Urea Co-Crystal of Apixaban, and Preparation Method Therefor

Abstract

A urea co-crystal form A of apixaban, and a preparation method therefor. The urea co-crystal form A has high physical and chemical stability, crystal form stability and drug forming stability, better solubility, and higher bioavailability. The preparation process is good in repeatability, high in yield, green and environment-friendly, and easy to operate, facilitates large-scale production, and allows for preparation of products in different particle size ranges by means of adjustment of parameters, thereby meeting different requirements for formulations.

Claims

1. A urea co-crystal A of the compound shown in formula (I), wherein a molar ratio of apixaban to urea in the co-crystal A is 1:2, ##STR00003##

2-15. (canceled)

16. The urea co-crystal A according to claim 1, wherein an X-ray powder diffraction pattern thereof has characteristic peaks at 2 angles of 7.000.2, 10.760.2, 11.600.2, 19.180.2, 20.000.2, 22.940.2, 23.780.2 and 28.080.2.

17. The urea co-crystal A according to claim 1, wherein the X-ray powder diffraction pattern thereof has characteristic peaks at 2 angles of 7.000.2, 10.760.2, 11.600.2, 12.520.2, 19.180.2, 20.000.2, 22.940.2, 23.780.2, 25.160.2 and 28.080.2.

18. The urea co-crystal A according to claim 1, wherein the X-ray powder diffraction pattern thereof has characteristic peaks at 2 angles of 7.000.2, 10.760.2, 11.600.2, 12.520.2, 13.960.2, 16.720.2, 19.180.2, 20.000.2, 21.180.2, 22.940.2, 23.780.2, 25.160.2, 26.880.2, 28.080.2 and 30.200.2

19. The urea co-crystal A according to claim 1, wherein the urea co-crystal A has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially shown in FIG. 1.

20. The urea co-crystal A according to claim 1, wherein a DSC thermogram thereof has an endothermic peak at 1765 C.

21. The urea co-crystal A according to claim 20, wherein the DSC thermogram thereof is substantially shown in FIG. 2.

22. The urea co-crystal A according to claim 1, wherein a TGA diagram is substantially shown in FIG. 3.

23. The urea co-crystal A according to claim 1, wherein a NMR spectrum thereof is substantially shown in FIG. 4.

24. The urea co-crystal A according to claim 1, wherein the urea co-crystal A is in a form of a pharmaceutical composition optionally comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

25. A preparation method of the urea co-crystal A according to claim 1, comprising: (1) adding the compound apixaban shown in formula (I) and a certain equivalent amount of urea into ethanol or a mixed solvent of ethanol and other solvents, dissolving at reflux under elevated temperature, and then cooling down to room temperature for crystallization for 5-24 h, wherein said other solvents are selected from ketones and esters; (2) filtrating by suction and collecting the obtained solid, drying the same to yield the urea co-crystal A of apixaban.

26. The preparation method of the urea co-crystal A according to claim 25, wherein a molar ratio of apixaban to urea in step (1) is 1:4 to 1:12.

27. The preparation method of the urea co-crystal A according to claim 26, wherein the molar ratio of apixaban to urea in step (1) is 1:6 to 1:10.

28. The preparation method of the urea co-crystal A according to claim 25, wherein a mass to volume ratio of apixaban to the solvent in step (1) is 1:10 to 1:30 (g/ml).

29. The preparation method of the urea co-crystal A according to claim 25, wherein said other solvents in step (1) are selected from acetone, butanone, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate or isopropyl acetate.

30. A method of preventing or treating a disease related to venous thrombosis, comprising administering to the subject in need thereof the urea co-crystal A according to claim 1.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] FIG. 1 is the XRD pattern of the urea co-crystal form A of apixaban.

[0028] FIG. 2 is the DSC thermogram of the urea co-crystal form A of apixaban.

[0029] FIG. 3 is the TGA diagram of the urea co-crystal form A of apixaban.

[0030] FIG. 4 is the .sup.1H-NMR spectrum of the urea co-crystal form A of apixaban.

[0031] FIG. 5 is the molecular structure diagram obtained by single crystal analysis of the urea co-crystal form A of apixaban.

[0032] FIG. 6 is the single crystal cell diagram of the urea co-crystal form A of apixaban.

[0033] FIG. 7 is the comparison chart of the solubilities between the urea co-crystal form A of apixaban and the pharmaceutical crystalline form N1.

[0034] FIG. 8 is the graph of crystalline form results from the stability studies on the urea co-crystal form A of apixaban.

[0035] FIG. 9.1 is the mean drug concentration-time curve of the urea co-crystal form A of apixaban in female murine.

[0036] FIG. 9.2 is the mean drug concentration-time curve of the urea co-crystal form A of apixaban in male murine.

[0037] FIG. 10.1 is the comparison of the dissolution curves between the tablet prepared with the urea co-crystal form A obtained in Example 1 and commercially available product in a medium of pH 1.0.

[0038] FIG. 10.2 is the comparison of the dissolution curves between the tablet prepared with the urea co-crystal form A obtained in Example 1 and commercially available product in a medium of pH 4.5.

EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0039] Hereinafter, the present invention is further described in details by referring to examples, but it is not a limitation to the present invention. Any equivalent substitution in the art made in accordance with the disclosures of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] The abbreviations used in the present application are explained as follows:

[0041] XRD: X-ray Powder Diffraction

[0042] The data of the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) measurement described in the present application was collected with DX-2700B powder diffractometer (Haoyuan Instrument, Dandong, Liaoning), with the specific parameters shown in the table below:

TABLE-US-00001 Reflection Parameters X-ray reflection parameters Cu, K K1: 1.540598; K2: 1.544426 Intensity ratio of K2/K1: 0.50 Voltage 40 kV Current 30 mA Scan range (2) 3.0 to 40.0 degrees Bragg angle (2) 0.020 degrees DSC: Differential Scanning Calorimeter

[0043] The data of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement described in the present application was collected with METTLER TOLEDO model DSC-1, with a heating rate of 10 C./min, a temperature range of 25-250 C., and a nitrogen purge rate of 60 mL/min during the test.

[0044] TGA: Thermogravimetric Analyzer

[0045] The data of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurement described in the present application was collected with METTLER TOLEDO model TGA-2, with a heating rate of 10 C./min, a temperature range of 30-300 C., and a nitrogen purge rate of 20 mL/min during the test.

[0046] LC/MS/MS Biological Sample Analysis

[0047] The LC/MS/MS biological sample analysis described in the present application refers to the analysis of biological sample performed by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, which has high sensitivity and high selectivity and wide applicability for analysis of mixtures, and is capable of rapid and reliable quantitative or qualitative analysis of trace compound in complex biological matrix. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (mass spectrometer) involved in the present invention is AB Sciex Triple Quad 4500.

[0048] X-Ray Single Crystal Diffractometer

[0049] The measurement of the single crystal diffraction data described in the present application was collected with Rigaku XtaL AB-PRO single crystal X-ray diffractometer, with the specific parameters shown in the table below:

TABLE-US-00002 Radiation MoK( = 0.71073) 2 range for data collection/ 5.774 to 52.744 Index ranges 16 h 15, 10 k 11, 29 l 32 Reflections collected 15245 Independent reflections 6274[R.sub.int = 0.0659, R.sub.sigma = 0.1384] Data/restraints/parameters 6274/1/394 Goodness-of-fit on F.sup.2 1.038 Final R indexes [I >= 2 (I)] R.sub.1 = 0.1177, wR.sub.2 = 0.3198 Final R indexes [all data] R.sub.1 = 0.2541, wR.sub.2 = 0.4131 Largest diff. peak/hole/e .sup.3 1.45/0.30

EXAMPLES

Example 1: Preparation of the Urea Co-Crystal A

[0050] 2.3 g of Apixaban and 1.8 g of urea (6.0 eq) were weighed and added into 46.0 ml of a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate: ethanol (4:3), dissolved at reflux under elevated temperature, and then cooled down to room temperature and stirred for 18 h for crystallization. The obtained solid was collected and dried to obtain 2.75 g of nearly white urea co-crystal A of apixaban with a yield of 94.8% and a purity of 99.93%. The XRD pattern was shown in FIG. 1, the DSC thermogram was shown in FIG. 2, the TGA diagram was shown in FIG. 3, and the nuclear magnetic .sup.1H-NMR spectrum was shown in FIG. 4. The report of find peaks for characteristic peak was shown in the table below:

TABLE-US-00003 2 theta/ d-interval/ area/% 7.00 12.62 30.6 10.76 8.22 7.0 11.60 7.62 7.8 12.52 7.06 4.4 13.96 6.34 62.8 16.72 5.30 45.1 17.20 5.15 13.5 18.04 4.91 8.1 18.46 4.80 20.7 19.18 4.62 100.0 20.00 4.44 29.3 20.28 4.38 27.5 21.18 4.19 47.3 22.94 3.87 48.6 23.26 3.82 45.6 23.78 3.74 54.9 25.16 3.54 16.4 26.29 3.39 1.5 26.88 3.31 16.0 27.38 3.25 3.5 28.08 3.18 49.7 28.72 3.11 3.0 29.08 3.07 7.8 29.64 3.01 4.5 30.20 2.96 15.4 31.64 2.83 18.6 33.56 2.67 6.0 35.12 2.55 3.8 36.50 2.46 0.5 37.26 2.41 5.0

Example 2: Preparation of the Urea Co-Crystal A

[0051] 2.3 g of Apixaban and 2.4 g of urea (8.0 eq) were weighed and added into 35.0 ml of a mixed solvent of methyl acetate: ethanol (4:3), dissolved at reflux under elevated temperature, and then cooled down to room temperature and stirred for 16 h for crystallization. The obtained solid was collected and dried to obtain 2.76 g of nearly white urea co-crystal A of apixaban with a yield of 95.2% and a purity of 99.91%. The XRD spectrum was consistent with that in FIG. 1.

Example 3: Preparation of the Urea Co-Crystal A

[0052] 2.3 g of Apixaban and 3.0 g of urea (10.0 eq) were weighed and added into 58.0 ml of a mixed solvent of isopropyl acetate: ethanol (4:3), dissolved under elevated temperature, and then cooled down to room temperature and stirred for 24 h for crystallization. The obtained solid was collected and dried to obtain 2.80 g of nearly white urea co-crystal A of apixaban with a yield of 96.5% and a purity of 99.93%. The XRD spectrum was consistent with that in FIG. 1.

Example 4: Preparation of the Urea Co-Crystal A

[0053] 2.3 g of Apixaban and 3.6 g of urea (12.0 eq) were weighed and added into 69.0 ml of a mixed solvent of acetone: ethanol (4:3), dissolved at reflux under elevated temperature, and then cooled down to room temperature and stirred for 18 h for crystallization. The obtained solid was collected and dried to obtained 2.82 g of nearly white urea co-crystal A of apixaban with a yield of 97.2% and a purity of 99.92%. The XRD spectrum was consistent with that in FIG. 1.

Example 5: Preparation of the Urea Co-Crystal A

[0054] 2.3 g of Apixaban and 2.4 g of urea (8.0 eq) were weighed and added into 35.0 ml of a mixed solvent of acetone: ethanol (4:3), dissolved at reflux under elevated temperature, and then cooled down to room temperature and stirred for 5 h for crystallization. The obtained solid was collected and dried to obtain 2.79 g of nearly white urea co-crystal A of apixaban with a yield of 96.2% and a purity of 99.93%. The XRD spectrum was consistent with that in FIG. 1.

Example 6: Preparation of the Urea Co-Crystal A

[0055] 2.3 g of Apixaban and 1.2 g of urea (4.0 eq) were weighed and added into 23.0 ml of a mixed solvent of butanone: ethanol (4:3), dissolved at reflux under elevated temperature, and then cooled down to room temperature and stirred for 18 h for crystallization. The obtained solid was collected and dried to obtain 2.55 g of nearly white urea co-crystal A of apixaban with a yield of 87.9% and a purity of 99.91%. The XRD spectrum was consistent with that in FIG. 1.

Example 7: Preparation of the Urea Co-Crystal A

[0056] 2.3 g of Apixaban and 2.4 g of urea (8.0 eq) were weighed and added into 35.0 ml of a mixed solvent of acetone: ethanol (1:3), dissolved at reflux under elevated temperature, and then cooled down to room temperature and stirred for 18 h for crystallization. The obtained solid was collected and dried to obtain 2.85 g of nearly white urea co-crystal A of apixaban with a yield of 98.28% and a purity of 99.92%. The XRD spectrum was consistent with that in FIG. 1.

Example 8: Growth of the Single Crystal of the Urea Co-Crystal a and Single-Crystal Diffraction

[0057] The inventors directly obtained the single crystal sample with large particle size and regular shape by developing crystallization process in acetone/ethanol system, and the single crystal sample was analyzed by single crystal diffraction. The obtained single crystal data were shown in Table 1, the molecular structure diagram of single crystal analysis was shown in FIG. 5, and the single crystal cell diagram was shown in FIG. 6.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 1 Single crystal data of the urea co-crystal A Table 1. Crystal data and structure refinement for co-crystal A Empirical formula C.sub.27H.sub.33N.sub.9O.sub.6 Formula weight 579.62 Temperature/K 293.15 Crystal system monoclinic Space group P2.sub.1/c a/ 12.8739(17) b/ 9.4322(10) c/ 25.691(2) / 90 / 99.871(10) / 90 Volume/.sup.3 3073.5(6) Z 4 .sub.calcg/cm.sup.3 1.253 /mm.sup.1 0.091 F(000) 1224.0 Crystal size/mm.sup.3 0.35 0.3 0.25 Radiation MoK( = 0.71073) 2 range for data collection/ 5.774 to 52.744 Index ranges 16 h 15, 10 k 11, 29 l 32 Reflections collected 15245 Independent reflections 6274[R.sub.int = 0.0659, R.sub.sigma = 0.1384] Data/restraints/parameters 6274/1/394 Goodness-of-fit on F.sup.2 1.038 Final R indexes [I >= 2 (I)] R.sub.1 = 0.1177, wR.sub.2 = 0.3198 Final R indexes [all data] R.sub.1 = 0.2541, wR.sub.2 = 0.4131 Largest diff. peak/hole/e .sup.3 1.45/0.30

Test Example 1: Solubility Study Test on the Urea Co-Crystal A

[0058] In order to study the differences in solubilities between the urea co-crystal A prepared in Example 1 of the present invention and the pharmaceutical crystal form N1 purchased from Srini Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd. The equilibrium solubilities (saturated solutions) of the urea co-crystal A prepared in Example 1 and the pharmaceutical crystal form N1 were measured by external standard method in hydrochloric acid at pH=1.0 (0.1N), pure water and phosphate buffer solution at pH=6.8 at 25 C. and 37 C. in the present invention. The results were shown in Table 2 below.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 2 Solubility test Medium Temperature Crystal Form Solubility pH 1.0 25 C. N-1 31.41 g/ml Co-crystal A 48.62 g/ml 37 C. N-1 38.43 g/ml Co-crystal A 57.33 g/ml pH 6.8 25 C. N-1 22.09 g/ml Co-crystal A 37.22 g/ml 37 C. N-1 29.36 g/ml Co-crystal A 42.74 g/ml Pure water 25 C. N-1 36.66 g/ml Co-crystal A 55.78 g/ml 37 C. N-1 49.25 g/ml Co-crystal A 67.98 g/ml

[0059] The results of solubility test showed that the urea co-crystal A had significant advantages over pharmaceutical crystal form N1 in terms of equilibrium solubilities at 25 C./37 C. in three media of pure water, pH 1.0 and pH 6.8. The solubilities of the urea co-crystal A in each medium and at each temperature was about 1.5 times of that of N1, and the solubilities were thus significantly improved.

Test Example 2: Stability Study Test on the Urea Co-Crystal A

[0060] In order to study the storage stability of the urea co-crystal A prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, the obtained sample was placed under high temperature and light irradiation to study the influence factors, and the sample was placed under 252 C. and 605% RH to perform the long-term stability test, and placed under 40 C.2 C. and 755% RH to perform the accelerated stability test, and the results were shown in Table 3 below.

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 3 Stability test Storage Packaging Storage Crystalline Purity Condition Mode Time Form Results % High Inner bag of PE + Start Co-crystal A 99.93 Temperature Outer aluminum 1 month Unchanged 99.92 (60 C.) plastic bag Light Irradiation Inner bag of PE + Start Co-crystal A 99.93 Outer aluminum 1 month Unchanged 99.93 plastic bag 25 2 C. Inner bag of PE + Start Co-crystal A 99.93 60 5% RH Outer aluminum 1 month Unchanged / plastic bag 2 months Unchanged / 3 months Unchanged / 6 months Unchanged 99.92 40 2 C. Inner bag of PE + Start Co-crystal A 99.93 75 5% RH Outer aluminum 1 month Unchanged / plastic bag 2 months Unchanged / 3 months Unchanged / 6 months Unchanged 99.92

[0061] The results of stability test showed that the urea co-crystal A had good crystalline form stability under all study conditions.

Test Example 3: In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Test in Rat

[0062] 1. Test Purpose

[0063] To study the plasma concentration level and pharmacokinetic characteristics of apixaban after a single oral administration of original pharmaceutical crystalline form N1 of apixaban, the urea co-crystal A of apixaban and the urea co-crystal IV of apixaban from HEC Pharm Co., Ltd to rats.

[0064] 2. Materials and Methods

[0065] 2.1. Test Drugs

[0066] Apixaban pharmaceutical crystalline form N1, provided by Srini Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd, nearly white solid, lot number Y20071, purity: 99.94%; The urea co-crystal A of apixaban, provided by the Crystalline Form Research Department of Chengdu Easton Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, nearly white solid, purity: 99.93%.

[0067] The urea co-crystal IV of apixaban from HEC Pharm Co., Ltd, provided by the Crystalline Form Research Department of Chengdu Easton Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, prepared according to Example 5 of patent CN106986868B, nearly white solid, purity: 99.93%.

[0068] 2.2. Test Animals

[0069] 18 SD rats with 9 male rats and 9 female rats, weighing 220-240 g, purchased by Chengdu Ensiweier Biotechnology Co., Ltd. from Hunan SJA Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd, License: SCXK (Xiang) 2019-0004.

[0070] 2.3. Test Method

[0071] After the test drugs were prepared into 1.25 mg/kg uniform suspensions with corn oil, they were immediately administered orally to rats at 4 mL/kg, and 0.1 mL of blood was sampled from the jugular vein before the administration and 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 5 h, 6 h, 7 h, 8 h and 24 h after the administration, placed in EDTA-K2 tubes and centrifuged at 3000 r/min for 10 min. The plasma was separated and stored by freezing at 80 C. in refrigerator.

[0072] 2.4. LC/MS/MS Biological Sample Analysis

[0073] 50 L of plasma was taken and evenly mixed with 5 L of working solution or blank diluent, 150 L of the internal-standard acetonitrile-containing precipitant was added thereto, which was shaken with vortex for 2 min, and centrifuged at 12000 r/min for 10 min. 2 L of Supernatant was taken and mixed with 200 L of pure water: acetonitrile (1:1), and then the resultant sample was injected with a volume of 3 L for analysis.

[0074] 2.5. Test Results

[0075] Apixaban pharmaceutical crystalline form N1, the urea co-crystal A and the urea co-crystal IV from HEC Pharm Co., Ltd were tested using animal experiments, i.e. the average concentration (ng mL.sup.1) of API in the plasma of female and male rats were tested at different times after single oral administration, and the average drug concentration-time curves in plasma of female and male rats after single oral administration were plotted and shown in FIG. 9.1 and FIG. 9.2, and the main pharmacokinetic parameters thereof were shown in the table below:

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 4 Main pharmacokinetic parameters of female rats after single oral administration The urea co-crystal Crystalline The urea IV from HEC Pharm Parameters form N-1 co-crystal A Co., Ltd T.sub.1/2 (h) 6.83 4.49 0.10 6.55 2.37 T.sub.max (h) 5.83 3.75 1.08 0.72 1.00 0.87 C.sub.max 2570 999 4653 763 2563 985 (ng .Math. mL.sup.1) AUC.sub.last 27787 13050 33636 8113 23201 8105 (h .Math. ng .Math. mL.sup.1) Cl_F_obs 0.56 0.30 0.08 0.43 0.15 (mL/hr/kg) MRT (h) 7.37 1.79 5.55 0.61 6.29 0.87

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 5 Main pharmacokinetic parameters of male rats after single oral administration The urea co-crystal Crystalline The urea IV from HEC Pharm Parameters form N-1 co-crystal A Co., Ltd T.sub.1/2 (h) 5.05 1.43 5.53 2.98 5.16 1.14 T.sub.max (h) 1.00 0.87 1.00 0.00 1.08 0.88 C.sub.max 4093 3253 7970 4475 4193 862 (ng .Math. mL.sup.1) AUC.sub.last 19764 13974 25567 14447 17052 6085 (h .Math. ng .Math. mL.sup.1) Cl_F_obs 0.64 0.32 0.45 0.20 0.58 0.27 (mL/hr/kg) MRT (h) 4.78 0.75 4.16 0.41 3.86 0.07

[0076] Animal experiments showed that: 1. for female rats, the bioavailability of co-crystal A increased by 21% compared with the crystalline form N1 of original research, and increased by 44.98% compared with the urea co-crystal IV from HEC Pharm Co., Ltd; 2. for male rats, the bioavailability of co-crystal A increased by 29.36% compared with the crystal form N1 of original research, and increased by 49.94% compared with the urea co-crystal IV from HEC Pharm Co., Ltd. To summarize, it can be seen that the bioavailability of the urea co-crystal A obtained in the present invention was significantly improved compared with the pharmaceutical crystalline form N1 and the urea co-crystal IV.

Test Example 4: Dissolution Test of Preparations of the Urea Co-Crystal a and the Crystalline Form N1

[0077] Formulation process: In accordance with the tablet formulation provided in Table 3 of DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION in the original preparation patent CN109602713A, a tablet composition of apixaban of a specification of 5 mg was prepared and obtained by dry granulation method with the urea co-crystal A of apixaban as raw material.

[0078] Commercially available product: ELIQUIS from Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 mg. The sample of the urea co-crystal A obtained in Example 1 was pressed via the preparation formulation process, and compared with the commercially available product to study the dissolution curves in media of pH 1.0 and pH 4.5. The data were shown in FIGS. 10.1 and 10.2, which showed that the dissolution behavior of the preparation product of the obtained urea co-crystal A was consistent with that of the commercially available product.

[0079] It can be seen from the above Test Examples that, compared with the pharmaceutical crystalline form N1, the urea co-crystal A of apixaban provided by the present invention has the advantages of better dissolution performance, good crystalline form stability and physicochemical stability, significantly improved bioavailability, and the consistent dissolution effect with the commercially available product in various media.

[0080] It is obvious for the person of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the compound of the present application and the preparation method thereof without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application covers every modification and variation made to the present application, provided that the modification or variation is within the scope covered by the claims and the equivalent embodiments thereof.