Domestic refrigeration appliance with a coolant circuit and method for operating a domestic refrigeration appliance with a coolant circuit

Abstract

A domestic refrigeration appliance has a heat-insulated housing with a coolable inner container delimiting a coolable interior for storing foods. The interior is cooled with a coolant circuit that includes a compressor with a three-phase motor operated by an actuator via electrically powered motor windings. The actuator is actuated at least indirectly to operate the compressor in a switched-on state with a rotational speed of the three-phase motor at least approximately equal to a predetermined rotational speed. The actuator is caused to switch off the compressor such that the rotational speed of the three-phase motor decreases to a predetermined minimum rotational speed, and thereafter to switch off the three-phase motor for at least a predetermined period of time by de-energizing the motor windings. The period of time is selected long enough to reduce the speed of the motor, beginning from the minimum rotational speed, to reach standstill.

Claims

1. A method of operating a domestic refrigeration appliance, the appliance having a heat-insulated housing with a coolable inner container, which delimits a coolable interior for storing foods, an actuator, and a coolant circuit with a compressor for cooling the coolable interior, the compressor having a three-phase motor with motor windings to be operated by the actuator by electrically powering the motor windings, the method comprising: operating the compressor in a switched-on state by operating the three-phase motor, activated by the actuator, substantially at a predetermined rotational speed; switching off the compressor from the switched-on state by: reducing the rotational speed of the three-phase motor, under control of the actuator, until the rotational speed reaches a predetermined minimum rotational speed; and subsequently switching off the three-phase motor by de-energizing the motor windings for a predetermined period of time; thereby selecting the predetermined period of time to be long enough for the rotational speed of the three-phase motor, beginning from the minimum rotational speed, to reach a rotational speed of zero rpm; and after the expiration of the predetermined period of time, applying an active braking to the three-phase motor with the actuator to ensure that the three-phase motor and the compressor reach a complete shutdown.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: the three-phase motor is a three-phase synchronous motor; and/or the compressor is a piston compressor; the domestic refrigeration appliance has a closed-loop controlled electric drive comprising the actuator and the three-phase motor, and having speed-regulated operation of the compressor in the switched-on state, so that the three-phase motor is operated, activated by the actuator, at substantially the predetermined rotational speed; and/or the actuator is a converter that generates a three-phase electric voltage with a frequency assigned to the rotational speed of the three-phase motor from a direct voltage and the three-phase electric voltage is applied to the motor windings for activating the motor windings with the electric power.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the reducing step comprises decreasing a frequency of a three-phase electrical voltage to decrease the rotational speed of the three-phase motor to the predetermined minimal rotational speed.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the reducing step comprises speed-regulated decreasing of the rotational speed of the three-phase motor controlled by the actuator until the rotational speed reaches the predetermined minimum rotational speed.

5. A method of operating a domestic refrigeration appliance, the appliance having a heat-insulated housing with a coolable inner container, which delimits a coolable interior for storing foods, an actuator, and a coolant circuit with a compressor for cooling the coolable interior, the compressor having a three-phase motor with motor windings to be operated by the actuator by electrically powering the motor windings, the method comprising: operating the compressor in a switched-on state by operating the three-phase motor, activated by the actuator, substantially at a predetermined rotational speed, the compressor having a compressor chamber with an inlet and with an outlet, a piston movably supported within the compressor chamber and a crankshaft, and the three-phase motor having a stator with the motor windings and a rotor rotatably supported with respect to the stator and coupled via the crankshaft with the piston; in the switched-on state of the compressor, reducing a volume with the piston, for compressing a coolant of the coolant circuit enclosed by the compressor chamber; switching off the compressor from the switched-on state by: reducing the rotational speed of the three-phase motor, under control of the actuator, until the rotational speed reaches a predetermined minimum rotational speed; and subsequently switching off the three-phase motor by de-energizing the motor windings for a predetermined period of time; thereby selecting the predetermined period of time to be long enough for the rotational speed of the three-phase motor, beginning from the minimum rotational speed, to reach a rotational speed of zero rpm; and, additionally, once the three-phase motor has reached the rotational speed of zero rpm, moving the three-phase motor, under control of the actuator, until the piston assumes a predetermined position relative to the compressor chamber.

6. A domestic refrigeration appliance, comprising: a heat-insulated housing with a coolable inner container that delimits a coolable interior for storing foods; an actuator and a coolant circuit for cooling the interior, said coolant circuit including a compressor with a three-phase motor having motor windings to be activated with electric power under control of said actuator; an electronic control device for controlling an operation of said cooling circuit, said electronic control device being configured: to activate said actuator such that, when said compressor is switched on, a rotational speed of said three-phase motor, on account of activation by said actuator is substantially equal to a predetermined rotational speed; to activate said actuator at least indirectly in order to switch off said compressor and to decrease the rotational speed of said three-phase motor under control by said actuator until the rotational speed reaches a predetermined minimum rotational speed; to subsequently activate said actuator to switch off said three-phase motor for at least a predetermined period of time, by de-energizing said motor windings, and to thereby select the predetermined period of time to be long enough for the rotational speed of said three-phase motor, beginning from the minimal rotational speed, to reach a rotational speed of zero rpm; and to subsequently, after the expiration of the predetermined period of time, apply an active braking to ensure that the three-phase motor and the compressor reach a complete shutdown under control of the actuator.

7. The domestic refrigeration appliance according to claim 6, wherein: said three-phase motor is a three-phase synchronous motor; said compressor is a piston compressor; and/or a closed-loop controlled electric drive comprising said actuator and said three-phase motor, and configured to operate said compressor in a switched-on state in a speed-regulated manner by way of said electric drive, so that the rotational speed of said three-phase motor is substantially equal to the predetermined rotational speed; and/or said actuator is a converter that generates a three-phase electric voltage with a frequency assigned to the rotational speed of said three-phase motor from a direct voltage, said voltage being applied to said motor windings for activating said motor windings with the electric power.

8. The domestic refrigeration appliance according to claim 7, configured to decrease the frequency of the three-phase electrical voltage, so that the rotational speed of said three-phase motor decreases to the predetermined minimal rotational speed.

9. The domestic refrigeration appliance according to claim 7, configured to decrease the rotational speed of said three-phase motor in the speed-regulated manner controlled by said actuator until the rotational speed reaches a predetermined minimum rotational speed.

10. The domestic refrigeration appliance according to claim 6, wherein: said compressor comprises a compressor chamber with an inlet and an outlet, a piston movably supported within said compressor chamber and a crankshaft; said three-phase motor comprises a stator with said motor windings and a rotor rotatably supported with respect to said stator and coupled via said crankshaft with said piston; during an operation of said compressor, said piston decreasing a volume enclosed by said compressor chamber and said piston, for compressing a coolant of said coolant circuit, being driven by said three-phase motor; and after said three-phase motor has reached the rotational speed of zero rpm, said three-phase motor is moved in a controlled manner by said actuator to cause said piston to assume a predetermined position relative to said compressor chamber.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING

(1) One exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown by way of example in the appended, schematic drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a domestic refrigeration appliance in a perspective view,

(3) FIG. 2 shows a coolant circuit of the domestic refrigeration appliance having a compressor,

(4) FIG. 3 shows the compressor, which comprises a three-phase synchronous motor,

(5) FIG. 4 shows the three-phase synchronous motor and an actuator activating the three-phase synchronous motor, and

(6) FIG. 5 shows a course of a rotational speed of the three-phase synchronous motor.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(7) FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a domestic refrigeration appliance 1, which comprises a heat-insulated housing 10 with an inner container 2, which delimits a coolable interior 3. The coolable interior 3 is provided for storing food (not shown in detail).

(8) In the case of the present exemplary embodiment, the domestic refrigeration appliance 1 has a pivotable door leaf 4 for closing the coolable interior 3. The door leaf 4 is supported, in particular, pivotably relative to a vertically extending axis. When the door leaf 4 is opened as shown in FIG. 1, the coolable interior 3 is accessible.

(9) Arranged on the side of the door leaf 4 facing in the direction of the coolable interior 3 in the case of the present exemplary embodiment are a plurality of door trays 5 for storing food. Arranged in the coolable interior 3 are, in particular, a plurality of shelves 6 for storing food and arranged, in particular, in the lower region of the coolable interior 3 is a drawer 7 in which, also, food can likewise be stored.

(10) The domestic refrigerator 1 comprises a coolant circuit 20, shown in FIG. 2, for cooling the coolable interior 3. In the case of the present exemplary embodiment, the coolant circuit 20 comprises a coolant essentially known to the person skilled in the art, but not shown in more detail, a compressor 21, a condenser 22 arranged downstream of the compressor 21, a throttle device 23 arranged downstream of the condenser 22, which is embodied in particular as a throttle or capillary tube, and an evaporator 24 which is arranged between the throttle device 23 and the compressor 21. The compressor 21 is preferably arranged within a machine compartment of the domestic refrigeration appliance 1, which is disposed, in particular, behind the drawer 7.

(11) The compressor 21 is preferably embodied as a piston compressor and shown in more detail in FIG. 3.

(12) The compressor 21 comprises a compressor chamber 31 with an inlet 32 and with an outlet 33 for the coolant, and a piston 34 supported movably within the compressor chamber 31. The inlet 32 and the outlet 33 are each provided with corresponding valves, such as is essentially known to the person skilled in the art.

(13) The compressor 21 comprises a crankshaft 35 and a three-phase motor embodied preferably as a three-phase synchronous motor 36.

(14) The three-phase synchronous motor 36 is in particular a permanent magnet-excited three-phase synchronous motor, preferably a brushless direct current motor, and comprises a stator 37 and a rotor 38 which is supported pivotably relative to the stator 37. One of the ends of the crankshaft 35 is coupled to the piston 34 and the other end of the crankshaft 35 is coupled to the rotor 38 of the three-phase synchronous motor 36, so that during normal operation of the domestic refrigeration appliance 1 or when the compressor 21 is switched on, the piston 34 is able to decrease a volume 39, enclosed by the compressor chamber 31 and the piston 34 for compressing the coolant, using the three-phase synchronous motor 36.

(15) In the case of the present exemplary embodiment, the domestic refrigeration appliance 1 comprises an electronic control device 8, which is configured to activate the coolant circuit 20, in particular the compressor 21 of the coolant circuit 20, such that the coolable interior 3 has at least approximately a predetermined or predeterminable target temperature. The electronic control device 8 is preferably configured such that it regulates the temperature of the coolable interior 3. In order, if required, to obtain the actual temperature of the coolable interior 3, the domestic refrigeration appliance 1 can have at least one temperature sensor (not shown in detail) which is connected to the electronic control device 8.

(16) In order to activate or regulate the coolant circuit 20, in the case of the present exemplary embodiment, the domestic refrigeration appliance 1 comprises an electrical drive 40, shown in FIG. 4, which has the three-phase synchronous motor 36 of the compressor 21. The electrical drive 40 comprises, aside from the three-phase synchronous motor 36, an actuator activating the three-phase synchronous motor 36, preferably in the form of an inverter or converter 41.

(17) The electrical drive 40 is preferably a regulated electrical drive, which is preferably based on the field-oriented control essentially known to the person skilled in the art and comprises a control (not shown). A field-oriented control forms a cascade structure with internal current control loops, which is overlaid by an external rotational speed control loop.

(18) The actual rotational speed n.sub.actual of the three-phase synchronous motor 36 is preferably determined without a sensor.

(19) In the case of the present exemplary embodiment, if required the three-phase synchronous motor 36 is driven according to a target rotational speed n.sub.target predetermined by the electronic control device 8. In this state, the compressor 21 is switched on. The target rotational speed n.sub.target is calculated or predetermined in particular by the electronic control device 8, on account of an intentional cooling of the coolable interior 3, for instance on account of the current temperature and the target temperature of the coolable interior 3.

(20) During operation of the electric drive 40, the actuator or the converter 41 in a generally known manner generates a three-phase electrical voltage from a direct voltage U.sub.dc, the fundamental oscillation of which has an amplitude and a basic frequency f, which is directly dependent on the target rotational speed n.sub.target and the actual rotation speed n.sub.actual of the three-phase synchronous motor 36. In particular, the converter 41 is able, in a generally known manner, to generate the three-phase electrical voltage for the three-phase synchronous motor 36 from the direct voltage U.sub.dc such that during operation of the compressor 21 by motor windings 41 of the three-phase synchronous motor 36 or its stator 37, electrical currents are able to flow in order to operate the three-phase synchronous motor 36 at the desired rotational speed, i.e. the rotor 38 rotates relative to the stator 37 with the actual rotational speed n.sub.actual.

(21) The converter 41 comprises in particular, as is essentially known to the person skilled in the art, a number of activatable semiconductor switches T1 to T6, which comprise e.g. transistors, for instance IGBTs, in each case. In particular, the converter 41, as is generally known, comprises an upper half bridge with a first group of semiconductor switches T1 to T3, and a lower half bridge with a second group of semiconductor switches T4 to T6.

(22) In the case of the present exemplary embodiment, the domestic refrigeration appliance 1 is configured to switch off the ongoing, i.e. switched-on compressor 21, on account of the subsequently described method. FIG. 5 shows the actual rotational speed n.sub.actual of the three-phase synchronous motor 36 as a function of time t during this switch-off.

(23) The compressor 21 is firstly switched on, so that in the case of the present exemplary embodiment, the three-phase synchronous motor 36 is operated in a speed-regulated manner and the actual speed n.sub.actual, is at least approximately equal to the predetermined target rotational speed n.sub.target.

(24) At a first point in time t.sub.1, the compressor 21 is to be switched off. Thereupon the electronic control device 8 in particular controls the converter 41 at least indirectly such that the actual speed n.sub.actual of the three-phase synchronous motor 36 decreases until the actual speed n.sub.actual has reached a predetermined minimum rotational speed n.sub.min. Decreasing the rotational speed of the three-phase synchronous motor 36 can be carried out with a constant gradient, for instance 400 (revolutions per second)/(second) or also with a variable gradient. The minimum rotational speed n.sub.min amounts to 800 rpm for instance. The minimum rotational speed n.sub.min may equate to the minimum operating speed of the three-phase synchronous motor 36. It may however also be higher or lower than the minimum operating speed of the three-phase synchronous motor 36.

(25) Decreasing the rotational speed of the three-phase synchronous motor 36 does not necessarily have to be carried out in a speed-regulated manner. It is also possible to activate the semiconductor switches T1-T6 directly, e.g. by means of the electronic control device 8, such that the frequency of the three-phase electrical voltage decreases, as a result of which the rotational speed of the three-phase motor 36 likewise decreases. The frequency of the three-phase electrical voltage is at least an approximate measure of the actual rotational speed n.sub.actual. The converter 41 or its semiconductor switches T1-T6 are activated in particular such that they effect a significant braking torque on the three-phase synchronous motor.

(26) In the case of the present exemplary embodiment, the rotational speed of the three-phase synchronous motor 36 reaches the minimum rotational speed n.sub.min at a second point in time t2. Hereupon the electronic control device 8 in particular controls the converter 41 at least indirectly such that the three-phase synchronous motor 36 is switched off for at least one predetermined period of time t. This is achieved by the motor windings 42 being de-energized, by, in the case of the present exemplary embodiment, at least the semiconductor switches T4-T6 of the lower half bridge of the converter 41 being opened.

(27) The switch-off of the three-phase synchronous motor 36 can optionally be synchronized with the reaching of a specific position of the rotor 38 relative to the stator 37.

(28) The predetermined period of time t is selected to be sufficiently long for the rotational speed, i.e. the actual rotational speed n.sub.actual of the three-phase synchronous motor 36, beginning from the minimum rotational speed n.sub.min, to reach the rotational speed of 0 rpm at a third point in time t3. The predetermined period of time t can be determined empirically.

(29) In practice, it may occur, however, that the compressor 21 and thus the three-phase synchronous motor 36, after the shutdown, i.e. once it has reached the rotational speed equating to 0 rpm, rotates backward a little. Such a backward movement may then if necessary be prevented or at least decreased by an active braking e.g. by a corresponding energizing or by a short-circuiting of the motor windings 42, preferably activated by the converter 41, so that the three-phase synchronous motor 36 and thus the compressor 21 come to a full shutdown.

(30) In the case of the present exemplary embodiment, provision can still be made for the domestic refrigeration appliance 1 to be configured, once the three-phase synchronous motor 36 and thus the compressor 21 have come to a complete shutdown, to move the three-phase synchronous motor 36 in a controlled manner by means of the converter 41 such that the piston 34 assumes a predetermined position relative to the compressor chamber 31.

LIST OF REFERENCE CHARACTERS

(31) 1 Domestic refrigeration appliance 2 Inner container 3 Coolable interior 4 Door leaf 5 Door tray 6 Shelf 7 Drawer 8 Electronic control device 10 Housing 20 Coolant circuit 21 Compressor 22 Condenser 23 Throttle device 24 Evaporator 31 Compressor chamber 32 Inlet 33 Outlet 34 Piston 35 Crankshaft 36 Three-phase synchronous motor 37 Stator 38 Rotor 39 Volume 40 Electrical drive 41 Converter 42 Motor windings C Capacitor n.sub.actual Actual rotational speed t Time t.sub.1-t.sub.3 Point in time T1-T6 Semiconductor switches U.sub.dc Direct voltage t Period of time