at the front side of the formwork panel in order to release the sliding and pivoting of the frame elements attached to the mounting element.
[0045] FIG. 10 shows a detailed view of the formwork.
[0046] FIG. 11 shows an alternative embodiment variant in which only one frame element is mounted to the mounting element of the opening formwork.
[0047] FIG. 12 shows the variant of FIG. 11, but without the securing element.
[0048] FIG. 13 shows a battery mould in which the formwork according to the disclosure can be used.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0049] FIG. 1 shows a formwork device, hereinafter referred to in short as the formwork 1, for the production of a concrete element 2 (shown in FIG. 2), which is, in particular, a rectangular wall or ceiling element. The formwork 1 comprises a formwork panel, i.e., a formwork panel 3, which comprises an inner side 4 to delimit an accommodating space for concrete and an outer side 5 facing away from the accommodating space (cf. FIG. 2). The inner side 4 and the outer side 5 of the formwork panel 3 are substantially flat. On the inner side 4 of the formwork panel 3, an opening formwork 6 is arranged, with which a window or door opening 7 on the concrete element 2 is formed. The opening formwork 6 comprises at least one frame element 8, which delimits a straight portion of opening 7. In the embodiment shown, four frame elements 8 are arranged at right angles to each other to specify a rectangular opening 7. The frame elements 8 are each connected via at least one support bracket 9 with at least one mounting element 10, which is attached to the inner side 4 of the formwork panel 3. In the embodiment in FIG. 1, each frame element 8 is connected to two mounting elements 10 via two support brackets 9.
[0050] As can be seen from FIG. 2, a formwork-stripping device 11 is provided with which the opening formwork 6 can be moved from a formwork position shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 for concreting the concrete element into a formwork-stripping position shown in FIG. 3, 4 for releasing the concrete element 2 from the formwork 1. The formwork-stripping device 11 comprises a sliding and tilting mechanism 12, which is set up to slide the frame element 8 in a direction 13 parallel to the formwork panel 3 (cf. double arrow 13 in FIG. 3) and to tilt a pivot axis substantially parallel to the formwork panel 3 (cf. double arrow 14 in FIG. 3). In the embodiment shown, the pivot axis of the sliding and tilting mechanism 12 runs parallel to the longitudinal axis 15 of the frame element 8 (cf. FIG. 1).
[0051] The sliding and tilting mechanism 12 of the formwork-stripping device 11 comprises a longitudinal guide 16 (here an oblong hole) in which a guide element 17 (here a bolt) can be slid and pivoted. In the embodiment shown, the longitudinal guide 16 is provided on the support bracket 9 and the guide element 17 is provided on the mounting element 10. The support bracket 9 comprises a rounding 18 (i.e., a rounded outer contour) at the end region facing the pivot axis adjacent to the inner side 4 of the formwork panel 3, by means of which the pivoting of the support bracket 9 is released.
[0052] As can be seen from FIG. 2, the formwork 1 also comprises a securing element 19 (not shown in FIG. 1) for securing the support bracket 9 in the formwork position. The securing element 19 is connected to the mounting element 10 via a detachable connection, in the embodiment shown via a screw connection. The screw connection comprises a threaded bolt 20, which is fixed in the centre of the mounting element 10. The securing element 19 comprises a retaining hole 21 (cf. FIG. 8) for attaching to the threaded bolt 20. The securing element 19 also comprises a first retaining surface 22 for resting on an outer side 9a of the support bracket 9 facing away from the formwork panel and a second retaining surface 23 for resting on a front side 9b of the support bracket 9 facing away from the frame element 8. In addition, the mounting element 10 comprises a first wedge surface 24, on which a second wedge surface 25 of the securing element 19 is attached in the secured state.
[0053] In the embodiment shown, the mounting element 10 comprises four mounting points 26, at which at least one support bracket 9 and up to four support brackets 9 (including a corresponding number of frame elements 8) are arranged. The mounting points 26 each comprise two retaining flanges 27 with mounting openings 28, to which a bolt 29 for the support bracket 9 can be detachably attached. The bolt 29 can be secured using a securing cotter pin 30.
[0054] As can be seen from FIG. 1, the opening formwork also comprise corner formwork parts 31, which are arranged at the corners between two adjacent frame elements 8 of the opening formwork.
[0055] FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 show an embodiment variant in which an additional attachment bracket 33 is provided between the frame element 8 and the support bracket 9.
[0056] FIGS. 7 to 10 show the stripping process.
[0057] In the hardened state of the concrete element 2, the corner formwork parts 31 of the opening formwork are first dismantled (cf. FIG. 7). Subsequently, a retaining nut 32 is loosened, which is screwed to the end of the threaded bolt 20 to hold the securing element 19 on the mounting element 10 (cf. FIG. 8). After that, the securing element 19 is removed from the mounting element 10 (cf. FIG. 9). This frees up the slidability and pivotability of the frame elements 8. Thereby, the concrete element 2 can be lifted away from the formwork 1. Already by contact with the concrete element 2, the frame element 8 can be slid and tilted in such a way that the lifting of the concrete element 2 is not blocked.
[0058] FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of, for example, the battery mould 34, known from WO 2017/174432, with formwork devices 35, which comprise the formwork 1 described above.
[0059] The battery mould 34 is used for the production of construction elements (not shown in FIG. 1) and, in particular, precast concrete elements for buildings. The battery mould 34 comprises a carrying structure 36 with distanced support sections 37. The number of support sections 37 in FIG. 1 is only to be regarded as an example and can be adapted to the circumstances at hand. Furthermore, the battery mould 34 comprises two support devices 38, in which the bulkhead partitions 39 and the formwork devices 35 are held in a suspended and moveable manner, i.e., in the present embodiment, being slidable. The formwork devices 35 are located between the bulkhead partitions 39. Between at least one bulkhead 39 and a formwork device 35, a cavity to be filled with concrete is formed, wherein preferably the formwork device 35 supports formwork elements (not shown), which determine the contour of the precast concrete element. The formwork elements can, for example, delimit doors or window cut-outs and also seal the cavity filled with concrete during concreting. The formwork elements can, for example, be attached to the formwork device 35 using magnetic holders. In addition, a heating device (not shown) and/or a vibrator (not shown) can also be mounted on the formwork device 35. The formwork device 35 is used between two bulkhead partitions 39 and clamped with them during concreting. The number of support devices 38 of the bulkhead partitions 6 and the formwork devices 2 is to be regarded merely as an example and can be varied depending on the circumstances at hand. For example, formwork devices 35 can be provided for concreting the outer walls, interior walls, floor and roof of a house so that with the battery mould 34 the construction elements for an entire building can be produced simultaneously. The bulkhead partitions 39 and the formwork devices 35 are clamped between two support devices 40. The number of support devices 40 is also to be regarded as merely an example and can be varied according to the requirements at hand. At least one support device 40 is held in the support devices 38 in a moveable manner, i.e., in the present embodiment, being slidable. For stabilisation during concreting, the formwork devices 35 and the support devices 40 can be connected and clamped by one or a plurality of rod-shaped connecting devices 41. The number of connecting devices 41 can be adapted to the conditions at hand. Instead of rod-shaped connecting devices 41, hydraulic connecting devices are also possible. However, the rod-shaped connecting devices 41 are particularly robust and easy to handle. Furthermore, the battery mould 34 comprises a lifting device 42 with which at least one of the formwork devices 35 from the lowered concreting can be transferred to a raised transport position, in which the formwork device 35 can be transferred via a formwork device 35 located in the concreting position in one direction substantially perpendicular to the lifting device. In the case of the battery mould 34, the formwork devices 35 are hung from above into the support devices 38 so that they are distanced from the floor in the suspended state in the concreting position between the support sections 37. The design of the lifting device 42 can be adapted to the requirements. If necessary, a plurality of lifting devices 9 can also be used.
[0060] The lifting device 42 is moveable on two distanced guide devices 43, which are designed here as running rails, in a clamping direction of the formwork devices 2. Furthermore, the guide devices 43 are arranged above the support devices 38 and parallel thereto. In order to make the battery moulds 34 more compact, the formwork devices 35 are attached to the support devices 38 at their upper end.
[0061] Instead of known formwork devices 35 as shown in WO 2017/174432, the formworks 1 according to the disclosure can be included in the battery mould 34.
