Device for measuring moments of a wind turbine, method for operating a wind turbine, and wind turbine

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for measuring moments of a wind turbine, comprising a carrier pin that can be fixedly connected to a bedplate of a nacelle of the wind turbine, which is arranged on a tower and can be adjusted with respect to yaw, a torque support of a gearbox of the wind turbine being mountable on the carrier pin via an elastomer body, and to a method for operating a wind turbine and the corresponding wind turbine. The carrier pin is provided with one or more sensors that are designed and arranged to detect strains and/or shears of the carrier pin, a signal processing and/or evaluation unit being provided, which is connected to the sensor(s) and which can determine, during operation of the wind turbine, from measurement signals of the sensors, pitch moments and/or yaw moments that act upon the torque support.

Claims

1. A device for measuring moments of a wind turbine, comprising: a carrier pin that is configured to be connected to a bedplate of a nacelle of the wind turbine, which is arranged on a tower and which can be adjusted in respect of yaw, a torque support of a gearbox of the wind turbine being mountable or mounted on the carrier pin, wherein the carrier pin is provided with one or more sensors that are designed and arranged to detect strains and/or shears of the carrier pin, and a signal processing and/or evaluation unit connected to the one or more sensors, wherein the signal processing and/or evaluation unit is designed to determine pitch moments and/or yaw moments that act upon the torque support from measurement signals of the one or more sensors measuring deflections and/or shears of the carrier pin during operation of the wind turbine, and wherein the one or more sensors comprise one or more strain gauges attached to the carrier pin.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the one or more strain gauges are aligned in a the longitudinal direction of the carrier pin for measuring deflections of the carrier pin, and/or the one or more strain gauges are aligned at an angle of 30 to 90, in relation to the longitudinal direction of the carrier pin for measuring shears of the carrier pin.

3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the one or more strain gauges include four strain gauges aligned in the longitudinal direction of the carrier pin and which are interconnected to form a bridge circuit, and/or the one or more strain gauges include four strain gauges aligned at an angle of 30 to 90 in relation to the longitudinal direction of the carrier pin and which are interconnected to form a second bridge circuit.

4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the carrier pin is passed through a bearing opening of the torque support and a first end portion and a second end portion of the carrier pin projects out of the bearing opening on opposing sides of the bearing opening, the one or more strain gauges being arranged symmetrically in relation to a central plane of the bearing opening on the two projecting end portions.

5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the one or more strain gauges are countersunk into one or more prefabricated groove-type recesses.

6. The device according to claim 5, wherein at least one cable routing of the one or more sensors on the carrier pin run in the one or more recesses and/or in one or more leadthroughs through the carrier pin.

7. The device according to claim 5, wherein a tube is inserted, as a cable leadthrough, in the one or more recesses, in a central part of the carrier pin that is not accessible when in an integrated state in the torque support of the gearbox.

8. The device according to claim 1, wherein the carrier pin, on at least one side, has a sensor bore in a longitudinal direction of the carrier pin, the device further comprising: a sensor rod arranged within the sensor bore, an external diameter of which is smaller than an internal diameter of the sensor bore, the sensor rod being fixed in an end portion of the sensor bore, at least one of the one or more sensors arranged at an outlet of the sensor bore, wherein the at least one of the one or more sensors is designed to determine deflections and/or deflection forces of an end of the sensor rod opposite to the fixed end of the sensor rod due to deflections or shears of the carrier pin.

9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the carrier pin, on at least one side, has a sensor bore in a longitudinal direction of the carrier pin, the device further comprising: a sensor rod arranged in the sensor bore, an external diameter of which is smaller than an internal diameter of the sensor bore, the sensor rod being detachably connected in an end portion of the sensor bore and at an outlet of the sensor bore, the sensor rod being provided with at least one of the one or more sensors.

10. A wind-turbine having at least one device according to claim 1 for measuring moments of the wind turbine, the wind turbine having a nacelle, arranged on a tower and adjustable in respect of yaw, having a rotor having a horizontal rotor axis, and having a drive train, which is driven or drivable by the rotor and which has a gearbox that is supported, via one or more torque supports, on a bedplate of the nacelle.

11. The wind turbine according to claim 10, wherein the at least one device includes two devices for measuring moments of the wind turbine, and wherein the gearbox is supported on the bedplate, on two opposite sides, by means of respectively a first torque support and a second torque support, the first torque support having one of the two devices and the second torque support having the other of the two devices, the two devices having a common signal processing and/or evaluation unit.

12. A method for operating a wind turbine having a device according to claim 1, comprising: a carrier pin that is configured to be connected to a bedplate of a nacelle of the wind turbine, which is arranged on a tower and which can be adjusted in respect of yaw, a torque support of a gearbox of the wind turbine being mountable or mounted on the carrier pin, wherein strains and shears of the carrier pin are measured by means of the one or more sensors on or in the carrier pin and, by means of the signal processing and/or evaluation unit that is connected to the one or more sensors, pitch moments and/or yaw moments that act upon the torque supports are determined, during operation of the wind turbine, from measurement signals of the one or more sensors of deflections and/or shears of the carrier pin.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the pitch moments and yaw moments determined from the measurement signals of the one or more sensors are fed into a control device for torque control of the wind turbine and/or for pitch control.

14. A device for measuring moments of a wind turbine, comprising: a carrier pin that is configured to be connected to a bedplate of a nacelle of the wind turbine, which is arranged on a tower and which can be adjusted in respect of yaw, a torque support of a gearbox of the wind turbine being mountable or mounted on the carrier pin, wherein the carrier pin is provided with one or more sensors that are designed and arranged to detect strains and/or shears of the carrier pin, wherein the carrier pin, on at least one side, has a sensor bore in a longitudinal direction of the carrier pin; a sensor rod arranged within the sensor bore, an external diameter of which is smaller than an internal diameter of the sensor bore, the sensor rod being releasably coupled, in an end portion of the sensor bore, the one or more sensors being arranged at an outlet of the sensor bore, which the one or more sensors is designed to determine deflections and/or deflection forces of an end of the sensor rod opposite to the releasably coupled end of the sensor rod due to deflections or shears of the carrier pin; and a signal processing and/or evaluation unit being provided, which is connected to the one or more sensors and which is designed to determine, during operation of the wind turbine, from measurement signals of the one or more sensors, deflections and/or shears of the carrier pin, pitch moments and/or yaw moments that act upon the torque support.

15. A device for measuring moments of a wind turbine, comprising: a carrier pin that is configured to be connected to a bedplate of a nacelle of the wind turbine, which is arranged on a tower and which can be adjusted in respect of yaw, a torque support of a gearbox of the wind turbine being mountable or mounted on the carrier pin, wherein the carrier pin is provided with one or more sensors that are designed and arranged to detect strains and/or shears of the carrier pin, wherein the carrier pin, on at least one side, has a sensor bore in a longitudinal direction of the carrier pin; a sensor rod arranged in the sensor bore, an external diameter of which is smaller than an internal diameter of the sensor bore, the sensor rod being releasably coupled in an end portion of the sensor bore and at an outlet of the sensor bore, the sensor rod being provided with the one or more sensors; and a signal processing and/or evaluation unit being provided, which is connected to the one or more sensors and which is designed to determine, during operation of the wind turbine, from measurement signals of the one or more sensors, deflections and/or shears of the carrier pin, pitch moments and/or yaw moments that act upon the torque support.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention is described in the following, without limitation of the general concept of the invention, on the basis of exemplary embodiments, with reference to the drawings, express reference being made to the drawings in respect of all details according to the invention that are not explained in greater detail in the text. There are shown:

(2) FIG. 1 a perspective representation of a known version of a bearing assembly of a torque support of a gearbox in the nacelle of a wind turbine,

(3) FIG. 2 an alternative embodiment, known from the prior art, of a torque support of a gearbox of a wind turbine.

(4) FIG. 3 a schematic, perspective representation of a part of a device according to the invention, in a first embodiment,

(5) FIG. 4 a detailed representation from the embodiment according to FIG. 3,

(6) FIG. 5 a schematic representation of a part of a device according to the invention, in a first version of a second embodiment,

(7) FIG. 6 a schematic representation of a part of a device according to the invention, in a second version of the second embodiment,

(8) FIG. 7 a schematic representation of a part of a device according to the invention, in a third version of the second embodiment, and

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(9) In the drawings, elements and/or parts that are the same or similar are in each case denoted by the same references, such that in each case they are not presented over again.

(10) FIG. 1 shows a perspective representation of a known version of a bearing assembly of a torque support 10 of a gearbox in the nacelle of a wind turbine having a substantially horizontal rotor axis. The torque support 10, the mirror-symmetrical counterpart of which, on the opposite side of the gearbox, not shown, is likewise not shown, has a bearing ring 12 having a bearing opening 14. This torque support is realized so as to constitute a single piece with the housing of the gearbox. Located in the bearing opening 14, concentrically from the outside inward, are a hollow-cylinder elastomer body 16 and, within the latter, a carrier pin 30. In the embodiment represented, the hollow-cylinder elastomer body 16 is composed of a concentric sequence of elastomer rings and cylindrical steel tube portions, which, being somewhat brighter, contrast with the darker elastomer.

(11) The carrier pin 30 is realized basically as a solid steel cylinder, the end portions of which that project out of the bearing opening 14, of which one end portion 34 is represented in FIG. 1, while the opposite end portion 36 is concealed by the bearing ring 12, are each machined and flattened on a top side and an underside. The original cylindrical shape is still identifiable at the sides of the carrier pin 30. Likewise identifiable is the full-cylinder shape also on the central part 32 of the carrier pin 30, which is located inside the elastomer body 16 in the bearing ring 12, and a small portion of which can be seen in FIG. 1. The carrier pin 30 is fitted with a large amount of force, together with the elastomer body 16, into the bearing opening 14 of the bearing ring 12. Such a carrier pin 30 typically has a length of approximately 100 cm, the projecting portions 34, 36 each projecting by approximately 30 cm. The complete diameter of the corresponding cylinder is, for example, approximately 25 to 30 cm.

(12) The fastening of the carrier pin 30 to the bedplate 20 that carries all components of the drive train of the wind turbine is effected by means of a spacer piece 22, the surface of which is fitted with bolsters 24, onto which the flattened underside of the projecting portion 34 of the carrier pin 30 is placed. A fastening block 25 is placed onto the flattened top side of the projecting portion 34. These parts have leadthrough bores, or leadthrough openings, not represented, for fastening bolts 29, which are fixed on the represented top side by means of washers 27, nuts 28 and possibly also inserted expansion sleeves 26, and are fixed to the bedplate 20 on the underside.

(13) Represented in FIG. 2 is an alternative, known form of a torque support 110 of a torque bearing 100 of a gearbox 8 of a wind turbine driven by a rotor shaft 6, which form differs from the embodiment represented in FIG. 1 in that, in this case, the carrier pin 130 is pressed directly into an eye (not visible) of the torque support 110, without an elastomer ring, while clamping frames 120 (whereas in FIG. 1, the carrier pin 130 is shown with no clamping frames 120), which are fixedly connected to the bedplate 20, are arranged in front of and behind the torque support 110 in the axial direction of the carrier pin 130. The carrier pin 130 is clamped, by means of hollow-cylinder elastomer bodies 116, into the clamping frames 120, which can be split upwardly. In this embodiment, an elastomer-based decoupling is effected with respect to the bedplate 20. With appropriate dimensioning of the elastomer rings, it is also possible to use elastomer rings both in the clamping frames 120 and in the eye of the torque support 110.

(14) In the exemplary embodiment of a torque bearing assembly shown in FIG. 2, the use of a sensor rod 62 according to FIG. 5 or FIG. 6, described below, is particularly appropriate, since the front faces of the carrier pins 130 are accessible.

(15) To determine pitch moment and torque, the two carrier pins 130 represented on the left and right of the gearbox 8 must preferably be equipped with sensors. Otherwise, the torque can be determined only computationally, using the power and rotational speed, or comparable quantities.

(16) Such a carrier pin, which in FIG. 1 is not yet fitted with sensors, is fitted according to the invention with sensors designed to measure deflections and/or shears of the carrier pin 30 caused by loads acting on the carrier pin 30. FIG. 3 is a schematic, perspective representation of a part of a device according to the invention in a first embodiment, in which the carrier pin 30 is provided with corresponding sensors in the form of strain gauges 46 to 49. The cylindrical central part 32 of the carrier pin 30 is fitted into the elastomer body 16. The torque support 10 has been omitted for reasons of clarity. Visible in both projecting portions 34, 36 are the bores 38 for the fastening bolts 29 shown in FIG. 1, and the preparation of the lateral faces of the projecting portions 34, 36 of the carrier pin 30 for receiving strain gauges 46 to 49, and the arrangement of these strain gauges 46 to 49. This preparation consists of groove-type recesses 40, which are symmetrically present on the represented lateral face and on the opposite, perspectively concealed, lateral face.

(17) Preferably, the groove-type recesses for the main loads of the pin, consisting of pitch moment and torque, are located close to the neutral plane, in order not to weaken the pin unnecessarily. For the yaw moment, they are thus located in the main load direction, but this is less than the combination of the pitch moment and torque, and is therefore not a dimensioning factor for the pin.

(18) The depth of these groove-type recesses 40 is preferably to be selected between a plurality of millimeters and approximately 3 cm, the strain gauges 46 to 49 preferably being able to be countersunk completely in the recesses 40. The groove-type recesses 40 extend through the middle portion.

(19) Also visible in FIG. 3 is a recess 42 for an amplifier unit 50 that is represented in the form of two dark component parts within the recess 42. This recess 42 also, like the groove-type recess 40, can preferably be closed by means of a metallic cover, and thus secured against electromagnetic pollution. On the end face of the projecting portion 34 there is a depression 52 for a plug connector or cable for connection to the amplifier unit 50, which is connected to the recess 42. One or more further bores may go through the carrier pin 30, transversely in relation to its longitudinal direction, and connect the represented groove-type recess 40 to a corresponding groove-type recess on the other side (not represented), in order to render possible a uniform cabling that is fully protected against electromagnetic pollution.

(20) Shown in FIG. 4 is a detail representation from the embodiment according to FIG. 3, which shows more detail than FIG. 3. It is shown schematically that an electrical or electronic connection to an evaluation unit 54 is realized via the countersinking 52 into the end face of the projecting portion 34. A bore 44, for a cable routing to the opposite side of the carrier pin 30, is represented in the groove-type recess 40. Strain gauges 46, 48 are shown close to the central part 32 of the carrier pin 30, which is in the hollow-cylinder elastomer body 16, the strain gauge 48 being arranged closer than the strain gauge 46 to the central plane of the carrier pin 30. Both strain gauges 46, 48 are located outside the elastomer body 16, but close to the part of the carrier pin 30 that is subjected to the greatest load and that undergoes the greatest deflection.

(21) The strain gauge 46 is aligned in the longitudinal direction of the carrier pin 30 and parallel to the alignment of the groove-type recess 40, and thus measures changes in length at this point on the basis of deflections of the strain gauge. The strain gauge 48 has a 45 transverse orientation in relation to the longitudinal extent of the carrier pin 30, and identifies shears of the carrier pin 30. The strain gauges 47 and 49 represented in FIG. 3 are again a longitudinally aligned strain gauge 47, at a position in relation to the central plane that is mirror-symmetrical in relation to the strain gauge 46, while the strain gauge 49 is again a strain gauge inclined by 45, which is arranged with mirror symmetry in relation to the strain gauge 48, and the orientation of which is likewise mirror-symmetrical in relation to the orientation of the strain gauge 48. The orientation of the strain gauge 49 is thus rotated by 90 relative to the orientation of the strain gauge 48. On the opposite, non-represented, side of the carrier pin 30 there is a similar constellation of longitudinally and transversely oriented strain gauges, such that the respectively four similar strain gauges can be interconnected to form a bridge circuit in the manner of a Wheatstone bridge.

(22) In the installation position shown, the strain gauges 46, 47 oriented in the longitudinal direction are thus suitable for detecting a force acting horizontally on the pin, i.e. a force that acts within the plane through the sensor and the pin longitudinal axis. In the installation position shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, this is the yaw moment of a wind turbine.

(23) In the installation position shown, the strain gauges 48, 49 oriented obliquely at 45 are suitable for detecting the force acting perpendicularly on the pin, i.e. a force that acts perpendicularly in relation to the plane through the sensor and the pin longitudinal axis. In the installation position shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, this is the pitch moment and the torque of a wind turbine. In order to distinguish whether a moment is a yaw moment or a pitch moment, the respective carrier pin must be equipped with measuring sensors on both sides of the gearbox.

(24) Also visible in FIG. 4 is a high-grade steel tube 45, which is let into the groove-type recess 40 at the location of the elastomer body 16 and which prevents pinching of cables in this portion. The high-grade steel tube 45 therefore allows subsequent cabling of the sensors or repair of the cabling.

(25) FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a part of a device according to the invention, in a first version of a second embodiment. A carrier pin 30, embodied as in FIG. 1 is represented in cross section on the left side. Shown on the right side is a top view of the carrier pin 30, from the side of the projecting portion 36.

(26) Shown instead of strain gauges is a sensor arrangement that has a sensor bore 60, through the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical carrier pin 30, which extends into the central part 32 of the carrier pin 30. The inner end of the sensor bore 60 has a fixing 64 for a sensor rod 62, which is fixed in the fixing 64 such that, in the event of deformations of the carrier pin 30, the sensor rod 62 assumes the orientation of the carrier pin 30 at the location of the fixing 64. Since the sensor rod 62 is narrower than the bore 60, the sensor rod 62 can move freely in the further course of the bore, and therefore at its free end undergoes a deflection, relative to the non-loaded, idle state of the carrier pin 30, that is manifested in an approach toward the inner wall of the sensor bore 60 in the region of the outlet of the sensor bore 60. The magnitude and direction of the deflection indicate the magnitude and direction of the exertion of force of the torque support 10 upon the carrier pin 30.

(27) Arranged at the end of the sensor bore 60 is a sensor 66 that senses this deflection, either geometrically or in the form of a deflection force exerted by the sensor rod upon the sensor 66. The sensor 66 may be realized either as a force sensor that contacts the sensor rod and picks up its deflection force and direction of deflection, or as a position sensor, which, by contact or contactlessly, determines the distance and direction of the deflection.

(28) For this purpose FIG. 6, in an alternative form, shows a schematic representation of a part of a device according to the invention, in a second version of the second embodiment. This version differs from the variant represented in FIG. 5 in the type of sensor, which is inserted, as a full plug-in, into the sensor bore 60 and contacts the sensor rod 62 within the sensor bore 60. It is thus possible, for example, for the sensor 60 itself to be screwed into the sensor bore 60 by means of an internal thread on the inner wall of the sensor bore 60 and an external thread on the outer envelope of the sensor 66, and to be fixedly attached there in such a manner.

(29) FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a part of a device according to the invention, in a third version of the second embodiment. The type of the sensor 66 again corresponds to that from FIG. 5. Unlike the variants from FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, however, the measuring bore 60 is not arranged in the projecting part 36, but in the central part 32 of the carrier pin 30. This has the advantage that the entire length of the sensor rod 62 is arranged in the part of the carrier pin 30 that bends the most, and thus undergoes a particularly pronounced deflection, which improves the measuring accuracy. This is achieved at the cost of a reduced accessibility of the measuring arrangement, as compared with the variant represented in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6.

(30) The measuring arrangement represented in FIG. 7 may also be equipped with a sensor 66 according to FIG. 6. In all exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, instead of only one measuring arrangement having a measuring bore 60 and a sensor 66, it is also possible to provide, for example, a symmetrical arrangement having two measuring arrangements, which extend into the central part 32 from both sides of the torque support 10.

(31) The sensor rods 62 shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 may themselves also be equipped with strain gauges that are arranged in the longitudinal direction and obliquely thereto, in order to measure deflections and shears of the sensor rod 62, which for this purpose is detachably fixed at both of its ends in the carrier pin 30, and to determine therefrom the various moments acting upon the wind turbine. Such a sensor rod 62, equipped with its own sensors, can also be replaced easily and rapidly, for example during servicing works, without the need to detach the torque support 10.

(32) All stated features, including the features given solely by the drawings and individual features that are disclosed in combination with other features, are considered to be essential for the invention, singly and in combination. Embodiments according to the invention may be fulfilled by individual features or a combination of a plurality of features. Features that are characterized by in particular or preferably are to be understood as optional features within the scope of the invention.

LIST OF REFERENCES

(33) 6 rotor shaft 8 gearbox 10 torque support 12 bearing ring 14 bearing opening 16 hollow-cylinder elastomer body 20 bedplate 22 distance piece 24 bolster 25 fastening block 26 expansion sleeve 27 washer 28 nut 29 fastening bolt 30 carrier pin 32 central part of the carrier pin 34, 36 projecting portion of the carrier pin 38 bore for fastening bolt 40 groove-type recess 42 recess for amplifier unit 44 bore for cable routing 45 high-grade steel tube 46, 47 strain gauge, elongate 48, 49 strain gauge, transverse 50 amplifier unit 52 countersinking for plug connector for connection to amplifier unit 54 evaluation unit 60 sensor bore 62 sensor rod 64 fixing 66 sensor 100 torque bearing 110 torque support 116 hollow-cylinder elastomer body 120 clamping frame 130 carrier pin