BURST DRUG RELEASE COMPOSITIONS

Abstract

A solid dose composition comprising at least one pharmaceutically active ingredient and at least one controlled release agent and method of manufacturing said composition is disclosed. The burst profile of at least one pharmaceutically active ingredient in the composition is regulated by the apparent viscosity of the controlled release agent and wherein at least one pharmaceutically active ingredient is processed by wet granulation.

Claims

1. A solid dose composition comprising ibuprofen, wherein the composition consists of two layers: an extended release layer and an immediate release layer, and optionally a coating; wherein the immediate release layer consists essentially of about 200 mg of ibuprofen, croscarmellose sodium as a disintegration agent, more than one starch, one or more lubricant and one or more glidant; wherein the extended release layer consists essentially of a blend of (i) a preblend consisting of k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and colloidal silicon dioxide; (ii) a milled wet granulation consisting of about 400 mg of ibuprofen, k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and microcrystalline cellulose; and (iii) stearic acid; wherein the k grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is between 20%-25% of the extended release layer; wherein both the immediate release layer and extended release layer are separately prepared using wet granulation; wherein said wet granulation is performed in a liquid consisting of water; wherein the immediate release layer and extended release layer have been sequentially added to a tablet mold, pressed into a tablet and then optionally coated.

2. A method of manufacturing a solid dose composition comprising ibuprofen, wherein the composition consists of two layers: an extended release layer and an immediate release layer, and optionally a coating; wherein the immediate release layer consists essentially of about 200 mg of ibuprofen, croscarmellose sodium as a disintegration agent, more than one starch, one or more lubricant and one or more glidant; wherein the extended release layer consists essentially of a blend of (i) a preblend consisting of k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and colloidal silicon dioxide; (ii) a milled wet granulation consisting of about 400 mg of ibuprofen, k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and microcrystalline cellulose; and (iii) stearic acid; wherein the k grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is between 20%-25% of the extended release layer; wherein both the immediate release layer and extended release layer are separately prepared using wet granulation; wherein said wet granulation is performed in a liquid consisting of water; wherein the immediate release layer and extended release layer are sequentially added to a tablet mold, pressed into a tablet and then optionally coated.

3. A solid dose composition comprising ibuprofen, wherein the composition consists of two layers: an extended release layer and an immediate release layer, and optionally a coating; wherein the immediate release layer consists of about 200 mg of ibuprofen, croscarmellose sodium as a disintegration agent, more than one starch, one or more lubricant and one or more glidant; wherein the extended release layer consists essentially of a blend of (i) a preblend consisting of k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and colloidal silicon dioxide; (ii) a milled wet granulation consisting of about 400 mg of ibuprofen, k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and microcrystalline cellulose; and (iii) stearic acid; wherein the k grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is between 20%-25% of the extended release layer; wherein both the immediate release layer and extended release layer are separately prepared using wet granulation; wherein said wet granulation is performed in a liquid consisting of water; wherein the immediate release layer and extended release layer have been sequentially added to a tablet mold, pressed into a tablet and then optionally coated. wherein both the immediate release layer and extended release layer are separately prepared using wet granulation performed in a liquid consisting of water.

4. A method of manufacturing a solid dose composition comprising ibuprofen, wherein the composition consists of two layers: an extended release layer and an immediate release layer, and optionally a coating; wherein the immediate release layer consists essentially of about 200 mg of ibuprofen, croscarmellose sodium as a disintegration agent, more than one starch, one or more lubricant and one or more glidant; wherein the extended release layer consists of a blend of (i) a preblend consisting of k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and colloidal silicon dioxide; (ii) a milled wet granulation consisting of about 400 mg of ibuprofen, k100LV grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and microcrystalline cellulose; and (iii) stearic acid; wherein the k grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is between 20%-25% of the extended release layer; wherein both the immediate release layer and extended release layer are separately prepared using wet granulation; wherein said wet granulation is performed in a liquid consisting of water; wherein the immediate release layer and extended release layer are sequentially added to a tablet mold, pressed into a tablet and then optionally coated.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] FIG. 1: Summary of results comparing API release and composition apparent viscosity in compositions processed with wet granulation, roller compaction and direct compression processes;

[0016] FIG. 2: Composition Comparison using Premix Batch A;

[0017] FIG. 3: Composition Comparison using Premix Batch B;

[0018] FIG. 4: Composition Comparison using Premix Batch C;

[0019] FIG. 5: Composition Comparison using Premix Batch D;

[0020] FIG. 6: Composition Comparison using Premix Batch E;

[0021] FIG. 7: Composition Comparison using Premix Batch F;

[0022] FIG. 8: Composition Comparison using Premix Batch G;

[0023] FIG. 9: Composition Comparison using Premix Batch H;

[0024] FIG. 10: Roller Compaction Series 1; and

[0025] FIG. 11: Wet Granulation Series 1.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND EXAMPLES

[0026] One specific observation and advantage of the inventions disclosed herein is that the process of wet granulation of the mix of pharmaceutically active ingredients plus controlled release agents gave surprising results in solid formulations with respect to the burst characteristics of pharmaceutically active ingredients at certain viscosities. Specifically, higher viscosity formulations where the mix of pharmaceutically active ingredients plus controlled release agents were processed using wet granulation had consistently faster burst rates.

[0027] Conversely, another specific observation and advantage of the inventions disclosed herein is that the processes of direct compression and roller compaction showed similar characteristics to each other with respect to burst characteristics of pharmaceutically active ingredients at certain viscosities. Specifically, higher viscosity formulations where the mix of pharmaceutically active ingredients plus controlled release agents were processed using direct compression and roller compaction had consistently slower burst rates than those processed using wet granulation.

[0028] The invention will allow the formulation of pharmaceuticals wherein release profiles can be adjusted to create compositions with both Immediate Release (IR) and Extended Release (ER) characteristics. As a preferred embodiment, with respect to pain management products, a critical need is to have an initial dose released up front to provide analgesia along with efficacious blood levels for sustained time periods. Compositions, exemplified herein, offer such advantageous characteristics.

[0029] A further advantage to the compositions embodied by this invention is that IR/ER formulations can be created in a single, monolithic design. Contrary to commonly used multilayer approaches to IR/ER formulations, monolithic prototypes have significant advantages from a manufacturing perspective. The tablet/capsule press can be run faster as the compression events that are occurring are less complicated. Additionally, with tablet presses that are double sided, production rates can be doubled. Also, tablet specifications are more straight forward as you are only dealing with a single layer. As such, there is less concern with layers sticking to one another as can occur with bilayers. Further, bilayer tablets may have higher friability.

[0030] With regard to active ingredients, the preferred embodiment includes NSAIDs present in an analgesia-inducing or pain-alleviating amounts. Of the cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitors useful in the practice of the present invention, including those that are mentioned as being preferred, ibuprofen may be present in the claimed compositions in amounts ranging from about 50 to about 800 mg. Preferably it is present in amounts ranging from about 200 to about 600 mg. Most preferably, it is present in an amount of about 600 mg. The terms effective amount or therapeutically effective amount of an active agent as provided herein is defined as an amount of the agent at least sufficient to provide the desired therapeutic effect. As noted above, the present invention is based on the discovery that the effective dose of a decongestant and/or antihistamine can be reduced if administered with a normal dose of a NSAID. The exact amount required will vary from subject to subject, depending on age, general condition of the subject, the severity of the condition being treated, and the particular active agent administered, and the like.

[0031] The term normal approved dose of an active agent as provided herein is defined as an amount of the agent that has been approved as safe and effective by the United States Food and Drug Administration for administration in humans in a particular dosage form. An approved dose is thus a dose found in a pharmaceutical product, an amount of active agent per unit dosage form. In the present invention, reference to a ratio of approved doses means doses approved for the same patient population (e.g., adult to adult or pediatric to pediatric), and approved for the same dosage form (e.g., elixir, tablet, capsule, caplet, controlled release, etc.).

[0032] In the practice of the invention, one of ordinary skill in the art can take an approved dosage form of any over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription decongestant and/or antihistamine, reduce it by, e.g., 25% to 50% or more, and co-administer it with an approved amount (dose) of a NSAID to achieve effective relief of rhinitis with reduced side effects. In one embodiment, the present invention contemplates the use of less than or equal to about 75% and more that 1% of an amount present in an approved dose of one or more of the decongestant, antitussitive or the antihistamine, relative to an amount of the NSAID corresponding to about 100% of the amount present in a normal strength dosage form of the NSAID. An alternate range is from about 10% to about 65%. Another range is from about 30% to about 55%. Ranges from about 35% to about 50% are also possible.

[0033] The present invention contemplates compositions comprising either a single or multiple pharmaceutically active ingredients (i.e., decongestant, antihistamine and NSAID).

[0034] The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) for use in the pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use of the present invention may be selected from any of the following categories:

[0035] (1) The propionic acid derivatives;

[0036] (2) the acetic acid derivatives;

[0037] (3) The fenamic acid derivatives

[0038] (4) The biphenylcarboxylic acid derivatives;

[0039] (5) The oxicams, and

[0040] (6) Cox-2 inhibitors

[0041] Accordingly, the term NSAID as used herein is intended to mean any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound, including the pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic salts thereof, falling within one of the six structural categories above.

[0042] The specific compounds falling within the foregoing definition of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for use in the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art and reference may be found in various literature reference sources for their chemical structures, pharmacological activities, side effects, normal dosage ranges, etc. See, for example, Physician's Desk Reference, and The Merek Index.

[0043] Of the propionic acid derivatives for use herein, ibuprofen, naxproxen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, ketoprofen, suprofen, fenbufen, and fluprofen are specifically contemplated. Of the acetic acid derivatives, exemplary compounds include tolmetin sodium, zomepirac, sulindac and indomethacin. Of the fenamic acid derivatives, exemplary compounds include mefenamic acid and meclofenamate sodium. Exemplary biphenylcarboxlic acid derivatives for use in the present invention include diflunisal and flufenisal. Exemplary oxicams include piroxicam, sudoxicam and isoxicam. Exemplary Cox-2 inhibitors include celecoxib, rofecoxib, meloxicam, and nimesulide. Of the foregoing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, in the practice of the exemplified embodiments of the present invention, ibuprofen is exemplified.

[0044] With respect to the dosage amount of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the compositions of the invention, although the specific dose will vary depending upon the age and weight of the patient, the severity of the symptoms, the incidence of side effects and the like, for humans, typical effective analgesic amounts of NSAID's are about 200-1000 mg diflunisal, about 50-200 mg zomepirac sodium, about 100-800 mg ibuprofen, more preferably 600 mg ibuprofen, about 250-1000 mg naproxen, about 50-200 mg flurbiprofen, about 100-400 mg fenoprogen, about 20-40 mg piroxicam, about 250-500 mg mefanaic acid, about 200-800 mg fenbufen or about 50-100 mg ketoprofen; however, greater or lesser amounts may be employed if desired or necessary.

[0045] The term antihistamine, used in connection with treating nasal symptoms associated with allergy or cold, generally refers to histamine H.sub.1 receptor antagonists. Numerous chemical substances are known to have histamine H.sub.1 receptor antagonist activity. Many useful compounds can be classified as ethanolamines, ethylenediamines, alkylamines, phenothiazines or piperidines. Representative H.sub.1 receptor antagonists, include, without limitation: astemizole, azatadine, azelastine, acrivastine, brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine, cyclizine, carebastine, cyproheptadine, carbinoxamine, descarboethoxyloratadine (also known as SCH-34117), desloratadine doxylamine, dimethindene, ebastine, epinastine, efletirizine, fexofenadine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, loratadine, levocabastine, mizolastine, mequitazine, mianserin, noberastine, meclizine, norastemizole, picumast, pyrilamine, promethazine, terfenadine, tripelennamine, temelastine, trimeprazine and triprolidine. Other compounds can readily be evaluated to determine activity at H.sub.1 receptors by known methods, including specific blockade of the contractile response to histamine of isolated guinea pig ileum.

[0046] Chlorpheniramine is specifically contemplated herein. The usual adult dosage of chlorpheniramine is 4 mg orally every 4-6 hours as needed, up to a maximum of 24 mg per day. The usual pediatric dosage of chlorpheniramine is 2 mg orally every 4-6 hours, up to a maximum of 12 mg per day. The preferred salt is chlorpheniramine maleate. In accordance with the present invention, the usual adult dosage is thus reduced to 3 mg, or further to 2 mg, orally every 4-6 hours as needed, up to a maximum of 12-18 mg per day. Similarly, in an embodiment of the invention, the pediatric dosage is 1.5 mg, or 1 mg, orally every 4-6 hours, up to a maximum of 6-9 mg per day. In a further embodiment, the invention permits combining a pediatric dosage of chlorpheniramine with an adult dosage of an NSAID, such as ibuprofen.

[0047] The decongestants for use in the pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use of the present invention include, but are not limited to, pseudoephedrine, phenylephedrine, phenylpropanolamine. One of skill in the art would know of many other appropriate decongestants and their approved dosages.

[0048] Pseudoephedrine and phenylephedrine are specifically contemplated herein. The usual adult dose of pseudoephedrine is 60 mg every 4-6 hours, up to a maximum of 240 mg per day. The usual pediatric dose of pseudoephedrine is 15 mg every 6 hours, up to a maximum of 60 mg per day for ages 2-5 and 30 mg every 6 hours, up to a maximum of 120 mg per day for ages 6-12. Thus, in specific embodiments of the practice of the present invention, the adult dose can be reduced to 45 or 30 mg every 4-6 hours, with a maximum of 120 to 180 mg per day, and the pediatric dose can be reduced to about 11 or 7.5 mg every 6 hours, up to a maximum of 30-45 mg per day. From the foregoing it is apparent that the invention contemplates administering a double pediatric dose with a normal adult dose of an NSAID to an adult.

[0049] Anti-tussitives act on the brain to suppress the cough reflex. Such cough suppressants are used to relieve dry persistent coughs. The most commonly used drugs are dextromethorphan (an NMDA receptor antagonist), codeine and pholcodine (which are opioids. However, one skilled in the art would understand that there are many other well known and common anti-tussitives that may be used. The present invention is optionally direct to the use of anti-tussitives. The anti-tussitive may be used in amounts of less than or equal to 75% of the approved approved dosage.

[0050] Compositions of the invention are formulated in a solid single dosage form such as tablets, capsules, sachets, trochets and the like. Solid compounds will typically be administered orally.

[0051] Exemplary compositions of the present invention are directed to solid dosage forms such as bulk powders, tablets, caplets, pellets, capsules, sachets, granules, and any other dosage form suitable for oral administration. For purposes of this specification and the accompanying claims, the term tablet refers equally to a tablet, a caplet or any other solid dosage form which is suitable for oral administration.

[0052] Also contemplated are the inclusion of one or more non-pharmaceutically active excipients in the compositions of the present invention. These include, but are not limited to, controlled release agents, diluents, binders, disintegrants, surface active agents, glidants, lubricants, colorants, coating substances, surfactants and many other raw materials that impart different properties to the final solid dosage product.

[0053] Controlled release agents are commonly included as excipients in pharmaceutical formulations. Such sustained release agents, preferably a substituted cellulose derivative, such as hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) facilitate the delayed release of the pharmaceutically active ingredients from the formulation such that the formulation can be administered to a patient less often, such as once daily. It is preferably present in an amount that allows for the formation of a gel matrix from which the active ingredient is gradually released. In addition, composition contemplated herein may comprise further sustained release agents, preferably those that swell upon contact with water such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, other cellulose ethers and esters like methylcellulose, methylethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, starch, pregelatinized starch, polymethacrylate, polyvinylacetate, microcrystalline cellulose, dextrans or mixtures thereof. Generally, controlled release agents are present in an amount from about 0.5% to about 50% of the weight of the final composition and more specifically from about 10% to about 30% of the weight of the final composition.

[0054] Binders are agents used to impart cohesive qualities to the powdered material. Binders impart cohesiveness to the tablet formulation which insures the tablet remaining intact after compression, as well as improving the free-flowing qualities by the formulation of granules of desired hardness and size. Suitable binder materials include, but are not limited to, starch (including corn starch and pregelatinzed starch), gelatin, sugars (including sucrose, glucose, dextrose, lactose and sorbitol), polyethylene glycol, waxes, natural and synthetic gums, e.g., acacia, tragacanth, sodium alginate, celluloses such as Microcrystalline Cellulose and synthetic polymers such as polymethacrylates and polyvinylpyrrolidone.

[0055] Lubricants have a number of functions in tablet manufacture. They prevent adhesion of the tablet material to the surface of the dies and punches, reduce interparticle friction, facilitate the ejection of the tablets from the die cavity and may improve the rate of flow of the tablet granulation. Examples of suitable lubricants include, but are not limited to, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, stearic acid, glyceryl behenate, talc, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium stearyl fumarate, polyethylene glycol or mixtures thereof. Generally, the lubricant is present in an amount from about 0.25% to about 5% of the weight of the final composition and more specifically from about 0.5 to about 1.5% of the weight of the final composition.

[0056] A disintegrant is a substance, or a mixture of substances, added to a tablet to facilitate its breakup or disintegration after administration. Materials serving as disintegrants have been classified chemically as starches, clay, celluloses, aligns, gums and cross-linked polymers. Examples of suitable disintegrants include, but are not limited to, crosscarmelose sodium, sodium starch glycolate, starch, magnesium aluminum silicate, colloidal silicon dioxide, methylcellulose, agar, bentonite, alginic acid, guar gum, citrus pulp, carboxymethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, or mixtures thereof. Generally, the disintegrant is present in an amount from 0% to about 30% of the weight of the final composition and more specifically from about 0% to about 15% of the weight of the final composition.

[0057] Glidants are substances which improve the flow characteristics of a powder mixture. Examples of glidants include, but are not limited to colloidal silicon dioxide, talc or mixtures thereof. Generally, the glidant is present in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 10% of the weight of the final composition and more specifically from 5 about 0.1% to about 5% of the weight of the final composition.

[0058] The adsorbent may be, for example colloidal silicon dioxide, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium silicate or mixtures thereof. Generally, the adsorbent is present in an amount from about 0.05% to about 42% of the weight of the final composition and more specifically from about 0.05% to about 37% of the weight of the final composition.

[0059] If desired, other ingredients, such as diluents, stabilizers and anti-adherents, conventionally used for pharmaceutical formulations may be included in the present formulations. Optional ingredients include coloring and flavoring agents which are well known in the art.

[0060] The pharmaceutical composition described in the present invention may be formulated to release the active ingredients in a sustained release manner. Various formulations are contemplated for dosage forms of these components.

[0061] The invention is further described by means of the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention in any manner.

EXAMPLES

[0062] The following embodiments demonstrate the advantages of the inventions.

[0063] To investigate process effects, small scale lab batches of monolithic prototypes were manufactured by wet granulation (WG), roller compaction (RC), and direct compression (DC). To investigate polymer effects, a matrix of different viscosity grades (K100LV and K4M) and levels of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (20 and 25% HPMC) was evaluated. See Table 1 for the premix preparations used in the specific Examples below.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Premix preparations used in the examples ~Batch Size 4 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Premix Batch A: 20% HPMC (100:0 K100LV:K4M) Ibuprofen USP 90 Grade (BASF) 67.26 600.00 MCC, NF (Avicel pH 102) 12.56 112.00 HPMC, USP K100LV Premium CR 20.18 180.00 HPMC, USP K4M Premium CR 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 100.00 892.00 Premix Batch B: 20% HPMC (67:33 K100LV:K4M) Ibuprofen USP 90 Grade (BASF) 67.26 600.00 MCC, NF (Avicel pH 102) 12.56 112.00 HPMC, USP K100LV Premium CR 13.45 120.00 HPMC, USP K4M Premium CR 6.73 60.00 TOTAL 100.00 892.00 Premix Batch C: 20% HPMC (33:67 K100LV:K4M) Ibuprofen USP 90 Grade (BASF) 67.26 600.00 MCC, NF (Avicel pH 102) 12.56 112.00 HPMC, USP K100LV Premium CR 6.73 60.00 HPMC, USP K4M Premium CR 13.45 120.00 TOTAL 100.00 892.00 Premix Batch D: 20% HPMC (0:100 K100LV:K4M) Ibuprofen USP 90 Grade (BASF) 67.26 600.00 MCC, NF (Avicel pH 102) 12.56 112.00 HPMC, USP K100LV Premium CR 0.00 0.00 HPMC, USP K4M Premium CR 20.18 180 TOTAL 100.00 892.00 Premix Batch E: 25% HPMC (100:0 K100LV:K4M) Ibuprofen USP 90 Grade (BASF) 63.06 600.00 MCC, NF (Avicel pH 102) 11.72 111.50 HPMC, USP K100LV Premium OR 25.22 240.00 HPMC, USP K4M Premium OR 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 100.00 951.50 Premix Batch F: 25% HPMC (67:33 K100LV:K4M) Ibuprofen USP 90 Grade (BASF) 63.06 600.00 MCC, NF (Avicel pH 102) 11.72 111.50 HPMC, USP K100LV Premium CR 16.82 160.00 HPMC, USP K4M Premium CR 8.41 80.00 TOTAL 100.00 951.50 Premix Batch G: 25% HPMC (33:67 K100LV:K4M) Ibuprofen USP 90 Grade (BASF) 63.06 600.00 MCC, NF (Avicel pH 102) 11.72 111.50 HPMC, USP K100LV Premium CR 8.41 80.00 HPMC, USP K4M Premium CR 16.82 160.00 TOTAL 100.00 951.50 Premix Batch H: 25% HPMC (0:100 K100LV:K4M) Ibuprofen USP 90 Grade (BASF) 63.06 600.00 MCC, NF (Avicel pH 102) 11.72 111.50 HPMC, USP K100LV Premium OR 0.00 0.00 HPMC, USP K4M Premium OR 25.22 240 TOTAL 100.00 951.50

[0064] The following compositions were then formulated. The premixes A-H (in Table I) were blended and portions of each premix were distributed to the three manufacturing processes. The direct compression premix was blended with silicon dioxide and stearic acid and compressed (as described below). The roller compaction premixes were granulated and milled on lab scale equipment and then blended with the extragranular silicon dioxide and stearic and compressed. The wet granulation premixes were granulated, dried and milled on lab scale equipment and then blended with the extragranular silicon dioxide and stearic and compressed.

Example 1: Direct Compression Batch A

[0065]

TABLE-US-00002 ~Batch Size 2 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Pre-Mix Blend A 98.67 892.00 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF erosol 200 0.88 8.00 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.00 TOTAL 100.00 904.00

Example 2: Direct Compression Batch B

[0066]

TABLE-US-00003 ~Batch Size 2 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Pre-Mix Blend B 98.67 892.00 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF Aerosil 200 0.88 8.00 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.00 TOTAL 100.00 904.00

Example 3: Direct Compression Batch C

[0067]

TABLE-US-00004 ~Batch Size 2 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Pre-Mix Blend C 98.67 892.00 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF Aerosil 200 0.88 8.00 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.00 TOTAL 100.00 904.00

Example 4: Direct Compression Batch D

[0068]

TABLE-US-00005 ~Batch Size 2 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Pre-Mix Blend D 98.67 892.00 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF Aerosil 200 0.88 8.00 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.00 TOTAL 100.00 904.00

Example 5: Direct Compression Batch E

[0069]

TABLE-US-00006 ~Batch Size 2 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Pre-Mix Blend E 98.67 951.50 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF erosol 200 0.88 8.53 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.27 TOTAL 100.00 964.30

Example 6: Direct Compression Batch F

[0070]

TABLE-US-00007 ~Batch Size 2 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Pre-Mix Blend F 98.67 951.50 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF Aerosil 200 0.88 8.53 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.27 TOTAL 100.00 964.30

Example 7: Direct Compression Batch G

[0071]

TABLE-US-00008 ~Batch Size 2 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Pre-Mix Blend G 98.67 951.50 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF Aerosil 200 0.88 8.53 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.27 TOTAL 100.00 964.30

Example 8: Direct Compression Batch H

[0072]

TABLE-US-00009 ~Batch Size 2 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Pre-Mix Blend H 98.67 951.50 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF erosol 200 0.88 8.53 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.27 TOTAL 100.00 964.30

Example 9: Roller Compaction Batch A

[0073]

TABLE-US-00010 ~Batch Size 0.9 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Milled RC A 98.67 892.00 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF Aerosil 200 0.88 8.00 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.00 TOTAL 100.00 904.00

Example 10: Roller Compaction Batch B

[0074]

TABLE-US-00011 ~Batch Size 0.9 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Milled RC B 98.67 892.00 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF erosol 200 0.88 8.00 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.00 TOTAL 100.00 904.00

Example 11: Roller Compaction Batch C

[0075]

TABLE-US-00012 ~Batch Size 0.9 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Milled RC C 98.67 892.00 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF Aerosil 200 0.88 8.00 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.00 TOTAL 100.00 904.00

Example 12: Roller Compaction Batch D

[0076]

TABLE-US-00013 ~Batch Size 0.9 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Milled RC D 98.67 892.00 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF erosol 200 0.88 8.00 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.00 TOTAL 100.00 904.00

Example 13: Roller Compaction Batch E

[0077]

TABLE-US-00014 ~Batch Size 0.9 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Milled RC E 98.67 951.50 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF Aerosil 200 0.88 8.53 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.27 TOTAL 100.00 964.30

Example 14: Roller Compaction Batch F

[0078]

TABLE-US-00015 ~Batch Size 0.9 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Milled RC F 98.67 951.50 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF Aerosil 200 0.88 8.53 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.27 TOTAL 100.00 964.30

Example 15: Roller Compaction Batch G

[0079]

TABLE-US-00016 ~Batch Size 0.9 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Milled RC G 98.67 951.50 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF erosol 200 0.88 8.53 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.27 TOTAL 100.00 964.30

Example 16: Roller Compaction Batch H

[0080]

TABLE-US-00017 ~Batch Size 0.9 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Milled RC H 98.67 951.50 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF Aerosil 200 0.88 8.53 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.27 TOTAL 100.00 964.30

Example 17: Wet Granulation Batch A

[0081]

TABLE-US-00018 ~Batch Size 1 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Milled WG A 98.67 892.00 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF Aerosil 200 0.88 8.00 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.00 TOTAL 100.00 904.00

Example 18: Wet Granulation Batch B

[0082]

TABLE-US-00019 ~Batch Size 1 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Milled WG B 98.67 892.00 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF erosol 200 0.88 8.00 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.00 TOTAL 100.00 904.00

Example 19: Wet Granulation Batch C

[0083]

TABLE-US-00020 ~Batch Size 1 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Milled WG C 98.67 892.00 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF Aerosil 200 0.88 8.00 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.00 TOTAL 100.00 904.00

Example 20: Wet Granulation Batch D

[0084]

TABLE-US-00021 ~Batch Size 1 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Milled WG D 98.67 892.00 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF erosol 200 0.88 8.00 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.00 TOTAL 100.00 904.00

Example 21: Wet Granulation Batch E

[0085]

TABLE-US-00022 ~Batch Size 1 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Milled WG E 98.67 951.50 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF erosol 200 0.88 8.53 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.27 TOTAL 100.00 964.30

Example 22: Wet Granulation Batch F

[0086]

TABLE-US-00023 ~Batch Size 1 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Milled WG F 98.67 951.50 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF Aerosil 200 0.88 8.53 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.27 TOTAL 100.00 964.30

Example 23: Wet Granulation Batch G

[0087]

TABLE-US-00024 ~Batch Size 1 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Milled WG G 98.67 951.50 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF erosol 200 0.88 8.53 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.27 TOTAL 100.00 964.30

Example 24: Wet Granulation Batch H

[0088]

TABLE-US-00025 ~Batch Size 1 Kilograms ~API Dose 600.00 mgs Ingredient w/w % mg/dose Ibuprofen Milled WG H 98.67 951.50 Silicon Dioxide Colloidal NF Aerosil 200 0.88 8.53 Stearic Acid, NF Powder Food Grade 0.44 4.27 TOTAL 100.00 964.30
Viscosity* of the specific Examples was determined and summarized in Table 2 below. * Viscosity of a 2% w/w HPMC solution in water, cps

TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 2 Viscosity Results for HPMC Examples 2% w/w Examples K100LV wt % K4M Wt % Soln Visc 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 100 1 4000 0 100 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 100 0.67 4000 0.33 411 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23 100 0.33 4000 0.67 1414 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 100 0 4000 1 4000

[0089] The amount of burst release was expressed as a ratio as shown below, where the denominator is calculated from the linear release rate in the region from 60 to 720 mins. FIGS. 2-9 show the profiles and comparisons of wet granulation, roller compaction and direct compression processed compositions.

[0090] FIG. 1 summarizes the comparison API Release and composition viscosity in compositions processed with wet granulation, roller compaction and direct compression processes.

[0091] Results: Higher polymer levels were associated with lower release rates and lower levels of burst drug release. As the polymer level increases, the API release rate and burst rate decreases as this creates a more robust gel matrix.

[0092] Polymer viscosity also has a strong correlation with burst levels. Increasing the proportion of higher viscosity polymer increases the amount of burst release, which is a function the hydration rates of the HPMC. This reduced hydration level of the polymer allows release of API before the gel matrix develops.

[0093] Process factors had the most dramatic effect on burst release. Dry processes had lower levels of burst release vs. wet granulation. These results suggest that the hydration/dehydration steps of the wet granulation process increase the amount of burst release.

Conclusions: This set of BCS Class II, high drug load prototypes showed that burst release can be minimized by using higher levels of HPMC, selecting lower viscosity polymer grades, and using dry processing methods.