Insecticidal active mixtures comprising carboxamide compound

Abstract

The present invention relates to pesticidal mixtures comprising as active compound I an insecticidal active carboxamide derivative and at least one active compound II selected from a group M comprising acteylcholine esterase inhibitors, GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, sodium channel modulators, nicotinic acteylcholine receptor agonists/antagonists, allosteric nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activators, chloride channel activators, juvenile hormone mimics, homopteran feeding blockers, mit grow inhibitors, inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, uncouplers of the oxidative phosphorylation, inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis, moulting disruptors, ecdyson receptor agonists, octamin receptor agonists, inhibitors of the MET, voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, inhibitors of the lipid synthesis, ryanodine receptor modulators and other compounds as defined in the description, in synergistically effective amounts. The invention relates further to methods and use of these mixtures for combating and controlling insects, arachnids or nematodes in and on plants, and for protecting such plants being infested with pests, especially also for protecting plant proparagation material, such as seeds.

Claims

1. A pesticidal mixture comprising as active compounds 1) at least one pesticidal active carboxamide compound I of formula (I): ##STR00002## or a salt thereof and 2) at least one pesticidal active compound II selected from the group consisting of bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and tefluthrin in synergistically effective amounts, wherein the active compound I of formula I and the active compound II are present in a weight ratio of from 20:1 to 1:100.

2. The pesticidal mixture of claim 1, wherein at least one active compound II is bifenthrin.

3. The pesticidal mixture of claim 1, wherein at least one active compound II is lambda-cyhalothrin.

4. The pesticidal mixture of claim 1, wherein at least one active compound II is tefluthrin.

5. A method for protecting plants from attack or infestation by insects comprising contacting the plant, or the soil or water in which the plant is growing, with the mixture of claim 1 in pesticidally effective amounts.

6. A method for controlling insects comprising contacting an insect or their food supply, habitat, breeding grounds or their locus with the mixture of claim 1 in pesticidally effective amounts.

7. A method for protection of plant propagation material comprising contacting the plant propagation material with the mixture of claim 1 in pesticidally effective amounts.

8. A seed treated with the mixture of claim 1 in an amount of from 0.1 g to 100 kg per 100 kg of seeds.

9. A pesticidal composition comprising a liquid or solid carrier and the mixture of claim 1.

10. The pesticidal mixture of claim 1, wherein the compound I and the compound II are present in a weight ratio of 5:1 to 1:100.

11. The pesticidal mixture of claim 10, wherein at least one active compound II is bifenthrin.

12. The pesticidal mixture of claim 10, wherein at least one active compound II is lambda-cyhalothrin.

13. The pesticidal mixture of claim 10, wherein at least one active compound II is tefluthrin.

14. A method for protecting plants from attack or infestation by insects comprising contacting the plant, or the soil or water in which the plant is growing, with the mixture of claim 10 in pesticidally effective amounts.

15. A method for controlling insects comprising contacting an insect or their food supply, habitat, breeding grounds or their locus with the mixture of claim 10 in pesticidally effective amounts.

16. A method for protection of plant propagation material comprising contacting the plant propagation material with the mixture of claim 10 in pesticidally effective amounts.

17. A seed treated with the mixture of claim 10 in an amount of from 0.1 g to 100 kg per 100 kg of seeds.

18. The pesticidal mixture of claim 1, wherein the compound I and the compound II are present in a weight ratio of 20:1 to 1:50.

Description

EXAMPLES

(1) B. Biology

(2) Synergism can be described as an interaction where the combined effect of two or more compounds is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each of the compounds. The presence of a synergistic effect in terms of percent control, between two mixing partners (X and Y) can be calculated using the Colby equation (Colby, S. R., 1967, Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses in Herbicide Combinations, Weeds, 15, 20-22):

(3) $E=X+Y-\frac{\mathrm{XY}}{100}$

(4) When the observed combined control effect is greater than the expected combined control effect (E), then the combined effect is synergistic.

(5) The following tests demonstrate the control efficacy of compounds, mixtures or compositions of this invention on specific pests. However, the pest control protection afforded by the compounds, mixtures or compositions is not limited to these species. In certain instances, combinations of a compound of this invention with other invertebrate pest control compounds or agents are found to exhibit synergistic effects against certain important invertebrate pests.

(6) The analysis of synergism or antagonism between the mixtures or compositions was determined using Colby's equation.

Biological Examples of the Invention

(7) Test B.1 Control of Vetch Aphid (Megoura viciae)

(8) For evaluating control of vetch aphid (Megoura viciae) through contact or systemic means the test unit consisted of 24-well-microtiter plates containing broad bean leaf disks.

(9) The compounds or mixtures were formulated using a solution containing 75% (v/v) water and 25% (v/v) DMSO. Different concentrations of formulated compounds or mixtures were sprayed onto the leaf disks at 2.5 l, using a custom built micro atomizer, at two replications.

(10) For the experimental mixtures in this test identical volumes of both mixing partners at the desired concentrations respectively, were mixed together.

(11) After application, the leaf disks were air-dried and 5-8 adult aphids placed on the leaf disks inside the microtiter plate wells. The aphids were then allowed to suck on the treated leaf disks and incubated at 231 C., 505% RH for 5 days.

(12) Aphid mortality and fecundity was then visually assessed. The results are listed in table B.1.

(13) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE B.1 Results Vetch Aphid ppm Average Control % Test B.1.1. carboxamide compound of formula I 0.5 0 Teflubenzuron 2 0 Teflubenzuron + 2 + 0.5 100* carboxamide compound of formula I Test B.1.2. carboxamide compound of formula I 0.02 0 Bilobalid 25 0 Bilobalid + 25 + 0.02 75* carboxamide compound of formula I *synergistic control effect according to Colby's equation

(14) Test B.2 Control of Boll Weevil (Anthonomus grandis)

(15) For evaluating control of boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) the test unit consisted of 24-well-microtiter plates containing an insect diet and 20-30 A. grandis eggs.

(16) The compounds or mixtures were formulated using a solution containing 75% (v/v) water and 25% (v/v) DMSO. Different concentrations of formulated compounds or mixtures were sprayed onto the insect diet at 20 l, using a custom built micro atomizer, at two replications.

(17) For the experimental mixtures in this test identical volumes of both mixing partners at the desired concentrations respectively, were mixed together.

(18) After application, microtiter plates were incubated at 231 C., 505% RH for 5 days.

(19) Egg and larval mortality was then visually assessed. The results are listed in table B.2.

(20) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE B.2. Results Boll Weevil ppm Average (Control %) carboxamide compound of formula I 0.5 0 Imidacloprid 10 0 Imidacloprid + 10 + 0.5 75* carboxamide compound of formula I *synergistic control effect according to Colby's equation

(21) Test B.3 Control of Yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegyptii)

(22) Test Principle: Curative Ultrasonic Spraying of Larvae in Liquid Diet

(23) For evaluating control of yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) the test unit consisted of 96-well-microtiter plates containing 200 l of tap water per well and 5-15 freshly hatched A. aegypti larvae.

(24) The compounds or mixtures were formulated using a solution containing 75% (v/v) water and 25% (v/v) DMSO. Different concentrations of formulated compounds or mixtures were sprayed onto the insect diet at 2.5 l, using a custom built micro atomizer, at two replications.

(25) For the experimental mixtures in this test identical volumes of both mixing partners at the desired concentrations respectively, were mixed together.

(26) After application, microtiter plates were incubated at 281 C., 805% RH for 2 days.

(27) Larval mortality was then visually assessed. The results are listed in table B.3.

(28) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE B.3 Results: Yellow Fever Mosquito ppm Average Control % carboxamide compound of formula I 0 + 0.5 0 Bifenthrin 40 + 0.sup. 0 Bifenthrin + 40 + 0.5 100* carboxamide compound of formula I *synergistic control effect according to Colby's equation

(29) Test B.4 Control of Tobacco Budworm (Heliothis virescens)

(30) For evaluating control of tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) the test unit consisted of 96-well-microtiter plates containing an insect diet and 15-25 H. virescens eggs.

(31) The compounds or mixtures were formulated using a solution containing 75% (v/v) water and 25% (v/v) DMSO. Different concentrations of formulated compounds or mixtures were sprayed onto the insect diet at 10 l, using a custom built micro atomizer, at two replications.

(32) For the experimental mixtures in this test identical volumes of both mixing partners at the desired concentrations respectively, were mixed together.

(33) After application, microtiter plates were incubated at 281 C., 805% RH for 5 days. Egg and larval mortality was then visually assessed. The results are listed in table B.4.

(34) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE B.4 Results Tobacco budworm ppm Average Control % Test B.6.1.: carboxamide compound of formula I 0.1 0 Teflubenzuron 50 0 Teflubenzuron + 50 + 0.1 50* carboxamide compound of formula I Test B.6.2: carboxamide compound of formula I 0.5 50 Imidacloprid 0.4 0 Imidacloprid + 0.4 + 0.5 100* carboxamide compound of formula I *synergistic control effect according to Colby's equation

(35) Test B.5 Control of Mediterranean Fruitfly (Ceratitis capitata)

(36) For evaluating control of Mediterranean fruitfly (Ceratitis capitata) the test unit consisted of 96-well-microtiter plates containing an insect diet and 50-80 C. capitata eggs.

(37) The compounds and respective mixtures were formulated using a solution containing 75% (v/v) water and 25% (v/v) DMSO. Different concentrations of formulated compounds and mixtures were sprayed onto the insect diet at 5 l, using a custom built micro atomizer, at two replications.

(38) For the experimental mixtures in this test identical volumes of both mixing partners at the desired concentrations respectively, were mixed together.

(39) After application, microtiter plates were incubated at 281 C., 805% RH for 5 days. Egg and larval mortality was then visually assessed. The results are listed in table B.5.

(40) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE B.5 Results Mediterranean fruitfly ppm Average (Control %) carboxamide compound of formula I 0 0 Imidacloprid 10 25 Imidacloprid + 10 + 0.1 75* carboxamide compound of formula I *synergistic control effect according to Colby's equation

(41) Test B.6 Control of Southern Green Stink Bug (Nezara viridula)

(42) The compounds and respective mixtures were formulated using a solution containing 50:50 water:acetone with 0.01 wt % Kinetic. Whole Green Beans were rinsed in a 1% bleach solution, triple rinsed with DI water, and allowed to air dry at least 30 minutes in the fume hood. They were dipped in treatment solutions for approximately 5 seconds and allowed to air dry for another 30 minutes in the fume hood. For maximum exposure, Southern Green Stink Bugs (SGSB, 4th instar) were dipped in treatment solution for approximately 3 seconds and allowed to air dry in a cup lined with filter paper and closed with a vented lid for approximately 10 minutes in the fume hood. Three beans were placed in cups with a dry filter paper in the bottom and a portion cup with a cotton wick for water (=assay arena), and were infested with 4 SGSB per cup. Each treatment was replicated 3-fold (1 replicate=3 beans with 4 SGSB). The assays arenas were held at 27 C. and 45% room humidity. Data were recorded after 5 days as number of insects alive and dead. Nezara viridula mortality (%) was calculated as: [(pre-treatment countpost treatment count)/pre-treatment count]100. The results are listed in table B.6.

(43) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE B.6 Results Average Control % Nezara viridula ppm [observed mortality] Test B.8.1.: carboxamide compound of formula I 10 88 Bilobalid 5 19 Bilobalid + 5 + 10 100 carboxamide compound of formula I Test B.8.2: carboxamide compound of formula I 1 13 carboxamide compound of formula I 10 88 Ginkolide A 5 13 Ginkolide A + 5 + 10 94 carboxamide compound of formula I Ginkolide A + 5 + 1 44 carboxamide compound of formula I

(44) The following tests may further demonstrate the control efficacy of compounds, mixtures or compositions of this invention on specific pests:

(45) Test BP.1 Control of Green Peach Aphid (Myzus persicae)

(46) For evaluating control of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) through systemic means the test unit consists of 96-well-microtiter plates containing liquid artificial diet under an artificial membrane.

(47) The compounds or mixtures are formulated using a solution containing 75% v/v water and 25% v/v DMSO. Different concentrations of formulated compounds or mixtures are pipetted into the aphid diet, using a custom built pipetter, at two replications.

(48) For experimental mixtures in these tests identical volumes of both mixing partners at the desired concentrations respectively, are mixed together.

(49) After application, 5-8 adult aphids are placed on the artificial membrane inside the microtiter plate wells. The aphids are then allowed to suck on the treated aphid diet and incubated at about 231 C. and about 505% RH for 3 days. Aphid mortality and fecundity is then visually assessed.

(50) Test BP.2 Control of Caenorhabditis elegans

(51) Test Principle: Curative Ultrasonic Spraying of Nematodes in Liquid Diet

(52) For evaluating control of Caenorhabditis elegans the test unit consists of microtiter plates (MTP), wherein each well is filled with 0.18 ml of a C. Elegans suspension containing 60 to 100 individuals of C. elegans at mixed life stages in a liquid diet.

(53) The compounds are formulated at desired concentration using a solution containing 75% v/v water and 25% v/v DMSO. Different concentrations of formulated compounds are applied at 5 l by ultrasonic spraying onto the liquid diet, at two replications.

(54) After application, the treated microtiterplates are incubated in a climatized test chamber at temperature of about 18+/1 C. and 70+/5% RH in the dark.

(55) Assessment is made 4 days after treatment (DAT) using as criterion movement of nematodes. Valid assessment values are at level 0, 50 and 100, wherein 100 indicates no movement, 50 indicates few movement and 0 indicates moderate to high movement.