A Bitumen Composition Comprising a Wax Mixture Consisting of a Petroleum Slack Wax and a Fischer-Tropsch Wax, the Use of the Wax Mixture in Bitumen Compositions, the Use of the Bitumen Composition in Asphalt Compositions, Asphalt Compositions Comprising the Bitumen Composition and the Method of Producing Asphalt Pavements Thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a bitumen composition comprising a petroleum slack wax and a Fischer-Tropsch wax, the use of the waxes in bitumen compositions, the use of the bitumen composition in asphalt compositions, asphalt compositions comprising the bitumen composition and a method for producing asphalt pavements and constructions thereof. The bitumen has proved to have better processing characteristics.

Claims

1. A bitumen composition comprising at least one wax mixture consisting of 20 to 80 wt.-% of a petroleum slack wax (PSW), and 20 to 80 wt.-% of a Fischer-Tropsch wax (FTW), each relative to the total mass of the at least one wax mixture.

2. The bitumen composition according to claim 1 comprising 0.5 to 2.5 wt. % of the at least one wax mixture.

3. The bitumen composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one wax mixtures consists of 30 to 70 wt. % of the PSW, and the remainder being the FTW.

4. The bitumen composition according to claim 1, wherein the PSW has one or more of the following features: a congealing point according to ASTM D 938 below 65 C.; a MEK-oil content according to ASTM D 7211-06 above 15 wt.-% a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. according to ASTM D 7042-11 between 5 and 10 mm.sup.2/s; a needle penetration at 25 C. according to ASTM D 1321 above 50 1/10 mm; and a n-alkane content below 40 wt.-%.

5. The bitumen composition according to claim 1, wherein the FTW has one or more of the following features: a congealing point according to ASTM D 938 above 70 C.; a MEK-oil content according to ASTM D 7211-06 below 5 wt. % a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. according to ASTM D 7042-11 between 5 and 10 mm.sup.2/s; a needle penetration at 25 C. according to ASTM D 1321 below 10 1/10 mm; and a n-alkane content above 80 wt.-%.

6. The bitumen composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one wax mixture has one or more of the following features: a congealing point according to ASTM D 938 between 70 and 85 C.; a MEK-oil content according to ASTM D 7211-06 below 10 wt.-%; a needle penetration at 25 C. according to ASTM D 1321 between 15 and 30 1/10 mm; and a n-alkane content above 60 wt.-%.

7. The bitumen composition according to claim 1, wherein the FTW, the PSW or both are hydrotreated.

8. The bitumen composition according to claim 1, wherein the bitumen composition further comprises one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of elastomers and plastomers.

9. The bitumen composition according to claim 1, wherein the bitumen composition further comprises one or more additives selected from the group consisting of rubber, resins, anti-stripping agents, fibers, organosilanes, surfactants and adhesion promoters.

10. (canceled)

11. (canceled)

12. An asphalt composition comprising the bitumen composition according to claim 1, stone aggregate and fillers.

13. The asphalt composition according to claim 12, wherein the asphalt composition comprises greater than 25 wt. % reclaimed asphalt.

14. A method for the production of asphalt pavements by means of process A comprising the following steps: mixing the bitumen composition according to claim 1 with mineral aggregate and fillers at temperatures between 150 to 190 C.; in case of mastic asphalt up to 250 C. to obtain an asphalt composition; filling the asphalt composition in a truck or storage silo; transporting the asphalt composition to the building site; applying the asphalt composition to the surface with a paver to obtain an asphalt surface; and compacting the asphalt surface with a roller, or by process B comprising the following steps: transporting the bitumen compositions according to claim 1 to the building site having temperatures between 150 to 190 C.; spraying the bitumen composition on the surface; distributing mineral aggregates over the hot layer of the bitumen composition; and pressing the mineral aggregates into the layer of the bitumen using a roller.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein process A comprises adding greater 25 wt. % recycled asphalt, without heating it.

16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the applying and/or compacting of the asphalt composition takes place at temperatures below 150 C.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0044] In a preferred embodiment the bitumen composition comprises 0.5 to 2.5 wt.-%, more preferably 1.0 to 2.0 wt.-% of the at least one wax mixture.

[0045] The wax mixture preferably consists of 30 to 70 wt.-% of the petroleum slack wax; and 30 to 70 wt.-% of the Fischer-Tropsch wax.

[0046] Furthermore the wax mixture more preferably consists of 50 wt.-%, most preferably 40 wt.-% of the petroleum slack wax (PSW); and more preferably 50 wt.-%, most preferably 60 wt.-% of the Fischer-Tropsch wax (FTW).

[0047] Petroleum slack waxes as used in the composition according to the invention are defined as crude or raw paraffin waxes originating from petroleum vacuum distillation cuts, which according to a further embodiment are bleached and/or hydrotreated (which according to the understanding of this invention are also defined as slack waxes). They may be further characterized in terms of viscosity classes according to ASTM D 2161 ranging from 80 to 600 SUS (SUS=Saybolt Universal Seconds), preferably from 300 to 600 SUS.

[0048] The petroleum slack wax preferably has one or more of the following features: [0049] a congealing point according to ASTM D 938 below 65 C.; [0050] a MEK-oil content according to ASTM D 7211-06 above 15 wt.-%; [0051] a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. according to ASTM D 7042-11 between 5 and 10 mm.sup.2/s, preferably 6 to 8 mm.sup.2/s; [0052] a needle penetration at 25 C. according to ASTM D 1321 above 50 1/10 mm; and [0053] a n-alkane content below 60 wt.-%.

[0054] Fischer-Tropsch waxes as used in the composition according to the invention are defined as waxes originating from the Cobalt- or Iron-catalyzed Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of syngas (CO and H.sub.2) to alkanes. The crude product of this synthesis is separated into liquid and different solid fractions by distillation. The waxes contain predominantly n-alkanes, a low number of iso-alkanes and basically no cyclo-alkanes or impurities like e.g. sulfur or nitrogen. In return the number of olefins is higher compared to petroleum based waxes. The Fischer-Tropsch waxes have a congealing point of 30 C. to 105 C. and a carbon chain length of 15 to 65 carbon atoms.

[0055] The Fischer-Tropsch wax preferably has one or more of the following features: [0056] a congealing point according to ASTM D 938 above 70 C., preferably above 75 C., more preferably between greater 75 C. and 85 C. and most preferably between greater 75 C. and 82 C.; [0057] a MEK-oil content according to ASTM D 7211-06 below 5 wt.-%, preferably below 2 wt.-%; [0058] a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. according to ASTM D 7042-11 between 5 and 10 mm.sup.2/s, preferably 7 to 9 mm.sup.2/s; [0059] a needle penetration at 25 C. according to ASTM D 1321 below 10 1/10 mm; and [0060] a n-alkane content above 80 wt.-%.

[0061] The wax mixture preferably has one or more of the following features: [0062] a congealing point according to ASTM D 938 between 70 and 85 C., preferably between 72 C. and 83 C. and more preferably between 75 C. and 82 C.; [0063] a MEK-oil content according to ASTM D 7211-06 below 10 wt.-%; [0064] a needle penetration at 25 C. according to ASTM D 1321 between 15 and 30 1/10 mm; and [0065] a n-alkane content above 60 wt.-%.

[0066] The above n-alkane content is determined by gas chromatography. The standard method 001/03 of the European Wax Federation may be used for that.

[0067] The Fischer-Tropsch wax or the petroleum slack wax are preferably hydrotreated, more preferably both are hydrotreated. Hydrotreatment of the wax components does improve the ageing resistance of the bitumen composition comprising them.

[0068] Without being bound to this theory this may come from the lower amount of unsaturated hydrocarbons in the wax components after hydrotreatment.

[0069] The hydrotreating of the Fischer-Tropsch wax may be conducted catalytically using any suitable technique known to persons skilled in the art of wax hydrotreating. Typically, the Fischer-Tropsch wax is hydrotreated using hydrogen at an absolute pressure between about 30 and about 70 bar, e.g. about 50 bar and an elevated temperature between about 150 and about 250 C., e.g. about 220 C. in the presence of a Nickel-catalyst, such as NiSat 310 available from Sued-Chemie SA (Pty) Ltd of 1 Horn Street, Chloorkop, 1624, South Africa. The hydrotreating of the Fischer-Tropsch wax is to be understood as a process in which components such as alcohols or other compounds containing oxygen and unsaturated hydrocarbons such as olefins are converted to alkanes by a catalytic reaction with hydrogen. It does not include cracking reactions such as hydroisomerization or hydrocracking.

[0070] Petroleum slack waxes contain aromatic, sulfur and nitrogen compounds. The slack waxes can be freed from above other components by hydrotreating under enhanced conditions such as a hydrogen pressure of 80 to 150 bar, a temperature of 250 to 350 C. and preferably at space velocities of 0.3 to 2 h.sup.1. Preferred catalysts which are suitable for hydrotreating petroleum slack waxes are sulfurized Ni, Mo, W catalysts.

[0071] The bitumen composition may also comprise one or more polymers selected from the group of elastomers, e.g. SBS and similar block-co-polymers and plastomers, e.g. EVA or polyolefins, according to one embodiment up to 7 wt. %.

[0072] Further additives may be selected from the group of rubber (e.g. up to 25 wt. %), resins (e.g. up to 10 wt. %), anti-stripping agents (e.g. up to 3 wt. %), fibers (e.g. up to 5 wt. %), organosilanes (e.g. up to 2 wt. %), surfactants and/or adhesion promoters (e.g. up to 2 wt. %) such as amines, amides or organic esters of phosphoric acid. It is also possible to add further hydrocarbons (different from above claimed waxes).

[0073] Such an asphalt composition may be used for road pavements, airport pavements, fuel station pavements, driveway pavements, parking lot pavements, bicycle and walking path pavements, pavements of logistic areas or agricultural pavements.

[0074] Furthermore, the asphalt composition preferably contains greater 25 wt.-%, preferably greater 30 wt.-%, more preferably greater 40 wt.-% and most preferably greater 60 wt.-% reclaimed asphalt.

[0075] In another embodiment of the invention the method for the production of asphalt pavements (process A) comprising: [0076] mixing the bitumen composition as described above with mineral aggregate and fillers at temperatures between 150 to 190 C., in case of mastic asphalt up to 250 C., to obtain an asphalt composition; [0077] filling the asphalt composition in a truck or storage silo; [0078] transporting it to the building site; [0079] applying the asphalt composition to the surface with a paver to obtain an asphalt surface; and [0080] compacting the asphalt surface with a roller is claimed.

[0081] The method may comprise adding greater 25 wt.-%, preferably greater 30 wt.-%, more preferably greater 40 wt.-% and most preferably greater 60 wt.-% recycled asphalt without heating it.

[0082] In another embodiment of the invention the method for the production of asphalt pavements (process B) comprising: [0083] transporting the bitumen composition as described above to the building site; [0084] spraying the bitumen composition on the surface; [0085] distributing mineral aggregates over the hot layer of the bitumen composition; and [0086] pressing the mineral aggregates into the layer of the bitumen composition using a roller is claimed.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

[0087] Bitumen samples with grade 70/100 (unmodified) according to DIN EN 12591 were mixed with 1.5 wt.-% of wax mixture A (Sasobit Redux, see table 1) consisting of 40 wt.-% Sasolwax C80M and 60 wt.-% Prowax 561 or 1.5 wt.-% of a Fischer-Tropsch wax (Sasobit) relative to bitumen.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Properties of wax mixture A, petroleum slack wax and Fischer-Tropsch wax used in the wax mixture A and Sasobit. Penetration @ Viscosity @ Congealing 25 C. 100 C. point [ C.] [1/10 mm] [mm.sup.2/s] n-alkane Oil-content ASTM D 938 ASTM D 1321 ASTM D 7042-11 content * ASTM D 7211-06 Wax mixture A (60% PSW1/40% FTW1) = Sasobit Redux 78.0 27 8.2 62.5 7.8 PSW1 (Prowax 561 from ExxonMobil) 63.5 76 8.5 32.6 17.4 FTW1 (Sasolwax C80M) 77.0 9 8.0 86.2 1.3 Sasobit 101.0 1 12.0 @ 135 C. 89.9 <1.0 * By gas chromatography according to the standard method 001/03 of the European Wax Federation

[0088] The congealing point of the wax mixture A is dominated by the higher-melting Fischer-Tropsch wax component Sasolwax C80M so that it has the same congealing point as the Fischer-Tropsch wax within the accuracy of the applicable method (ASTM D 938).

[0089] The properties of the bitumen samples were determined by measuring needle penetration according to DIN EN 1426, the softening point (ring & ball) according to DIN EN 1427 and the complex shear modulus G* as well as the phase angle 6 each according to DIN EN 14770, the latter by applying a Dynamic Shear Rheometer. High G* and low values mean high stiffness of the bituminous binder (table 2).

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Bitumen properties. 0% Wax added 1.5% Wax mixture A 1.5% Sasobit Parameter [unit] (100% bitumen) (98.5% bitumen) (98.5% bitumen) Penetration at 25 C. [0.1 mm] 72.0 59.0 48.0 Softening point Ring & Ball [ C.] 48.8 50.4 57.4 G* at 40 C. [Pa] 26840 49500 69170 G* at 50 C. [Pa] 6169 7767 15240 G* at 60 C. [Pa] 1671 1517 3684 Phase angle at 40 C. [] 78.62 74.35 70.94 Phase angle at 50 C. [] 83.35 81.20 75.51 Phase angle at 60 C. [] 86.47 86.30 78.27

[0090] It can be seen that the wax mixture A has much lower impact on the needle penetration, the softening point, the complex modulus and the phase angle of the bitumen than the Fischer-Tropsch wax Sasobit. These results display the reduced impact on the stiffness of bitumen, when a mixture of petroleum slack wax and Fischer-Tropsch wax is used.

[0091] To determine the influence of the additive on the processing of the bitumen comprising the wax mixture according to the invention dynamic viscosities of the bitumen compositions were measured using a parallel plate viscometer with plate diameter 25 mm and 1 mm plate distance at different processing temperatures (see table 3).

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Viscosities of bitumen compositions at different processing temperatures. Viscosity at 120 C., Viscosity at 135 C., Viscosity at 160 C., at shear rate 50 Pa at shear rate 30 Pa at shear rate 10 Pa [mPa s] [mPa s] [mPa s] 70/100 bitumen 1260 550 190 70/100 + 1.5% Sasobit 980 450 160 70/100 + 1.5% wax mixture A 960 455 165

[0092] From the results it can be seen that the bitumen composition according to the invention can be processed with reasonable viscosities at much lower temperatures than the standard, unmodified bitumen. The wax mixture A has nearly the same viscosity reducing impact on bitumen as the state of the art Sasobit though it has much lower impact on the stiffness of soft bitumen grades (see table 2).

Example 2

[0093] A bitumen with grade 50/70 (unmodified) according to DIN EN 12591 was mixed with 1.5 wt.-% of wax mixture A (see table 1). After laboratory ageing simulation applying RTFOT (Rotating Thin Film Oven Test, ASTM D2872) and PAV (Pressure Ageing Vessel, DIN EN 14769) the low temperature behavior of the bitumen was characterized by determining the m- an S-value limits applying the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) according to ASTM D6648 and comparing it to a bitumen of the same grade without wax (see table 4). RTFOT is performed in the laboratory for simulating the bitumen ageing during asphalt mix production and PAV ageing is performed for simulating the bitumen ageing during the service life of asphalt pavements. The m- and S-value limits are parameters for the stiffness that must not be exceeded. According to ASTM D6373/ASTM D7673 the BBR test was run at different temperatures in order to determine the temperature at which the stiffness limit is reached.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Low temperature stiffness properties of bitumen grade 50/70 after RTFOT and PAV ageing. 50/70 + 1.5% Parameter [unit] 50/70 bitumen wax mixture A BBR m-value limit 13.8 13.9 temperature [ C.] BBR S-value limit 17.1 17.6 temperature [ C.]

[0094] It was found that the wax mixture A according to this invention does not change the low temperature stiffness of the bitumen, considering the precision of the test method. Lower stiffness limit temperatures after ageing are desired for good performance and durability of asphalt pavements at cold climates.

Example 3

[0095] The same bitumen grade 50/70 as in example 2 as well as the bitumen with 1.5 wt.-% of the wax mixture A were used to prepare asphalt concrete mix AC 11 DS according to TL StB 07/13. Both asphalt mixes were compacted at 145 C. and the fracture temperature was examined with the TSRST (Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test) according to DIN EN 12697-46 to obtain information on the low temperature performance of the asphalt (see table 5). During TSRST an asphalt specimen is kept at constant length while cooling it down with 10 C./h until the thermally induced shrinking forces crack the specimen.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 TSRST fracture temperature of AC 11 DS. 50/70 + 1.5% Parameter [unit] 50/70 bitumen wax mixture A Fracture temperature 20.4 20.9 [ C.]

[0096] The results show that also the low temperature behavior of asphalt is not influenced by the wax mixture A, considering the precision of the test method.

Example 4

[0097] A polymer modified bitumen (PmB) grade 25/55-55 was mixed with 1.5 wt.-% of wax mixture A and the elastic recovery thereof was measured according to DIN EN 13398 and compared to a PmB without wax (see table 6). Polymer modified bitumen grades are in use for asphalt pavements with enhanced performance and durability. The specifications according to TL Bitumen-StB 07/13 for elastomer containing polymer modified bitumen grades (PmB A) require minimum elastic recovery.

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Elastic recovery test results. PmB 25/55-55 + 1.5% Parameter [unit] PmB 25/55-55 wax mixture A Elastic recovery at 72 75 25 C. [%]

[0098] Generally Fischer-Tropsch wax according to the prior art (Sasobit) reduces the elastic recovery of PmB. It was found that the wax mixture according to the invention does not reduce the elastic recovery of the elastomer modified bitumen.

Example 5

[0099] A bitumen with grade 70/100 (unmodified) according to DIN EN 12591 was mixed with 1.5 wt.-% of wax mixture A relative to neat binder and 30 wt.-% RAP-content to obtain a resulting binder of 50/70 quality and fresh aggregate and filler to produce an asphalt base layer mix AC 32 T S according to TL Asphalt-StB 07/13. The amount of wax mixture A in the resulting binder was 1.05 wt.-%. For comparison the same bitumen and RAP were used to produce the AC 32 T S asphalt mix without adding the wax mixture (reference). The bituminous binders were extracted from both asphalt mixes according to DIN EN 12697 and the properties were determined as in example 1 and are displayed in table 7. The physical properties of the resulting bituminous binder with 1.05 wt.-% of the wax mixture A were nearly the same as the properties of the bitumen without the wax, showing that the wax mixture has also no negative impact on the physical properties of harder bitumen grades.

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Bitumen properties after extraction from AC 32 T S asphalt mix. Aged bitumen Resulting bitumen without Resulting bitumen with Parameter [unit] Fresh bitumen 70/100 in RAP added wax (reference) 1.05% wax mixture A Penetration (25 C.) [0.1 mm] 91 21 43 42 Softening point Ring & Ball [ C.] 45.4 68.6 55 57

[0100] Further the compaction resistance of the asphalt mixes produced with the bitumen composition of table 3 were measured with the Marshall compaction method according to TP Asphalt-StB Teil 10 B (see table 8).

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Marshall compaction resistance of asphalts obtained from bitumen compositions of table 7. 0% 1.5% Parameter [unit] Additive Wax mixture A Compaction resistance 29.1 25.8 Marshall @ 135 C. []

[0101] It was found that the bitumen composition according to the invention decreases the compaction resistance and therefore increases the processability of the asphalt made therefrom.

Example 6

[0102] Bitumen samples extracted from various recycled asphalt pavements having the physical properties as given in table 10 were modified with 1.5 wt.-% of wax mixtures B consisting of 50 wt.-% PSW2 and 50 wt.-% FTW2 and wax mixture C consisting of 30 wt.-% PSW2 and 70 wt.-% FTW2 (see table 9).

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Properties of wax mixture B, wax mixture C and petroleum slack wax (PSW) and Fischer Tropsch wax (FTW) used in these wax mixtures. Penetration @ Viscosity @ Congealing 25 C. 100 C. point [ C.] [1/10 mm] [mm.sup.2/s] n-alkane Oil-content ASTM D 938 ASTM D 1321 ASTM D 7042-11 content * ASTM D 7211-06 Wax mixture B (50% PSW2/50% FTW2) 75.5 27 6.9 Wax mixture C (30% PSW2/70% FTW2) 79 19 7.9 PSW2 (Prowax 750 from ExxonMobil) 54.0 78 8.0 FTW2 (Sasolwax C80) 80 6 9.4 81.0 1.0

[0103] The properties of the bitumen samples were determined by measuring needle penetration according to DIN EN 1426 and the softening point (ring & ball) according to DIN EN 1427. The results in table 10 show that wax mixtures B and C in bitumen compositions according to the invention have no negative impact on the physical properties of very hard bitumen grades.

TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Bitumen properties. 0% Wax added 1.5% Wax mixture B 1.5% Wax mixture C 1.5% FTW2 Parameter [unit] (100% bitumen) (98.5% bitumen) (98.5% bitumen) (98.5% bitumen) Penetration at 25 C. [0.1 mm] 19.0 19.0 19.0 18 Softening point Ring & Ball [ C.] 67.6 71.8 72.2 80.4

Example 7

[0104] A bitumen with grade 50/70 according to DIN EN 12591 was mixed with 1.5 wt.-% of hydrocarbon wax mixture A, aggregate and filler to produce an asphalt wearing course mix AC 11 D S. This asphalt mix was compacted using a segmented roller compactor according to DIN EN 12697-33. During compaction the same method as in the Marshall compaction (TP Asphalt StB Teil 10 B) was applied to determine the compaction resistance of the asphalt mix. The results (see table 11) showed that the hydrocarbon wax mixture A reduced the compaction resistance.

TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Compaction resistance of asphalt mixes at different compaction temperatures produced with the bitumen compositions according to the invention. 0% 1.5% Parameter [unit] Additive Wax mixture A Compaction resistance at 95 C. 53 Nm 48 Nm Compaction resistance at 145 C. 38.5 Nm 36.5 Nm

Example 8

[0105] As asphalt ages, the stiffness of the bitumen increases. The complex shear modulus G*, measured with a Dynamic Shear Rheometer according to DIN EN 14770, is a characteristic value to evaluate the stiffness of bitumen.

[0106] In order to describe the ageing behavior of the bitumen, G* had to be determined for different ageing stages. Ageing indices were then calculated, i.e. G* after ageing divided by G* before ageing. The smaller the ageing index, the higher the anti-ageing impact.

[0107] Bitumen from a AC 16 B S binder course asphalt mix according to TL Asphalt-StB 07/13 with 20 wt.-% RAP was extracted and aged according to DIN EN 14769 (PAVPressure Ageing Vessel). The grade of the originally used bitumen was a 25/55-55. G* was measured after extraction and after PAV ageing of the extracted bitumen, and the ageing indices were calculated. This was done for two variantswith and without modification with wax mixture A. The following table 12 shows the results of the ageing indices at different test temperatures.

TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Ageing indices of bituminous binders extracted from asphalt mixes AC 16 B S after PAV ageing. Ageing index G*PAV/G* at 5 C. at 10 C. at 15 C. at 20 C. at 25 C. at 30 C. without wax 1.529 1.549 1.649 1.894 2.098 2.154 with 1.2 wt.-% 1.126 1.150 1.203 1.387 1.529 1.682 wax mixture A

[0108] The results show that the ageing indices for the variant with the wax mixture A are lower than those for the variant without the additive. The wax mixture therefore has an anti-ageing impact on the bitumen.

Example 9

[0109] The onset temperature of the crystallization of the wax mixture A in bitumen 50/70 was measured applying differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique according to ASTM D4419-90. Above the crystallization onset temperature the wax mixture reduces the viscosity of the bitumen composition and thereby improves the processability and compactibility of asphalt mixes made with the bitumen composition.

[0110] The results (see table 13) show that the wax mixture A provides improved asphalt compaction down to 57 C. whereas the prior art Fischer-Tropsch wax Sasobit provides this effect only above 90 C.

TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Wax crystallization onset temperatures of 3% wax mixture A and 3% Sasobit in bitumen 50/70 measured by DSC at 2 K/min cooling rate. Bitumen 50/70 + Bitumen 50/70 + Parameter [unit] 3% wax mixture A 3% Sasobit Wax crystallization 57 90 onset [ C.]

Example 10

[0111] An asphalt mix was produced using 60% reclaimed asphalt pavement in the binder course mix ACbin16 and 50% reclaimed asphalt pavement in the wearing course mix ACsurf 11 according to the Czech regulations. The fresh part of the mix comprised bitumen grade 50/70 with 2.5 wt.-% wax mixture A. This resulted in 1.25 wt.-% wax mixture A in the bitumen of the binder course and 1.0 wt.-% wax mixture A in the bitumen of the binder course of the final asphalt mixes. The asphalt mixes left the mixing plant at 150 C. As the ambient temperature was low (November in central Europe), the asphalt mix had cooled down to 130 C. when paved at the construction site. Despite this low paving temperature the laying and roller compaction was possible without problems and the required minimum degree of compaction was exceeded. The compaction degree was measured using a Troxler nuclear gauge (table 14). Nuclear density gauges are a frequently used tool in road paving for fast and non-destructive measurement of the density of the asphalt layers at the construction site. A nuclear radiation source emits a cloud of particles which interact with the asphalt. Radiation that is scattered back to a detector is counted. The denser the asphalt, the higher the probability the radiation will be redirected towards the sensor. A calibration factor is used to correlate the count to the actual density and compaction degree.

TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 Measured in-place compaction degrees in paved asphalt. Reclaimed Resulting asphalt content of Average Specified content wax mixture A compaction compaction Asphalt mix [%] [%] * degree [%] degree [%] ACsurf11 50 1.25 99.2 >97 ACbin16 60 1.0 99.1 >97 * in relation to total amount of bitumen

Example 11

[0112] An asphalt concrete wearing course mix AC 11 DS according to the German regulations TL Asphalt-StB 07/13 was produced. The mix contained 20% reclaimed asphalt and the fresh part was made with polymer modified bitumen PmB 25/55-55 according to the German regulation TL Bitumen-StB 07/13. One part of the asphalt mix contained 1.5 wt.-% wax mixture A related to the resulting total amount of bitumen, the other part of the mix did not contain wax and served as reference for the state of the art asphalt. Both asphalt mixes were paved at ambient air temperatures of 8-13 C. and at strong wind. The compaction degree was measured using a Troxler nuclear gauge after the paver and after each of three roller passes. At the same time the temperature of the asphalt was measured. The regulations ZTV Asphalt-StB 07/13 require a minimum compaction degree of 98% for the paved asphalt layer. The measured compaction degrees (table 15) show that the asphalt which contains wax mixture A was easier to compact and reached the specified minimum compaction degree of 98% already after one roller pass. The reference asphalt mix required two roller passes.

TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Compaction degrees and temperatures during paving AC 11 DS asphalt mix. AC 11 DS with 1.5% wax mixture A AC 11 DS related to bitumen without wax Degree of compaction [%] Time of measurement (Asphalt temperature) After paver 88.6 (145 C.) 88.7 (126 C.) After 1 roller pass 98 (122 C.) 96.0 (118 C.) After 2 roller passes 99.1 (90 C.) 98.7 (99 C.) After 3 roller passes 100.0 (87 C.) 99.7 (84 C.)