Device and method for treating eight cancers with ultraviolet radiation

Abstract

This is a device and method for treating eight kinds of cancer with ultraviolet radiation. The cancers include ovarian, urinary (including bladder), melanoma, uterine, adult leukemia, lymphoma (Non-Hodgkin's), lung and prostate. The main claim is that people with these cancers treated with this device and method will live longer than people not treated in this way. The device gives off ultraviolet radiation whose energy level in the ultraviolet B range is three watts per square meter. The method entails exposure to the device for twenty minutes, three times a week on non-consecutive days. The idea that exposure to ultraviolet that is intense enough might increase the lifespan of people with these cancers comes from an analysis of US state cancer death rates. The more intense the ultraviolet reaching the ground, the fewer people die.

Claims

1-34. (canceled)

35. The invention is a device for treating cancer in eight death categories with ultraviolet radiation including lung, melanoma, ovarian, urinary, uterine, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, adult leukemia and prostate.

36. The said device in claim 35 is importantly defined by its two intensity values, its total intensity of between 6.6 to around 9.6 as a UV Index score, and the intensity value in the UVB range of 3 watts per square meter.

37. The origin of the intensity values in claim 36 are as follows: 9.6 from the statistical research, the yearly UV Index value for Hawaii (in one of two versions), 6.6 an average measured value in Honolulu between summer and winter, to simulate the value over the year, 3 watts per square meter UVB from several summer and winter values in Honolulu, 3.4 and 2.4, to average 2.9, rounded to 3.

38. The said device in claim 35 includes ultraviolet in both ranges which naturally reach the ground: UVB and UVA.

39. The said device in claim 35 includes wavelengths from 280 to 400 nanometers.

40. The said device in claim 35 consists of rows of florescent tubes emitting ultraviolet radiation, four in the small and medium versions and 6 in the large version.

41. The dimensions for the versions in claim 40 are as follows: small22 inches wide, 9 inches deep and 14 inches high; medium2 feet tall, one foot wide; largeto hold one row of five foot bulbs in a frame that can be tilted for use standing or lying.

42. The intensity values in claim 36 are achieved by positioning the said device in claim 35 the appropriate distance from the face or the area of the cancer using the two appropriate solarmeter.com meters, the first a UV Index meter Model 6.5, and the second a UVB meter Model 6.0 (after converting milliwatts per centimeter square to watts per meter square).

43. The foundation for the device in claim 35 is a statistical connection in a big data project linking the death rate, of such cancers by state in the United States to the insufficiently strong intensity of ultraviolet reaching the ground in sunlight in that state over the course of the year.

44. The said connection in claim 42 is between two sets of numbers, the death rate from the various cancers and a special yearly rendering of the UV Index that captures the intensity of ultraviolet reaching in the ground in the largest city of the state in two versions, one for the year 1996 and the other for a nine year period between 2006 and 2014.

45. The said connection in claim 44 shows that the lower the UV Index over the year in a place, the higher the cancer death rate in that place after accounting for the other items in the model.

46. The evidence presented in claim 45 improves over the prior art by strengthening the connection between cancer death rates and a specific measure of ultraviolet intensity, across more data pointsthe 51 US states (including Washington D.C.), in urban areas using the largest city to represent the state, and including all groups of the American population.

47. The said invention in claim 35 is designed for exclusively treating cancer that has already taken hold and is not intended to be used for cancer prevention.

48. The said invention in claim 35 is unconnected with a cancer prevention strategy of vitamin D (and calcium) supplements which have shown no overall success in preventing cancer as of 2019 in a prospective study.

49. Treatment with ultraviolet as proposed here in claim 35 is largely separate from research on vitamin D in the blood 25(OH)D which includes the impact of vitamin D supplements which might not have the same effect as ultraviolet itself.

50. While the application here does not look at inside the body mechanisms, the chance exists that ultraviolet as proposed here in claim 35 might work entirely independently from vitamin D in an, as yet, unspecified way to fight cancer once it has taken hold.

51. After showing a statistical connection with ultraviolet for each of the cancers in eight death categories, this evidence foundation suggests the proposed ultraviolet device (with the above specifications) might treat these cancers which include lung, melanoma, ovarian, urinary, uterine, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, adult leukemia and prostate.

Description

[0023] Now I present more detail about the evidence which suggests a link between deaths from these various northern cancers and diminished ultraviolet in sunlight. I start with the yearly death rates for each cancer by state for a given set of relatively recent years. This includes all of the deaths from a given cancer during the time period as best as we were able to record. I believe that all of these death rate lists were from the CDC web site (The Center for Disease Control) using a table called Health Data Interactive, a project that close in July, 2016. Using a data set of state-level items I developed over a twenty-year period, most from public sources, I tested many items in a multiple regression model to see what might be linked with the pattern of deaths from that cancer. In the final model, I showed a link between one environmental item that varies in a northern pattern and dying from that cancer.

[0024] Lastly, using the regression equation, I created a new predicted death rate list for the cancer by holding constant the less interesting items (by inserting their mean value in the equation) and letting vary only the northern item. In this new death rate list, the difference between the state with the highest death rate and the one with the lowest death rate was the size decrease in deaths that was due exclusively to this environmental item that changed as we moved from south to north. For the version in this application, all of these new death rate constructions vary only ultraviolet based on the yearly intensity of ultraviolet in the largest city of the state.

[0025] I soon present these percent decreases in death rates as one way to represent the power of the finding, the possibility that deaths from each cancer might have dropped substantially if ultraviolet had been stronger in intensity. This provides the evidence for the size of this possible connection and the foundation for the new treatment for cancer implicit in this device.

[0026] For all eight cancer death models, I show a link between ultraviolet and death rates using one of two versions of the UV Index, the first from 1996 in Table 12-3 and the second from 2006-2014 in Table 7-3, (the out of order table numbers being from the book). (District means Washington D.C.).

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 12-3 [ultra96] ultraviolet. Average annual UVI (UV Index) score for the largest city in the state over the course of the year 1996. Alaska 1.4 Washing 2.7 Vermont 2.9 Oregon 3.0 Maine 3.1 North Da 3.1 New Hamp 3.2 Minnesot 3.2 Michigan 3.3 Wisconsi 3.3 Massachu 3.3 Ohio 3.4 Connecti 3.4 Rhode Is 3.4 Illinois 3.5 South Da 3.5 Montana 3.5 New York 3.6 Indiana 3.7 Iowa 3.7 Nebraska 3.8 Pennsylv 3.8 Maryland 3.9 Delaware 3.9 New Jers 3.9 Idaho 4.0 West Vir 4.0 District 4.0 Kentucky 4.1 Missouri 4.1 Virginia 4.4 North Ca 4.6 Utah 4.7 Wyoming 4.7 Kansas 4.7 Arkansas 4.8 Tennesse 4.8 Colorado 4.9 Georgia 5.1 Oklahoma 5.2 South Ca 5.3 Mississi 5.5 Nevada 5.7 Alabama 5.8 Texas 5.9 Californ 5.9 Louisian 5.9 New Mexi 6.1 Arizona 6.2 Florida 6.9 Hawaii 9.6

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 7-3 [uvi0614] UVI (UV Index) between 2006 and 2014. Ultraviolet. Average annual UVI (UV Index) score over a nine year period for the largest city in the state. Alaska 1.9 Washing 3.5 Oregon 3.6 Vermont 3.6 Minnesot 3.9 North Da 3.9 Maine 3.9 Michigan 4.0 New Hamp 4.0 Wisconsi 4.1 Illinois 4.2 Connecti 4.2 Massachu 4.2 Ohio 4.2 South Da 4.2 Rhode Is 4.2 Iowa 4.3 New York 4.4 Montana 4.4 Pennsylv 4.4 Indiana 4.5 Nebraska 4.5 Maryland 4.6 New Jers 4.6 District 4.6 Delaware 4.6 West Vir 4.6 Kentucky 4.8 Missouri 4.8 Idaho 4.9 Kansas 5.2 Virginia 5.4 North Ca 5.4 Wyoming 5.5 Tennesse 5.5 Arkansas 5.6 Oklahoma 5.6 Utah 5.7 Colorado 5.8 Georgia 6.0 South Ca 6.3 Nevada 6.3 Mississi 6.4 Texas 6.9 Arizona 6.9 Californ 7.0 New Mexi 7.0 Alabama 7.0 Louisian 7.2 Florida 8.5 Hawaii 11.1

[0027] Both show the least intense ultraviolet in Alaska (Anchorage) and the most intense in Hawaii (Honolulu). I present these results suggesting that the death rate in Alaska could have been this percent lower had it had the same intensity of ultraviolet in sunlight that Hawaii had. These numbers for the eight northern cancers follow below in a little more detail.

[0028] The Eight Northern Cancers and their Link to the Insufficient Intensity of Ultraviolet

Lung Cancer

[0029] I will start with lung which happens to be the biggest cancer in terms of the number of people who die from it, (some 27 percent of the total). Table 3-1 is the yearly death rate from lung cancer by state during the years 2011 and 2013.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3-1 lung1113. Lung cancer death rate between 2011 and 2013, yearly average (per hundred thousand people), by state. Utah 22.5 Colorado 39.9 Californ 43.7 New Mexi 46.8 District 46.9 Hawaii 49.0 Alaska 49.1 Texas 50.4 Wyoming 52.0 Idaho 53.2 Arizona 55.8 Minnesot 57.2 Washing 58.2 New Jers 59.4 Maryland 59.6 New York 59.6 Connecti 60.3 Georgia 61.6 North Da 62.4 Virginia 62.7 Nevada 63.2 Nebraska 64.3 Massachu 64.9 Montana 66.8 Illinois 67.4 Oregon 67.7 Wisconsi 67.9 Kansas 68.8 South Da 69.3 Vermont 71.2 New Hamp 71.4 North Ca 73.7 Iowa 74.9 Rhode Is 75.6 Pennsylv 76.3 Michigan 76.5 South Ca 77.6 Florida 77.8 Louisian 78.1 Delaware 79.1 Indiana 80.0 Ohio 83.3 Alabama 84.7 Missouri 85.3 Oklahoma 85.4 Mississi 86.5 Tennesse 87.4 Maine 91.1 Arkansas 95.5 West Vir 100.2 Kentucky 103.4

[0030] The lung cancer model is in Table 3-4 consisting of two items: the percent who have attended some college (fewer deaths) and the UVI value (UV index score for the largest city of the state between 2006 and 2014). The higher the ultraviolet, the fewer the lung cancer deaths.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 3-4 The Lung Cancer Model: The Role of Not Strong Enough Ultraviolet in Sunlight (more deaths). Model Summary R Adjusted R Std. Error of the Model R Square Square Estimate 1 .876(a) .767 .757 7.9234 (a)Predictors: (Constant), UVI0614, SUMCOLIG Coefficients(a) Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Std. Coefficients Model B Error Beta t Sig. 1 (Constant) 174.371 8.954 19.473 .000 SUMCOLIG 2.103 .169 .869 12.419 .000 UVI0614 2.126 .756 .197 2.813 .007 (a)Dependent Variable: LUNG1113 Correlations SUMCOLIG UVI0614 LUNG1113 SUMCOLIG Pearson 1 .080 .853(**) Correlation Sig. . .578 .000 (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 UVI0614 Pearson .080 1 .128 Correlation Sig. .578 . .372 (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 LUNG1113 Pearson .853(**) .128 1 Correlation Sig. .000 .372 . (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 (**)Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Holding constant the huge effect of college results in the new predicted death rate for lung cancer which shows the effect of ultraviolet.

[0031] This predicted death rate list appears in Table 3-5 showing the fewest deaths in Hawaii, 55.2 per hundred thousand people, and the most in Alaska with 74.8.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 3-5 lunguvil. lung - UV Index list. Best view of lung cancer death rates by state after setting aside the huge effect of college (fewer deaths). Predicted deaths (per hundred thousand) based on actual death rates in 2011-2013 but varying only insufficient ultraviolet reaching t ground (more deaths). Hawaii 55.2 Florida 60.8 Louisian 63.5 Alabama 64.0 New Mexi 64.0 Californ 64.0 Texas 64.2 Arizona 64.2 Mississi 65.2 South Ca 65.5 Nevada 65.5 Georgia 66.1 Colorado 66.5 Utah 66.7 Arkansas 66.9 Oklahoma 66.9 Tennesse 67.2 Wyoming 67.2 North Ca 67.4 Virginia 67.4 Kansas 67.8 Idaho 68.4 Kentucky 68.6 Missouri 68.6 West Vir 69.1 Delaware 69.1 New Jers 69.1 Maryland 69.1 District 69.1 Indiana 69.3 Nebraska 69.3 Pennsylv 69.5 New York 69.5 Montana 69.5 Iowa 69.7 Ohio 69.9 Rhode Is 69.9 Illinois 69.9 South Da 69.9 Connecti 69.9 Massachu 69.9 Wisconsi 70.1 Michigan 70.3 New Hamp 70.3 Maine 70.6 North Da 70.6 Minnesot 70.6 Vermont 71.2 Oregon 71.2 Washing 71.4 Alaska 74.8

[0032] Using the highest death rate as the base: 74.8/1=55.2/x. 55.2=74.8x. x=55.2/74.8=0.738. With the highest level of ultraviolet, the death rate is only some 74 percent of the original size. 10.73796=0.26. Due to ultraviolet, the death rate from lung cancer in the place with the highest ultraviolet is 0.262 lower, or about 26 percent lower.

Melanoma

[0033] Next is melanoma. Table 6-1 shows the death rate by state between 2008 and 2010.

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6-1 melanoma. Average yearly death rate from melanoma between 2008 and 2010 by state. District 1.4 Hawaii 2.3 Alaska 2.7 Georgia 3.0 Texas 3.1 Mississi 3.1 New York 3.1 Louisian 3.2 Illinois 3.3 Californ 3.4 South Da 3.4 North Da 3.4 Nevada 3.5 Minnesot 3.5 Maryland 3.6 Michigan 3.6 South Ca 3.7 New Jers 3.7 Delaware 3.8 New Mexi 3.9 Rhode Is 3.9 Connecti 3.9 New Hamp 3.9 Arkansas 4.0 Virginia 4.0 Wisconsi 4.0 Utah 4.1 Washing 4.1 Alabama 4.2 Arizona 4.2 North Ca 4.2 Montana 4.2 Wyoming 4.3 Massachu 4.3 Tennesse 4.4 Kansas 4.4 Missouri 4.5 Indiana 4.5 Ohio 4.5 Colorado 4.6 Oklahoma 4.6 Kentucky 4.6 Pennsylv 4.6 Iowa 4.6 Florida 4.7 Idaho 4.8 Nebraska 4.8 Maine 4.9 Oregon 4.9 Vermont 5.1 West Vir 5.3

[0034] The melanoma model appears in Table 6-5 with three items. Having a dog, more deaths, older age (65 or older), more deaths, and ultraviolet in 1996, fewer deaths.

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 6-5 The Melanoma Model: The Role of Having a Dog (more deaths) and not strong enough ultraviolet (more deaths). Model Summary R Adjusted R Std. Error of the Model R Square Square Estimate 1 .690(a) .476 .442 .5537 (a)Predictors: (Constant), ULTRA96, AGE65IN6, DOGHOUSE Coefficients(a) Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Std. Coefficients Model B Error Beta t Sig. 1 (Constant) .128 .770 .166 .869 DOGHOUSE 6.253E02 .012 .573 5.009 .000 AGE65IN6 .225 .048 .509 4.687 .000 ULTRA96 .243 .063 .437 3.866 .000 (a)Dependent Variable: MELA810 Correlations DOGHOUSE AGE65IN6 ULTRA96 MELA810 DOGHOUSE Pearson 1 .175 .326(*) .3420 Correlation Sig. . .220 .020 .014 (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 51 AGE65IN6 Pearson .175 1 .084 .372(**) Correlation Sig. .220 . .560 .007 (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 51 ULTRA96 Pearson .326(*) .084 1 .208 Correlation Sig. .020 .560 . .144 (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 51 MELA810 Pearson .342(*) .372(**) .208 1 Correlation Sig. .014 .007 .144 . (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 51 (*)Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). (**)Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

[0035] Table 6-6 shows the new predicted death rate holding constant dog and older age to see the size of the effect of ultraviolet on death rates from melanoma.

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 6-6 melasun. Predicted death rate from melanoma after setting aside the effects of having a dog (more deaths) and older age (more deaths) in order to see the possible effect of insufficiently strong ultraviolet in sunlight on death rates (more deaths). Hawaii 2.67 Florida 3.32 Arizona 3.49 New Mexi 3.52 Californ 3.57 Louisian 3.57 Texas 3.57 Alabama 3.59 Nevada 3.61 Mississi 3.66 South Ca 3.71 Oklahoma 3.74 Georgia 3.76 Colorado 3.81 Tennesse 3.83 Arkansas 3.83 Utah 3.86 Kansas 3.86 Wyoming 3.86 North Ca 3.88 Virginia 3.93 Kentucky 4.00 Missouri 4.00 District 4.03 West Vir 4.03 Idaho 4.03 New Jers 4.05 Maryland 4.05 Delaware 4.05 Pennsylv 4.08 Nebraska 4.08 Iowa 4.10 Indiana 4.10 New York 4.12 Illinois 4.15 South Da 4.15 Montana 4.15 Rhode Is 4.17 Connecti 4.17 Ohio 4.17 Massachu 4.20 Wisconsi 4.20 Michigan 4.20 New Hamp 4.22 Minnesot 4.22 Maine 4.25 North Da 4.25 Oregon 4.27 Vermont 4.29 Washing 4.34 Alaska 4.66

[0036] In Hawaii, there are 2.67 deaths and in Alaska, 4.66 deaths (per hundred thousand). 4.66/1=2.67/x. 4.66x=2.67. x=2.67/4.66. x=0.57296. In the place with the highest ultraviolet, deaths from melanoma are only about 57 percent the size. 10.57296=0.427. This is a predicted death rate from melanoma that is 42.7 percent lower or about 43 percent lower.

Ovarian Cancer

[0037] Next is dying from ovarian cancer. Table 12-1 shows the state death rate from ovarian cancer in 2004-2006 (with the exception of Alaska being between the years 2003-2005).

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 12-1 [ovar46ak] ovarian 2004-2006 Alaska. Ovarian Cancer death rate by state between 2004 and 2006*, average annual, per hundred thousand population (including both genders). Utah 4.9 Texas 5.6 Nevada 5.7 Colorado 5.9 Georgia 6.0 Hawaii 6.2 Californ 6.3 Idaho 6.3 Wyoming 6.3 Arizona 6.5 New Mexi 6.5 Louisian 6.6 Mississi 6.8 Arkansas 6.9 Kentucky 7.0 South Ca 7.2 New Hamp 7.2 North Ca 7.3 Virginia 7.3 Maryland 7.3 Illinois 7.5 Minnesot 7.5 Oklahoma 7.6 Kansas 7.7 Alaska 7.7 Washing 7.7 Missouri 7.8 Florida 7.9 Alabama 7.9 Michigan 7.9 Tennesse 8.0 Maine 8.0 Indiana 8.0 Ohio 8.0 Vermont 8.0 South Da 8.0 Delaware 8.2 Nebraska 8.2 Connecti 8.3 Wisconsi 8.3 New Jers 8.4 Oregon 8.4 New York 8.5 Massachu 8.6 Montana 8.8 West Vir 8.9 Iowa 9.1 North Da 9.1 District 9.2 Rhode Is 9.3 Pennsylv 9.9 *Alaska from 2003-2005.

[0038] The ovarian model is in Table 12-4 consisting of two items: older age (more deaths) and ultraviolet in 1996 (stronger, fewer deaths).

TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 12-4 The Ovarian Cancer Model: the role of stronger ultraviolet (fewer deaths). Model Summary R Adjusted R Std. Error of the Model R Square Square Estimate 1 .859(a) .737 .726 .5603 (a)Predictors: (Constant), ULTRA96, AGE65IN6 Coefficients(a) Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Std. Coefficients Model B Error Beta t Sig. 1 (Constant) 4.259 .639 6.662 .000 AGE65IN6 .427 .048 .666 8.971 .000 ULTRA96 .482 .060 .600 8.080 .000 (a)Dependent Variable: OVAR46AK Correlations AGE65IN6 ULTRA96 OVAR46AK AGE65IN6 Pearson 1 .084 .616(**) Correlation Sig. . .560 .000 (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 ULTRA96 Pearson .084 1 .544(**) Correlation Sig. .560 . .000 (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 OVAR46AK Pearson .616(**) .544(**) 1 Correlation Sig. .000 .000 . (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 (**)Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

[0039] The predicted death rate list is in Table 12-5.

TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 12-5 [ovar461] ovarian 2004-2006 list. Best view predicted death rate from ovarian cancer between 2004 and 2006 after first largely neutralizing the effect of older age (more deaths) in order to see the role of stronger ultraviolet (fewer deaths). As only ultraviolet varies, this ordering of states is the same as in Table 12-3 ultraviolet but reversed because stronger ultraviolet, fewer deaths from ovarian cancer. Hawaii 5.03 Florida 6.34 Arizona 6.67 New Mexi 6.72 Texas 6.82 Californ 6.82 Louisian 6.82 Alabama 6.87 Nevada 6.91 Mississi 7.01 South Ca 7.11 Oklahoma 7.16 Georgia 7.20 Colorado 7.30 Arkansas 7.35 Tennesse 7.35 Utah 7.40 Wyoming 7.40 Kansas 7.40 North Ca 7.44 Virginia 7.54 Kentucky 7.69 Missouri 7.69 Idaho 7.73 West Vir 7.73 District 7.73 Maryland 7.78 Delaware 7.78 New Jers 7.78 Nebraska 7.83 Pennsylv 7.83 Indiana 7.88 Iowa 7.88 New York 7.93 Illinois 7.97 South Da 7.97 Montana 7.97 Ohio 8.02 Connecti 8.02 Rhode Is 8.02 Michigan 8.07 Wisconsi 8.07 Massachu 8.07 New Hamp 8.12 Minnesot 8.12 Maine 8.17 North Da 8.17 Oregon 8.22 Vermont 8.26 Washing 8.36 Alaska 8.99

[0040] Holding older age constant, we can now see the size of the effect of ultraviolet on these death rates. In Hawaii, this is 5.03 deaths and in Alaska, it is 8.99 deaths. 8.99/1=5.03/x. 8.99x=5.03. x=5.0318.99. x=0.5595. Death rates from ovarian cancer are only about 56 percent the size in the state with the highest ultraviolet (compared with the lowest). 10.5595=0.4405. Due to ultraviolet, these predicted death rates from ovarian cancer are about 44 percent lower.

Urinary Tract Cancer (Including Bladder)

[0041] Next is urinary tract cancer, a death category the majority of which is bladder cancer. The yearly death rate from urinary tract cancer by state is in Table 7-1 for the years 2004 and 2006.

TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 7-1 [urinry46] urinary tract cancer death rate, yearly average between 2004 and 2006, majority from bladder cancer. Alaska 4.3 Utah 5.2 Hawaii 5.8 Georgia 6.6 Colorado 6.9 Californ 7.2 Texas 7.3 New Mexi 7.7 Virginia 7.7 Wyoming 7.8 Idaho 7.9 Mississi 8.2 Maryland 8.2 Arizona 8.4 South Ca 8.4 Alabama 8.6 Nevada 8.6 North Ca 8.6 New York 8.7 Illinois 8.8 Minnesot 8.9 Washing 8.9 Louisian 9.2 New Jers 9.2 Tennesse 9.3 Kansas 9.3 District 9.3 Michigan 9.3 New Hamp 9.4 Arkansas 9.5 Connecti 9.6 Montana 9.7 Oregon 9.7 Kentucky 9.8 Indiana 9.8 Nebraska 10.0 Oklahoma 10.1 Missouri 10.1 Massachu 10.4 Florida 10.6 Ohio 10.7 Wisconsi 10.8 Iowa 11.0 Delaware 11.1 West Vir 11.4 Pennsylv 11.4 Vermont 11.4 South Da 11.8 Rhode Is 11.8 North Da 12.1 Maine 12.4

[0042] The model for urinary tract cancer appears in Table 7-4 and consists of two items.

TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 7-4 The model for urinary tract cancer: stronger ultraviolet, fewer deaths Model Summary R Adjusted R Std. Error of the Model R Square Square Estimate 1 .919(a) .844 .838 .6978 (a)Predictors: (Constant), UVI0614, AGE65IN6 Coefficients(a) Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Std. Coefficients Model B Error Beta t Sig. 1 (Constant) .796 .802 .993 .325 AGE65IN6 .874 .059 .844 14.755 .000 UVI0614 .519 .067 .446 7.790 .000 (a)Dependent Variable: URINRY46 Correlations AGE65IN6 UVI0614 URINRY46 AGE65IN6 Pearson 1 .090 .804(**) Correlation Sig. . .531 .000 (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 UVI0614 Pearson .090 1 .370(**) Correlation Sig. .531 . .008 (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 URINRY46 Pearson .804(**) .370(**) 1 Correlation Sig. .000 .008 . (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 (**)Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

[0043] More people in a state who are in the age 65 and over category, more deaths. The second item is the intensity of ultraviolet reaching the ground over the course of the year in the largest city of the state. This is for the years 2006 to 2014. The stronger the ultraviolet, the fewer the deaths from cancers of the urinary tract.

[0044] The reworked predicted death rates appear in Table 7-5.

TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 7-5 Best view predicted death rates from cancer of the urinary tract including bladder. Based on actual death rates in 2004-2006. The effect of older age (more deaths) is largely removed in order to see the size of the impact of more intense ultraviolet (fewer deaths). As only ultraviolet varies, the state order is the same as in Table 7-3 ultraviolet but in reverse. Hawaii 6.1 Florida 7.4 Louisian 8.1 Californ 8.2 New Mexi 8.2 Alabama 8.2 Texas 8.3 Arizona 8.3 Mississi 8.5 South Ca 8.6 Nevada 8.6 Georgia 8.7 Colorado 8.8 Utah 8.9 Arkansas 8.9 Oklahoma 8.9 Wyoming 9.0 Tennesse 9.0 Virginia 9.1 North Ca 9.1 Kansas 9.2 Idaho 9.3 Kentucky 9.4 Missouri 9.4 Maryland 9.5 New Jers 9.5 District 9.5 Delaware 9.5 West Vir 9.5 Indiana 9.5 Nebraska 9.5 New York 9.6 Montana 9.6 Pennsylv 9.6 Iowa 9.6 Illinois 9.7 Connecti 9.7 Massachu 9.7 Ohio 9.7 South Da 9.7 Rhode Is 9.7 Wisconsi 9.7 Michigan 9.8 New Hamp 9.8 Minnesot 9.8 North Da 9.8 Maine 9.8 Oregon 10.0 Vermont 10.0 Washing 10.0 Alaska 10.9

[0045] Older age is held constant so we can see the size of the effect of ultraviolet by itself on these death rates. In Hawaii, this urinary tract death rate is 6.1 deaths per hundred thousand people. In Alaska, it is 10.9 deaths. 10.9/1=6.1/x. 10.9x=6.1. x=6.1/10.9. x=0.5596. Due to stronger ultraviolet, the death rate from urinary tract cancer is only 0.5596 or about 56 percent the size. 10.55963=0.44037. This predicted death rate from urinary tract cancer is 44 percent lower due to stronger ultraviolet.

Uterine Cancer

[0046] Next is uterine cancer. The death rate for uterine cancer by state can be found in Table 13-1 for the years 2012-2014.

TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 13-1 [uter1214] uterine 2012-2014. Average annual death rate from uterine cancer between 2012 and 2014 by state (per hundred thousand population including both women and men). Alaska 2.2 Nevada 2.5 Utah 2.5 Colorado 2.7 Wyoming 2.8 Texas 2.9 North Da 2.9 Alabama 3.0 Arizona 3.1 Oklahoma 3.1 Arkansas 3.1 Hawaii 3.2 New Mexi 3.2 Mississi 3.2 Californ 3.4 Louisian 3.4 Tennesse 3.4 Idaho 3.4 Georgia 3.5 Kentucky 3.5 Minnesot 3.5 Washing 3.5 South Da 3.6 Kansas 3.7 Virginia 3.7 Nebraska 3.8 Montana 3.8 South Ca 3.9 North Ca 3.9 Missouri 3.9 Connecti 3.9 New Hamp 3.9 Oregon 3.9 Florida 4.0 Massachu 4.0 Wisconsi 4.1 Indiana 4.3 Illinois 4.4 Ohio 4.4 Michigan 4.4 Maine 4.4 West Vir 4.5 Rhode Is 4.6 Maryland 4.7 Vermont 4.8 Iowa 4.9 New York 4.9 New Jers 5.0 Pennsylv 5.1 District 5.2 Delaware 5.3

[0047] The model for uterine is in Table 13-5.

TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 13-5 The Uterine Cancer Model: the role of particle air pollution (more deaths) as well as stronger ultraviolet in sunlight (fewer deaths). Model Summary R Adjusted R Std. Error of the Model R Square Square Estimate 1 .766(a) .587 .560 .5018 (a)Predictors: (Constant), ULTRA96, PMMETRO, AGE65IN6 Coefficients(a) Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Std. Coefficients Model B Error Beta t Sig. 1 (Constant) .433 .633 .684 .497 AGE65IN6 .247 .043 .546 5.800 .000 PMMETRO 8.824E02 .020 .424 4.516 .000 ULTRA96 .211 .054 .371 3.944 .000 (a)Dependent Variable: UTER1214 Correlations AGE65IN6 PMMETRO ULTRA96 UTER1214 AGE65IN6 Pearson 1 .018 .084 .507(**) Correlation Sig. . .899 .560 .000 (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 51 PMMETRO Pearson .018 1 .042 .430(**) Correlation Sig. .899 . .769 .002 (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 51 ULTRA96 Pearson .084 .042 1 .344(*) Correlation Sig. .560 .769 . .014 (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 51 UTER1214 Pearson .507(**) .430(**) .344(*) 1 Correlation Sig. .000 .002 .014 . (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 51 (**)Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). (*)Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

[0048] It has three items. Older age, more deaths. Particle air pollution in the metropolitan area of the largest city of the state, more deaths. Lastly is ultraviolet, the yearly average for 1996 in the largest city. The more intense this ultraviolet reaching the ground, the fewer the deaths from uterine cancer (for the size of the population).

[0049] In the book, I chose in Table 13-6 (not shown) to hold constant only one of the two items so the predicted rate there does not give us what we need right nowthe specific effect of ultraviolet on these death rates. For this reason, I redid the exercise for this purpose in a supplemental table I will call Table 13-6-2.

TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 13-6-2 [uteruv13] uterine uv list 3. Supplemental table showing the specific size of the ultraviolet effect on dying from uterine cancer. Here, both older age and particle air pollution are held constant and only ultraviolet is allowed to vary. Hawaii 2.67 Florida 3.24 Arizona 3.39 New Mexi 3.41 Louisian 3.45 Californ 3.45 Texas 3.45 Alabama 3.47 Nevada 3.49 Mississi 3.54 South Ca 3.58 Oklahoma 3.60 Georgia 3.62 Colorado 3.66 Arkansas 3.68 Tennesse 3.68 Utah 3.70 Wyoming 3.70 Kansas 3.70 North Ca 3.73 Virginia 3.77 Kentucky 3.83 Missouri 3.83 Idaho 3.85 West Vir 3.85 District 3.85 Delaware 3.87 New Jers 3.87 Maryland 3.87 Nebraska 3.89 Pennsylv 3.89 Indiana 3.92 Iowa 3.92 New York 3.94 Montana 3.96 Illinois 3.96 South Da 3.96 Ohio 3.98 Connecti 3.98 Rhode Is 3.98 Massachu 4.00 Wisconsi 4.00 Michigan 4.00 New Hamp 4.02 Minnesot 4.02 Maine 4.04 North Da 4.04 Oregon 4.06 Vermont 4.08 Washing 4.13 Alaska 4.40

[0050] In this recalculation, the predicted death rate in Alaska is 4.40 deaths while in Hawaii, it is only 2.67 deaths. 4.40/1=2.67/x. 4.40x=2.67. x=2.6714.40. x=0.6068. Due to ultraviolet, the death rate is only about 61 percent the size in Hawaii compared with Alaska. 10.6068=0.3932. The death rate from uterine cancer, due to stronger ultraviolet, is lower by 39.32 percent or by around 39 percent.

Lymphoma, Leukemia and Prostate

[0051] Now we are at the second group of three cancers including lymphoma, adult leukemia and prostate. In the book, I used models suggesting a different environmental factor which varies as we drive north might be responsible for this pattern of more deaths. For the purpose here, I rather easily took each of the three models and replaced this item (geomagnetism) with ultraviolet. From the new models that resulted, I used the equation to create a new predicted death rate list for each cancer so we could see the size of the effect of ultraviolet in shrinking these death rates as well.

[0052] To repeat the rationale, the exercise is based on the reasonable possibility that only one environmental factor might be responsible for the northern pattern and that it might, in the end, be the difference in the intensity of sunlight between places. Of course, the ultraviolet portion of sunlight gets weaker as we go north in the United States.

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

[0053] The first cancer in this group is Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The starting death rate is unchanged and can be found in Table 8-1 for the years 2004-2006.

TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 8-1 Lymphoma: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma death rates by state 2004-2006 Alaska 3.5 Utah 5.2 Colorado 5.2 Georgia 5.3 Nevada 5.4 New Mexi 5.4 Texas 5.6 Californ 5.8 Hawaii 5.9 Mississi 5.9 Virginia 6.1 Maryland 6.2 New Hamp 6.3 Arizona 6.5 South Ca 6.5 Idaho 6.6 North Ca 6.8 Vermont 6.8 New York 6.9 Wyoming 6.9 Louisian 7.1 Alabama 7.1 Delaware 7.1 Washing 7.1 Illinois 7.1 New Jers 7.3 Oklahoma 7.4 District 7.5 Missouri 7.5 Arkansas 7.6 Kansas 7.6 Connecti 7.6 Minnesot 7.6 Kentucky 7.7 Indiana 7.8 Ohio 7.8 Michigan 7.8 Tennesse 7.9 Rhode Is 7.9 Montana 7.9 Nebraska 8.1 Oregon 8.2 Massachu 8.2 Wisconsi 8.2 South Da 8.2 Maine 8.5 Florida 8.6 Iowa 8.7 North Da 8.9 West Vir 9.3 Pennsylv 9.4

[0054] Using the book model in Table 8-4 (not shown), I will now replace the environmental item with ultraviolet in Table 8-4-2.

TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 8-4-2 Lymphoma Model with Ultraviolet (fewer deaths) Model Summary R Adjusted R Std. Error of the Model R Square Square Estimate 1 .912.sup.a .832 .824 .4987 .sup.aPredictors: (Constant), UVI0614, ACE65IN6 Coefficients.sup.a Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Std. Coefficients Model B Error Beta t Sig. 1 (Constant) .699 .573 1.219 .229 ACE65IN6 .622 .042 .874 14.688 .000 UVI0614 .281 .048 .351 5.896 .000 .sup.aDependent Variable: LYMPH46 Correlations ACE65IN6 UVI0614 ACE65IN6 Pearson 1 .090 Correlation Sig. . .531 (2-tailed) N 51 51 UVI0614 Pearson .090 1 Correlation Sig. .531 . (2-tailed) N 51 51

[0055] The adjusted R Square is 0.824, slightly below the 0.837 of the original model. It includes the more recent ultraviolet measure for the years 2006-2014.

[0056] Using the equation in this model, I hold constant the age effect to see the size of the ultraviolet one which is the only thing to vary. According to this predicted list of death rates from lymphoma in Table 8-5-2,

TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 8-5-2 [lymphuvl]. Predicted deaths from lymphoma after accounting for older age based on the effect of differences in the intensity of ultraviolet reaching the ground during the yuears 2006-2014. Hawaii 5.45 Florida 6.18 Louisian 6.55 New Mexi 6.60 Californ 6.60 Alabama 6.60 Arizona 6.63 Texas 6.63 Mississi 6.77 Nevada 6.80 South Ca 6.80 Georgia 6.88 Colorado 6.94 Utah 6.97 Oklahoma 7.00 Arkansas 7.00 Tennesse 7.02 Wyoming 7.02 North Ca 7.05 Virginia 7.05 Kansas 7.11 Idaho 7.19 Kentucky 7.22 Missouri 7.22 West Vir 7.28 District 7.28 Delaware 7.28 New Jers 7.28 Maryland 7.28 Nebraska 7.30 Indiana 7.30 Pennsylv 7.33 New York 7.33 Montana 7.33 Iowa 7.36 Illinois 7.39 South Da 7.39 Ohio 7.39 Connecti 7.39 Rhode Is 7.39 Massachu 7.39 Wisconsi 7.42 Michigan 7.45 New Hamp 7.45 Minnesot 7.47 Maine 7.47 North Da 7.47 Oregon 7.56 Vermont 7.56 Washing 7.59 Alaska 8.04

[0057] The highest is for Alaska with 8.04 deaths per hundred thousand. The lowest is Hawaii with 5.45 deaths. 8.04/1=5.45/x. 5.45=8.04x. x=5.45/8.04. x=0.67786. Based on the difference in ultraviolet alone, the death rate from lymphoma in the lowest death rate state of Hawaii is only 0.67786 or about 68 percent the size. 10.67786=0.32214. Due to stronger ultraviolet, the predicted death rate from lymphoma declines by 32.2 percent or by close to a third.

Adult Leukemia

[0058] Second now in this group of three cancers is leukemia. This does not include deaths among children as all the analyses are for people age 18 and older. We start with the death rates for this cancer between the years 2011-2013 in Table 10-1.

TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 10-1 Adult Leukemia. Death rates from leukemia in 2011-2013 by state. Alaska 5.3 District 6.4 Utah 6.5 Hawaii 7.4 Georgia 7.5 Colorado 7.5 Texas 7.9 New Mexi 8.0 Californ 8.1 Nevada 8.2 Virginia 8.3 Maryland 8.8 Washing 8.9 Idaho 8.9 North Da 9.0 Vermont 9.1 North Ca 9.1 New York 9.2 Louisian 9.2 New Jers 9.3 South Ca 9.3 Delaware 9.5 Arizona 9.5 Massachu 9.8 New Hamp 9.8 Illinois 9.9 Mississi 9.9 Montana 9.9 Oregon 10.1 Michigan 10.2 Rhode Is 10.3 Tennesse 10.3 Connecti 10.4 Kentucky 10.5 Nebraska 10.6 Missouri 10.6 Minnesot 10.7 Indiana 10.7 Ohio 10.8 Alabama 10.8 Florida 10.9 Kansas 11.0 Arkansas 11.0 Oklahoma 11.0 Wyoming 11.1 Maine 11.3 Wisconsi 11.4 Pennsylv 11.5 Iowa 11.6 South Da 11.9 West Vir 12.5

[0059] Using the leukemia model in Table 10-5 (not shown), we rework it replacing magnetism with ultraviolet in Table 10-5-2.

TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 10-5-2 Leukemia Model with Ultraviolet (fewer deaths) Model Summary R Adjusted R Std. Error of the Model R Square Square Estimate 1 .876.sup.a .767 .752 .7525 .sup.aPredictors: (Constant), IVI0614, AGE65IN6, DOGHOUSE Coefficients.sup.a Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Std. Coefficients Model B Error Beta t Sig. 1 (Constant) 1.052 1.049 1.002 .321 ACE65IN6 .772 .065 .854 11.810 .000 DOGHOUSE 8.978E02 .017 .404 5.342 .000 UVI0614 .388 .076 .382 5.117 .000 .sup.aDependent Variable: LEUK1113 Correlations AGE65IN6 DOGHOUSE UVI0614 LEUK1113 AGE65IN6 Pearson 1 .175 .090 .750* Correlation Sig. . .220 .531 .000 (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 51 DOGHOUSE Pearson .175 1 .300* .139 Correlation Sig. .220 . .032 .329 (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 51 UVI0614 Pearson .090 .300* 1 .184 Correlation Sig. .531 .032 . .196 (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 51 LEUK1113 Pearson .750* .139 .184 1 Correlation Sig. .000 .329 .196 . (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 51 **Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). *Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
To my surprise, the Adjusted R Square comes out the same as the original model, 0.752 (something I was surely not aware of at the time I was writing the book).

[0060] Using the equation in this ultraviolet model, I hold constant both older age (more deaths) and having a dog (more deaths) to see the specific effect of ultraviolet (more ultraviolet, fewer deaths) in Table 10-6-2.

TABLE-US-00023 TABLE 10-6-2 [leukuvil] Leukemia UV Index List. Predicted death rate from Leukemia after accounting for older age and having a dog to see the size of the ultraviolet effect (fewer deaths) Hawaii 7.32 Florida 8.33 Louisian 8.83 New Mexi 8.91 Californ 8.91 Alabama 8.91 Arizona 8.95 Texas 8.95 Mississi 9.14 Nevada 9.18 South Ca 9.18 Georgia 9.30 Colorado 9.38 Utah 9.41 Oklahoma 9.45 Arkansas 9.45 Tennesse 9.49 Wyoming 9.49 North Ca 9.53 Virginia 9.53 Kansas 9.61 Idaho 9.72 Kentucky 9.76 Missouri 9.76 West Vir 9.84 District 9.84 Delaware 9.84 New Jers 9.84 Maryland 9.84 Nebraska 9.88 Indiana 9.88 Pennsylv 9.92 New York 9.92 Montana 9.92 Iowa 9.96 Illinois 10.00 South Da 10.00 Ohio 10.00 Connecti 10.00 Rhode Is 10.00 Massachu 10.00 Wisconsi 10.03 Michigan 10.07 New Hamp 10.07 Minnesot 10.11 Maine 10.11 North Da 10.11 Oregon 10.23 Vermont 10.23 Washing 10.27 Alaska 10.89

[0061] The ultraviolet item that works best here is for the nine years between 2006 and 2014. The predicted death rate from leukemia is highest in Alaska at 10.89 deaths and lowest in Hawaii at 7.32 deaths. This difference can be accounted for entirely due to the effect of ultraviolet on these death rates, based on this model. 10.89/1=7.32/x. 10.89x=7.32. x=7.32/10.89. x=0.67218. Due to stronger ultraviolet, the predicted death rate in Hawaii from leukemia is only some two thirds the size that it is in the state with the highest death rate (some 67 percent). 10.67218=0.328. This means that the death rate from adult leukemia is reduced by 32.8 percent, almost 33 percent or by almost a third.

Prostate Cancer

[0062] Lastly now is prostate cancer. Again here, we begin with the actual death rate list for prostate cancer deaths between 2010 and 2012 which can be found in Table 11-1.

TABLE-US-00024 TABLE 11-1 [pros1012] Death rate from prostate cancer in 2010- 2012 per hundred thousand people (including women). Alaska 7.3 Texas 8.8 Hawaii 9.4 Georgia 10.4 Utah 10.7 Colorodo 10.7 Californ 10.7 Nevada 10.8 Virginia 10.9 Kentucky 10.9 Maryland 11.0 Mississi 11.1 Wyoming 11.4 New York 11.5 Washing 11.6 New Jers 11.7 Kansas 11.7 Illinois 11.7 Massachu 11.7 Arizona 11.8 Tennesse 11.8 North Ca 11.9 New Hamp 12.0 Connecti 12.0 Indiana 12.1 Michigan 12.1 Louisian 12.1 West Vir 12.1 New Mexi 12.5 Oklahoma 12.5 Delaware 12.6 Minnesot 12.6 Rhode Is 12.7 Ohio 12.7 Maine 13.0 Nebraska 13.2 South Ca 13.2 Arkansas 13.3 Pennsylv 13.5 Iowa 13.6 Idaho 13.7 North Oa 13.8 Wisconsi 13.8 Oregon 13.8 Fiorida 13.8 South Da 14.1 Alabama 14.1 Vermont 14.1 Montana 14.7 Missouri 14.8 District 14.8

[0063] Taking the prostate model from the book in Table 11-4 (not shown), we change geomagnetism to our relevant item that varies as we go north, ultraviolet, in the new model in Table 11-4-2.

TABLE-US-00025 TABLE 11-4-2 Prostate Model with Ultraviolet Model Summary R Adjusted R Std. Error of the Model R Square Square Estimate 1 .728.sup.a .530 .510 1.0657 .sup.aPredictors: (Constant), ULTRA96, ACE65IN6 Coefficients.sup.a Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Std. Coefficients Model B Error Beta t Sig. 1 (Constant) 5.476 1.216 4.503 .000 AGE65IN6 .637 .090 .700 7.045 .000 ULTRA96 .307 .114 .268 2.702 .009 .sup.aDependent Variable: PROS1012 Correlations AGE65IN6 ULTRA96 PROS1012 ACE65IN6 Pearson 1 .084 .677* Correlation Sig. . .560 .000 (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 ULTRA96 Pearson .084 1 .210 Correlation Sig. .560 . .139 (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 PROS1012 Pearson .677* .210 1 Correlation Sig. .000 .139 . (2-tailed) N 51 51 51 ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

[0064] In this original model, the Adjusted R Square is 0.583. In this replacement model, the Adjusted R Square is 0.510, not as high. As mentioned, the statistical significance is 0.009, not as good as other models but still, below the 0.01 limit I use and well below the 0.05 limit that is more common.

[0065] Holding constant the effect of older age now, we can see the size of the intensity of ultraviolet on prostate cancer death rates in Table 11-5-2.

TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 11-5-2 [prosuvl2]. Prostate UV List 2. Predicted death rate from prostate cancer holding older age constant to see the size of the effect of ultraviolet on deaths from this cancer. Hawaii 10.59 Florida 11.42 Arizona 11.63 New Mexi 11.66 Louisian 11.72 Californ 11.72 Texas 11.72 Alabama 11.76 Nevada 11.79 Mississi 11.85 South Ca 11.91 Oklahoma 11.94 Georgia 11.97 Colorado 12.03 Arkansas 12.06 Tennesse 12.06 Utah 12.09 Wyoming 12.09 Kansas 12.09 North Ca 12.12 Virginia 12.19 Kentucky 12.28 Missouri 12.28 Idaho 12.31 West Vir 12.31 District 12.31 Delaware 12.34 New Jers 12.34 Maryland 12.34 Nebraska 12.37 Pennsylv 12.37 Indiana 12.40 Iowa 12.40 New York 12.43 Montana 12.46 Illinois 12.46 South Da 12.46 Ohio 12.49 Connecti 12.49 Rhode Is 12.49 Massachu 12.52 Wisconsi 12.52 Michigan 12.52 New Hamp 12.55 Minnesot 12.55 Maine 12.58 North Da 12.58 Oregon 12.61 Vermont 12.65 Washing 12.71 Alaska 13.11

[0066] In this model, ultraviolet in 1996 worked best. For prostate cancer, the predicted death rate goes from a high of 13.11 deaths in Alaska to a low of 10.59 deaths in Hawaii. 13.11/1=10.59/x. 13.11x=10.59. x=10.59/13.11. x=0.80778. Due to difference in the intensity of ultraviolet, the death rate from prostate cancer in the place with the strongest sun is only some 80.8 percent. 10.80778=0.192. This is a death rate that is 19.2 percent lower.

[0067] While these numbers are difficult to translate into how effective an ultraviolet-based device might be for treating these eight northern cancers, they probably give us some indication of the effectiveness that might be expected.

[0068] We can now summarize the results in size order based on this percent decrease from the state with the lowest intensity of ultraviolet, Alaska, to the one with the highest level, Hawaii. Here is the percent decrease in death rates for the eight northern cancers in size order that can be attributed specifically to the difference in the intensity of ultraviolet in sunlight reaching the ground over the course of the year. The more intense the sunlight, the fewer the deaths.

1. ovarian44.1 percent lower
2. urinary (including bladder)44.0 percent lower
3. melanoma41.7 percent lower
4. uterine39.3 percent lower
5. leukemia (adult)32.8 percent lower
6. lymphoma (Non-Hodgkin's)32.2 percent lower
7. lung26.1 percent lower
8. prostate19.2 percent lower

Keith Reed Greenbaum, Ph.D.

284 Brook Street Apartment 5

Providence, R.I. 02906

United States of America

[0069] Email: keithmeister@hotmail.com