NOZZLES AND CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR HOVERCRAFTS

Abstract

A hovercraft including imaginary longitudinal, transverse and vertical axes; a propulsion system (12), configured to generate airflow; a base (50) and, a skirt (13) wherein the skirt (13) further including air permeable regions (130) and at least two set of outflow nozzles (220); wherein the air permeable regions (130) and the set of outflow nozzles (20, 21) are in fluid communication; wherein each set of nozzles (20, 21) comprises, at least, one outflow nozzle (22), said outflow nozzle (22) including two opposing ends, a first end (221) and a second end (222); the hovercraft further including actuating means (30) suitable to control the opening of at least one end (221 or 222) of the nozzles (22) managing the passage of airflow through the end (221 or 222). The technical features and functionalities described herein are applicable to the field of hovercrafts. More particularly, to controllable outflow nozzles and controlling systems for hovercrafts.

Claims

1. A hovercraft including imaginary longitudinal, transverse and vertical axes; a propulsion system (12), configured to generate airflow; a base (50) and, a skirt (13) characterized in that the skirt (13) further including air permeable regions (130) and at least two set of outflow nozzles (220); wherein the air permeable regions (130) and the set of outflow nozzles (20, 21) are in fluid communication; wherein each set of nozzles (20, 21) comprises, at least, one outflow nozzle (22), said outflow nozzle (22) including two opposing ends, a first end (221) and a second end (222); the hovercraft further including actuating means (30) suitable to control the opening of at least one end (221 or 222) of the nozzles (22) managing the passage of airflow through the end (221 or 222).

2. A hovercraft as described in claim 1 characterized in that the nozzles (22) consist of a piece of air impermeable and flexible panel (220), the panel (220) being partially fixed to the skirt (13) and having two loose ends (221, 222), a so-called front end (221) facing towards the front of the hovercraft, and a so-called back-end (222), facing towards the rear part of the hovercraft.

3. A hovercraft as described in any of the preceding claims characterized in that each set of nozzles (20, 21) includes 2 to 8 nozzles (22).

4. A hovercraft as described in any of the preceding claims characterized in that the actuating means (30) consist of a set of strings (330) and two sticks (350, 351).

5. A hovercraft as described in any of the the preceeding claims characterized in that the set of nozzles (20, 21) are controlled by the actuating means under the so-called horse logic.

6. A control system for hovercrafts characterized in that it includes a skirt (13), the skirt (13) including air permeable regions (130) and at least two set of nozzles (20, 21); the air permeable regions (130) and the set of outflow nozzles (20, 21) being in fluid communication; wherein the opening of ends (220 or 221) of the nozzles (22) are controllable by the pilot when operating the controlling means (30).

7. A control system for hovercrafts as described in claim 6 characterized in that the actuating means (30) consist of a set of strings (330) and two sticks (350, 351).

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0017] FIGS. 1 to 5: Illustrates a set of figures depicting different nozzles conditions like front acceleration, turning right-left, front deceleration; and, pure rotation;

[0018] FIG. 6: Illustrates the hovercraft configuration, in flight condition;

[0019] FIG. 7: Illustrates the same hovercraft depicted in FIG. 6, when the engines are turned off;

[0020] FIG. 8: Depicts a nozzle of the present invention;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0021] The present invention consists on including nozzles and air permeable regions onto the skirts of the hovercrafts, wherein the nozzles and the air permeable regions are in fluid communication. Such nozzles being constructed to allow part of the air cushion flow to pass throughout the skirt and, to controlling the direction and amount of air outflow leaving such nozzles. As a result, the controlled outflow leaving the nozzles can be managed in order to control the displacement of the hovercraft during flight. The referred nozzles can be controlled to deflect the airflow when passing throughout the air permeable regions of the skirt. Accordingly, the outflow doesn't simply pass throughout the air permeable regions of the skirt, but are deflected to the front or the rear part of the hovercraft, while passing by those regions.

[0022] The present nozzles are preferentially constructed in flexible materials, besides not mandatory to controlling the hovercraft. When constructed in flexible materials, the nozzles will tolerate mechanical shocks, which is likely to occur since they are placed on the skirts of the hovercrafts; the most external region of the hovercraft. The mechanical shocks may occur, in different potential situations, as for example; when one hovercraft collide to another one, in a recreational play.

[0023] Accordingly to FIGS. 1 to 5, there are depicted non-limiting examples of different nozzles conditions and corresponding resulting forces and movements. As by FIG. 1 the hovercraft is configured to thrust ahead, by FIG. 2 it is configured to thrust back, by FIG. 3 it is configured to turn left, by FIG. 4 it is configured to turn right, and by FIG. 5 configured to rotate clockwise, purely.

[0024] A control system including those nozzles, comprises a skirt including air permeable regions and nozzles that are connected to actuating means. In this sense, both the nozzles and the actuating means are to be constructed in a manner to resulting in a lightweight mechanism, which is desired like any other system or element included in hovercrafts.

[0025] From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications. The embodiments set forth by way of illustration or example are not intended as limitations on the variations possible in practicing the present invention.

EXAMPLE

[0026] An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is the recreational hovercraft illustrated by FIG. 6. The hovercraft including imaginary longitudinal, transverse, and vertical axes; a substantially oval in shape base (50); a propulsion system (12), configured to push air against the ground; a skirt (13), the skirt (13) including two set of nozzles (20, 21) aligned on each transverse side of the skirt (13), a first set of nozzles (20) placed on the left side of the skirt (13), a second set of nozzles (21) placed on the right side of the skirt (13); each set of nozzles (20, 21) including four outflow nozzles (22). Where, alternatively, the number of outflow nozzles (22) included in each set of nozzles (20, 21) may vary, depending on the size of the hovercraft, the size of each nozzle (22), among other variables.

[0027] The propulsion system (12) of the hovercraft depicted on FIG. 6, including two engines (121), each engine (121) capable of delivering 20 HP, and coupled to a propeller (122). Each engine (121) being controlled by a lever (123) placed on each controlling sticks (350, 351). The propulsion system (12) being capable of promoting airflow downward, against the ground.

[0028] As depicted, the exemplary hovercraft of FIG. 6 further includes a so-called base (50), the base (50) consisting of a metallic structure, able to accommodate the propulsion system (12) affixed to the base (50); a chair (15) to accommodate the pilot; and the actuating means (30) aimed to receive commands applied by the pilot by using the controlling sticks (350, 351), and transfer to them to the set of nozzles (20, 21).

[0029] The metallic structure being built in aluminum, due to its mechanical properties and density. However, other suitable materials could be selected for its manufacture like aeronautic aluminum alloys or composites. Still according to the exemplary of FIG. 6, the base (50) includes hinges (not depicted), allowing the metallic structure to be folded for a more convenient storage and/or transportation.

[0030] The referred base (50) further including a substantially air impermeable cover (14) and the skirt (13). The base (50) and the cover (14) cooperating with the propulsion system (12) to create the air-cushion, known to cause the hovercraft's flight. The cover (14) and the skirt (13) being made on reinforced polyethylene film.

[0031] According to FIG. 8, where a nozzle (22) is depicted in detail, it is possible to understand that nozzles (22) consist of a piece of air impermeable and flexible panel (220), the panel (220) being partially fixed to the skirt (13), by means of plastic tie wraps (225) selectively placed, and having two loose ends (221, 222), a so-called front end (221) facing towards the front of the hovercraft, and a so-called back end (222), facing towards the rear part of the hovercraft. Alternatively, and less preferable, the nozzles (22) could be built in rigid, pivotal shells.

[0032] Loose ends (220, 221) are connected to a pair of strings (330), the strings (330) are elements of the actuating means (30), as herein further on described. Once strings (330) are pulled, they compresses the panel (220) against the skirt, causing to restrain the passage of airflow through the end (220 or 221). On the contrary, when the strings (330) are loosed they releases the panel from the skirt (13) causing to release the passage of airflow to through the end (220 or 221).

[0033] The actuating means (30), like all other component of the hovercraft are to be lightweight, since the performance of the hovercraft, particularly its ability to lift from the ground depends on compensating the weight forces of the hovercraft. In this sense, the actuating means (30) consist of a set of strings (330) and two sticks (350, 351), where a specialist in the field of hovercrafts will find different ways to arrange them. The actuating means being arranged to allow the pilot to control the opening of the ends (220 or 221) of the nozzles (22).

[0034] Accordingly to the exemplary hovercraft, the actuating means (30) were arranged to promote an independent control to the opening of the ends (220 or 221) of the set of nozzles (20, 21). Where the first and second set of nozzles (20, 21) are respectively controlled by a first and second controlling stick (350, 351). Further accordingly, each set of nozzles (20, 21) were configured to operate coordinately, i.e.; all nozzles of each set follow the same control command. The exemplary of FIG. 6, have adopted (besides non mandatory) the herein referred as horse-logic, where the controlling sticks (350 and 351) are controlled according to FIGS. 1 to 5.

[0035] Once the stick (350 or 351) is pushed ahead, the actuating means pulls the strings of the front facing ends (221) of each nozzle of the corresponding set, and cause the closure of each front facing end (221), then, restraining airflow through the same.

[0036] Once the stick (350 or 351) is pushed back, the actuating means pull the strings of the rear facing ends (222) of each nozzle of the corresponding set, and cause the closure of each rear facing end (222), then, restraining airflow through the same.

[0037] Once the stick (350 or 351) is in neutral position, the actuating means keeps all strings relaxed and allow the opening the ends (221 and 222), then allowing the passage of airflow through the same, and keeping both ends of each nozzles in open configuration. Alternatively, in this neutral position, the control means could be arranged so that both ends (221 and 222) of the nozzles will be closed. In both cases the resulting airflow leaving from the nozzles will be equally distributed, not forcing the hovercraft to accelerate.

[0038] A control system for hovercrafts of the present invention, includes a skirt (13), the skirt (13) including air permeable regions (130) and at least two set of nozzles (20, 21); where the opening of ends (220 or 221) of the nozzles (22) are controllable by the pilot when operating the controlling means (30).