System for automated detection in beverage dispensing machines

Abstract

A system for automated detection in beverage dispensing machines suitable for receiving at least a first and second type of exchangeable supply pack adapted to contain a product to be supplied in the operation of the system equipped with means for automatically performing presence of supply detection. More particularly, the detection of the presence and the contents of exchangeable supply packs in beverage dispensing machines is automated. A pack-in-place detection is provided by emitting light and measuring the presence of the emitted light on one light detector, the system determines the absence or the correct/incorrect placement of the supply pack. A product availability detection is provided by detecting the intensity of light coming through a transparent element in the first type of supply pack by another light detector, the system identifies the degree of product presence in the first type of supply pack, while with the second type of supply pack the product availability is not detected and assumed to be available.

Claims

1. A system comprising: a beverage dispensing machine at least one first type of exchangeable supply pack comprising a first type of doser and a product to be supplied in the operation of the system; one or more detection means for at least automatically detection of the presence of the first type of exchangeable supply pack and of the product in the first type of exchangeable supply pack said detection means comprising: a first interface for incorporation in the beverage dispensing machine; a second interface on the first type of doser of the first type of exchangeable supply pack, operatively connectable to the first interface; a transmitter on the first interface for emitting radiation; a first detector on the first interface for detecting presence of product in the first type of exchangeable supply pack; a second detector on the first interface for detecting presence of the first type of exchangeable supply pack; and wherein the second interface on the first type of doser is receivable between the transmitter and both the first and second detectors, to interfere with radiation emitted by the transmitter, the second interface of the first type of doser comprising: a first substantially transparent element which in use is positioned between the transmitter and the first detector; and a second substantially opaque element which in use is positioned between the transmitter and the second detector, and wherein the system further comprises at least one second type of supply pack including a second type of doser acting as the second interface operatively connectable to the first interface, and having first and second elements receivable between the transmitter and the first and second detectors and to interfere with radiation emitted by the transmitter, the second type of doser has both its first element and its second element substantially opaque.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the transmitter is an infrared (IR) light transmitter.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the transmitter is a light emitting diode (LED).

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the detection means is configured to verify whether a detection signal generated by the first detector is below or above a predefined threshold.

5. The system according to claim 4, wherein when the first detector detects radiation above the predefined threshold in combination with the second detector generating substantially no signal, a period of time lapsed after activation is considered to determine whether a positioned first type of pack is empty or full, but still unopened.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein when the first detector detects radiation below the predefined threshold in combination with the second detector generating substantially no signal product is considered to be present in both first and second dosers.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the first interface is a machine interface, and the second interface is a first type or second type of pack interface.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the machine interface further includes a third detector.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the first detector is substantially aligned with the transmitter on a common axis.

10. The system of claim 8, wherein the third detector is directed perpendicular to the common axis, and the optical element is adapted to be aligned with both the first detector and the third detector.

11. The system of claim 8, wherein the third detector is a reflection sensor.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein the first element is a protruding housing portion, and wherein the second substantially opaque element is an opaque tab extending from a bottom of the protruding housing portion, positioned and located to ensure that during placing of an exchangeable second type of supply pack, radiation of the transmitter is first obscured by the opaque tab, before the protruding housing portion becomes aligned with the common axis.

13. The system of claim 1, wherein the second type of doser includes a pump having a driven pump pinion, and wherein the machine interface has a drive shaft for driving the pump pinion.

14. The system of claim 12, wherein the second type of doser includes a pump having a driven pump pinion, wherein the machine interface has a drive shaft for driving the pump pinion, and wherein detection of the tab initiates back and forth rotating movement of the drive shaft, to assist in engagement of the pump pinion with the drive shaft.

15. The system of claim 1, wherein in use, presence of product in the first type of exchangeable supply pack is detected dynamically during a dosing cycle of the product from the first type of supply pack to the beverage dispensing machine.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein a dynamic measurement algorithm is arranged to estimate an amount of air bubbles in the fluid product during a dosing cycle and to decide, based on that estimate, whether the first type of supply pack has reached an end of its contents.

17. The system of claim 1, wherein the transmitter is a light emitting diode (LED) with a wavelength in a range of 500 nm to 950 nm.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein the transmitter has an output angle of about 3 degrees.

19. The system of claim 1, wherein the first detector has a reception angle in a range of 16 to 24 degrees.

20. The system of claim 11, wherein the third detector is a reflection sensor and has a reception angle in a range of 16 to 24 degrees.

21. The system of claim 17, wherein the transmitter is a light emitting diode (LED) with a wavelength in a range of 650 nm to 880 nm.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Detailed aspects and further advantages of the invention will be explained in reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a supply detection arrangement according to the invention with a fully and correctly inserted exchangeable supply pack comprising a doser;

(3) FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a machine interface of the detection arrangement with an exchangeable supply pack comprising a doser not yet inserted;

(4) FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the machine interface with an exchangeable supply pack comprising a doser that has not fully been inserted;

(5) FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the machine interface with a fully and correctly inserted exchangeable supply pack comprising a doser;

(6) FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an inserted first type of exchangeable supply pack comprising a doser that is empty, or that has been emptied;

(7) FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a further embodiment that has a removable seal in the first type of exchangeable supply pack, which has not been opened;

(8) FIG. 7 shows schematic detector readings over time for pack-in-place detection (PIP) and product availability detection (PAD) for a first type of doser;

(9) FIG. 8 shows a side view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention;

(10) FIG. 9 is the perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 8;

(11) FIG. 10 is a supply detection arrangement according to the invention;

(12) FIG. 11 is an exploded view showing the primary components of an alternative form of a first type of doser for a system according to the invention;

(13) FIG. 12 shows the assembled doser of FIG. 11 with an optical detection arrangement that is part of a beverage dispensing appliance;

(14) FIGS. 13A, 13B, and 13C show a schematic representation of a prism operation with air (FIG. 13A), with water (FIG. 13B), and a detailed view of a stepped prism design (FIG. 13C);

(15) FIG. 14 is a general arrangement for the optical system of FIG. 12, as seen from above;

(16) FIG. 15 is a detail cross section view, on an enlarged scale, of a flow diverter;

(17) FIGS. 16A-B show the doser without supply pack as inserted in its home position with respect to a part of a beverage dispensing appliance that carries the optical sensor arrangement;

(18) FIG. 17 is a partial perspective detail view showing detection tab for pack approaching detection;

(19) FIG. 18 is a partial cross section of a gear pinion about to engage a drive shaft of the beverage appliance; and

(20) FIGS. 19A and 19B schematically show the doser lowering into position at larger (FIG. 19A) and smaller (FIG. 19B) distances of approaching;

(21) FIG. 20 shows an alternative second type of exchangeable doser and supply pack viewed from below;

(22) FIG. 21 shows a detail of a pack receiving loading channel of a beverage dispensing machine;

(23) FIG. 22 shows a side view, similar to FIG. 8, of the alternative second type of doser of the present invention; and

(24) FIG. 23 is a perspective view, similar to FIG. 9, of the second type of doser of FIG. 22.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(25) A preferred embodiment of the present invention uses double detection of a light beam, such as an Infra Red (IR) beam, radiated by a single transmitter, for detecting product positioning and product availability. It is expressively implied that transmitters and sensors in other frequency ranges of the spectrum can also be used.

(26) As shown in FIG. 1 a suitable means of detection can be an IR detection arrangement 1 with one single IR-transmitter 3 and first and second detectors 5, 7 instead of only one, as in conventional systems. The first or upper detector 5 together with the IR-transmitter 3 for detecting product availability is proven technology and has been used before in detection systems. A second or lower detector 7 is used to detect whether an exchangeable supply pack 9 comprising a doser 11 is in place. The detection arrangement 1 is part of a system that includes a beverage dispensing machine (not shown, but conventional) and at least one exchangeable supply pack comprising the doser 11. Such machines comprise at least one first or machine interface 13 for receiving at least one exchangeable supply pack 9 at at least one position. The doser 11 comprises a fluid connector and a dosing mechanism, such as a pump (not shown), and acts as a second or pack interface.

(27) With the arrangement according to FIG. 1 detections are possible as discussed in reference to FIGS. 2 to 6. In FIG. 2 and subsequent FIGS. 3 to 6 arrows depicted at the transmitter 3 and the first and second detectors 5, 7 will schematically indicate activity of the transmitter or the respective detector.

(28) In FIG. 2 a situation is depicted that a full exchangeable supply pack 9 comprising a doser 11 is not yet received between the transmitter 3 and the first and second detectors 5 and 7. Each of the first and second detectors is now exposed to the unobstructed radiation of the transmitter 3. This is characteristic for a situation that no pack is present. The doser 11 acts as a second or pack interface for cooperating with the first, or machine interface 13.

(29) In FIG. 3 a full exchangeable supply pack 9 is shown whereby the doser 11 of the supply pack 9 is partly inserted between the transmitter 3 and the first detector 5. The doser 11 has an upper part 11A that is substantially transparent. The doser 11 further has a lower part 11B. The lower part 11B of the doser 11 is substantially opaque. When the first detector 5, as shown in FIG. 3, does not detect any radiation from the transmitter and when at the same time the second detector 7 detects the unobstructed radiation from the transmitter 3, then it can be determined that the pack 9 is not correctly inserted.

(30) In FIG. 4 it is shown that the full pack 9 is properly inserted, with the upper part 11A facing the first detector 5 and the lower part 11B facing the second detector 7. In this case the pack 9 is full and thus filled with a liquid product. In this case the upper part 11A is filled with the liquid contents of the pack 9. Light emitted from the transmitter 3 is detected by the first detector 5 through the substantially transparent upper part 11A and the translucency of the liquid. This results in a signal generated by the first detector that is below a threshold typical for liquid detection (product availability). The second detector 7 receives no radiation from the transmitter 3, due to the opacity of the lower part 11B of the doser 11. This can be interpreted as a properly inserted full pack.

(31) In FIG. 5 the same situation as in FIG. 4 is shown, except that here the pack 9 has reached an empty state. Here the partly translucent liquid product has sank below the level of the first detector 5, which now receives radiation from the transmitter 3 that is only obstructed by the transparent outer wall of the upper part 11A. This results in a different signal being generated by the first detector 5 that is above a predefined threshold, typical for an empty upper part 11A.

(32) In a variation shown in FIG. 6, the pack 9 is additionally provided with a removable or pierceable seal 15, which separates the upper part 11A from the main body of the pack 9 that forms the actual fluid container. This seal 15 covers the outlet opening of the actual fluid container, and is automatically broached by mechanical piercing or pushing out of the removable seal 15 upon full engagement of the doser 11 with the machine interface 13. As shown in FIG. 6, the removal of the seal 15 has not been properly performed and no liquid has consequently entered the upper part 11A. This results in a combined reading of the first and second detectors 5 and 7 that differs from that in the situation of FIG. 4 and hence an unsuccessful broaching of the pack 9 can be detected. Basically the combined reading of the first and second detectors 5 and 7 is the same as in the situation of an emptied pack (FIG. 5), but the non-broached diagnosis can be related to the directly preceding pack insertion action having resulted in various changes of the detector readings.

(33) The available detector readings are assembled in Table 1.

(34) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 First detector (5) Second detector (7) Pack (9) Below threshold Below threshold Present and full Below threshold Above threshold Misplaced or in process of placement/removal Above threshold Below threshold Empty or not broached Above threshold Above threshold No pack present

(35) As shown in Table 1, double-conditions exist. To distinguish between these conditions it is also possible to make use of interaction with a door or hatch of a pack compartment of the machine. It is thus possible with such a door being closed or with the machine in start-up when this detector reading occurs to give the not broached condition a higher priority. It is also possible to activate the machine to retry broaching of the pack seal, even when it was already broached at an earlier stage. When after, for example, two seconds no fluid enters the dosing room of the upper part 11A, a valid conclusion is generated that the pack 9 is empty.

(36) Alternatively the non-broached and empty-pack diagnosis can also be related to a period of time that has lapsed after the appliance was last switched on.

(37) By plotting the signals of the first and second detectors 5 and 7 over time it can be determined whether a pack is being placed or removed. This is shown in FIG. 7 wherein schematic detector readings over time are shown for pack-in-place detection (PIP) and product-availability-detection (PAD) and the resulting diagnosis.

(38) An additional requirement is to perform the above explained product availability and/or pack-in-place detection for misplaced packs in a failsafe manner. In order to make the detection fail safe the valid detection range lies between 0% and 100%, which are typical failure modes of these type of detectors. A suitable testing routine can be provided by disconnection of the sensors or transmitter. To create a failsafe path in this, it is further proposed that the doser does not block light 100% for pack presence detection but by way of example only 70%. When 100% blocking is detected then likely something else has occurred, like a detector or transmitter having become defective. Examples are given in Table 2, which also includes the typical failure modes of the detectors.

(39) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 second Transmitter (3) first detector (5) detector (7) Pack (9) OK <80% 30% Present and full OK 30% >90% Misplaced OK >80% 30% Empty or not broached OK >90% >90% No pack placed OK Defect 0% >90% Misplaced OK Defect 100% >90% No pack placed OK Defect 0% Second detector (7) Abnormal low -> error OK Defect 100% Misplaced Defect 0% 0% Second detector pack Abnormal low -> error

(40) It is apparent that when in fail mode a transmitter is not transmitting any light anymore or a sensor is detecting no light anymore this is detectable in system when the light damping of dosing pack-presence part is by way of example 60 to 70% rather than 100%.

(41) FIGS. 8 and 9 show an alternative embodiment in side and in perspective view. This embodiment is a doser according to the principles as disclosed in WO 2011/037464. The two required elements are positioned besides the in and outlet of the doser that comprises a fluid connector and a dosing mechanism, such as a pump (not shown). The doser 11 has an upper part 11A that is substantially transparent, and that is filled with the liquid contents of the pack 9 (not shown). The doser 11 further has a lower part 11B. The lower part 11B of the doser 11 is substantially opaque. FIG. 9 shows the spout 17 for connecting the doser 11 to the exchangeable supply pack. FIG. 10 shows a supply detection arrangement 1 according to the invention wherein the doser according to FIGS. 8 and 9 fits. It clearly shows the transmitter 3 and the first and second detectors 5, 7.

(42) An alternative doser 31 is shown in FIG. 11. A first substantially transparent element or sample chamber 49 can be seen protruding from the right hand side of the doser 31. A stepped/serrated feature 51 provides the optical element of the system, as will be explained below. The doser further includes a bottom housing 39, a pump housing 41, and a top cap 43. The bottom housing 39 is the main housing of the doser 31. A pump accommodated in the pump housing 41 is a gear pump with a pair of mutually engaging gear pinions 45, 47. One of the gear pinions 45, 47 of the pair is arranged for coupling to a drive shaft of a beverage dispensing machine.

(43) The pump housing 41 provides the body of the gear pump and both an inlet and outlet orifices for the pump. In the specific embodiment, as described here an extension 55 in the fluid flow path 53 can be seen on the right hand side of the pump housing 41. This extension 55 functions as a flow diverter. This flow diverter 55 ensures that product drawn into the pump passes through the first substantially transparent element, in the present figure sample chamber 49, and hence through the field of view of an optical system to be described below. It should be understood however that the flow diverter is an optional element not essential to the operation of the optical system.

(44) The top cap 43 mounts to the bottom housing 39. The top cap 43 is used for attachment of the doser 31 to an exchangeable supply pack (not shown, but conventional).

(45) FIG. 12 shows the doser 31 of FIG. 11 in assembled condition and in position with respect to a detection arrangement. The end of product availability (liquid presence), in the alternative embodiment of doser 31, is physically indicated by the presence of air in the liquid product as it is dispensed. The detection system uses the change in refractive index between a liquid and air to amplify the presence of air in the fluid as is passes into the pump. An example of this optical effect is schematically shown in FIGS. 13A, 13B, and 13C.

(46) Light from an external light source 57 is directed towards a prism 59 that forms a part of the sample chamber 49. Here the prism 59 acts as an optical element, which can be an element in any shape or form that makes use of difference in refractive index of fluids and air. It is only required that such an optical element can be utilised to alter a direction of light falling onto this optical element. The light from the light source 57 passes through an external wall 61, but is reflected from an internal inside wall 63 when air is in the sample chamber 49 (see FIG. 13A). The reflected light then exits the prism 59 where it is detected by a third detector, e.g. a reflection sensor 65.

(47) The presence of a liquid in the sample chamber 49 (see FIG. 13B) changes the refractive index at the internal inside wall 63 causing the light to continue into the liquid instead of being reflected. Light emerging from a far chamber wall 67 is detected by a first or upper detector, e.g. transmission sensor 69.

(48) To reduce cost and improve manufacturability the solid prism 59 of the schematic FIGS. 13A and 13B is replaced by a series of smaller plurality of prism facets 71 shown in FIG. 13C. In the embodiment described the prism facets 71 form the stepped serrated feature 51 at an exterior of the inside wall 63 of the sample chamber 49. In other conceivable examples the whole housing of the doser might be used as the sample chamber and the prism facets could be incorporated into the housing side wall.

(49) The prism facets 71 act to amplify the presence of air in the sample chamber by switching light towards the reflection sensor 65 when air is present on the inside wall 63. A further method of improving detection is the monitoring of the various sensors during a pumping cycle. Usually such internal reflection sensors 65 could be used as static device in that the presence of air is only tested before or after the dispense cycle.

(50) The viscous and non-homogeneous nature of some liquids, especially liquid coffees, makes such an approach problematic. By monitoring the reflection and transmission sensors 65, 69 while the pump is operating it is possible to detect air bubbles entrained in the liquid. By careful design of the doser 31 it is possible to ensure that the entrained bubbles pass through the sensors' field of view. A further design consideration is to ensure that the bubbles are forced into contact with the internal wall 63 of each of the prism facets 71. This both improves detection and acts to clean the internal surfaces of product build up.

(51) In the schematic example described above, in reference to FIGS. 13A and 13B, a solid triangular prism 59 is used as the optical element in the system. The angle of the internal wall 63 is chosen as a function of the differing refractive index of air and the liquid to be measured. The angle is determined by optical analysis. Under ideal conditions with air in the sample chamber 49, all light is reflected to the reflection sensor 65 placed at 90 degrees to the incident light. Testing with various moulding techniques has shown that the optical performance is relatively unaffected by the slumping of surface features. The detection technique could therefore also use a solid prism. FIG. 13C shows the stepped prism design, using the plurality facets 71. In practice it is preferred that a low volume of plastic be used. The solid prism 59 has been implemented using a series of smaller triangular facets 71. These facets 71 form a step feature 51 as shown in FIG. 13C. Again the angle of the internal face or wall 63 is optimized through analysis. The size of the steps is a function of the light transmitting source 57 output angle and the reflection sensor 65 input angle. The facet steps 71 are typically at 90 degrees (but can be optimized if required). The surface finish should be flat and smooth to prevent surface scattering/lensing. Analysis has shown that a certain draft on either or both surfaces does not have a significant impact on its performance. The design is reasonably tolerant of variations due to manufacturing tolerances.

(52) In the present embodiment the flow diverter 55 is optionally employed to ensure correct operation in that the product must pass in front of the detection system as it is pumped. The flow diverter 55 has been added in the flow path 53 of the pump to ensure that product is drawn through the sample chamber area 49. The flow diverter 55 does not intervene with the existing pump inlet opening size. A side view of the flow diverter is shown in FIG. 15. The flow diverter 55 provides several advantages, in that: it directs product flow, and in particular air bubbles, in front of the reflection sensor 65; it is sized in one axis to ensure that air bubbles will touch the inner wall 63 of the prism facets 71; it does not interfere with the sensor field of view because it allows light to be conducted directly through clear plastic of the flow diverter 55 through to the transmission sensor 69 thus reducing the signal to noise ration of the system; and/or it is designed in shape and positioning to achieve the above and to provide a washing action against the inside of the prism facet, by guiding the fluid in contact therewith.

(53) The doser 31, as stated above, forms part of an exchangeable supply pack embodied as a bag-in-box consumable. The pack is placed into the coffee machine/dispenser where the optical detection system is located. The doser 31 is shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B engaged with an interface part 73 of a dispenser appliance. Thereby the doser 31 acts as a pack interface. Locating handles and other mechanisms are not shown to simplify FIGS. 16A and 16B. The optical components are located in the dispenser interface part 73 around a cavity 74 housing the sample chamber 49 with its prism facets 71. Looking at the right hand FIG. 16B the light source 57 is located to the right of the prism facets 71, as will be understood in conjunction with FIGS. 12 and 14. The reflection sensor 65 is located directly above the prism facets 71 (as illustrated in FIG. 16B), while the transmission sensor 69 is located to the left of the prism facets 71.

(54) A further function of the optical system is to confirm that the exchangeable supply pack has been properly loaded into the dispenser appliance. In this regard a separate Pack-in-Place (PIP) sensor 75 is located below the transmission sensor 69 at the left of the prism facets 71, as shown in FIG. 12.

(55) The dispenser appliance thus include, the detection system as shown in FIG. 12 and contains a number of advantageous features as will be described below. The transmission light source 57 for the detection system may be a light emitting diode (LED). To provide maximum penetration of the product an infrared LED (wavelength 880 nm) is preferred. The system will however also work at other wavelengths and has also been successfully tested at 650 nm. Generally a light emitting diode (LED) with a wavelength in a range of 500 nm to 950 nm, preferably within a range of 650 nm to 880 nm is suitable.

(56) The preferred wavelength is a function of the product's spectral absorbance characteristics. For the more commonly used transmission only type systems (shining through product) the wavelength will be tuned so that the maximum attenuation is achieved when the product is present. As noted earlier the build up of product on the side walls can make this approach problematic.

(57) For the proposed detection system the wavelength is chosen so that maximum transmission can be achieved. This allows light entering the sample chamber 49 to penetrate any film present that might be obscuring an air void behind it. A further advantage of an infrared light source is that it is not readily detected by a consumer during pack replacement.

(58) A second aspect of the transmission LED is its output beam angle. Illuminating the side wall of the sample chamber 49 with a wide angle light source will result in light propagating into and around the clear plastic side walls of the dosing assembly 31, This light can exit the side walls at various parts of the doser in an uncontrolled way and may make its way into the sensors in a rather uncontrolled manner. The result is that the sensors see some form of signal when in fact none should be present (reduced signal to noise ratio). To address this issue the output angle of the LED should be as narrow as possible and preferably around +/3 degrees (total half power beam width 6 degrees). Increasing the output angle is likely to result in reduced performance due to uncontrolled scattering of light.

(59) When air is present against the inner wall 63 of the prism facets 71 internal reflection will occur resulting in light from the LED light source 57 turning 90 degrees towards the reflection sensor 65. Where a film of product is present between the air and side wall reflection will occur at the film/air boundary. Although some attenuation and scattering will occur at this film/air interface performance of the system is still sufficient to provide a reliable indication that air bubbles are passing through the system. The spacing between the inner wall 63 and the diverter 55 is critical to ensure that the air bubble places sufficient force against the side wall to ensure that the film of product is optically thin.

(60) FIG. 14 is a detailed view of the optical system. The reflection sensor 65 is chosen to match the wavelength of the LED light source 57. The detection angle should be reasonably wide to allow integration of the signal coming from the prism internal surface 63. The reception angle should however not be so broad as to allow collection of stray light from other parts of the doser 31. An acceptance angle of 16 to 24 degrees (corresponding to: +/8 to +/12 degrees half power) is recommended.

(61) For optimum system performance the LED light source 57, reflection and transmission sensors 65, 69 should be aligned on the same horizontal plane. The reflection sensor should be located at 90 degrees to the LED axis (FIG. 12). The exact location of the sensor in the horizontal plane should be optimized.

(62) The transmission sensor 69 collects any light that passes through the sample chamber 49 when fluid product is present. The parameters for the transmission sensor 69 are similar to those of the reflection sensor 65 as regards wavelength and acceptance angle. Again for optimum performance the transmission sensor 69 should be located on the same axis as the LED light source 57.

(63) Simultaneous detection of both a reflection and transmission allows a more detailed assessment of the product to be made. For example relatively transparent products such as a thin liquid espresso will predominantly be detected by the transmission sensor 69. Products such as milk, with high opacity and scattering properties, will also show some signal on the reflection sensor 65. These variations in characteristics (in either the dynamic or static state) may make it possible to discern the product contained in the exchangeable supply pack. This in turn may allow the consumer to place the pack in any position in a multiple pack dispenser, that accepts a plurality of exchangeable supply packs. The dispenser can then ascertain the product type from the optical signals presented.

(64) With no doser 31 present in the dispenser appliance, i.e. in its interface part 73, the transmission sensor 69 will detect the output of the LED light source 57 directly while the reflection sensor 65 will receive no signal at all. This sensor reading can be used by auto calibration software to look at changes in the maximum signal level, where a change may represent possible contamination of the system.

(65) The presence of an empty doser 31 will result in the reflection sensor 65 receiving a maximum signal level and the transmission sensor 69 a minimum signal. Again an auto calibration can be carried out at this point. This condition can also be used to initiate a pump priming sequence.

(66) Where a used pack is placed in the machine both or either of the reflection and transmission sensors 65, 69 will receive a reduced signal level. In this case a pump priming sequence need not be initiated.

(67) Dynamic measurement is another feature of the detection system cooperating with the doser 31. Known fluid product availability sensor systems use a static system of measurement. An example is a float sensor in a fluid tank. In such systems the sensor allows the pump to operate so long as there is sufficient fluid available to keep the float switch closed. The nature of the fluid product used in the exchangeable supply pack related to the invention precludes a simple static detection system. Between dosing cycles (which may be days) a thick film of product can build up on the side walls of the sample chamber 49. This thick build up can obscure the transmission detector 69 resulting in a false indication of product availability.

(68) The dynamic system developed using the prism 59 (i.e. prism facets 71) and flow diverter 55 relies primarily on the detection of air bubbles entrained in the product. These bubbles passing through the sensor system sweep up against the inner wall 63 of the prism facets 71 result in short pulses of light refracting towards the reflection sensor 65. These pulses are readily detected during a pumping cycle.

(69) A dynamic measurement algorithm examines the sensor system during the pump cycle and estimates the percentage of the pump cycle that contains air. An adjustable threshold determines when an unacceptable amount of air is passing through the system. At this point the product is flagged as no longer being available (end of pack).

(70) An additional feature of the doser 31 is a second substantially opaque element 77 for wiggle and PIP sensing (FIG. 17). As the pack is placed into the dispenser a splined drive shaft 79 of the dispenser pump drive must engage with pinion 45 of the pump mechanism of the doser 31 (FIG. 18). A problem can be defined in that a driven member, such as the pinion 45 of the gear pump, has to be pressed into engagement with the splined shaft 79 that will be driving the pinion 45. Both driving shaft 79 and pinion 45 have a moderate amount of friction. When the splines 81 of the splined shaft 79 are not in line with mating formations 83 on the pinion 45 a solution is needed to align both without damaging the splines 81 or mating formations 83 of either part. This engagement is made easier if the drive shaft 79 is oscillating or wggled backwards and forwards by around +/40 degrees, in accordance with arrows 85, 87 indicated in FIG. 18. According to a proposed solution the PIP sensor 75 detects when the pinion 45 is getting close to the drive shaft 79 and when this is the case, the drive shaft 79 is wiggled slightly for a few degrees. This lasts a second after the PIP sensor 75 detects the presence of the pinion 45 by means of the second substantially opaque element, in this Figure detection tab 77 (FIG. 17). The chosen solution for simplifying the engagement between driving and driven members 79, 45 is effective without human attention. FIG. 17 shows the detection tab 77 for drive shaft approach and wiggle initiation. To aid early detection of the doser 31 approaching the splined drive shaft 79 of the appliance, the detection tab 77 is positioned at the bottom of the sample chamber 49. The tab 77 is sized and located to ensure that the light from the LED light source 57 to the transmission sensor 69 is obscured during lowering before the splined drive shaft 79 engages the pinion 45 of the doser 31. The tab 77 is used by the PIP sensor 75 for detecting pack approaching. As the pack is placed into the dispenser appliance the drive splines 81 of the dispenser drive shaft 79 must engage with the pump pinion 45 of the doser 31. This engagement is more readily achieved if the drive shaft 79 is rotated back and forth by a few degrees as the doser 31 engages the relevant splines 81. This oscillating rotation is referred to above as wiggling.

(71) A further aspect of the LED light source 57 and transmission sensor 69 is that they should be located to allow them to detect the bottom of the doser sample chamber 49 before the splined shaft 79 engages the pump mechanism. This detection initiates the wiggling action. The tab 77 is opaque or treated to be opaque and is added to the bottom of the sample chamber 49 to ensure that the transmission sensor 69 detects the housing at the correct point in the lowering cycle.

(72) The engagement between the splined shaft 79 and the doser housing 39 is shown in FIGS. 18 and 19. The shaft 79 meets the doser bottom surface when the doser 31 is a first distance of (in this example) 8.8 mm above its home position. The splines 81 on the shaft 79 only engage with the pinion 45 at a second distance representing the last (in this example) 3.9 mm of a lowering cycle. The wiggling needs to start between the first and the second distance. The engagement sequence is described in more detail below.

(73) FIG. 18 illustrates the spline engagement of the pump pinion 45 of the doser 31, while the subsequent pack-in-place detection is shown in FIGS. 19A and 19B. As a final check on system readiness the further PIP sensor 75 is placed below the transmission sensor 69. This sensor is activated when the doser 31 is in the fully loaded home position. The PIP sensor 75 is located so that sufficient light from the LED light source 57 will be detected when the pack is not in place. When properly located the tab 77 on the bottom of the sample chamber 49 will obscure the PIP sensor 75 thus providing an indication that the pack is fully loaded and can be operated (see also FIG. 17).

(74) As noted above the transmission sensor 69 and LED light source 57 should be on the same axis. To allow sufficient light to reach the PIP sensor 75, and to ensure that it is activated in the correct position, it may be necessary to move the transmission sensor 69 slightly off axis. In this case great care should be taken to ensure that performance of the product-availability-detection (PAD) system is not compromised. Optical ray tracing followed by testing is recommended to ensure that the system retains the desired PAD performance.

(75) The lowering sequence of the package with its doser 31 that is used to trigger the wiggling action and to indicate that the pack is in place is shown in FIGS. 17-19. At a third distance of (in this example) 10 mm above the home position light to the transmission sensor 69 is already being blocked by the tab 77 on sample chamber 49. As noted earlier, the shaft 79 is yet to meet with the housing 39 at this point.

(76) In FIG. 19A the doser 31 is shown lowering into position at the third distance of 10 mm, and in FIG. 19B at a fourth distance of (in this example) 5 mm. By about 5 mm the transmission sensor 69 is fully obscured, but still well ahead of the second distance of 3.8 mm of the drive shaft's engagement with the gear pinion 45. The PIP sensor 75 is now also starting to become obscured at this point. At a fifth distance of (in this example) 2.5 mm the PIP sensor 75 has become fully obscured. The loading handle (not shown but conventional) can conveniently have a spring loaded over-centre operation and so will assist to drive the doser 31 into its fully lowered home position.

(77) As shown in FIG. 20 a protruding second type of doser 119 of an alternative second type of supply pack or cartridge 113 has lateral pivot stud projections 121, 123 on opposite lateral sides. The alternative exchangeable supply pack 113 of the second type has a container housing 115 arranged for containing a product to be supplied in the operation of the system. On a bottom face of doser 119 are a drive port 125 and an ingredient outlet port 127. The ingredient outlet port 127 is provided with a flexible resilient annular seal 129. The doser 119 further includes a protruding housing portion 131. Different from the sample chamber 49, or transparent upper part 11A of the standard doser, described above, the protruding housing portion 131 is substantially opaque. The protruding housing portion 131 forms an upper part of the doser 119 that is substantially opaque and adapted to be filled with the product to be supplied. The doser 119 further has a lower tab 132 that is also substantially opaque and depends from the protruding portion 131. This lower tab 132 forms a substantially opaque lower part of the doser 119, comparable to the second substantially opaque elements 11B and 77 described herein above. This detail may be more fully understood by reference to FIGS. 22 and 23.

(78) A detail of a loading channel 133 inside a cartridge compartment of a beverage dispensing machine or appliance is shown in FIG. 21. This loading channel 133 may normally be behind a front hatch of the appliance (not shown, but conventional). The loading channel 133 illustrated in FIG. 21 is arranged for receiving two supply packs or cartridges 113, or mutually different cartridges equivalent to the exchangeable supply pack 9, in a side-by-side relationship. Each supply pack or cartridge 113 (or supply pack 9) will be inserted with its doser 119 (or 11, respectively 31) in a trailing position and as seen in FIG. 21 the loading channel 133 has first and second cavities 135A, 135B, comparable to the interface part 73 as described in reference to FIGS. 16A and 16B. Likewise the first and second cavities 135A, 135B are for accommodating the respective doser 119 of a supply pack or cartridge 113 inserted in the left or right hand part of the loading channel 133. Each parallel part of the loading channel 133 has a lever 137A, 137B associated with its confronting first or second cavity 135A, 135B. The left hand lever 137A is shown in its unlocked position ready to receive a supply pack or cartridge 113, while the right hand lever 137B is shown in a locked position, but without a cartridge inserted. Each cavity 135A, 135B has a protruding drive shaft 139A, 139B (the drive shaft 139B in FIG. 21 is hidden by lever 137B), and a female ingredient receiving connection 141A, 141B. These drive shafts 139A, 139B and female ingredient receiving connections 141A, 141B are each positioned for engaging the drive port 125 and ingredient outlet port 127 of the doser 119 of the relevant supply pack or cartridge 113. Each of the first and second cavities 135A, 135B is extended by a recess, comparable to the cavity 74 of the interface part 73 of FIGS. 16A and 16B, for receiving the substantially opaque housing portion 131 of the doser 119. Sensors 143, 145 are arranged in the recessed extensions of the cavities 135A, 135B to detect correct cartridge positioning, as well as product availability in the supply pack or cartridge 113 through the housing portion 131. The sensor indicated by reference 143 is an upper transmission sensor comparable to the sensors 5, or 69 described above, while the sensor indicated by reference 145 is a reflection sensor similar the sensor 65 described above. The second substantially opaque element of the doser 119 is the opaque tab 132 that extends from a bottom of the protruding housing portion 131, and is positioned and located to ensure that during placing of an exchangeable second type of supply pack 113, radiation of a transmitter of the machine interface 135A; 135B is first obscured by the opaque tab 132, before the protruding housing portion 131 becomes aligned with a common axis between the transmitter and sensor 143. As explained above the second substantially opaque element 132 is used for PIP sensing. When the second type of supply pack 113 is connected to the beverage dispensing machine the relevant drive shaft of the machine 139A; 139B must engage with the drive port 125 of the doser 119. When properly inserted into the machine interface 135A or 135B, the doser 119 with the upper part 131 faces a first or upper detector of sensor 143 and the lower part 132 faces a second or lower detector of sensor 143. The second substantially opaque element 132, in use is thus positioned between the transmitter and the second or lower detector of sensor 143. The effect of the alternative pack or cartridge 113 being inserted with its doser 119 into the cavity 135A or 135B is that the substantially opaque housing portion 131 will obscure transmission of the light source 3, 57 to either of the detector sensors 143 and 145. This has the effect that the alternative supply pack or cartridge 113 mimics product availability at all times. Such an alternative feature can be handy when for instance the alternative pack or cartridge 113 is refillable at the top, while it can remain connected to the beverage preparing and dispensing appliance.

(79) It is also possible to obtain the alternative exchangeable supply pack 113 of the second type by modifying a first type of exchangeable supply pack 9 by making a first substantially transparent element, such as an upper part 11A or sample chamber 49, of the first type of doser 11; 31, light absorbent. This can be done, for example, by providing a black-out coating or covering of the relevant transparent portion, by providing a light absorbing cover, or by any other means that would obliterate the sensors of the machine interface.

(80) While in the examples described herein the various detectors have been represented as sensors, it is within the understanding of the skilled person that such detectors could be assemblies inclusive of lenses, light guides, optical and/or electronic filters etc. As will also be clear to the skilled person, automated detection is unrelated to the specific gear pump for dosing fluid and other forms of dosing may be combined with the detection system of the invention.

(81) Accordingly means have been described that are provided for the support of the automated process of supplying beverages. More particularly, the detection of the presence and the contents of exchangeable supply packs (9) in beverage dispensing machines is thereby automated. A pack-in-place detection is provided by emitting light and measuring the presence of the emitted light on a one light detector (7, 75), the system determines the absence or the correct/incorrect placement of the supply pack. A product availability detection is provided by detecting the intensity of light coming through a transparent element in the supply pack by a another light detector (5; 65, 69), the system identifies the degree of product presence in the supply pack.

(82) It is believed that the operation and construction of the present invention will be apparent from the foregoing description and drawings appended thereto. It will be clear to the skilled person that the invention is not limited to any embodiment herein described and that modifications are possible which should be considered within the scope of the appended claims. Also kinematic inversions are considered inherently disclosed and to be within the scope of the invention. In the claims, any reference signs shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The term comprising and including when used in this description or the appended claims should not be construed in an exclusive or exhaustive sense but rather in an inclusive sense. Thus the expression comprising as used herein does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps in addition to those listed in any claim. Furthermore, the words a and an shall not be construed as limited to only one, but instead are used to mean at least one, and do not exclude a plurality. Features that are not specifically or explicitly described or claimed may be additionally included in the structure of the invention within its scope. Expressions such as: means for . . . should be read as: component configured for . . . or member constructed to . . . and should be construed to include equivalents for the structures disclosed. The use of expressions like: critical, preferred, especially preferred etc. is not intended to limit the invention. Additions, deletions, and modifications within the purview of the skilled person may generally be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as is determined by the claims.