Fire and/or water resistant expansion and seismic joint system

Abstract

An expansion joint system includes a cover plate; a spline attached to the cover plate; and a core having a fire retardant material included therein in an amount effective to pass testing mandated by UL 2079. The spline depends from the cover plate and is configured to be positioned in a gap between substrates such that the cover plate overlies the gap. The core is compressible between a first face of the spline and one of the substrates and is compressible between a second face of the spline and the other of the substrates, and the expansion joint system is configured to facilitate compression of the core when installed between the substrates by repeatedly expanding and contracting to accommodate movement of the substrates; and the core with the fire retardant material included therein is configured to pass the testing mandated by UL 2079.

Claims

1. An expansion joint system, comprising: a cover plate; a spline attached to the cover plate; and a core having a fire retardant material permeated in the core by infusing the fire retardant material within the core, the core with the fire retardant material therein configured to have a compressed density effective to pass testing as provided by UL 2079; wherein the spline depends from the cover plate and is configured to be positioned in a gap between substrates such that the cover plate overlies the gap; wherein the core with the fire retardant material therein is compressible between a first face of the spline and one of the substrates and is compressible between a second face of the spline and the other of the substrates, and the expansion joint system is configured to facilitate compression of the core with the fire retardant material therein between the substrates by repeatedly expanding and contracting to accommodate movement of the substrates; and wherein the core with the fire retardant material therein is configured to withstand exposure to a temperature of about 540 C. at about five minutes.

2. The expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the core with the fire retardant material permeated in the core has a density when compressed in a range of about 160 kg/m.sup.3 to about 800 kg/m.sup.3.

3. The expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the fire retardant material permeated in the core is selected from the group consisting of water-based aluminum tri-hydrate, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, aluminum oxides, antimony oxides and hydroxides, iron compounds, ferrocene, molybdenum trioxide, nitrogen-based compounds, phosphorus based compounds, halogen based compounds, halogens, and combinations of the foregoing materials.

4. The expansion joint system of claim 1, further comprising a fire barrier sealant layer.

5. The expansion joint system of claim 1, further comprising a water resistant layer on the core.

6. The expansion joint system of claim 5, wherein the water resistant layer on the core is selected from the group consisting of a polysulfide, silicone, acrylic, polyurethane, poly-epoxide, silyl-terminated polyether, and combinations of one or more of the foregoing.

7. The expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the core with the fire retardant material permeated in the core has a density when uncompressed in a range of about 50 kg/m.sup.3 to about 250 kg/m3.

8. The expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 930 C. at about one hour.

9. The expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 1010 C. at about two hours.

10. The expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 1052 C. at about three hours.

11. The expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 1093 C. at about four hours.

12. The expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 1260 C. at about eight hours.

13. The expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the core comprises at least one of polyurethane foam, polyether foam, open cell foam, dense closed cell foam, cross-linked foam, neoprene foam rubber, urethane, ethyl vinyl acetate, silicone, cardboard, and a composite.

14. The expansion joint system of claim 1, further comprising a layer comprising the fire retardant material is disposed in the core, and the core is not coated with any fire retardant material on any outer surface of the core.

15. The expansion joint system of claim 1, further comprising a layer comprising the fire retardant material is disposed in the core.

16. The expansion joint system of claim 15, wherein the layer is oriented, with respect to a direction in which the joint extends in its width, in at least one of a parallel orientation, a perpendicular orientation, and a combination thereof.

17. The expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the fire retardant material is permeated throughout the core.

18. The expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the core is selected from the group consisting of foam, a paper based product, cardboard, metal, plastic, thermoplastic, and combinations thereof.

19. The expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the core is selected from the group consisting of a plurality of laminations and a solid block.

20. The expansion joint system of claim 1, further including at least one of an acrylic, a water-based acrylic chemistry, a wax, ultraviolet stabilizers, polymeric materials, and combinations thereof, disposed in the core.

21. The expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the spline is at least partially comprised of non-conductive material.

22. The expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the spline includes an upper portion and a lower portion, and the lower portion is comprised of non-conductive material.

23. The expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the spline extends vertically downward from the cover plate and into the core to a depth less than a full vertical depth of the core.

24. The expansion joint system of claim 23, wherein the core with the fire retardant material therein comprises a first portion, a second portion and a third portion, wherein the first portion is compressible between the first face of the spline and the one of the substrates, the second portion is compressible between the second face of the spline and the other of the substrates, and the third portion is disposed below the spline.

25. The expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the spline extends vertically downward from the cover plate and into the core to a depth at least to a full vertical depth of the core.

26. An expansion joint system, comprising: a cover plate; a spline attached to the cover plate; and a core having a fire retardant material included in the core, the core with the fire retardant material therein configured to have a compressed density effective to pass testing as provided by UL 2079; wherein the spline depends from the cover plate and is configured to be positioned in a gap between a first substrate and a second substrate such that the cover plate overlies the gap; wherein the core with the fire retardant material therein is compressible between a first face of the spline and the first substrate and is compressible between a second face of the spline and the second substrate, and the expansion joint system is configured to facilitate compression of the core with the fire retardant material therein between the first substrate and the second substrate by repeatedly expanding and contracting to accommodate movement of at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate; and wherein the core with the fire retardant material therein is configured to withstand exposure to a temperature of about 540 C. at about five minutes.

27. The expansion joint system of claim 26, wherein the core with the fire retardant material therein has an uncompressed density in a range of about 50 kg/m.sup.3 to about 250 kg/m.sup.3.

28. The expansion joint system of claim 26, wherein the core with the fire retardant material therein has a compressed density in a range of about 160 kg/m.sup.3 to about 800 kg/m.sup.3.

29. The expansion joint system of claim 26, further comprising a fire barrier sealant layer on the core.

30. The expansion joint system of claim 26, further comprising a water resistant layer on the core.

31. The expansion joint system of claim 26, wherein the water resistant layer on the core is selected from the group consisting of a polysulfide, silicone, acrylic, polyurethane, poly-epoxide, silyl-terminated polyether, and combinations of one or more of the foregoing.

32. The expansion joint system of claim 26, wherein the core is selected from the group consisting of foam, a paper based product, cardboard, metal, plastic, thermoplastic, and combinations thereof.

33. The expansion joint system of claim 26, wherein the core comprises at least one of polyurethane foam, polyether foam, open cell foam, dense closed cell foam, cross-linked foam, neoprene foam rubber, urethane, ethyl vinyl acetate, silicone, cardboard, and a composite.

34. The expansion joint system of claim 26, wherein the core is selected from the group consisting of a plurality of laminations and a solid block.

35. The expansion joint system of claim 26, wherein the fire retardant material introduced in the core is selected from the group consisting of water-based aluminum tri-hydrate, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, aluminum oxides, antimony oxides and hydroxides, iron compounds, ferrocene, molybdenum trioxide, nitrogen-based compounds, phosphorus based compounds, halogen based compounds, halogens, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine, and combinations of the foregoing materials.

36. The expansion joint system of claim 26, further comprising a layer comprising the fire retardant material is disposed in the core.

37. The expansion joint system of claim 36, wherein the layer is oriented, with respect to a direction in which the joint extends in its width, in at least one of a parallel orientation, a perpendicular orientation, and a combination thereof.

38. The expansion joint system of claim 26, wherein the system is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 930 C. at about one hour.

39. The expansion joint system of claim 26, wherein the system is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 1010 C. at about two hours.

40. The expansion joint system of claim 26, wherein the system is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 1052 C. at about three hours.

41. The expansion joint system of claim 26, wherein the system is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 1093 C. at about four hours.

42. The expansion joint system of claim 26, further including at least one of an acrylic, a water-based acrylic chemistry, a wax, ultraviolet stabilizers, polymeric materials, and combinations thereof, disposed in the core.

43. The expansion joint system of claim 26, wherein the spline is at least partially comprised of non-conductive material.

44. The expansion joint system of claim 26, wherein the spline extends vertically downward from the cover plate and into the core to a depth less than a full vertical depth of the core.

45. The expansion joint system of claim 44, wherein the core with the fire retardant material therein comprises a first portion, a second portion and a third portion, wherein the first portion is compressible between the first face of the spline and the first substrate, the second portion is compressible between the second face of the spline and the second substrate, and the third portion is disposed below the spline.

46. An expansion joint system, comprising: a cover plate; a spline attached to the cover plate; and a core having a fire retardant material introduced in the core by filling the core, the core with the fire retardant material therein configured to have a compressed density effective to pass testing as provided by UL 2079; wherein the spline depends from the cover plate and is configured to be positioned in a gap between a first substrate and a second substrate such that the cover plate overlies the gap; wherein the core with the fire retardant material therein is compressible between a first face of the spline and the first substrate and is compressible between a second face of the spline and the second substrate, and the expansion joint system is configured to facilitate compression of the core with the fire retardant material therein between the first substrate and the second substrate by repeatedly expanding and contracting to accommodate movement of at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate; and wherein the core with the fire retardant material therein is configured to withstand exposure to a temperature of about 540 C. at about five minutes.

47. The expansion joint system of claim 46, wherein the core with the fire retardant material therein has a compressed density in a range of about 160 kg/m.sup.3 to about 800 kg/m.sup.3.

48. The expansion joint system of claim 46, further comprising a fire barrier sealant layer on the core.

49. The expansion joint system of claim 46, further comprising a water resistant layer on the core.

50. The expansion joint system of claim 46, wherein the system is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 930 C. at about one hour.

51. The expansion joint system of claim 46, wherein the system is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 1093 C. at about four hours.

52. The expansion joint system of claim 46, further comprising a layer comprising the fire retardant material is disposed in the core.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a schematic view of one embodiment of an expansion joint system of the present invention illustrating a multiple piece vertical element or spline.

(2) FIG. 1A is a schematic view of another embodiment of an expansion joint system illustrating a one piece vertical element or spline.

(3) FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another embodiment of an expansion joint system of the present invention.

(4) FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another embodiment of an expansion joint system of the present invention.

(5) FIG. 4 is a schematic view of another embodiment of an expansion joint system of the present invention.

(6) FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another embodiment of an expansion joint system of the present invention.

(7) FIG. 6 is a schematic view of another embodiment of an expansion joint system of the present invention.

(8) FIG. 7 is a schematic view of another embodiment of an expansion joint system of the present invention.

(9) FIG. 8 is a schematic view of another embodiment of an expansion system of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(10) The expansion joint systems described herein can be understood by referring to the attached drawings and also to U.S. Pat. No. 6,532,708, which is incorporated by reference herein. One embodiment of an expansion joint system as described herein is installed between concrete substrates to define a concrete expansion joint system capable of accommodating movement of the concrete substrates due to thermal effects and/or seismic effects. The present invention is not limited in this regard, however, as the expansion joint system may be installed between substrates or surfaces other than concrete. Materials for such substrates or surfaces include, but are not limited to, glass, asphalt, stone (granite, marble, etc.), and the like. Furthermore, the expansion joint systems described herein are generally referred to as being horizontally oriented; however, the present invention is not limited in this regard, as the joint systems (with or without cover plates) can also be installed vertically.

(11) Referring to FIG. 1, one embodiment of an expansion joint system is shown at 10 and is hereinafter referred to as system 10. In system 10, a vertical element or spline 12 is located between horizontally-oriented concrete substrates 50, two substrates 50A and 50B being shown. The spline 12 can be positioned between concrete substrates 50 via the use of a cover plate 14 that is located over and spans a gap G between the concrete substrates 50 such that the spline extends substantially vertically into the gap G. Fasteners 18 are used secure the cover plate 14 to the spline 12.

(12) The spline 12 can comprise one or more pieces. In a one-piece or monolithic configuration, the spline 12 comprises a suitable material such as graphite or a plastic (e.g., polycarbonate, acrylic, polyvinyl chloride, or the like) or any other material. While in some instances it is preferable that the spline material is non-electrically conductive, the present invention is not limited in this regard, as a monolithic spline 12 could be, e.g., metal or an alloy of two or more metals.

(13) In a two-piece or multi-piece configuration, the spline 12 may comprise different materials that are suitable for the application at hand, and the materials may be metal and/or non-metal. For example, in an application where increased rigidity is desired, the spline 12 may be comprised of a first piece fabricated or formed from a metal and joined edge-to-edge with a second piece fabricated or formed from the non-conductive material. Metals that may be used for the spline 12 include, but are not limited to, aluminum, steel (e.g., stainless steel), and the like.

(14) In one embodiment of a two-piece spline 12, shown in FIG. 1, an upper portion 15 includes holes 16, channels, or similar structure to receive the fasteners 18. The upper portion 15 is an aluminum bar or rail having holes 16 located in an upper end in which the fasteners 18 are received. A lower end of the upper portion 15 includes a protrusion 19 that enables the upper portion to connect to a corresponding slot or the like in a lower portion 17 of the spline 12 in a dovetail-type fitting. The present invention is not limited in this regard, as the upper portion 15 can be connected to the lower portion 17 using any suitable means. The lower portion 17 is preferably fabricated of the non-conductive plastic or similar material. A channel is located in a bottom end of the lower portion, and an intumescent material 21 is located therein. The spline 12 is not limited to the use of metal upper portions 15 and non-conductive lower portions 17, as other materials are within the scope of the present invention.

(15) FIG. 1A illustrates a non-limiting embodiment of a one piece construction of the vertical element or spline 12 where the upper portion 15 of the spline 12 extends to a depth D, as measured from substantially a top surface of the core 22 including any coating(s) thereon and extending vertically downward. It is noted that FIG. 1A illustrates one non-limiting depth to which the spline 12 may extend and other depths are possible, according to embodiments. For instance, vertical element or spline 12 of FIG. 1A could extend all the way down to the lower edge 25 of core 22 including any coating(s) thereon. Non-limiting examples of suitable depths to which the spline 12 could extend, as measured from substantially the top surface 25A of the core 22 including any coating(s) thereon, to the lower edge 25 of core 22 including any coating(s) thereon (denoted by depth X) in FIG. 1A may be calculated as follows: D=0.25(X) (i.e., the suitable depth D of the vertical element or spline 12 extends 25% vertically down into the core 22 as measured from the top surface 25A including any coating(s) thereon), D=0.5(X), D=0.75(X), D=0.8(X), and so forth.

(16) Whether the spline 12 is monolithic or constructed of multiple pieces, core 22, including but not limited to, laminations of open celled polyurethane foam 22 (hereinafter may be referred to as foam 22 for ease of reference which is not meant to limit the core 22 to a foam material, but merely illustrate one exemplary material therefore) are arranged to form laminates 31, which are located on both sides of the spline 12 and are compressed in the gap G between the concrete substrates 50, according to embodiments. The present invention is not limited to the use of polyurethane foams, as other foams are within the scope of the present invention, and other non-foam materials also can be used for the core 22, as explained below. The individual laminations 31A are layers that extend parallel and in the direction in which the joint extends and along the length thereof and are constructed by infusing at least one, e.g., an inner lamination with an amount of fire retardant material 60. However, the structures of the present invention are also not limited in this regard as, e.g., the foam 22 and/or core 22 may comprise a block of non-laminated foam or other material of fixed size depending upon the desired joint size, a laminate comprising laminations oriented perpendicular to the direction in which the joint extends, or combinations of the foregoing.

(17) Thus, foam 22 merely illustrates one suitable material for the core 22. Accordingly, examples of materials for the core 22 include, but are not limited to, foam, e.g., polyurethane foam and/or polyether foam, and can be of an open cell or dense, closed cell construction. Further examples of materials for the core 22 include paper based products, cardboard, metal, plastics, thermoplastics, dense closed cell foam including polyurethane and polyether open or closed cell foam, cross-linked foam, neoprene foam rubber, urethane, ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), silicone, a core chemistry (e.g., foam chemistry) which inherently imparts hydrophobic and/or fire resistant characteristics to the core; and/or composites. Combinations of any of the foregoing materials or other suitable materials also can be employed. It is further noted that while foam 22 is primarily referred to herein for the core 22, the descriptions for foam 22 also apply to other materials for the core 22, as explained above.

(18) Because the amounts of foam 22 and/or core 22 that are located on either side of the spline 12 are substantially equal and subject to substantially the same environmental conditions, according to embodiments, the force of the compressed foam 22 and/or core 22 as it expands on one side of the spline 12 is substantially equal to the force of the compressed foam 22 and/or core 22 exerted on the other side of the spline, according to embodiments. Thus, once installed, the system 10 is generally in equilibrium, and the spline 12 is self-centering within the gap between the concrete substrates 50. The cover plate 14, which overlies the gap between the substrates 50 and generally completely covers the gap, is preferably centered with respect to the spline 12.

(19) The core 22 can be infused with a suitable material including, but not limited to, an acrylic, such as a water-based acrylic chemistry, a wax, a fire retardant material, ultraviolet (UV) stabilizers, and/or polymeric materials, combinations thereof, and so forth. A particularly suitable embodiment is a core 22 comprising an open celled foam infused with a water-based acrylic chemistry and/or a fire retardant material.

(20) The core 22 and/or at least one lamination of the foam 22/core 22 may be infused with a fire retardant material 60 to form the defined expansion joint. The amount of fire retardant material 60 infused into the core 22, including, e.g., the open celled foam embodiment is between 3.5:1 and 4:1 in ratio with the un-infused foam/core itself by weight, according to embodiments. The resultant uncompressed foam/core whether comprising a solid block or laminates, has a density of about 130 kg/m.sup.3 to about 150 kg/m.sup.3 and preferably about 140 kg/m.sup.3. Other suitable densities for the resultant core 22 include between about 50 kg/m.sup.3 and about 250 kg/m.sup.3, e.g., between about 100 kg/m.sup.3 and about 180 kg/m.sup.3, and which are capable of providing desired water resistance and/or water proofing characteristics to the structure.

(21) One type of fire retardant material 60 that may be used is water-based aluminum tri-hydrate (also known as aluminum tri-hydroxide (ATH)). The present invention is not limited in this regard, however, as other fire retardant materials may be used. Such materials include, but are not limited to, metal oxides and other metal hydroxides, aluminum oxides, antimony oxides and hydroxides, iron compounds, iron compounds such as ferrocene, molybdenum trioxide, nitrogen-based compounds, phosphorous based compounds, halogen based compounds, halogens, e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine, combinations of any of the foregoing materials, and other compounds capable of suppressing combustion and smoke formation.

(22) In the system 10, several laminations of the foam or other suitable material, the number depending on the desired size of the expansion joint, are compiled and then compressed. For example, the spline 12 is placed on an end surface of the compiled laminations, and several additional laminations are compiled and placed on the spline and compressed. The entire core/spline/core (e.g., foam/spline/foam) assembly is held at compression in a suitable fixture. Similarly, a core 22 comprising laminations of non-foam material or comprising a solid block of desired material may be compiled and then compressed and held at such compression in a suitable fixture. The fixture is at a width slightly greater than that which the expansion joint is anticipated to experience at the largest possible movement of the adjacent concrete surfaces. At this width, the infused foam laminate or core 22 is coated with a coating, such as a waterproof elastomer 24 at one surface (e.g., on the top side), according to embodiments. This waterproof elastomer may be a polysulfide, silicone, acrylic, polyurethane, poly-epoxide, silyl-terminated polyether, a formulation of one or more of the foregoing materials with or without other elastomeric components or similar suitable elastomeric coating or liquid sealant materials, or a mixture, blend, or other formulation of one or more of the foregoing. One preferred elastomer coating for application to a horizontal deck where vehicular traffic is expected is Pecora 301, which is a silicone pavement sealant available from Pecora Corporation of Harleysville, Pa. Another preferred elastomeric coating is Dow Corning 888, which is a silicone joint sealant available from Dow Corning Corporation of Midland, Mich. Both of the foregoing elastomers are traffic grade rated sealants. For vertically-oriented expansion joints, exemplary preferred elastomer coatings include Pecora 890, Dow Corning 790, and Dow Corning 795.

(23) Depending on the nature of the adhesive characteristics of the elastomer 24, a primer may be applied to the outer surfaces of the laminations of foam 22 and/or core 22 prior to the coating with the elastomer 24. Applying such a primer may facilitate the adhesion of the elastomer 24 to the foam 22 and/or core 22.

(24) The elastomer 24 is tooled to create a bellows profile (or a similar profile) such that the elastomeric material can be compressed in a uniform and aesthetic fashion while being maintained in a virtually tensionless environment.

(25) The surface of the laminate 31 and/or core 22 opposite the surface coated with the waterproofing elastomer 24 (the bottom side) is coated with an intumescent material 26, according to embodiments. One preferred intumescent material 26 is 3M CP25WB+, which is a fire barrier caulk. Both the coating of the elastomer 24 and the intumescent material 26 are cured in place on the foam 22 and/or core 22 while the infused foam lamination/core is held at the prescribed compressed width. After the elastomer 24 and the intumescent material 26 have been cured, the entire composite and spline assembly is removed from the fixture, optionally compressed to less than the nominal size of the material, and packaged for shipment to the job site. This first embodiment is suited to horizontal parking deck applications where waterproofing is desired on the top side and fire resistance is desired from beneath.

(26) In this system 10, a sealant band and/or corner bead 13 of the elastomer 24 can be applied on the side(s) of the interface between the foam laminate/core and the concrete substrate 50 to create a water tight seal. On the opposite side, a sealant band and/or corner bead 23 of the intumescent material 16 can be similarly applied to create a homogeneous intumescent face on the fire resistant side.

(27) Referring now to FIG. 2, an alternate expansion joint system 110 of the present invention includes two portions of core 22 and/or foam 22 disposed on either side of the spline 12. The spline 12 may be monolithic or constructed of multiple pieces. The core 22 and/or foam 22 has a first elastomer 24 coated on one surface (e.g., the top side) and the intumescent material 26 coated on an opposing surface (e.g., the bottom side). A second elastomer 25 is coated on the intumescent material 26 and provides a waterproofing function. In this manner, the system 110 is water resistant in both directions and fire resistant in one direction. The system 110 is used in applications that are similar to the applications in which the system 10 is used, but may be used where water is present on the underside of the expansion joint. Additionally, system 10 would be suitable for vertical expansion joints where waterproofing or water resistance is desirable in both directions while fire resistance is desired in only one direction. The second elastomer 25 may also serve to aesthetically integrate the system 110 with surrounding substrate material.

(28) Sealant bands and/or corner beads 122 of the first elastomer 24 can be applied to the sides as with the embodiment described above. On the opposite side, a band or bead of the intumescent material 26 can be applied between the concrete substrate 50 and the foam lamination/core with any excess being removed. Sealant bands and/or corner beads 124 can be applied on top of the second elastomer 25, thereby creating a water tight seal between the concrete substrate 50 and the intumescent material.

(29) Referring now to FIG. 3, another expansion joint system of the present invention is shown at 210. In system 210, the core 22 and/or foam 22 is located on either side of the spline 12, which may be monolithic or constructed of multiple pieces. The core 22 and/or foam 22 is similar to or the same as the above-described foam, but both exposed surfaces (the top and bottom sides) are coated first with the intumescent material 26 to define a first coating of the intumescent material on the top side and a second coating of the intumescent material 26 on the bottom side. The first coating of the intumescent material 26 is coated with a first elastomer material 224, and the second coating of the intumescent material 26 is coated with a second elastomer material 225. This system 210 can be used in the same environments as the above-described systems with the added benefit that it is both waterproof or at least water resistant and fire resistant in both directions through the joint. This makes it especially suitable for vertical joints in either interior or exterior applications.

(30) In system 210, sealant bands and/or corner beads of the intumescent material and sealant bands and/or corner beads 124 of the elastomer are applied in a similar fashion as described above and on both sides of the foam 22 and/or core 22. This creates homogeneous intumescent layers and a water tight elastomer layer above them on both sides of the foam 22 and/or core 22 (on the top side and the bottom side).

(31) Referring now to FIG. 4, another embodiment of the expansion joint system is shown at 310 and is hereinafter referred to as system 310. System 310 includes a spline 312 (similar to spline 5 of the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 6,532,708 (FIG. 4)), which is a monolithic element having an I-shaped cross section defined by a vertical member and two horizontally oriented flanges located at either end thereof. Spline 312 provides for both the cover plate anchor and the self-centering mechanism. The present invention is not limited in this regard, however, as the spline 312 may be constructed of multiple pieces. Flanges 305 on the upper end of the spline 312 enable the cover plate 314 to be located on the spline and secured thereto using any suitable fastener 18 (e.g., a screw). The vertical leg of the spline 312 extends into the gap between the concrete substrates 50, and the length thereof depends upon the joint dimensions and the size of the foam 22 and/or core 22 located on either side of the spline 312. The foam 22 and/or core 22 can be defined by any configuration of waterproofing elastomer, intumescent material, and beads as described above. Flanges 315 located on the bottom end of the spline 312 support the foam 22 and/or core 22 and facilitate the retaining of the foam/core in the gap.

(32) Referring now to FIG. 5, another embodiment of the expansion joint system is shown at 410 and is hereinafter referred to as system 410. System 410 compensates for irregularities in joint construction with regard to both horizontal and vertical joint parameters. In other words, the opposing sides of a joint may not be parallel or equidistant from each other. In such a case, the expansion of the foam 22 and/or core 22 incorporated into the joint on one side of the spline 412 may not reflect the same expansion characteristics of the foam on the other side of the spline due to irregularities in width of the gap and/or vertical/horizontal alignment of concrete substrates 50.

(33) In system 410, the spline 412 (which is similar to spline of the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 6,532,708 (FIG. 5) comprises two vertical elements positioned back-to-back, each including a top flange 405 and a bottom flange 415. The top flanges 405 are each connected to the cover plate 14 via fasteners 18. The bottom flanges 415 facilitate the support of the foam 22 against the respective vertical element of the spline 412 and the concrete substrate 50. Each top flange 405 can be individually tensioned to the cover plate 14 to allow the portions of foam 22 and/or core 22 on either side of the spline 412 to be adjusted independently so as to enable the foam to rest in the joint in the desired manner. Again, the foam 22 and/or core 22 can be defined by any configuration of waterproofing elastomer, intumescent material, and beads as described above.

(34) A system 510 as shown in FIG. 6 comprises a means to adjust the final position of the cover plate 14 relative to vertical elements of a spline 512 (which is similar to spline of the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 6,532,708 (FIG. 6)). The means to adjust the cover plate 14 is below the cover plate and comprises a bolt 519 or similar mechanism that extends laterally through both vertical elements of the spline 512 and also through vertical portions of angulated flanges 520 attached to upper ends of the spline. Horizontal portions of the angulated flanges 520 are in turn attached to the cover plate 14 using fasteners 18. The angulated portions 520 are adjustable relative to the vertical portions of the spline 512 by means of vertically-extending slots in the vertical portions and/or the angulated portions themselves, through which the bolt 519 extends, thus allowing each angulated portion to be adjusted and secured to accommodate the foam 22 and/or core 22 and the cover plate 14 to suitably retain the foam 22 and/or core 22. The foam 22 and/or core 22 is not shown in system 510, but it can be defined by any configuration of waterproofing elastomer, intumescent material, and beads as described above.

(35) Referring now to FIG. 7, shown therein is another expansion joint system 10 similar in some respects to the expansion joint system shown in FIG. 1A and described above. Accordingly, like reference numbers refer to like elements. In system 10 of FIG. 7, the core 22 is infused with a fire retardant material, as described above. As an example, the fire retardant material can form a sandwich type construction wherein the fire retardant material forms a layer 13, as shown in FIG. 7, between the material of the core 22. Thus, the layer 13 comprising a fire retardant can be located within the body of the core 22 as, e.g., an inner layer, or lamination infused with a higher ratio or density of fire retardant than the core 22. It is noted that the term infused with as used throughout the descriptions herein is meant to be broadly interpreted to refer to includes or including. Thus, for example, a core infused with a fire retardant covers a core including a fire retardant in any form and amount, such as a layer, and so forth. Accordingly, as used herein, the term infused with would also include, but not be limited to, more particular embodiments such as permeated or filled with and so forth.

(36) Moreover, it is noted that layer 13 is not limited to the exact location within the core 22 shown in FIG. 7 as the layer 13 may be included at various depths in the core 22 as desired. Moreover, it is further noted that this layer 13 may extend in any direction. For example, layer 13 may be oriented parallel to the direction in which the joint extends, perpendicular to the direction in which the joint extends or combinations of the foregoing. Layer 13 can function as a fire retardant barrier layer within the body of the core 22. Accordingly, layer 13 can comprise any suitable material providing, e.g., fire barrier properties. No coatings are shown on the outer surfaces of core 22 of FIG. 7.

(37) Accordingly, by tailoring the density as described above to achieve the desired water resistance and/or water proofing properties of the structure, combined with the infused fire retardant in layer 13 or infused within the core 22 in any other desired foam including a non-layered form, additional layers, e.g., an additional water and/or fire resistant layer on either surface or both outer surfaces of the core 22 are not necessary to achieve a dual functioning water and fire resistant expansion and seismic joint system, according to embodiments.

(38) It is noted, however, that additional layers could be employed if desired in the embodiment of FIG. 7, as well as in the other embodiments disclosed herein, and in any suitable combination and order. For example, the layering described above with respect to any/all of FIGS. 1-6 could be employed in the embodiment of FIG. 7 and/or FIG. 8 described below.

(39) As a further example, FIG. 8 illustrates therein another system 10 comprising the layer 13 comprising a fire retardant within the body of the core 22 as described above with respect to FIG. 7, and also comprising an additional coating 17 on a surface of the core 22. Coating 17 can comprise any suitable coating, such as the elastomer 24 described above, a fire barrier material including an intumescent material described above or other suitable fire barrier material, e.g., a sealant, a fabric, a blanket, a foil, a tape, e.g., an intumescent tape, a mesh, a glass, e.g., fiberglass; and combinations thereof.

(40) Moreover, embodiments include various combinations of layering and fire retardant infusion (in layer and non-layer form) to achieve, e.g., a dual functional water and fire resistant expansion and seismic joint systems described herein. For example, FIG. 8, illustrates coating 17 on one surface of the core 22 and a dual coating 18 on the opposite surface of the core 22. The dual coating 18 can comprise, e.g., an inner layer of elastomer 24, as described above, with an outer layer of a fire barrier material including, e.g., an intumescent material. Similarly, the layers of dual coating 18 can be reversed to comprise an inner layer of fire barrier material, and an outer layer of elastomer 24.

(41) Alternatively, only one layer may be present on either surface of core 22, such as one layer of a fire barrier material, e.g., sealant, on a surface of the core 22, which is infused with a fire retardant material in layer 13 or infused in a non-layer form. Still further, other combinations of suitable layering include, e.g., dual coating 18 on both surfaces of the core 22 and in any combination of inner and outer layers, as described above.

(42) It is additionally noted that the embodiments shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 can be similarly constructed, as described above with respect to, e.g., FIGS. 1-3, modified as appropriate for inclusion/deletion of various layering and so forth. Thus, for example, as described above, while a bellows constructions is illustrated by some of the figures set forth herein, the embodiments described herein are not limited to such a profile as other suitable profiles may be employed, such as straight, curved, and so forth.

(43) Accordingly, as further evident from the foregoing, embodiments of the dual functioning water and fire resistant expansion and seismic joint systems can comprise various ordering and layering of materials on the outer surface of the core 22. Similarly, a fire retardant material can be infused into the core 22 in various forms to crate, e.g., a layered sandwich type construction with use of layer 13.

(44) Similarly, the variations described above can apply to both the afore-described one-piece, as well as multiple piece spline 12.

(45) In each of the embodiments described herein, the infused foam laminate and/or core 22 may be constructed in a manner such that the density of fire retardant is consistent in the foam 22 and/or core 22 regardless of the final size of the product, according to embodiments. The starting density of the infused foam/core is approximately 140 kg/m.sup.3, according to embodiments. Other densities includes between about 80 kg/m.sup.3 and about 180 kg/m.sup.3. After compression, the infused foam/core density is in the range of about 160-800 kg/m.sup.3, according to embodiments. After installation the laminate and/or core 22 will typically cycle between densities of approximately 750 kg/m.sup.3 at the smallest size of the expansion joint to approximately 360-450 kg/m.sup.3, e.g., approximately 400-450 kg/m.sup.3 (or less) at the maximum size of the joint. A density of 400-450 kg/m.sup.3 was determined through experimentation, as a reasonable value which still affords adequate fire retardant capacity, such that the resultant foam can pass the UL 2079 test program. The present invention is not limited to cycling in the foregoing ranges, however, and the foam/core may attain densities outside of the herein-described ranges.

(46) In expansion joint systems employing any of the systems as described herein, installation is accomplished by adhering the foam laminate and/or core 22 to the concrete substrate 50 using an adhesive such as epoxy, according to embodiments. The epoxy or other adhesive is applied to the faces of the expansion joint prior to removing the core/spline/core (e.g., foam/spline/foam) assembly from the packaging thereof (such packaging may comprise restraining elements, straps, ties, bands, shrink wrap plastic, or the like). Once the packaging has been removed, the foam laminate and/or core 22 will begin to expand, and it should be inserted into the joint in the desired orientation. Once the foam lamination and/or core 22 has expanded to suit the expansion joint, it will become locked in by the combination of the foam 22 and/or core 22 back pressure and the adhesive. If a cover plate is installed, the cover plate can further facilitate the retention of the foam lamination in place in the joint.

(47) In vertical expansion joint systems employing any of the systems as described herein, an adhesive may be pre-applied to the core/spline/core (e.g., foam/spline/foam) assembly. In this case, for installation, the assembled foam laminate/core and spline with the pre-applied adhesive is removed from the packaging and inserted into the space between the concrete surfaces to be joined where it is allowed to expand to meet the concrete substrate. Once this is done, the adhesive in combination with the back pressure of the foam 22 and/or core 22 will hold the foam 22 and/or core 22 in position. The cover plate can then be attached to the spline 12.

(48) To fill an entire expansion joint, the installation as described above is repeated as needed. To join the end of one foam laminate and/or core 22 to the end of another in either the horizontal configuration or the vertical configuration, a technique similar to that used with the sealant band and/or corner beads can be employed. After inserting one section of a system (joint) and adhering it securely to the concrete substrate, the next section is readied by placing it in proximity to the first section. A band or bead of the intumescent material and the elastomer material is applied on the end of the foam laminate in the appropriate locations. The next section is removed from the packaging and allowed to expand in close proximity to the previously installed section. When the expansion has taken place and the section is beginning to adhere to the substrates (joint faces), the section is firmly seated against the previously installed section. The outside faces are then tooled to create an aesthetically pleasing seamless interface.

(49) The above mentioned installation procedure is simple, rapid, and has no invasive elements which impinge upon or penetrate the concrete (or other) substrates. This avoids many of the long term problems associated with invasive anchoring of screws into expansion joint faces.

(50) Thus, according to embodiments, disclosed is an expansion joint system. The system comprises: a cover plate; a spline attached to the cover plate; and a core having a fire retardant material included therein in an amount effective to pass testing mandated by UL 2079. The spline depends from the cover plate and is configured to be positioned in a gap between substrates such that the cover plate overlies the gap. The core is compressible between a first face of the spline and one of the substrates and is compressible between a second face of the spline and the other of the substrates, and the expansion joint system is configured to facilitate compression of the core when installed between the substrates by repeatedly expanding and contracting to accommodate movement of the substrates; and the core with the fire retardant material included therein is configured to pass the testing mandated by UL 2079. According to aspects of the invention, i) the core with the fire retardant material included therein has a density when compressed in a range of about 160 kg/m.sup.3 to about 800 kg/m.sup.3; and/or ii) the fire retardant material included in the core is selected from the group consisting of water-based aluminum tri-hydrate, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, aluminum oxides, antimony oxides and hydroxides, iron compounds, ferrocene, molybdenum trioxide, nitrogen-based compounds, phosphorus based compounds, halogen based compounds, halogens, and combinations of the foregoing materials; and/or iii) comprises a fire barrier sealant layer; and/or iv) comprises a water resistant layer on the core; and/or v) wherein the core with the fire retardant material included therein has a density when uncompressed in a range of about 50 kg/m.sup.3 to about 250 kg/m.sup.3; and/or vi) the system is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 540 C. at about five minutes; and/or vii) the system is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 930 C. at about one hour; and/or viii) the system is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 1010 C. at about two hours; and/or ix) the system is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 1052 C. at about three hours; and/or x) the system is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 1093 C. at about four hours; and/or xi) the system is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 1260 C. at about eight hours; and/or xii) the core comprises at least one of polyurethane foam, polyether foam, open cell foam, dense closed cell foam, cross-linked foam, neoprene foam rubber, urethane, cardboard, and a composite; and/or xiii) a layer comprising the fire retardant material is sandwiched between material of the core, and the core is not coated with any fire retardant material on any outer surface of the core; and/or xiv) a layer comprising the fire retardant material is sandwiched between material of the core; and/or xv) the layer is oriented, with respect to a direction in which the joint extends in its width, in at least one of a parallel orientation, a perpendicular orientation, and a combination thereof; and/or the fire retardant material is permeated throughout the core.

(51) It is further noted that the various embodiments, including constructions, layering and so forth described herein, can be combined in any combination and in any order. Thus, the embodiments described herein are not limited to the specific construction of the figures, as the various materials, layering and so forth described herein can be combined in any desired combination and order.

(52) Although this invention has been shown and described with respect to the detailed embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of skill in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed in the above detailed description, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.