CURTAIN WALL AND SET AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD FOR SUCH A CURTAIN WALL
20200318346 ยท 2020-10-08
Assignee
- Claeys; Stephanie Catharina R. (Zandhoven, BE)
- Claeys; Laurens Leonard J. (Zandhoven, BE)
- Claeys; Nausikaa Els P. (Zandhoven, BE)
Inventors
Cpc classification
E04B2/90
FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
E04D2003/0837
FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
E04B2/967
FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
International classification
Abstract
The curtain wall includes mullion profiles, transom profiles and one or more panels, where the mullion profiles extend vertically, where the transom profiles each are attached to two mullion profiles and extend horizontally, where the mullion profiles are provided with a groove on each side for receiving the side edge of a panel. The grooves have an access opening, where the access opening has a first fixed dimension or width in a horizontal direction, where the transom profiles have a second dimension in a horizontal direction and at right angles to the profile direction of the transom profiles, where the second dimension is larger than the first dimension, where the transom profiles have a third dimension in a non-horizontal direction at right angles to the profile direction, where the third dimension is smaller than the first dimension.
Claims
1.-19. (canceled)
20. A curtain wall comprising mullion profiles, transom profiles and one or more panels, wherein the mullion profiles extend vertically, wherein the transom profiles each are attached to two mullion profiles and extend horizontally, wherein the mullion profiles are provided with a groove on each side for receiving the side edge of a panel, wherein the grooves have an access opening, wherein the access opening has a first fixed dimension or width in a horizontal direction, wherein the transom profiles have a second dimension in a horizontal direction and at right angles to the profile direction of the transom profiles, wherein the second dimension is larger than the first dimension, wherein the transom profiles have a third dimension in a non-horizontal direction at right angles to the profile direction, wherein the third dimension is smaller than the first dimension, wherein the transom profiles are provided with an undercut groove extending in the profile direction and a rod inserted in the undercut groove, wherein the mullion profiles are provided with a second groove for receiving an end of said rod projecting beyond the undercut groove, thereby blocking a rotational movement of the transom profiles.
21. The curtain wall of claim 20, wherein one or more walls of the grooves are provided with a recess in which a section of the transom profiles is located, wherein the transom profiles are vertically supported by a bottom edge of said recess.
22. The curtain wall of claim 20, wherein the transom profiles are Z-profiles, with a first vertical leg directing upward and located on the inside of the transom profile, a second vertical leg directing downwards and located on the outside of the transom profile and a horizontal intermediate section between the first leg and the second leg.
23. The curtain wall of claim 22, wherein the undercut groove with the rod is provided on the inside of the second leg.
24. The curtain wall of claim 21, wherein two opposite walls of the grooves are provided with a said recess wherein the first leg is located in a first of said recesses and the second leg is located in a second of the recesses.
25. The curtain wall of claim 20, wherein pre-assembled sealing pieces are slid close-fittingly on the ends of the transom profiles, each sealing piece set sealingly in an aforementioned undercut groove of two opposing mullions and thus forming a seal between the ends of the transom profiles and the corresponding mullion profiles.
26. The curtain wall of claim 25, wherein the sealing pieces are provided with an elastically deformable hollow chamber to facilitate the placement of the sealing pieces.
27. The curtain wall of claim 25, wherein the sealing pieces are slid onto and/or into the transom profiles.
28. The curtain wall of claim 24, wherein at least one of the sealing pieces of each transom profile is slidable on the respective end of the transom profile in the profile direction of the transom profile in order to accommodate small movements.
29. The curtain wall of claim 24, wherein the sealing pieces comprise a flat end wall perpendicular to the profile direction of the transom profiles, wherein the end wall is completely closed in the profile direction of the transom profiles and rests against the bottom of a groove of a mullion profile.
30. The curtain wall of claim 20, wherein the mullion profiles and the transom profiles are composite profiles, each of which is composed of two or more sub-profiles, wherein the sub-profiles are not necessarily made of the same material.
31. The curtain wall of claim 20, wherein said grooves have a different depth on the different sides of the mullion profiles.
32. A set for building a curtain wall, the set comprising two or more mullion profiles and two or more transom profiles, wherein the mullion profiles have an outer side, an inner side and two sides, wherein the mullion profiles are provided on each side with a groove for receiving the side edge of a panel, wherein the grooves have an access opening, wherein the access opening has a horizontal first dimension, wherein the transom profiles have a horizontal second dimension perpendicular to the profile direction of the transom profiles, wherein the second dimension is larger than the first dimension, wherein the transom profiles have a third maximum dimension in a non-horizontal direction at right angles to the profile direction, wherein the third dimension is smaller than the first dimension, wherein the transom profiles are provided with an undercut groove with a rod inserted in the undercut groove and wherein the mullion sections are provided with a second groove for receiving an end of the above-mentioned rod projecting out from the groove, thereby blocking a rotational movement of the transom profiles.
33. The set of claim 32, wherein one or more walls are provided with a recess for receiving a part of the transom profiles, wherein the transom profiles, when mounted, are vertically supported by a bottom edge of said recess.
34. The set of claim 32, wherein the transom profiles are Z-profiles, with a first vertical leg directing upwards when mounted and located on the inside of the transom profile, a second vertical leg which directs downwardly when mounted and is located on the outside of the transom profile, and an intermediate section that, when installed, is mounted horizontally between the first leg and the second leg.
35. The set of claim 32, wherein the set also comprises a tool having a head and a lever attached to the head, wherein the shape of the head is complementary to the shape of the transom profile so that the head can be fitted to the transom profile.
36. A method of constructing a curtain wall of claim 20, in which mullion profiles are placed vertically, in which a transom profile is subsequently placed horizontally between two adjacent mullion profiles, wherein this transom profile is placed by sequencing the following steps: Step A) the transom profile is held in the vertical plane defined by the mullion profiles in a non-horizontal orientation and rotated relative to the desired end orientation of the transom profile on an axis parallel to the profile direction of the transom profile; Step B) the transom profile is brought to a horizontal orientation in the vertical plane defined by the mullion profiles; Step C) the transom profile is rotated to the desired end orientation on said axis while the transom profile remains in a horizontal orientation; Step D) blocking the rotation of the transom profile around said axis by shifting a rod in the undercut groove of the transom profile into a second groove of a mullion profile.
37. The method of claim 36, wherein a tool is used in step C with a head and a lever attached to the head, wherein the shape of the head is complementary to the shape of the transom profile, wherein the head is fitted to the transom profile in step C and in which a rotational force is applied to the transom profile via the lever.
38. The method of claim 36, wherein it is a method of constructing a curtain wall comprising mullion profiles, transom profiles and one or more panels, wherein the mullion profiles extend vertically, wherein the transom profiles each are attached to two mullion profiles and extend horizontally, wherein the mullion profiles are provided with a groove on each side for receiving the side edge of a panel, wherein the grooves have an access opening, wherein the access opening has a first fixed dimension or width in a horizontal direction, wherein the transom profiles have a second dimension in a horizontal direction and at right angles to the profile direction of the transom profiles, wherein the second dimension is larger than the first dimension, wherein the transom profiles have a third dimension in a non-horizontal direction at right angles to the profile direction, wherein the third dimension is smaller than the first dimension, wherein the transom profiles are provided with an undercut groove extending in the profile direction and a rod inserted in the undercut groove, wherein the mullion profiles are provided with a second groove for receiving an end of said rod projecting beyond the undercut groove, thereby blocking a rotational movement of the transom profiles.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0075] With the intention of better showing the characteristics of the invention, a preferred configuration according to the present invention is described hereinafter by way of an example, without any limiting nature, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0088] The curtain wall 1 shown in
[0089] The mullions 2 are formed by mullion profiles 5 with a width B1 of 56 mm. The mullion profiles 5 are shown separately in a cross-sectional view in
[0090] The vertical mullion profiles 5 consist of four sub-profiles, namely an aluminium tubular sub-profile 6 on the inside, an aluminium sub-profile 7 on the outside and two plastic insulation profiles 8. These four sub-profiles 6, 7, 8 are assembled into a monolithic entity by means of rolling, i.e. mechanical deformation of lips on the aluminium sub-profiles 6, 7 to clamp the plastic profiles 8.
[0091] The mullion profiles 5 have a lateral undercut groove on both sides, namely a deep lateral groove 9 on one side, in
[0092] Both grooves 9 and 10 serve as a rabbet 11 for the side edges of the panels 4. The access opening 12 of the lateral grooves 9, 10 has a horizontal dimension, which is 54 mm wide. The maximum horizontal dimension A2 of the lateral grooves 9, 10 is approximately 76 mm.
[0093] The sub-profiles 6, 7 and 8 of the mullion profiles 5 are inseparably connected to each other, which means that they cannot be uncoupled from each other without causing irreversible damage. This means that the grooves 9 and 10 cannot be opened without damage and thus that the width A1 of the access opening 12 is a fixed size. At the bottom 9 and 10 of the two lateral grooves 9, 10 a narrow second groove 13 is provided.
[0094] The transoms 3 are mainly formed by transom profiles 14 onto which an aluminium glazing beads 15 are attached to the outside of the curtain wall 1. The transom profiles 14 are shown separately in a cross-sectional view in
[0095] The transom profiles 14 are Z-shaped profiles, having a first vertical leg 16 on the inside, a second vertical leg 17 on the outside and a section 18 between both legs 16, 17.
[0096] The transom profiles 14 have a total height H1 of 56 mm and a horizontal dimension A3 of 64 mm.
[0097] It is important to note that in a slanting direction, deviating approximately 60 from the horizontal direction, the transom profiles 14 have a much smaller dimension A4 of about 34 mm as shown in
[0098] The transom profiles 14 consist of three sub-profiles, namely an aluminium inner sub-profile 19, a portion of which forms the first leg 16, an aluminium outer sub-profile 20, a portion of which forms the second leg 17 and a plastic insulation profile 22. These three sub-profiles 19, 20, 22 are firmly attached to each other by means of rolling, i.e. mechanical deformation of lips on the aluminium sub-profiles 19, 20 in order to clamp the plastic profiles 22.
[0099] The inner and outer section profiles 19, 20 are each provided with an internal chamber 23.
[0100] As illustrated in
[0101] As is particularly apparent from
[0102] The transom profiles 14 are attached to the mullion profiles 5 because parts of the transom profiles 14, and more specifically the first and second legs 16, 17, rest in the recesses 25 shown in
[0103] At the ends of the transom profiles 14, sealing pieces 28, 29 are provided that are made of rubber with a Shore hardness of 75. These sealing pieces 28, 29 fit exactly into the lateral grooves 9, 10 of the mullion profiles 5 and seal these grooves 9, 10 off in the vertical direction to prevent possible infiltration water coming into grooves 9 and 10 and constitute as such a vertical barrier, so that the water cannot possibly pass through to an underlying modulethe so-called waterfall principle or cascade drain, but possible infiltrated water is individually drained from each panel (or facade plane) separately.
[0104] The transom profiles 14 are preferably equipped to drain this water to the outside of the curtain wall 1, with the upper side of the transom profile 14 slanting downwards to the outside of the curtain wall 1, for example.
[0105] The raised leg 16 on the inside of the curtain wall prevents water from infiltrating to the inside.
[0106] Details of these sealing pieces 28, 29 and the manner in which they are attached to the transom profiles 14 will be addressed later. These sealing pieces 28 and 29 are shown in
[0107] In order to secure the attachment of the transom profiles 14 to the mullion profiles 5, the transom profiles 14 on the inside of the second leg 17 are provided with an undercut groove 30. At one or both ends of this undercut groove 30 is a rod, in this example an aluminium slat 32 mounted in the groove 30 so that it can be slid in the groove. When mounted, the slat 32 extends beyond the undercut groove 30 with a protruding end, said end is fitted in a second groove 13 of the mullion profiles 5 and acts as a lock.
[0108] Due to the fact that the groove 30 and the slat 32 are located on the inside of the outer vertical leg 17 of a transom profile 14, the transom profile 14, in its end position, can be locked from the inside during the construction of the curtain wall 1 by sliding slat 32 from a groove 30 into a groove 13 of a mullion profile 5.
[0109] The side edges 33 of the glass panels 4 are secured in the lateral grooves 9, 10 of the mullion profiles 5 by being fitted between the outer profile 7 of the mullion profiles 5 and the vertical glazing beads 34 on the inside of curtain wall 1. In this setup, rubber gaskets are placed between the outer profile 7 and the glass panels 4, and between the vertical glazing beads 34 and the glass panels.
[0110] Glazing beads are profiles made out of a rigid material and which serve with the aid of a gasket to accommodate the play between the thickness of the panels 4 and the width A1 of the rabbet 11 or rather: to accommodate the differences in thickness between thicker or thinner panels. These glazing beads have a width that has to be adjusted to the thickness of the panels that are to be installed.
[0111] The vertical glazing beads 34 are attached to the mullion profiles 5 by means of first attachment aids 36, used in two variants, namely a first variant 36A for use in the deep lateral groove 9 and a second variant 36B for use in the shallow lateral groove 10.
[0112] These first attachment aids 36 are PVC profiles with a profile length of approximately 3 cm. At a distance of approximately 60 cm, they are snapped onto the mullion profiles 5 and the vertical glazing beads 34 are in turn snapped onto the first attachment aids 36.
[0113] The glazing beads 15 protrude to a certain height above the section 18 of the transom profiles 14 and together with the upwardly directed leg 16 of the transom profiles 14, they form a rabbet 37 for the lower edge 39 of an upper glass panel 4.
[0114] The lower edge 39 of the glass panels 4 is supported by glass supports 40 that are attached to the first leg 16 of the transom profiles 14, near the mullion profiles 5, as shown in
[0115] The lower edge 39 of the glass panels 4 is fitted between the glazing beads 15 on the outside of the curtain wall 1 and a horizontal glazing bead 42 on the inside. There are rubber gaskets 35 inserted between the glazing beads 15 and the glass panels 4 and between the horizontal glazing beads 42 and the glass panels 4, as shown in
[0116] The horizontal glazing beads 42 are attached to the transom profile 14 by means of second attachment aids on the inside of the curtain wall 1 as shown in
[0117] These second attachment aids 43 are PVC profiles with a profile length of approximately 3 cm. They are attached to the transom profiles 14 at intervals of about 60 cm and the horizontal glazing beads 42 are snapped onto the second attachment aids 43.
[0118] The upper edge 44 of the glass panels 4 is fitted between the glazing beads 15 on the outside of the curtain wall 1 and another horizontal glazing bead 45 on the inside which is provided with a rubber gasket 35 and which is snapped directly onto the transom profile 14.
[0119] It is noted that in some figures parts have been omitted to make other parts more visible. This is especially true of
[0120] The manufacture and construction of the curtain wall 1 as described above is as follows.
[0121] First, the mullion profiles 5 and transom profiles 14 are prepared. At the positions where the transom profiles 14 are to be connected to the mullion profiles, the mullion profiles are provided with recesses 25, especially in the walls 26 defining the access opening 12 of the lateral grooves 9, 10. This is shown by means of shading in
[0122] The transom profiles 14 are also prepared. At their ends, a part of the transom profile 14 is milled for a length of about 11 mm. Shading indicates this part in
[0123] These steps are normally, but not necessarily, automated and performed in a specialized workshop before the profiles 5,14 are transported to the location where the curtain wall 1 is to be built.
[0124] Next, the required glass supports 40 and second attachment aids 43 are provided in a groove routed for this purpose in the first leg 16.
[0125] Subsequently, sealing pieces 28, 29 are slid on the ends. These are shown in
[0126] The pre-assembled sealing pieces 28, 29 attached to the transoms both have an upper surface 46 formed from planes slanting to a lowest point 47 away from the bottom 9 or 10, respectively of the grooves 9 and 10 in which the sealing pieces 28, 29 are fitted. Also, both sealing pieces 28, 29 have a recess 48 for receiving the ends of the transom profiles 14 with two ridges 49 with corresponding positions and formats relative to the chambers 23 in the transom profiles 14.
[0127] These recesses 48 do not fully extend through the sealing pieces 28, 29. The walls 51 perpendicular to the transom profiles 14, i.e. the rear walls in
[0128] In top view, the sealing pieces 28, 29 are sized to fit precisely in the lateral grooves 9, 10.
[0129] Both sealing pieces 28, 29 are also provided with air chambers 50, wherein at the position of the air chambers 50, the outer wall is relatively thin so that the air chambers 50 are deformable.
[0130] The sealing pieces 28 according to the first variant are fixed permanently onto the transom profiles 14, for example by means of glue. The sealing pieces 29 of the second variant are slid onto the transom profiles 14 and are not secured further onto the transom profiles 14.
[0131] Then a previously mentioned aluminium slat 32 is fitted into the undercut groove 30 of the second leg 17 at both ends of the transom profiles 14.
[0132] Next, the mullion profiles 5 are mounted in their desired position.
[0133] Hereafter, the transom profiles 14, in an orientation in which they are rotated about 60 on their longitudinal axis and in which they are not horizontal, are held in the plane defined by the mullion profiles 14, as shown in
[0134] The transom profiles 14 are now brought to a horizontal orientation, as indicated by arrow P, with the ends being inserted into the lateral grooves 9, 10 of the mullion profiles 5. Due to the direction of rotation of the transom profiles 14, rotated around their profile direction, these ends easily fit in the access openings 12 of these lateral grooves 9, 10.
[0135] Then the transom profiles 14 are moved downwardly until they are in their desired position, i.e. at the recesses 25 in the mullion profiles 5. Then the transom profiles 14 are rotated as indicated by arrow Q. The situation as shown in
[0136] The transom profiles 14 need to be rotated even further, starting from the situation as shown in
[0137] The sealing pieces 28, 29, more specifically their air chambers 50, deform considerably during this operation, but resume their original shape when the transom profile 14 is in its final orientation. The sealing pieces 28, 29 hereby completely close the lateral grooves 9, 10 in the vertical direction.
[0138] Next, the glazing beads 15 are attached with the gaskets 35 to the sub-profile 20 of the transom profiles 14 on the outside of the curtain wall. This can easily be done from the inside of the curtain wall using the clips 21.
[0139] The glass supports 40 are pushed into their desired place, i.e. about 20 mm from the mullion profiles 5, and second attachment aids 43 are shifted until they are spread out over the length of the transom profiles 14, and the first attachment aids 36 for the vertical glazing beads 34 are snapped into their place as shown schematically in
[0140] The glazing beads are already provided with rubber gaskets 35 and neoprene blocks 55 are glued onto the glass supports 46, as shown in
[0141] The slats 32 in the undercut grooves are pushed outwardly until they slide with an end into the second groove 13. They are then fixed in that position, for example with a little glue or by a screw. The transom profiles 14 can now no longer separate from the mullion profiles 5.
[0142] The construction can now be provided with glass panels 4.
[0143] First, a wooden block 56 with a recess 57 for the first leg 16 is temporarily placed over the first leg 16. On top of this a glass panel 4 is placed in a slanted orientation. This is illustrated in
[0144] Next, the other side edge 33 is shuffled along the opposite mullion section 5 as indicated by arrow S. To this end, the depth D1 of the groove 9 must be sufficient to shuffle the glass panel 4 sufficiently deep into this groove 9 with a pivotal movement of the glass panel 4 towards the shallow groove 10 and to then shuffle the glass panel 4 to the right, so that the glass panel 4 fits with both side edges 33 about 10 mm into a groove 9 or 10.
[0145] Then the glass panel 4 is centered so that it fits approximately 10 mm into both lateral grooves 9, 10 and then it is lowered onto the neoprene blocks 55. The wooden block 56 can now be removed.
[0146] Next, the horizontal and vertical glazing beads 34, 42, and their gaskets 35 can be applied. The glazing beads 34, 42, 45 can simply be snapped into place along the inside of the curtain wall 1. At the upper horizontal glazing bead 45, this is done directly onto the transom profile 14. The lower horizontal glazing bead 42 is snapped onto the second attachment aids 43 and through this onto the transom profile 14. The vertical glazing beads 34 are snapped onto the first attachment aids 36 and through this onto the mullion profile 4.
[0147] Now the final curtain wall 1, as shown in
[0148] It is noted that, outside of the parts where the glass supports 40 are attached and located just next to the mullion profiles 5, the transom profiles 14 have no bearing function for the glass panels 4.
[0149] If water reaches the horizontal gaskets 35 on the outside, this water is diverted to the outside through the drainage openings 24 into the glazing beads 15 as shown in
[0150] If wind or other causes engender slight deformations of the curtain wall 1, the transom profiles 14 can slide a few millimetres into the sealing pieces 29 according to the second variant, which causes less stress to the curtain wall 1. Movements and deformation can also be absorbed by rubber sealing pieces 28 and 29 without jeopardizing the waterproofness of the curtain wall 1.
[0151] Although the construction method described above is done from the inside, it is also possible from the outside, although an installation from the inside usually has advantages.
[0152] The present invention is by no means limited to the embodiment described as an example and shown in the drawings, but a curtain wall according to the invention can be realized in all kinds of variants, without departing from the scope of the invention, as defined by the claims.