PISTON-CYLINDER ASSEMBLY FOR A RADIAL PISTON COMPRESSOR, AND RADIAL PISTON COMPRESSOR

Abstract

The present invention relates to a piston-cylinder assembly for a radial piston compressor. The piston-cylinder assembly comprises a drive shaft with a cylindrical eccentric for guiding the movement of the piston to a top dead center position. A cylindrical piston guide ring guides the movement of the piston to a bottom dead center. Both the cylindrical eccentric and the piston guide ring are connected to the piston by means of respective concave/convex contact surfaces for the positive transmission of the forces.

Claims

1-11. (canceled)

12. A piston-cylinder assembly for a radial piston compressor, comprising a piston; a cylinder bore, in which the piston is arranged displaceably along a center line of the cylinder bore; a drive shaft with an axis of rotation and with a cylindrical eccentric, the center point of which is spaced apart from the axis of rotation of the drive shaft, wherein, during a rotational movement of the drive shaft, the piston is movable by the cylindrical eccentric in the cylinder bore in a manner directed outward in the radial direction away from the drive shaft as far as a top dead center; and a transmission element, which transmits the movement of the eccentric to the piston for generating the movement of the piston outward in the cylinder bore in a manner directed away from the drive shaft, wherein the transmission element has a first supporting surface with which the transmission element is supported on a cylinder surface of the eccentric; wherein the piston has a concavely shaped, first operative surface facing the transmission element, and the transmission element has a convexly shaped, second supporting surface facing the first operative surface, wherein the first operative surface and the second supporting surface form a form-fitting connection which is effective in the circumferential direction of the eccentric, and in that a cylindrical piston guide ring is provided, through which the piston is movable in the cylinder bore in a manner directed inward toward the drive shaft in the radial direction from the top dead center (TDC) as far as a bottom dead center (BDC), wherein the piston has a convexly shaped, second operative surface which faces an inner shell surface of the piston guide ring and which, together with the inner shell surface of the piston guide ring, forms a form-fitting connection which is effective in the direction of the center line of the cylinder bore.

13. The piston-cylinder assembly as claimed in claim 12, wherein the first supporting surface of the transmission element is one of a flat surface and a concavely shaped cylinder shell section with a first supporting surface radius, the first supporting surface radius corresponding to the radius of the cylindrical surface of the eccentric.

14. The piston-cylinder assembly as claimed in claim 13, wherein the second supporting surface of the transmission element and the first operative surface of the piston are cylinder shell sections with a second supporting surface radius, or wherein the second supporting surface of the transmission element is a spherical surface section and the first operative surface of the piston is a ball socket with a second supporting surface radius.

15. The piston-cylinder assembly as claimed in claim 14, wherein the second operative surface of the piston is a cylinder shell section with a second operative surface radius, wherein the second supporting surface radius and the second operative surface radius have the same center point, wherein the center point on the cylindrical surface of the eccentric is the point at which the center line of the cylinder bore penetrates the cylindrical surface of the eccentric, and wherein the sum of the radius of the cylindrical surface of the eccentric and the second operative surface radius of the piston corresponds to the radius of the inner shell surface of the piston guide ring.

16. The piston-cylinder assembly as claimed in claim 15, wherein a contact zone between the second supporting surface of the transmission element and the first operative surface of the piston and/or between the cylindrical surface of the eccentric and the first supporting surface of the transmission element is slightly convex in a direction transversely with respect to the radii of curvature of said surfaces.

17. The piston-cylinder assembly as claimed in claim 16, wherein the cylindrical surface of the eccentric is a cylindrical outer shell surface of an outer ring of a rolling contact bearing, the rolling contact bearing being arranged on the eccentric.

18. The piston-cylinder assembly as claimed in claim 17, wherein two piston guide rings are provided which are arranged spaced apart from each other in the axial direction of the eccentric, wherein two second operative surfaces are formed on the piston, with in each case one second operative surface being assigned to an inner shell surface of a piston guide ring.

19. The piston-cylinder assembly as claimed in claim 18, wherein at least part of the second operative surface formed on the piston or parts of the second operative surfaces formed on the piston is or are arranged offset outward in a direction perpendicular to the center line of the piston in relation to the first operative surface of the piston interacting with the transmission element and spaced apart radially outward in the direction of the center line of the piston.

20. The piston-cylinder assembly as claimed in claim 12, wherein the transmission element is manufactured from a metal or a metal alloy with a small coefficient of sliding friction, in particular from copper, bronze or a brass alloy.

21. The piston-cylinder assembly as claimed in claim 12, wherein at least one of the first supporting surface of the transmission element and the first operative surface of the piston has a recess forming a lubricant reservoir.

22. A radial piston compressor with a plurality of piston-cylinder assemblies, which are arranged distributed uniformly in a circumferential direction, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cylinder bores are provided in a cylinder block and the individual pistons are driven by an eccentric via a single drive shaft.

Description

[0029] The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the figures, in which, in each case schematically,

[0030] FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a piston-cylinder assembly according to the invention in a radial half section;

[0031] FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a piston-cylinder assembly according to the invention in a radial half section;

[0032] FIG. 3 shows an enlarged illustration of the region D from FIG. 2;

[0033] FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of a piston-cylinder assembly according to the invention in a radial half section;

[0034] FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of the piston-cylinder assembly according to the invention in an exploded illustration;

[0035] FIG. 6 shows the piston and the transmission element as individual parts in a perspective view;

[0036] FIG. 7 shows a radial piston compressor with piston-cylinder assemblies according to the invention;

[0037] FIG. 8 shows a comparative juxtaposition of the second and the fourth embodiment of the invention.

[0038] FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a piston-cylinder assembly according to the invention in a radial half section. The piston-cylinder assembly comprises a drive shaft 4, not illustrated specifically in FIG. 1. Only the axis of rotation 5 of the drive shaft 4 is indicated in FIG. 1. Pistons 1 are arranged distributed in the circumferential direction about the drive shaft 4. The center lines 3 of the cylinder bores 2, not illustrated in FIG. 1 for reasons of better clarity, intersect in the axis of rotation 5 of the drive shaft 4. The cylindrical eccentric 6 is designed as an integral part of the drive shaft 4 or as a component connected to the drive shaft 4 for rotation therewith. The center point 7 of the eccentric 6 is arranged offset by a distance from the axis of rotation 5 of the drive shaft 4 to produce the eccentricity. The eccentric 6 has, as the shell surface, a cylindrical surface 10 with a radius 17.

[0039] The piston-cylinder assembly according to the invention furthermore comprises a cylindrical piston guide ring 13 which has an inner shell surface 14.

[0040] A transmission element 8 is arranged between the eccentric 6 and the piston 1 of a piston-cylinder assembly. The transmission element 8 is used to transmit the stroke of the eccentric 6 to the piston 1 so that the latter executes the compression movement in the direction of the top dead center TDC. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the transmission elements 8 are supported via a first supporting surface 9 directly on the cylindrical surface 10 of the eccentric 6. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the first supporting surface 9 is designed as a concavely arched cylinder shell section surface with a first supporting surface radius 16. The first supporting surface radius 16 corresponds here to the radius 17 of the cylindrical surface 10. The first supporting surface 9 and the cylindrical surface 10 are therefore complementary to each other. In principle, the first supporting surface 9 could also have a concave shape differing from the circular ring shape.

[0041] The transmission element 8 has a convexly shaped second supporting surface 12. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the second supporting surface 12 is designed as a cylinder shell section surface with a second supporting surface radius 19. In principle, instead of a cylinder shell section shape, the second supporting surface 12 could also have a convex shape differing from the cylindrical shape. The piston 1 is supported on the second supporting surface 12 of the transmission element 8 via a first operative surface 11 formed on the piston 1. The first operative surface 11 of the piston 1 is shaped concavely. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the first operative surface 11 of the piston 1 is designed as a concave cylinder shell section surface with a first operative surface radius 22 which corresponds to the second supporting surface radius 19. The first operative surface 11 of the piston 1 and the second supporting surface 12 of the transmission element 8 are therefore formed in a complementary manner to each other. In principle, the first operative surface 11 of the piston 1 could also have a concave shape differing from the cylindrical shape.

[0042] A convexly shaped, second operative surface 15 is formed on the piston 1. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the second operative surface 15 of the piston 1 is a cylinder shell section surface with a second operative surface radius 20. The piston is in form-fitting engagement with the inner shell surface 14 of the piston guide ring 13 via the second operative surface 15. The form fit is effective in the direction of the center line 3 of the cylinder bore 2. By means of the piston guide ring 13, the return movement is transmitted to the second operative surface 15 of the piston 1, i.e. the movement with which the piston 1 is moved from the top dead center TDC into the bottom dead center BDC of the piston movement.

[0043] In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the second supporting surface radius 19 of the transmission element 8 and the second operative surface radius 22 of the piston 1 have the same center point 21. The center point 21 corresponds here to that point at which the center line 3 of the cylinder bore 2 penetrates the cylindrical surface 10 of the eccentric 6. The effect achieved by this design measure is that the sum of the radius 17 of the cylindrical surface 10 and the second operative surface radius 22 of the piston 1 corresponds to the radius 23 of the inner shell surface 14 of the piston guide ring 13. The effect achieved by this is that the piston guide ring 13, with its inner shell surface 14, never, i.e. not in any angular position of the eccentric 6 or of the drive shaft 4, loses contact with the second operative surface 15 of the piston 1. The piston guide ring 13 is thereby always in contact (without losing contact) with the respective piston 1. Additional contact changes and sliding displacement movements between the piston guide ring 13 and piston 1 are therefore avoided, and this has dynamic advantages in respect of the kinematics of the movement sequence and advantages in terms of wear. Acoustic advantages are thereby also achieved because no rattling noises or other annoying noises arise.

[0044] The piston guide ring 13 guides the pistons 1 on the eccentric 6 (or on the bearing outer ring 25, cf. exemplary embodiments two, three and four below) and prevents the pistons 1 from lifting off from the cylindrical surface 10 (or from the outer shell surface 24 of the outer ring 25 of the rolling contact bearing 26) during a downward movement/return movement of the pistons 1. The piston guide ring 13 slides on the second operative surface 15, which is formed on the piston 1. The piston guide ring 13 keeps the pistons 1 and the transmission elements 8 in sliding contact with the eccentric 6 (or with a bearing outer ring 25 of a rolling contact bearing 26 arranged on the eccentric, according to the embodiments of the invention that are described below).

[0045] FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a piston-cylinder assembly according to the invention in a radial half section. This second embodiment differs from the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 in that a rolling contact bearing 26 is arranged on the eccentric 6 by means of an outer ring 25 and rolling contact bodies 28. The transmission elements 8 are not supported, as in the first embodiment, directly on the shell surface of the eccentric 6, but rather are supported on the outer shell surface 24 of the bearing outer ring 25. In the second embodiment of the invention, the cylinder shell surface 10 of the eccentric is therefore formed by the outer shell surface 24 of the bearing outer ring 25 of the rolling contact bearing 26. Otherwise, the description of the first exemplary embodiment also applies to the second exemplary embodiment.

[0046] The rolling contact bearing 26 is arranged on the eccentric 6. In more precise terms, in the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the rolling contact bodies 28 of the rolling contact bearing 26 roll directly on the shell surface of the eccentric 6. In principle, it would also be possible for a bearing inner ring to be provided on which the rolling contact bodies 28 roll. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the rolling contact bodies 28 are held by a cage 29 or are guided by the latter. The rolling contact bearing 26 can be designed, for example, as a needle bearing or as a cylindrical roller bearing.

[0047] A number of advantages are obtained by the use of the rolling contact bearing 26. Firstly, the friction is significantly reduced in comparison to the first embodiment of the invention. Secondly, the outer shell surface 24 of the bearing outer ring 25 can be hardened more simply than the shell surface of the eccentric 6. This is true in particular if the eccentric 6 is formed integrally in one piece with the drive shaft 4 (not illustrated in FIG. 2). It may be advantageous to harden the surface on which the transmission elements 8 are supported by their first supporting surface 9. In particular in the case of radial piston compressors for the refrigerant CO.sub.2, the hardening of the surface, with which the transmission elements 8 are in contact via their first supporting surface, may be required in order to avoid premature wear due to the high forces and surface pressures which occur. It is then simpler to harden a separate outer ring of the rolling contact bearing 26 as an individual component than to harden the shell surface of an eccentric 6 formed integrally and in one piece with the drive shaft 4.

[0048] FIG. 3 shows an enlarged illustration of the region D of the second exemplary embodiment from FIG. 2. The radius 23 of the inner shell surface 14 of the piston guide ring 13 and the radius 17 of the cylindrical surface 10 are shown, the cylindrical surface 10 being formed by the outer shell surface 24 of the outer ring 25 of the rolling contact bearing 26. Furthermore, the first supporting surface radius 16 and the second operative surface radius 20 are shown.

[0049] FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of a piston-cylinder assembly according to the invention in a radial half section. This third embodiment substantially corresponds to the second embodiment of the invention, the sole difference consisting in the design of the transmission element 8. In the case of the third embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 4, the first supporting surface 9 is designed as a flat circular surface or surface in the shape of a circular disk, not as a concavely arched surface as in the case of the second exemplary embodiment. It can be seen at the individual contact points between the flat supporting surfaces 9 and the outer shell surface 24 of the bearing outer ring 25 that the transmission element 8 tilts relative to the piston 1 as a result of the movement of the eccentric 6. The transmission element 8 slides with its convexly shaped, second supporting surface 12 in relation to the concavely shaped, first operative surface 11 of the piston 1. The transmission element 8 also slides with its flat first supporting surface 9 relative to the outer shell surface 24 of the outer ring 25 of the rolling contact bearing 26.

[0050] FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of the piston-cylinder assembly according to the invention in an exploded illustration. Precisely as in the case of the second and third embodiment, the transmission elements 8 are supported on the outer ring 25 of the rolling contact bearing 26. The eccentric 6 is not illustrated in FIG. 5. The second operative surface 15 of the piston 1 is also formed in precisely the same manner and interacts with the inner shell surface 14 of the piston guide ring 13 in precisely the same manner as in the case of the first to third embodiments. The difference of the fourth embodiment according to FIG. 4 resides in the design of the transmission element 8 which has a convex, spherical-cup-shaped second supporting surface 12 and a flat first supporting surface 9, and in the design of the piston 1 which has a concave first operative surface 11 (concealed in FIG. 4) which is in the shape of a ball socket and which interacts with the second supporting surface 12.

[0051] The basic functioning corresponds to that of the first to third embodiments of the invention. The spherical-cap shape of the second supporting surface 12 of the transmission element 8 and the ball socket shape of the first operative surface 11 of the piston 1 affords additional advantages: [0052] The transmission element 8 is accommodated in a manner secured axially in the ball socket of the piston 1. An additional axial securing, in order to prevent the transmission element 8 from migrating axially (and which is required in the case of the transmission element 8 with the cylindrical shell section of the second supporting surface 12) can be dispensed with in the case of the second supporting surface 12, designed as a spherical cap, and the first operative surface 11, designed as a ball socket. [0053] An oblique position of the drive shaft 4 (not illustrated in FIG. 4) with respect to the center lines 3 of the cylinder bores 2 (not illustrated in FIG. 4) can be compensated for by the pairing of ball socket and spherical segment according to the fourth exemplary embodiment. [0054] If, as illustrated in FIG. 5, only a single piston guide ring 13 is provided, the guide length between the piston 1 and cylinder bore 2 on the opposite side of the piston guide ring 13 can then be realized as far as the piston foot. If the piston length is the same, better guidance of the piston 1 is thereby achieved.

[0055] FIG. 6 illustrates the piston 1 and the transmission element 8 according to the fourth embodiment of the invention as individual components. The concave, spherical-cap-shaped first operative surface 11 of the piston 1 forms a ball socket (or spherical hollow) in which the convex, spherical-cap-shaped second supporting surface 12 of the transmission element 8 is accommodated in the assembled state of the piston-cylinder assembly.

[0056] The underside of the transmission element 8 facing the eccentric 6 (not illustrated in FIG. 6) is plane, i.e. the first supporting surface 9 is a flat surface. The effect achieved by the flat first supporting surface 9 is that the transmission element 8 can rotate freely in the circumferential direction relative to the piston 1. By means of the linear contact with the outer shell surface 24 of the bearing outer ring 25 (not illustrated in FIG. 6), the surface pressures on the transmission element 8 are indeed higher than in the case of a transmission element 8 that is designed in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention. However, if the transmission element 8 is, for example, formed from rolling contact bearing steel and hardened (e.g. 100Cr6 hardened), it can withstand the increased surface pressures.

[0057] In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the first supporting surface 9 of the transmission element 8 and the first operative surface 11 of the piston 1 have a recess 30 forming a lubricant reservoir. Lubricant (e.g. lubricating oil) collects in the recesses 30. Said lubricant reservoirs ensure that lubricant is always present in a sufficient quantity in the contact surfaces.

[0058] FIG. 7 schematically shows a radial piston compressor with piston-cylinder assemblies according to the invention. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the piston-cylinder assemblies are designed by way of example in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention, i.e. the transmission elements 8 have cylinder-section-shaped, concave first supporting surfaces 9 and the second supporting surfaces 12 of the transmission elements 8 are in the shape of cylinder sections and interact with cylinder-section-shaped first operative surfaces 11 of the pistons 1. It goes without saying that the piston-cylinder assemblies could also be designed in accordance with the first, third or fourth embodiment of the invention.

[0059] The cylinder bores 2 are arranged in a cylinder block 27. The individual pistons 1 are driven by an eccentric 6 via a single drive shaft 4. To achieve better clarity, none of the details that a complete radial piston compressor has have been illustrated in FIG. 7. For example, all of the valve arrangements and inflow and outflow channels for the refrigerant are omitted. Owing to the piston-cylinder assemblies according to the invention, the radial piston compressor according to FIG. 7 is small in the radial direction and also in the axial direction, i.e. it takes up little construction space in both directions mentioned.

[0060] FIG. 8 illustrates the differences between the second and the fourth embodiment of the invention once again in a comparative juxtaposition. The illustration for A) on the left-hand side shows the second embodiment of the invention. The transmission element 8 has a first supporting surface 9 designed as a concave cylinder shell section surface and a second supporting surface 12 designed as a convex cylinder shell section surface. Accordingly, the first operative surface 11 of the piston 1 is designed as a concave cylinder shell section surface. The fourth embodiment of the invention is illustrated on the right-hand side at B). The transmission element 8 has a flat first supporting surface 9 and a second supporting surface 12 designed as a spherical surface section or spherical surface segment. The first operative surface 11 of the piston 1 is accordingly designed as a ball socket.

[0061] If, in the present patent claims or in the present description, the discussion with regard to surfaces or radii is that one surface corresponds to another, that one surface is complementary to another surface, or that one radius corresponds to another radius, this does not inevitably mean that the surfaces or radii have to be formed exactly identically. In order to obtain a good contact surface and to avoid what are referred to as edge supports occurring (i.e. arrangements in which only partial regions of the contact surfaces bear the loads), the second supporting surface radius 19, for example, is always intended to be somewhat smaller than the first operative surface radius 22 on the piston 1. For the same reason, the first supporting surface radius 9, for example, on the transmission element 8 is always intended to be somewhat larger than the radius 17 of the cylindrical surface 10 or the radius of the outer shell surface 24 of the outer ring 25 of the rolling contact bearing 26.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

[0062] 1 Piston [0063] 2 Cylinder bore [0064] 3 Center line of the cylinder bore [0065] 4 Drive shaft [0066] 5 Axis of rotation of the drive shaft [0067] 6 Eccentric [0068] 7 Center point of the eccentric [0069] 8 Transmission element [0070] 9 First supporting surface of the transmission element [0071] 10 Cylindrical surface [0072] 11 First operative surface of the piston [0073] 12 Second supporting surface of the transmission element [0074] 13 Piston guide ring [0075] 14 Inner shell surface of the piston guide ring [0076] 15 Second operative surface of the piston [0077] 16 First supporting surface radius [0078] 17 Radius of the cylindrical surface [0079] 19 Second supporting surface radius [0080] 20 Second operative surface radius [0081] 21 Center point [0082] 22 First operative surface radius [0083] 23 Radius of the inner shell surface of the piston guide ring [0084] 24 Outer shell surface [0085] 25 Outer ring [0086] 26 Rolling contact bearing [0087] 27 Cylinder block [0088] 28 Rolling contact body [0089] 29 Cage [0090] 30 Recess