Building frame and method for adjusting the temperature in a building

Abstract

A building envelope, in particular a wall, a floor, or a roof of a building with at least two shells spaced some distance apart from one another, which encloses an intermediate space, said space being essentially empty with the exception of weight-bearing and/or construction-engineering elements or being filled at least in sections with porous, open-celled material and sealed from the interior and exterior of the building, wherein controllable sealing means are provided for sealing the intermediate space from the interior and exterior and optionally separated building envelope sections from one other.

Claims

1. A porous, open-celled building frame for a building wall, floor, or roof of a building, the porous, open-celled building frame comprising: at least two shells spaced apart from one another which enclose an intermediate space being sealed against an interior and exterior of the building, the at least two shells including an exterior-facing shell configured to face an exterior of the building, and an interior-facing shell configured to face an interior of the building; a plurality of first pipes embedded in the exterior-facing shell, the plurality of first pipes protruding from the exterior-facing shell and ending in the intermediate space or in the interior-facing shell; and a plurality of second pipes embedded in the interior-facing shell, the plurality of second pipes protruding from the interior-facing shell and ending in the intermediate space or in the exterior-facing shell in such a manner that each first pipe together with an associated second pipe form a heat pipe, wherein each of the second pipes is arranged concentrically inside an associated first pipe without contacting the associated first pipe, or each of the first pipes is arranged concentrically inside an associated second pipe without contacting the associated second pipe, the porous, open-celled building frame forms at least one closed-loop conduit circuit together with the first and second pipes, the at least one closed-loop conduit circuit being sealed against at least one of (i) the interior and exterior of the building, or (ii) the intermediate space, or (iii) at least one of the at least two shells, and wherein the at least one closed-loop conduit circuit is configured such that a fluid for at least one of increasing, holding or decreasing heat transition though the building envelope of the building or affecting heat transport into or out of the building envelope of the building can flow, at least in sections, through at least one of the porous, open-celled building frame, or the at least one closed-loop conduit circuit, or the first pipe, or the second pipe, or the heat pipe.

2. The porous, open-celled building frame according to claim 1, comprising: means for fluid supply and removal for controlled supply and removal of the fluid into or out of at least one of the porous, open-celled building frame, or the at least one closed-loop conduit circuit, or the first pipe, or the second pipe, or the heat pipe, or the intermediate space, or at least one of the at least two shells, wherein at least one of the intermediate space, or at least one of the at least two shells is divided into building-frame sections, to which are separately attached controllable means for fluid supply and removal for section-selective management of a respective heat transition and wherein at least one of: (i) the building-frame sections are separated from one another in fluid-tight manner or (ii) the separately controllable means for independent fluid supply and removal are configured for independent section-selective control of heat transport into or out of each of the building-frame sections; wherein the at least one closed-loop conduit circuit is configured for the circulation the fluid, and wherein at least one of: (i) the at least one closed-loop conduit circuit is sized to be section-specific or (ii) the at least one closed-loop conduit circuit includes section-specific means of flow control for flow control of the fluid.

3. The porous, open-celled building frame according to claim 2, comprising: sensor or input means for acquisition or inputting of section-specific values of at least one of a thermal state variable or a radiative state variable, including at least one of a measured or estimated outdoor temperature, or measured or estimated sunlight intensity, or measured or estimated moisture content, or desired indoor temperature, or desired indoor thermal radiative flux in each of the respective building-frame sections that are associated with the separate building-frame sections which are connected on the input side with control means for the means for fluid supply and removal.

4. The porous, open-celled building frame according to claim 2, wherein the means for fluid supply and removal comprise: gas or air pumps for the generation of negative pressure, positive pressure, or atmospheric pressure within at least one of the porous, open-celled building frame, or at least one closed-loop conduit circuit, or the first pipe, or the second pipe, or the heat pipe of each of a respective building-frame sections for at least one of increasing holding or decreasing heat transition through the building envelope of the building or affecting heat transport into or out of the building envelope of the building.

5. The porous, open-celled building frame according to claim 4, wherein the means for fluid supply and removal comprise: gas or air reservoirs for the generation of negative pressure, positive pressure, or atmospheric pressure within at least one of the porous, open-celled building frame, or the at least one closed-loop conduit circuit, or the first pipe, or the second pipe, or the heat pipe of each of respective building-frame sections for at least one of increasing, holding or decreasing heat transition through the building envelope of the building or affecting heat transport into or out of the building envelope of the building.

6. The porous, open-celled building frame according to claim 2, comprising: controllable sealing means configured for controlled sealing of at least one of the intermediate space from both the interior and the exterior or discrete building-frame sections of the building, the separated building-frame sections from both the interior and the exterior or between the separated building-frame sections, the exterior-facing shell from the exterior or the intermediate space or the interior-facing shell, the interior-facing shell from the interior or the intermediate space or the exterior-facing shell, the building frame from both the interior and exterior of the building.

7. The porous, open-celled building frame according to claim 6, wherein the controllable sealing means are configured to change at least one of their volumes, or their shape under an effect of heat, electromagnetic radiation, chemicals or mechanical forces in a controlled manner.

8. The porous, open-celled building frame according to claim 6, wherein: the controllable sealing means is configured to be operated under the control of or in response of sensor or input means for acquisition or inputting of section-specific values of at least one of a thermal state variable or a radiative state variable, including at least one of a measured or estimated outdoor temperature, or measured or estimated sunlight intensity, or measured or estimated moisture content, or desired indoor temperature, or desired indoor thermal radiative flux in each of the respective building-frame sections that are associated with the separate building-frame sections which are connected on the input side with control means for the controllable sealing means.

9. The porous, open-celled building frame according to claim 2, wherein at least one of (i) different wall, floor or roof sections, or (ii) walls, floors or roofs of spaces with different functions, which are associated with at last one of (i) different cardinal directions or (ii) different environmental exposures, constitute different building-frame sections.

10. The porous, open-celled building frame according to claim 1, wherein the at least one closed-loop conduit circuit is, at least in sections, fluid permeable and configured to introduce and/or absorb the fluid into or from the environment the at least one closed-loop conduit circuit is embedded in.

11. The porous, open-celled building frame according to claim 1, wherein the fluid is at least one of air, a gas, a mixture of gases, a liquid or a mixture of liquids.

12. The porous, open-celled building frame according to claim 1, in combination with a building with a fixed foundation.

13. The porous, open-celled building frame according to claim 1, in combination with a mobile building.

14. The porous, open-celled building frame according to claim 1, in combination with at least one of a craft, or a vehicle, or a vessel.

15. The porous, open-celled building frame according to claim 1, the porous, open-celled building frame is made, at least in sections, by an additive manufacturing process.

16. The porous, open-celled building frame according to claim 1, the porous, open-celled building frame is at least one of: (i) collapsed, at least in sections, within itself, or (ii) contracted in between or alongside the first and second pipes for transportation; and the porous, open-celled building frame is formed into a final structure on site.

17. The porous, open-celled building frame according to claim 16, wherein the means for fluid supply and removal comprise: liquid pumps for filling or draining of at least one of the porous, open-celled building frame, or at least one closed-loop conduit circuit, or the first pipe, or the second pipe, or the heat pipe of each of a respective building-frame sections with the fluid.

18. The porous, open-celled building frame according to claim 17, wherein the means for fluid supply and removal comprise: liquid reservoirs for filling or draining of at least one of the porous, open-celled building frame, or at least one closed-loop conduit circuit, or the first pipe, or the second pipe, or the heat pipe of each of a respective building-frame sections with the fluid.

19. The porous, open-celled building frame according to claim 1, the porous, open-celled building frame is penetrated, at least in sections, by the building material during the building process of the building and functions as reinforcement of at least one of (i) at least one of the at least two shells, or (ii) the intermediate space after completion of the building process of the building.

20. A process for control of at least one of the indoor temperature, the indoor thermal radiative flux or the exterior thermal radiative flux of a building with a porous, open-celled building frame for a building wall, floor, or roof of a building, the porous, open-celled building frame including: at least two shells spaced apart from one another which enclose an intermediate space being sealed against an interior and exterior of the building, the at least two shells including an exterior-facing shell configured to face an exterior of the building, and an interior-facing shell configured to face an interior of the building; a plurality of first pipes embedded in the exterior-facing shell, the plurality of first pipes protruding from the exterior-facing shell and ending in the intermediate space or in the interior-facing shell; and a plurality of second pipes embedded in the interior-facing shell, the plurality of second pipes protruding from the interior-facing shell and ending in the intermediate space or in the exterior-facing shell in such a manner that each first pipe together with an associated second pipe form a heat pipe, wherein each of the second pipes is arranged concentrically inside an associated first pipe without contacting the associated first pipe, or each of the first pipes is arranged concentrically inside an associated second pipe without contacting the associated second pipe; the porous, open-celled building frame forms at least one closed-loop conduit circuit together with the first and second pipes, the at least one closed-loop conduit circuit being sealed against at least one of (i) the interior and exterior of the building, or (ii) the intermediate space, or (iii) at least one of the at least two shells, and wherein the at least one closed-loop conduit circuit is configured such that a fluid for at least one of increasing, holding or decreasing heat transition through the building envelope of the building or affecting heat transport into or out of the building envelope of the building can flow, at least in sections, through at least one of the porous, open-celled building frame, or the at least one closed-loop conduit circuit, or the first pipe, or the second pipe, or the heat pipe, the process for control comprising: controlling heat transition through the porous, open-celled building frame or controlling heat transport into or out of the porous, open-celled building frame by fluid supply and removal for controlled supply and removal of the fluid into or out of the porous, open-celled building frame.

21. The process for control according to claim 20, wherein the porous, open-celled building frame includes: means for fluid supply and removal for controlled supply and removal of the fluid into or out of at least one of the porous, open-celled building frame, or the at least one closed-loop conduit circuit, or the first pipe, or the second pipe or the heat pipe, or the intermediate space, or at least one of the at least two shells wherein at least one of the intermediate space, or at least one of the at least two shells being divided into building-frame sections, to which are separately attached controllable means for fluid supply and removal for section-selective management of a respective heat transition and wherein the at least one of: (i) the building-frame sections are separated from one another in fluid-tight manner or (ii) the separately controllable means for independent fluid supply and removal are configured for independent section-selective control of heat transport into or out of each of the building-frame sections, wherein the at least one closed-loop conduit circuit is configured for the circulation of the fluid, and the process for control comprising: the means for fluid supply and removal are operated under the control of or in response of sensor or input means for acquisition or inputting of section-specific values of at least one of a thermal state variable or a radiative state variable, including at least one of a measured or estimated outdoor temperature, or measured or estimated sunlight intensity, or measured or estimated moisture content, or desired indoor temperature, or desired indoor thermal radiative flux in each of the respective building-frame sections that are associated with the separate building-frame sections which are connected on the input side with control means for the means for fluid supply and removal.

22. The process according to claim 20, wherein the fluid is at least one of air, a gas, a mixture of gases, a liquid or a mixture of liquids.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 illustrates a partial-section, perspective depiction of a double-shelled building wall;

(2) FIG. 2 illustrates a further partial-section, perspective depiction of a double-shelled building wall,

(3) FIG. 3 illustrates a further partial-section, perspective depiction of a double-shelled building wall,

(4) FIG. 4 illustrates a partial-section, perspective depiction of a double-shelled building wall according to one embodiment of the invention,

(5) FIG. 5 illustrates a partial-section, perspective depiction of a double-shelled building wall according to one embodiment of the invention,

(6) FIGS. 6 and 6a illustrate partial-section, perspective depictions of a double-shelled building wall according to other embodiments of the invention,

(7) FIG. 7 illustrates schematic, cross-sectional depiction of a building envelope according to a further embodiment of the invention,

(8) FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic, cross-sectional depiction of a building envelope according to a further embodiment of the invention

(9) FIG. 8a illustrates a simplified schematic, cross-sectional representation of an embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 8

(10) FIGS. 8b-e illustrate schematic, cross-sectional representations of a building envelope according to further embodiments of the invention

(11) FIGS. 9 through 11 illustrate schematic representations to illustrate embodiments according to the invention process.

(12) FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic cut-away of a cross-section of a building envelope during manufacture

(13) FIG. 13 illustrates a schematic cut-away of a cross-section of the building envelope in an alternative manufacture

(14) FIG. 14a illustrates a various schematic representations of seals

(15) FIG. 14b illustrates schematic representation of a cut-away cross-section of a building envelope

(16) FIG. 14c illustrates schematic representation of a cut-away cross-section of a building envelope

(17) FIG. 15a illustrates an exemplary fixed foundation

(18) FIG. 15b illustrates an exemplary mobile foundation with a building envelope.

(19) FIG. 16 illustrates controlling fluid supply and removal in response to acquired and/or input values of a state variable

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(20) FIGS. 1 through 3 each schematically show in partially sectioned, a cross-sectional representation of a double-shelled building envelope 10, 20, or alternatively 30, which each respectively exhibit a first and a second wall shell 11a, 11 b; 21a, 21b, or alternatively 31a, 31b set at a pre-determined distance from one another, which enclose an intermediate space 13, 23, or alternatively 33. In the embodiment of the wall shells depicted, the same respectively exhibit a reinforcement, which is solely separately labeled in FIG. 2 the numbers 21c and 21d.

(21) With building envelope 10 according to FIG. 1, the intermediate space 13 is filled with a porous, open-celled insulation or support material 15, which can also be introduced in the form of plates and can then contemporaneously have a support function with respect to the wall shells 11a and 11b. With building wall 20 according to FIG. 2, the intermediate space 23 is essentially empty, aside from a plurality of spacers 25, which hold the wall shells 21a and 21 bat a constant distance from one another. Building wall 30 according to FIG. 3 contains slotted or notched plates 35 in the intermediate space 33 made of porous, open-celled support material.

(22) In FIGS. 4 through 6, schematic embodiment examples of the invention are respectively represented, which stem from the constructions described above according to FIG. 2 and wherein the same elements with the same reference numbers as in FIG. 2 are indicated. In the intermediate space 23 of the construction according to FIG. 4, there are various sections which are separated from one another by fluid-tight separation walls 27, and the individual (which are not separately indicated) sections are provided with separately controllable piping conduits 28 for the input or output of a fluid and for the management of heat transition or heat transport through building envelope 20A in each of the sections.

(23) FIG. 6a shows features of FIG. 6 with porous, open-celled material in the intermediate space 23.

(24) FIG. 5 shows as a further embodiment, a building envelope 20B, in which both wall shells 21a′ and 21b′ are modified to be thermally controllable or be usable, for instance as heat collectors, and in which are arranged pipe lengths 28′ for the channeling of a heating or cooling liquid. FIG. 6 depicts a building envelope 20c, in which are arranged a plurality of heat pipes 29, each with a corresponding spacer element 25 and which are spaced some distance apart from each other, and which run between the two wall shells 21a′ and 21b″ (which have been modified through the addition of means for the affixing of the heat pipes) and with which are respectively associated a sealing and fastening flange 29a on the inner-side of the wall and a heat collector element 29b on the outside surface of the outer shell 21a″.

(25) FIGS. 7 and 8 respectively show, in contrast to the schematic diagrams according to FIGS. 4 through 6 somewhat more detailed cross-sectional representations of further embodiment examples of the invention.

(26) FIG. 7 shows a cut-away of a building wall 70 of the basic type shown in FIG. 2, which is to say a double-shelled wall construction with spacers. In view of the greater detail of this representation, one has not referred back to the reference numbers of FIG. 2; instead, the two wall shells are respectively indicated by numbers 71 and 72, the essentially empty intermediate space formed between the two shells is given the number 73 and the spacer number 74. Both wall shells 71, 72 respectively comprise a reinforcement 71a, 72a, in a building material 71b, 72b, internal coating 71c, 72c, and finally an outside form or mold 71d, 72d. In the region of the spacer, anchoring bodies 74a, 74b are installed to the respective wall cores, and the spacer and the anchoring bodies are penetrated by a form anchor 75, which is fixed on both sides with one each adjusting nut 75a, 75b. In the region of spacer 74 are represented, on the one side, an ordinary O-ring 76a, and on the other side, a sealing element 76b which increases volumetrically under external energy influence (heat, radiation, or similar), for the sealing of the intermediate space 73 towards the inside and outside in the area of the penetration through the shells 71, 72 by the form anchor 75.

(27) Function, technical execution possibilities, and advantages of the briefly described preceding building-wall construction are explained further and in more detail above and are the object of the dependent claims and for this reason are not once again described in detail here. As explained above in more detail, in the event of a weakening of, or due to relevant changes in state, of a no longer sufficient sealing action of sealing element 76b, this sealing effect can be newly returned to the required size through energy input from the outside.

(28) FIG. 8 shows a further two-shelled building envelope 80. This construction basically resembles that of building wall 20C according to FIG. 6. However here too, there has been no attempt to use the reference numbers appearing in FIG. 6 in the assignment of reference numbers. Here too, two wall shells 81 and 82, which enclose an intermediate space 83, are held at a defined distance by spacer 84. The wall shells 81, 82 further exhibit respectively a reinforcement 81a, 82a in the building material 81b, 82b and respectively have a separation coating 81c, 82c on the inner side. In the area of the spacer, and surrounding it, a heat pipe 85 is provided consisting of a somewhat narrower inner pipe 85a and of a, concentric thereto, somewhat broader outer pipe 85b. The inner and outer pipes 85a and 85b of heat pipe 85 respectively pass through the total thickness of the wall shell 82 and 81, in which they are arranged and project overlapping one another into the intermediate space 83.

(29) Each of the pipe sections 85a, 85b is respectively provided on the exterior wall side of shell 82 and 81 with a heat collector 85c or 85d. A flange 85e or 85f is attached for each of the pipe sections 85a, 85b on the inner side and each sealing and fastening flange is provided with a volume-increasing seal 85g or 85h of the type and function mentioned in the preceding section, against the adjoining inner wall coating of the respective wall shell. The seals (O-ring or volume-increasing seal) on the spacer already depicted in FIG. 7 are also present in this embodiment; they are here indicated by numbers 84a and 84b.

(30) FIG. 8a is a simplified representation of the embodiment according to FIG. 8 for further explanation of the essential features.

(31) Pipe sections 85a, 85b are pipes arranged concentrically (at a pre-determined distance) and leading into one another. As one can gather from FIG. 8a, the pipe sections 85a and 85b do not contact one another and they only project to a certain point into intermediate space 83. Pipe sections 85a, 85b can be made out of a good heat-conducting material such as aluminum, copper, or chromium steel. Heat collectors 85c, 85b (preferably made from heat-conducting sheet metal) are arranged on the outside of the construction and are in direct exchange with the immediate surroundings and can further conduct heat from direct solar radiation to the pipe section connected thereto and projecting into the shells and the intermediate space x82. As long as intermediate space 82 is evacuated, no heat-conducting connection exists between the pipe sections 85a and 85b. If intermediate space 83 were to be filled with a heat-conducting liquid, an increased heat transition from a pipe section 85a to the other pipe section 85b would thereby occur. A passive heat bridge is thereby formed inside the construction and heat transition increases (considerably). As a whole, the heat pipe 85 bridges the intermediate space 83 between wall shells 81, 82 and in particular the separation layers 81 and coatings 81c, 82c. If the heat-conducting liquid were to be drained from the intermediate space 83, then the additional heat transition within the construction is cancelled. Inasmuch as the pipe sections 85a, 85b do not contact one another, a heat bridge is no longer present inside the construction (in the case of a drained intermediate space 83).

(32) The function of pipe sections 85a, 85b therefore depends on two levels of a thermal liquid in the intermediate space 83. If the level is below pipe sections 85a, 85b (or heat pipe 85), no increased heat conduction exists. If the level is above heat pipe 85, increased heat conduction occurs.

(33) Spacer 84 can be embodied in conjunction with heat pipe 85.

(34) FIG. 8b shows an alternative embodiment of a building envelope. The embodiment according to FIG. 8b is basically laid out like the embodiment according to FIG. 8a. Additionally, a separation wall 86 is provided around pipe sections 85a, 85b. The separation wall 86 is, in this specific case, a cylinder formed around heat pipe 85 (other constructions are possible). The separation wall 86 is fastened to the sealing and fastening flanges 85e, 85f and is sealed by the same. The (cylindrical) separation wall 86 defines a liquid reservoir 87, into which heating liquid can be introduced (and subsequently drained from). The cross-section of separation wall 86 is double-S-shaped. In this specific embodiment example, separation wall 86 can exhibit a central segment which is inwardly displaced in a radial fashion when compared to the edge sections. FIG. 8d shows features of FIG. 8b with fluid conduits 28 and porous, open-celled material.

(35) FIG. 8c shows a further embodiment of a building envelope. This embodiment basically exhibits the construction of the embodiment according to FIG. 8b, in particular with regards to the separation wall 86. Heat pipe 85 is, however, formed differently from the embodiment according to FIG. 8b. In the embodiment according to FIG. 8c, pipe section 85a includes a pipe-section segment 85a1 and a pipe-section segment 85a2 that is arranged (concentrically) around pipe-section segment 85a1. The pipe-section segments 85a1, 85a2 project respectively into intermediate space 83 and are (partially) arranged inside pipe-section segments 85b1, 85b2 of the second pipe section 85b. A distance between the pipe-section segment 85a1 and 85b1 as well as between 85a2 and 85b2 is sealed by gaskets 86a so that pipe sections 85a, 85b are joined in a fluid-tight manner to one another. A liquid pump 88 is provided in pipe-section segment 85b2, which achieves liquid circulation in the direction of the arrows in FIG. 8c. FIG. 8e shows features of FIG. 8c with fluid conduits 28 and porous, open-celled material. The embodiments according to FIGS. 8a, 8b make use of passive heat conduction. The embodiment according to FIG. 8b is particularly advantageous if intermediate space 83 is evacuated or is filled up with a porous, open-celled insulation/support material.

(36) The embodiment according to FIG. 8c operates with active heat conduction. In this embodiment, liquid is transported inside heat pipe 85 from the heat collector 85c by means of the double-walled embodiment of heat pipe 85 through the construction to heat collector 85d (and by means of pipe-section segments 85b1 and 85a1 in the reverse direction).

(37) FIG. 9 schematically shows in a type of simple flow diagram an operational sequence for achieving an applied or increased heat exchange through a building envelope of the type described above as an embodiment example of the process according to the invention.

(38) The intermediate space of the construction has a specified configuration (porous, open-celled support material—cavity) and a specified geometry, which is given by the climate zone and use. It is divided into individual sectors. The “Initial state” stage equalizes the physical conditions in the intermediate space with either the outside environment or the interior. This can also be indicated as “Airing”. The initial state can also be fitted into the process sequence in order to prepare the intermediate space for the subsequent processes.

(39) The step “Impose vacuum” reduces the pressure in the intermediate space to a pre-determined value by means of a vacuum pump or by pressure compensation with a storage- or pressure-controllable membrane storage tank. Depending on the moisture content of the air or gas contained therein, the liquid-gas-liquid phase transition can be induced by means of the step “Impose vacuum”. The step “Introduce heat-conducting medium” fills the intermediate space with the heat-conducting medium by means of pumps, by pressure compensation with a storage- or pressure-controllable membrane storage tank or by the “Suction” step using the vacuum. This can be air with a pre-determined moisture content, a gas, or a liquid.

(40) The step “Drain heat-conducting medium” drains the intermediate space of the heat-conducting medium by means of pumps, by pressure compensation with a storage- or pressure-controllable membrane storage tank or by suction by means of a further “Impose vacuum” step. In the latter case, a step for airing the building envelope follows. Subsequently, there is a decision step “Repeat cycle?” during which it is decided whether and, where necessary, at which point in time the cycle should be repeated and is based upon, on the one hand, the heat exchange 38 achieved with a condition of the building envelope being filled with a heat-conducting medium, and, on the other hand, the existing target values and for example, additional recorded parameters. If there is no necessity for the same, the run is concluded; otherwise one returns to the “Impose vacuum” step.

(41) FIG. 10 shows in an analogous manner, the run of a flushing routine, with which the intermediate space of the building envelope is cleared of moisture or residual gas from a preceding process run at constant pressure, and which can be fitted in at various suitable points in the process runs.

(42) The run begins with a step of determining the residual moisture in the intermediate space and comparison with a nominal value, as a result of which it is decided whether a flushing routine is to be performed. Were this to be the case, an “Impose vacuum” step follows (as described in the preceding process). The “Flush out” step exchanges the air, gas, or liquid volume in the intermediate space under pre-determined, constant-pressure conditions. This is performed, for example, with the aid of a previously evacuated membrane storage tank or one prepared at a specified pressure ratio, which exchanges the volume in the intermediate space once, twice, or several times under constant pressure. In so doing, a pressure difference is produced between the conditions of the surroundings, the membrane storage tank, and the intermediate space. A vacuum pump can additionally provide the required air or gas volumes. With this step, an initial state is reached, in which the measurement and comparison steps which were initially performed are performed once again. If required, the cycle is then run through once again.

(43) FIG. 11 shows, in contrast to that in FIG. 9, a rather more complex process run, in which at the beginning a decision for one of the available options “Reduce heat transition?” or “Increase heat transition?” is made. The two subsequent subroutines, which depend on the decision made, are represented here in a rather simplified manner, and the representation is essentially self-explanatory based on the labels. In the figure, it is also noted that, at specified sites, an appropriate flushing routine of the type outlined in FIG. 10 can be fitted in.

(44) The representations in the flow diagrams are highly simplified and do not mirror the runs that in practice are considerably more complex, which can be produced under the influence of various measurement and comparison steps and which can be governed by intermediate decisions or due to partial pressure decreases or increases. Such elaborations do however lie within the purview of a person skilled in the art and need no more detailed description here.

(45) FIGS. 12 and 13 show segments of a cross-section of a building wall during manufacture. In FIG. 12, an intermediate space 1 is filled up with a porous, open-celled insulation/support material 15. An additive 12 serves to form a separation layer. The additive 12 exhibits a density hat is lesser than that of the building material 3 (concrete, for example) and cures comparatively quickly. Due to its lower density, the additive 12 remains above the building material 3. The additive 12 penetrates the armoring 4, so that a separation layer 18 is formed in intermediate space 1. A form or mold is identified by reference number 5. The insulation/support material can comprise several plates, which are arranged above a joint 16 and next to one another. Optionally, an air conduit 17 can be provided (as a recess in the insulation/support material). The separation layer 18 forms a sealing surface between the insulation/support material executed in the intermediate space 1 of a double-shelled construction and the building material 3.

(46) In FIG. 13, the intermediate space 1 is formed as a cavity. A fine-mesh non-woven material 2 fits tightly on the reinforcement lattice 4. If the building material 3 (in its flowable phase) comes into contact with a support liquid or a granulate (displaced with a bond-accelerating additive 8), it hardens comparatively quickly. The liquid 8 is introduced during manufacture at the same rate as that of the flowable building material 3, so that a liquid level 9 of the support liquid or alternatively of the granulate 8 is a little below the level 10 of the building material 3. Cured building material which has penetrated the non-woven material 2 is identified by reference number 6. Reference number 7 identifies a mirror plane of the illustration according to FIG. 13. A form or mold is identified by reference number 5.

(47) FIG. 14a shows various schematic cross-sections of the seals, whose volumes can be changed. The schematic representation under (a) in FIG. 14a shows a seal 85g, whose volume can be increased due to heat action through heat-conducting plates 141, 142. The heat-conducting plate 141 is, for instance, heat-conducting plate that is connected to the outside. Heat-conducting plate 142 is, for example, a heat-conducting plate that is provided for the division of sectors on the inside of the construction. In accordance with the embodiment according to (b) in FIG. 14a, the volume of the seal 85g is increased by heating action, which results from heating up an electrical cable 143 on the inside of the seal 85g. Under (c) in FIG. 14a, the seal 85g is enlarged by the action of a chemical, which is contained inside a (permeable) pipe 144. The pipe 144 is provided inside the seal 85g. Under (d) in FIG. 14a, the sealing material is enlarged by the action of electromagnetic radiation (at a pre-determined wavelength).

(48) FIG. 14b shows a cut-away cross-section of a building envelope with a plurality of seals 85g. As can be gathered from FIG. 14b, the heat-conducting plates 141, 142 are sealed against one another by means of a seal 85g. Further seals 85g are provided between the sealing flange 85e and the reinforcement 82a. Still further seals 85g are arranged on the heat collector 85c as well as on the heat-conducting plate 141.

(49) FIG. 14c shows a cut-away cross-section of a building wall with a seal 85g (by way of example, for the division of sectors) in a case in which the intermediate space 83 is filled with a porous, open-celled, insulation/support material. The execution of the invention is not limited to the examples and aspects explained above, instead a plurality of modifications are also possible, which are within the purview of matters known to a person skilled in the art.

(50) It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The presently disclosed embodiments are therefore considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restricted. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description and all changes that come within the meaning and range and equivalence thereof are intended to be embraced therein.

REFERENCE LIST

(51) 2 Non-woven material 5 Form or mold 6 Cured building material 7 mirror planes 8 Support liquid or granulate 9, 12 Liquid level 10, 10′, 10″, 20, 20′, 20″, 20A, 20A′, 20A″, 20B, Building envelope or alternatively wall 20C, 30, 70, 80 11a, 11b; 21a, 21b; 21a′, 21b′; 21a″, 21b″; 31a, 31b; 71, 72; 81, 82 Building-envelope shell 1, 13, 23, 33, 73, 83 Intermediate space 15 Porous, open-celled material 16 Plate joint 17 Fluid conduit 4; 21c, 21d; 71a, 72a, 81a, 82a Reinforcement 25, 74, 84 Spacer 27, 27′, 27″ Separation wall 28, 28′, 28″ Pipe conduit 29, 85 Heat pipe 29a; 85e, 85f Sealing and fastening flange 29b; 85c, 85d Heat collector element 35 Slotted or notched plates 3, 71b, 72b, 81b, 82b Building material 18, 71c, 72c, 81c, 82c Inside and separation coating 71d, 72d Mold 74a, 74b Anchoring body 75 Bolt 75a, 75b Adjusting nuts 76a, 76b; 84a, 84b, 85g, 85h O-ring, gasket 85a, 85a1, 85a2 Inside pipe (heat pipe) 85b, 85b1, 85b2 Outside pipe (heat pipe) 86 Separation wall (cylinder) 86a Gasket 87, 87′, 87″ Fluid reservoir 88, 88′, 88″ Fluid pump 89 Sensor and/or input means 90 Control unit (CU) 141, 142 Heat conducting plates 143 Electrical cable 144 Pipe (permeable)