PROTEOMIC REACTOR, PROTEIN CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION PLATFORM AND USE THEREOF

Abstract

Disclosed is a proteomic reactor, comprising a pipette tip, an ion exchange resin filler and a solid-phase extraction membrane. The solid-phase extraction membrane is filled into the lower end of the pipette tip, and the ion exchange resin filler is filled into the lower end of the pipette tip and is located above the solid-phase extraction membrane. The ion exchange resin filler is a strong cation exchange resin filler or a strong anion exchange resin filler. Disclosed is a protein chromatographic separation platform comprising the proteomic reactor and a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer. Disclosed is the use of the proteomic reactor and protein chromatographic separation platform in the protein identification and protein quantitative analysis of a cell, a tissue or a blood sample.

Claims

1. A proteomic reactor comprising a pipette tip, one of strong cation exchange resin fillers or strong anion exchange resin fillers, and a solid-phase extraction membrane; wherein the solid-phase extraction membrane is filled at the bottom end of the pipette tip, and the one of the strong cation exchange resin fillers or strong anion exchange resin fillers are filled at the bottom end of the pipette tip and located above the solid-phase extraction membrane.

2. The proteomic reactor according to claim 1, wherein the strong cation exchange resin fillers are sulfonic acid-based strong cation exchange resin fillers; and the strong anion exchange resin is quaternary ammonium group-containing resin.

3. The proteomic reactor according to claim 1, wherein the solid-phase extraction membrane is a C.sub.18 membrane.

4. (canceled)

5. An automated system for protein sample pretreatment comprising a proteomic reactor comprising a pipette tip, one of a strong cation exchange resin fillers or strong anion exchange resin fillers, and a solid-phase extraction membrane; wherein the solid-phase extraction membrane is filled at the bottom end of the pipette tip, and the one of the strong cation exchange resin fillers or strong anion exchange resin fillers are filled at the bottom end of the pipette tip and located above the solid-phase extraction membrane.

6. A protein chromatographic separation platform comprising a proteomic reactor (I) comprising a pipette tip, one of a strong cation exchange resin fillers or strong anion exchange resin fillers, and a solid-phase extraction membrane; wherein the solid-phase extraction membrane is filled at the bottom end of the pipette tip, and the one of the strong cation exchange resin fillers or strong anion exchange resin fillers are filled at the bottom end of the pipette tip and located above the solid-phase extraction membrane, and a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (II).

7. Use of at least one of a proteomic reactor comprising a pipette tip, one of a strong cation exchange resin fillers or strong anion exchange resin fillers, and a solid-phase extraction membrane; wherein the solid-phase extraction membrane is filled at the bottom end of the pipette tip, and the one of the strong cation exchange resin fillers or strong anion exchange resin fillers are filled at the bottom end of the pipette tip and located above the solid-phase extraction membrane, or a protein chromatographic separation platform comprising a proteomic reactor (I) comprising a pipette tip, one of a strong cation exchange resin fillers or strong anion exchange resin fillers, and a solid-phase extraction membrane; wherein the solid-phase extraction membrane is filled at the bottom end of the pipette tip, and the one of the strong cation exchange resin fillers or strong anion exchange resin fillers are filled at the bottom end of the pipette tip and located above the solid-phase extraction membrane, and a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer in qualitative and quantitative proteomics analysis of a cell, tissue or blood sample.

8. The use according to claim 7, wherein the proteomic reactor is used for pretreatment of sample from a biological sample and high-pH reversed-phase fractionation of peptides.

9. The use according to claim 8, comprising the steps of: (1) lysing the cell or tissue sample with a lysis buffer and acidizing the lysate, followed by adding the acidized lysate to a pre-activated proteomic reactor where proteins are enriched onto the strong cation exchange resin by centrifugation; (2) washing off the detergent bound to the solid-phase extraction membrane with an organic solvent-containing solution or a pure organic solvent, and adding the corresponding reagents and enzymes successively to complete the reduction, alkylation and enzymatic digestion of proteins; (3) transferring the resulting peptide from the strong cation exchange resin onto the solid-phase extraction membrane by using a salt solution; (4) desalting, followed by eluting the peptides successively by using high-pH solutions containing different proportions of organic solvent in an order from low to high proportion to perform the high-pH reversed-phase fractionation above pH.

10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the lysis buffer in step (1) comprises a detergent which is compatible for high-pH reversed-phase fractionation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and preferably is any one selected from the group consisting of n-dodecyl -D-maltoside, cholesteryl hemisuccinate tris salt, or a mixture of two thereof; wherein, the organic solvent-containing solution in step (2) is selected from a potassium citrate aqueous solution containing acetonitrile and/or methanol, wherein the volume content of acetonitrile and/or methanol in the solution is 20%, and the concentration of potassium citrate in the solution is 8 mmol/L; wherein, the pure organic solvent in step (2) is acetonitrile and/or methanol; and wherein, the salt solution in step (3) is a volatile salt solution, preferably ammonium formate and/or ammonium bicarbonate.

11. The use according to claim 7, wherein the protein chromatographic separation platform which comprises the proteomic reactor is used for pretreatment of proteins from a biological sample, and strong anion exchange fractionation, high-pH reversed-phase fractionation and low-pH liquid chromatographic separation of peptides.

12. The use according to claim 11, wherein the protein chromatographic separation platform comprises three operation modes, which are: (A) one-dimensional separation mode wherein, the enzymatically digested protein sample is directly subjected to a low-pH liquid chromatographic separation and detection on the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer without fractionation; (B) two-dimensional separation mode wherein, the enzymatically digested protein sample is subjected to either a strong anion exchange fractionation or a high-pH reversed-phase fractionation, and then subjected to a low-pH liquid chromatographic separation and detection on the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer; (C) three-dimensional separation wherein, the enzymatically digested protein sample is subjected to both the strong anion exchange fractionation and high-pH reversed-phase fractionation, and then finally subjected to a low-pH liquid chromatographic separation and detection on the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer.

13. The use according to claim 11, wherein it comprises the following steps: (1) lysing the cell or tissue sample with a lysis buffer and alkalizing the lysate, followed by adding the alkalized lysate to a pre-activated proteomic reactor where proteins are enriched onto the strong anion exchange resin by centrifugation; (2) washing off the detergent bound to the solid-phase extraction membrane with an organic solvent-containing solution or a pure organic solvent, and adding the corresponding reagents and enzymes successively to complete the reduction, alkylation and enzymatic digestion of proteins; (3) transferring the resulting peptides from the strong anion exchange resin onto the solid-phase extraction membrane successively by using solutions with different pH values in an order from high to low pH to perform the strong anion exchange fractionation; (4) desalting, followed by eluting the peptides successively by using high-pH solutions containing different proportions of organic solvent in an order from low to high proportion to perform the high-pH reversed-phase fractionation; (5) subjecting the peptide sample to a low-pH liquid chromatographic separation and detection by using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer.

14. The use according to claim 13, wherein the solutions with different pH values in step (3) are used in an order from pH 12 to pH 2.

15. The use according to claim 13, wherein, the lysis buffer in step (1) comprises a detergent which is compatible for high-pH reversed-phase fractionation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and preferably is any one selected from the group consisting of n-dodecyl -D-maltoside, cholesteryl hemisuccinate tris salt, or a mixture of two thereof; the organic solvent-containing solution in step (2) is selected from a potassium citrate aqueous solution containing acetonitrile and/or methanol, wherein the volume content of acetonitrile and/or methanol in the solution is 20%, and the concentration of potassium citrate in the solution is 8 mmol/L; and the pure organic solvent in step (2) is acetonitrile and/or methanol.

16. The use according to claim 8, wherein protein sample from the biological sample is enzymatically digested on the strong cation exchange resin, and after completing the digestion, the resulting peptides are transferred onto the solid-phase extraction membrane, and then subjected to the high-pH reversed-phase fractionation above pH 8.

17. The use according to claim 11, wherein the protein sample from the biological sample is subjected to an enzymatic digestion and a strong anion exchange fractionation on the strong anion exchange resin, and when completed, the resulting peptides are transferred onto the solid-phase extraction membrane to perform a high-pH reversed-phase fractionation, and then transferred to the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer to perform a low-pH liquid chromatographic separation and detection.

18. The use according to claim 11, wherein the pH value of the high-pH reversed-phase fractionation is above 8.

19. The use according to claim 11, wherein the pH value of the low-pH liquid chromatographic separation is below 3.

20. The use according to claim 14, wherein the pH value of the solution used in the high-pH reversed-phase fractionation in step (4) is above 8.

21. The use according to claim 14, wherein the pH value of the low-pH liquid chromatographic separation in step (5) is below 3.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] FIG. 1 shows the structure diagram of the proteomic reactor as described in the first aspect of the present invention (A) as well as that when it is specifically operated (B).

[0060] Wherein: 1pipette tip, 2strong cation exchange resin fillers, 3C.sub.18 membrane, 4support block, 5collection tube, 6centrifuge.

[0061] FIG. 2 shows (A) a comparison of protein extraction efficiency of the lysis buffer; (B) a comparison of the peptide chromatograms, in which the peak containing DDM is marked with I and the peak containing Triton X-100 is marked with *, when the detergent is 1% (w/v) DDM or 1% (v/v) Triton X-100.

[0062] FIG. 3 shows comparisons of the numbers of proteins and peptides as identified upon the high-pH reversed-phase fractionation of the present invention and without fractionation.

[0063] FIG. 4 shows a performance evaluation on the label-free quantitative analysis of the proteomic reactor as described in the first aspect of the present invention. Wherein, (A)-(C) are the linear fitting results of the label-free quantitative intensities of the proteins identified in any two experiments; and (D)-(F) are the distributions of the label-free quantitative intensity ratios of the proteins identified in any two experiments. R1, R2 and R3 represent the label-free quantitative intensities of the proteins identified in experiments 1, 2 and 3, respectively.

[0064] FIG. 5 shows the effect of enzymatic digestion time on the number of the identified proteins.

[0065] FIG. 6 shows the protein chromatographic separation platform as described in the fourth aspect of the present invention, which comprises the proteomic reactor as described in the second aspect, wherein FIG. 6 (A) is a protein chromatographic separation platform, and FIG. 6 (B) is the structure diagram when it is specifically operated, in which: 1 pipette tip, 2strong anion exchange resin, 3 C.sub.18 membrane, 4 support block, 5 collection tube, 6centrifuge.

[0066] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the distribution of the numbers of proteins and peptides identified in each fraction when 30 g of cell lysates were analyzed by using the protein chromatographic separation platform as described in the fourth aspect of the present invention, which comprises the proteomic reactor as described in the second aspect, wherein, FIG. 7(A) shows the distribution of the number of proteins and the cumulative change of the number of proteins with the fractionation, and FIG. 7(B) shows the distribution of the number of peptides and the cumulative change of the number of peptides with the fractionation.

[0067] The present invention is further described in detail below. However, the following examples are merely illustrative examples of the present invention, but do not represent or limit the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] In order to further illustrate the present invention and facilitate to understand the technical solutions of the present invention, typical but non-limiting examples of the present invention are as follows:

[0069] In the examples, techniques or conditions, which are not specifically indicated, are performed according to techniques or conditions described in the literature of the art, or according to product instructions. The reagents or instruments for use, which are not indicated with manufacturers, are conventional products that are commercially available from formal sources.

[0070] First, a compatible lysis buffer is provided by the present invention. Lysis buffer used in the rare cell proteomic reactor (RCPR) has a composition of 10 mmol/L HEPES, pH 7.4, 150 mmol/L NaCl, 2 mmol/L CaCl.sub.2, 2 mmol/L MgCl.sub.2, 600 mmol/L guanidine hydrochloride, 1% Triton X-100 and protease inhibitors, and is very suitable for the lysis of a limited amount of cells. However, the detergent, Triton X-100, in the lysis buffer is not compatible with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. As shown in FIG. 2 (B), when using this lysis buffer, many strong peaks associated with Triton X-100 were present in the peptide chromatogram, affecting the detection of peptides. Therefore, we replaced 1% Triton X-100 by 1% DDM. As shown in FIG. 2(A), the 1% DDM-containing lysis buffer had comparable protein extraction efficiency to that of the original RCPR lysis buffer. Moreover, it was shown in the peptide chromatogram (FIG. 2 (B)) that peaks associated with DDM did not appear until the final time period, which would not affect the detection of peptides. Therefore, the DDM-containing lysis buffer of the present invention is compatible for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

[0071] The proteomic reactor as described in the first aspect of the present invention integrates the high-pH reversed-phase fractionation of peptides, increasing the numbers of identified peptides and proteins. As shown in FIG. 3, when 50,000 HEK 293T cells were analyzed, 57,008 peptides and 6,821 proteins were identified upon the high-pH reversed-phase fractionation, which were 2.2-fold and 1.7-fold, respectively, as high as those without fractionation.

[0072] The proteomic reactor of the present invention as described in the first aspect has a higher sensitivity. As shown in Table 1, 6 g of protein sample from HEK 293T cells was processed equally without fractionation. 19,493 peptides and 3,693 proteins were identified by the proteomic reactor as described in the first aspect of the present invention, respectively, which were 2.8-fold and 1.7-fold as high as those by using the centrifugal proteomic reactor, respectively.

[0073] As shown in Table 2, 1,270, 2,566, 5,749, 6,821, and 7,826 proteins were identified respectively from 2,000, 5,000, 20,000, 50,000, and 100,000 HEK 293T cells by using the proteomic reactor as described in the first aspect of the present invention. In contrast, 409 and 2,281 proteins were identified respectively from 5,000 and 50,000 cells by using RCPR. In the case of the same amount of cells, the sensitivity of the proteomic reactor as described in the first aspect of the present invention was 6.3-fold and 3.0-fold as high as that by using the RCPR.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Number of Number of identified identified Technology peptides proteins Proteomic reactor as described 19,493 3,693 in the first aspect of the invention Centrifugal proteomic reactor 6,888 2,145

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Number of Number of number of Number of identified identified fraction- cells peptides proteins ations 2,000 4,359 1,270 no 5,000 11,820 2,566 no 20,000 41,115 5,749 5 50,000 57,008 6,821 5 100,000 87,773 7,826 5

[0074] The proteomic reactor as described in the first aspect of the present invention was applied to a sample of 100,000 stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). The results from three experiments were shown in Table 3. More than 7,000 proteins were identified in each experiment, and a total of 120,456 peptides and 9,078 proteins were identified in the three experiments, representing the largest protein data set for SHED cells to date.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Number of Number of identified identified Experiment No. peptides proteins Experiment 1 87,150 7,765 Experiment 2 78,211 7,257 Experiment 3 77,650 7,364 Combined result 120,456 9,078

[0075] The MaxQuant software was used to obtain the label-free quantitative intensity of the proteins identified in the three experiments. The linear fitting results of any two experiments were shown in FIG. 4, with a Pearson correlation coefficient r greater than 0.98. The distributions of the label-free quantitative intensity ratios of the proteins identified in any two experiments were shown in FIG. 4, in which 97% of protein has a ratio change less than 2. The results indicated that the sensitivity and label-free quantitative analysis capability of the proteomic reactor of the present invention as described in the first aspect are comparable to those of the in-StageTip method for protein sample pretreatment.

[0076] Since the conventional in-solution digestion protocol requires overnight digestion, the proteomic reactor as described in the first aspect of the present invention has the advantages of shorter digestion time and higher digestion efficiency. As shown in FIG. 5, more than 2,900 proteins were identified when 20,000 HEK 293T cells were treated with the proteomic reactor without fractionation. In addition, the number of identified proteins was not reduced when the digestion time was reduced from 120 minutes to 15 minutes. Therefore, proteins can be efficiently enzymatically digested within 15 minutes by using the proteomic reactor as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

Example 1

[0077] As shown in FIGS. 1 (A) and (B), a proteomic reactor integrating protein pretreatment and high-pH reversed-phase fractionation of peptide comprised a pipette tip 1, strong cation exchange resin fillers 2, and a C.sub.18 membrane 3. Wherein, the pipette tip 1 was a standard 200 L pipette tip, the C.sub.18 membrane 3 (3M Empore, USA) was filled at the bottom end of the pipette tip 1, with a length of about 3 mm, and 1.2 mg of strong cation exchange resin fillers (sulfonic acid-based strong cation exchange resin fillers) 2 (Applied Biosystems, USA) were filled at the bottom end of the pipette tip 1 and located above the C.sub.18 membrane 3.

[0078] The support block 4 was placed at the top end of the 1.5 mL collection tube 5. The proteomic reactor was placed above the collection tube 5 through the support block 4. The collection tube 5 was placed into the centrifuge 6. The protein sample or reagent was flowed through the proteomic reactor by centrifugation to complete operations including preconcentration and enzymatic digestion of proteins, and desalting and high-pH reversed-phase fractionation of peptides, which had the following specific steps:

[0079] To a sample of 50,000 cells, 25 L of compatible lysis buffer consisting of 10 mmol/L HEPES, pH 7.4, 150 mmol/L NaCl, 2 mmol/L CaCl.sub.2, 2 mmol/L MgCl.sub.2, 600 mmol/L guanidine hydrochloride, 1% DDM and protease inhibitors was added. Upon lysis, the sample solution was acidified to pH 2 by the addition of trifluoroacetic acid. The proteomic reactor was firstly activated by 20 L of methanol, 20 L of 100 mmol/L potassium citrate aqueous solution and 20 L of 10 mmol/L potassium citrate aqueous solution, respectively. After the activation, the sample was added into the proteomic reactor, and proteins were concentrated onto the strong cation exchange resin fillers 2 by centrifugation in the centrifuge 6; then, the detergent DDM bound to C.sub.18 membrane 3 was washed off with an 8 mmol/L potassium citrate aqueous solution containing 20% acetonitrile; then, 10 mmol/L Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) solution was added to react at room temperature for 15 minutes to complete the reduction of proteins. Then, the TCEP was washed off by adding 20 L of ultrapure water, and then 4 g trypsin in 10 mmol/L iodoacetamide solution was added to react at room temperature in a dark environment for 60 minutes to complete alkylation and enzymatic digestion of proteins. Then, the resulting peptides were transferred from the strong cation exchange resin fillers 2 to the C.sub.18 membrane 3 by using 20 L of 200 mmol/L ammonium formate aqueous solution; and then, 20 L of 5 mmol/L ammonium formate aqueous solution was added for desalting. Finally, peptides were eluted off sequentially by using 5 mmol/L ammonium formate solutions respectively containing 3%, 6%, 9%, 15%, and 80% acetonitrile at a pH of 10, i.e., a high-pH reversed-phase fractionation was performed. The eluted peptides were lyophilized to dryness and re-dissolved in 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution for further analysis with a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer.

[0080] The proteomic reactor as described in the first aspect of the present invention integrates an operation of high-pH reversed-phase fractionation of peptide, thus the numbers of identified peptides and proteins were increased. As shown in FIG. 3, when 50,000 HEK 293T cells were analyzed, 57,008 peptides and 6,821 proteins were identified upon the high-pH reversed-phase fractionation, which were 2.2-fold and 1.7-fold, respectively, as high as those without fractionation.

Example 2

[0081] A proteomic reactor integrating protein pretreatment and high-pH reversed-phase fractionation of peptide comprised a pipette tip 1, strong cation exchange resin fillers 2, and a C.sub.18 membrane 3. Wherein, the pipette tip 1 was a standard 200 L pipette tip, the C.sub.18 membrane 3 (3M Empore, USA) was filled at the bottom end of the pipette tip 1, with a length of about 3 mm, and 1.2 mg of strong cation exchange resin fillers (sulfonic acid-based strong cation exchange resin fillers) 2 (Applied Biosystems, USA) were filled at the bottom end of the pipette tip 1 and located above the C.sub.18 membrane 3.

[0082] The support block 4 was placed at the top end of the 1.5 mL collection tube 5. The proteomic reactor was placed above the collection tube 5 through the support block 4. The collection tube 5 was placed into the centrifuge 6. The protein sample or reagent was flowed through the proteomic reactor by centrifugation to complete operations including preconcentration and digestion of proteins, and desalting and high-pH reversed-phase fractionation of peptides, which had the following specific steps:

[0083] To four cell samples with 20,000 cells per sample, 25 L of compatible lysis buffer consisting of 10 mmol/L HEPES, pH 7.4, 150 mmol/L NaCl, 2 mmol/L CaCl.sub.2, 2 mmol/L MgCl.sub.2, 600 mmol/L guanidine hydrochloride, 1% DDM and protease inhibitors was added respectively. Upon lysis, the sample solutions were acidified to pH 2 by the addition of trifluoroacetic acid. The proteomic reactor was firstly activated by 20 L of methanol, 20 L of 100 mmol/L potassium citrate aqueous solution, and 20 L of 10 mmol/L potassium citrate aqueous solution, respectively. After the activation, the samples were added into the proteomic reactor, and proteins were concentrated onto the strong cation exchange resin fillers 2 by centrifugation in the centrifuge 6; then, the detergent DDM bound to C.sub.18 membrane 3 was washed off with an 8 mmol/L potassium citrate aqueous solution containing 20% acetonitrile; then, 10 mmol/L Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) solution was added to react at room temperature for 15 minutes to complete the reduction of proteins. Then, the TCEP was washed off by adding 20 L of ultrapure water, and then 4 g trypsin in 10 mmol/L iodoacetamide was added to react at room temperature in a dark environment for 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes, respectively, to complete alkylation and enzymatic digestion of proteins. Then, the resulting peptides were transferred from the strong cation exchange resin fillers 2 to the C.sub.18 membrane 3 by using 20 L of 200 mmol/L ammonium formate aqueous solution; and then, 20 L of 5 mmol/L ammonium formate aqueous solution was added for desalting. Finally, peptides were eluted off by using 5 mmol/L ammonium formate solution containing 80% acetonitrile with a pH of 10. The eluted peptides were lyophilized to dryness and re-dissolved in 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution for further analysis with a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer.

[0084] As shown in FIG. 5, more than 2,900 proteins were identified when 20,000 HEK 293T cells were treated with the proteomic reactor of this example without fractionation. In addition, the number of the identified proteins was not reduced when the digestion time was reduced from 120 minutes to 15 minutes. Therefore, proteins can be efficiently enzymatically digested within 15 minutes by using the proteomic reactor of this example.

Example 3

[0085] As shown in FIG. 6(A), a protein chromatographic separation platform included a proteomic reactor I and a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer II (Orbitrap Fusion, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA); wherein the proteomic reactor I included a standard 200 L pipette tip 1, a strong anion exchange membrane 2 (3M Empore, USA) and a C.sub.18 membrane 3 (3M Empore, USA); the C.sub.18 membrane 3 was filled at the bottom end of the pipette tip 1, the strong anion exchange membrane 2 was filled at the bottom end of the pipette tip 1 and located above the C.sub.18 membrane 3.

[0086] As shown in FIG. 6(B), when being in operation, the support block 4 was placed at the top end of the 1.5 mL collection tube 5. The proteomic reactor was placed above the collection tube 5 through the support block 4. The collection tube 5 was placed into the centrifuge 6. The protein solution or reagent was flowed through the proteomic reactor by centrifugation to complete operations including preconcentration and enzymatic digestion of proteins, and peptide desalting, which had the following specific steps:

[0087] The cell or tissue samples were lysed by using a compatible lysis buffer consisting of 25 mmol/L HEPES, pH 7.4, 150 mmol/L NaCl, 2 mmol/L CaCl.sub.2, 2 mmol/L MgCl.sub.2, 600 mmol/L guanidine hydrochloride, 1% DDM and protease inhibitors. Protein components were extracted therefrom and the protein concentrations were measured. 6 g of protein sample was used, and the sample solution was alkalized to pH 12 by the addition of 3 mol/L aqueous ammonia. The proteomic reactor was firstly activated by 20 L of methanol and 20 L of 3 mol/L aqueous ammonia, respectively. After the activation, the sample was added into the proteomic reactor, and proteins were concentrated onto the strong anion exchange membrane 2 by centrifugation in the centrifuge 6; then, the detergent DDM bound to the C.sub.18 membrane 3 was washed off by using 3 mol/L ammonia aqueous solution containing 20% acetonitrile (ACN); and then, 50 mmol/L dithiothreitol (DTT) solution was added to react at room temperature for 30 minutes to complete the reduction of proteins. Then, 5 L of 20 mmol/L ammonium bicarbonate was added to wash off the DTT, and then 4 g trypsin in 10 mmol/L iodoacetamide solution was added to react at room temperature in a dark environment for 60 minutes to complete alkylation and enzymatic digestion of proteins. Then, the resulting peptides were transferred from the strong anion exchange membrane 2 to the C.sub.18 membrane 3 by using 20 L of solution containing 250 mmol/L NaCl, pH 2; and then, 20 L of 1% formic acid aqueous solution was added for desalting. Finally, peptides were eluted off by using 40 L of 80% acetonitrile-0.5% acetic acid solution. The eluted peptides were lyophilized to dryness and re-dissolved in 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution for low-pH liquid chromatographic separation and detection on a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer, i.e., in an operation mode of one-dimensional separation.

[0088] The results were shown in Table 4, which indicated that 19,949 peptides and 4,269 proteins were identified.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Numbers of peptides and proteins identified in an operation mode of one-dimensional separation mass aample number of spectrom- operation amount number of number of fraction- etry mode (g) peptides proteins ation time (h) one- 6 19,949 4,269 no 1.4 dimensional separation

Example 4

[0089] As shown in FIG. 6(A), a protein chromatographic separation platform included a proteomic reactor I and a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer II (Orbitrap Fusion, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA); wherein the proteomic reactor I included a standard 200 L pipette tip 1, a strong anion exchange membrane 2 (3M Empore, USA) and a C.sub.18 membrane 3 (3M Empore, USA); the C.sub.18 membrane 3 was filled at the bottom end of the pipette tip 1, the strong anion exchange membrane 2 was filled at the bottom end of the pipette tip 1 and located above the C.sub.18 membrane 3.

[0090] As shown in FIG. 6(B), when being in operation, the support block 4 was placed at the top end of the 1.5 mL collection tube 5. The proteomic reactor I was placed above the collection tube 5 through the support block 4. The collection tube 5 was placed into the centrifuge 6. The protein solution or reagent was flowed through the proteomic reactor by centrifugation to complete operations including preconcentration and enzymatic digestion of proteins, and strong anion exchange fractionation of peptides, which had the following specific steps:

[0091] The cell or tissue samples were lysed by using a compatible lysis buffer consisting of 25 mmol/L HEPES, pH 7.4, 150 mmol/L NaCl, 2 mmol/L CaCl.sub.2, 2 mmol/L MgCl.sub.2, 600 mmol/L guanidine hydrochloride, 1% DDM and protease inhibitors. Protein components were extracted therefrom and the protein concentrations were measured. 30 g of protein sample was used, and the sample solution was alkalized to pH 12 by the addition of 3 mol/L aqueous ammonia. The proteomic reactor was firstly activated by 60 L of methanol and 60 L of 3 mol/L aqueous ammonia, respectively. After the activation, the sample was added into the proteomic reactor, and proteins were concentrated onto the strong anion exchange membrane 2 by centrifugation in the centrifuge 6; then, the detergent DDM bound to the C.sub.18 membrane 3 was washed off by using 3 mol/L ammonia aqueous solution containing 20% ACN; and then, 50 mmol/L DTT solution was added to react at room temperature for 30 minutes to complete the reduction of proteins. Then, 5 L of 20 mmol/L ammonium bicarbonate was added to wash off the DTT, and then 8 g trypsin in 10 mmol/L iodoacetamide solution was added to react at room temperature and in a dark environment for 60 minutes to complete alkylation and enzymatic digestion of proteins. Then, the resulting peptides were transferred from the strong anion exchange membrane 2 to the C.sub.18 membrane 3 by using 20 L of solution with a pH of 12, 6 and 2 respectively, i.e., a strong anion exchange fractionation was performed. The solutions used in the above fractionation consisted of 20 mmol/L CH.sub.3COOH, 20 mmol/L H.sub.3PO.sub.4 and 20 mmol/L H.sub.3BO.sub.3, and the pH was adjusted with NaOH. After each strong anion exchange fractionation, 20 L of 5 mmol/L ammonium formate aqueous solution was added for desalting. Then, peptides were eluted off by using 5 mmol/L ammonium formate solution containing 80% acetonitrile with a pH of 10. The eluted peptides were lyophilized to dryness and re-dissolved in 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution for low-pH liquid chromatographic separation and detection on a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer, i.e., in an operation mode of two-dimensional separation.

[0092] The results were shown in Table 5, which indicated that 35,085 peptides and 5,324 proteins were identified.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Numbers of peptides and proteins identified in an operation mode of two-dimensional separation mass sample number of spectrom- operation amount number of number of fraction- etry mode (g) peptides proteins ation time (h) two- 30 35,085 5,324 3 4.2 dimensional separation

Example 5

[0093] As shown in FIG. 6(A), a protein chromatographic separation platform included a proteomic reactor I and a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer II (Orbitrap Fusion, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA); wherein the proteomic reactor I included a standard 200 L pipette tip 1, a strong anion exchange membrane 2 (3M Empore, USA) and a C.sub.18 membrane 3 (3M Empore, USA); the C.sub.18 membrane 3 was filled at the bottom end of the pipette tip 1, the strong anion exchange membrane 2 was filled at the bottom end of the pipette tip 1 and located above the C.sub.18 membrane 3.

[0094] As shown in FIG. 6(B), when being in operation, the support block 4 was placed at the top end of the 1.5 mL collection tube 5. The proteomic reactor was placed above the collection tube 5 through the support block 4. The collection tube 5 was placed into the centrifuge 6. The protein solution or reagent was flowed through the proteomic reactor by centrifugation to complete operations including preconcentration and enzymatic digestion of proteins, strong anion exchange fractionation and high-pH reversed-phase fractionation of peptides, which had the following specific steps:

[0095] The cell or tissue samples were lysed by using a compatible lysis buffer consisting of 25 mmol/L HEPES, pH 7.4, 150 mmol/L NaCl, 2 mmol/L CaCl.sub.2, 2 mmol/L MgCl.sub.2, 600 mmol/L guanidine hydrochloride, 1% DDM and protease inhibitors. Protein components were extracted therefrom and the protein concentrations were measured. 30 g of protein sample was used, and the sample solution was alkalized to pH 12 by the addition of 3 mol/L aqueous ammonia. The proteomic reactor was firstly activated by 60 L of methanol and 60 L of 3 mol/L aqueous ammonia, respectively. After the activation, the sample was added into the proteomic reactor, and proteins was concentrated onto the strong anion exchange membrane 2 by centrifugation in the centrifuge 6; then, the detergent DDM bound to the C.sub.18 membrane 3 was washed off by using 3 mol/L ammonia aqueous solution containing 20% ACN; then, 50 mmol/L DTT solution was added to react at room temperature for 30 minutes to complete the reduction of proteins. Then, 5 L of 20 mmol/L ammonium bicarbonate was added to wash off the DTT, and then 8 g trypsin in 10 mmol/L iodoacetamide solution was added to react at room temperature and in a dark environment for 60 minutes to complete alkylation and enzymatic digestion of proteins. Then, the resulting peptides were transferred from the strong anion exchange membrane 2 to the C.sub.18 membrane 3 by using 20 L of solution with a pH of 12, 8, 6, 5, 4 and 2 respectively, i.e., a strong anion exchange fractionation was performed. The solutions used in the above fractionation consisted of 20 mmol/L CH.sub.3COOH, 20 mmol/L H.sub.3PO.sub.4 and 20 mmol/L H.sub.3BO.sub.3, and the pH was adjusted with NaOH. After each strong anion exchange fraction, 20 L of 5 mmol/L ammonium formate aqueous solution was added for desalting. Then, peptides were eluted off successively by using 5 mmol/L ammonium formate solutions respectively containing 3%, 6%, 9%, 15%, 80% acetonitrile with a pH of 10, i.e., a high-pH reversed-phase fractionation was performed. The eluted peptides were lyophilized to dryness and re-dissolved in 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution for low-pH liquid chromatographic separation and detection on a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer, i.e., in an operation mode of three-dimensional separation.

[0096] The results were shown in Table 6, which indicated that 75,298 peptides and 8,097 proteins were identified.

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Numbers of peptides and proteins identified in an operation mode of three-dimensional separation mass sample number of spectrom- operation amount number of number of fraction- etry mode (g) peptides proteins ation time (h) three- 30 75,298 8,097 11 20.4 dimensional separation

[0097] Upon the three-dimensional separation, the numbers of identified proteins and peptides were greatly increased. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the distribution of the numbers of proteins (Figure (A)) and peptides (Figure (B)) identified in each fraction. The cumulative changes in the numbers of proteins (Figure (A)) and peptides (Figure (B)) with the fractions were given in the diagram meanwhile. It can be seen that, except 2 fractions that identified less proteins and peptides, the numbers of proteins and peptides identified in the other 9 fractions had a uniform distribution, showing a better fractionation effect.

[0098] The Applicant declares that detailed structural features of the present invention have been described through the above examples, and however, the present invention is not limited to the above detailed structural features. That is to say, it does not mean that the implementation of the present invention must rely on the above detailed structural features. Those skilled in the art should understand that any improvement on the present invention, including the equivalent replacement and the addition of auxiliary parts to the selected parts of the present invention, and the selection of specific methods, etc., falls within the protection scope and the disclosure scope of the present invention.

[0099] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Various simple variations of the technical solutions of the present invention may be made within the technical concept of the present invention, and all these simple variations belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0100] In addition, it should be noted that the specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary duplication, various possible combinations will not be further explained in the present invention.

[0101] In addition, any combination may also be made between various different embodiments of the present invention as long as it does not violate the idea of the present invention, which should also be regarded as disclosure of the present invention.