Three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe, three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe assembly and heat dissipation module

Abstract

A three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe includes a pipe member and a connecting member. The pipe member is coiled around an axis to form a plurality of loop portions, and the loop portions are arranged in order along the axis so as to form a three-dimensional coiled structure. The three-dimensional coiled structure has a heat receiving section, and the pipe member has different effective pipe cross-sectional areas on two opposite sides adjacent to the heat receiving section. The connecting member is connected to two ends of the pipe member, such that the connecting member and the pipe member together form a closed loop.

Claims

1. A heat dissipation module, comprising: a fin-and-tube heat exchanger, comprising a plurality of fins and a plurality of heat dissipation pipes, and the plurality of heat dissipation pipes disposed through the plurality of fins; a plurality of first fillings, disposed in the plurality of heat dissipation pipes; a plurality of pipe members, wherein the plurality of pipe members each have a smaller pipe cross-sectional area than that of each of the plurality of heat dissipation pipes, the plurality of pipe members are connected to the plurality of heat dissipation pipes so as to form a continuous flow path including a plurality of loop portions that surround an axis, the plurality of loop portions are arranged in order along the axis so as to form a three-dimensional coiled structure, the three-dimensional coiled structure has a heat receiving section, the heat receiving section and the fin-and-tube heat exchanger are respectively located at two opposite sides of the three-dimensional coiled structure, and the pipe member has different effective pipe cross-sectional areas on two opposite sides adjacent to the heat receiving section; and a connecting member, connected to two ends of the continuous flow path, such that the connecting member, the plurality of pipe members and the plurality of heat dissipation pipes together form a closed loop.

2. The heat dissipation module according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional coiled structure further has two adiabatic sections located between the heat receiving section and the fin-and-tube heat exchanger, each of the plurality of pipe members in at least a part of one of the adiabatic sections has a first effective pipe cross-sectional area, and each of the plurality of pipe members in at least a part of the other adiabatic section has a second effective pipe cross-sectional area which is different from the first effective pipe cross-sectional area.

3. The heat dissipation module according to claim 2, wherein the heat receiving section is located at a level higher than the fin-and-tube heat exchanger.

4. The heat dissipation module according to claim 2, wherein the heat receiving section and the fin-and-tube heat exchanger are located at a same level.

5. The heat dissipation module according to claim 2, wherein a ratio of the first effective pipe cross-sectional area to the second effective pipe cross-sectional area ranges from 0.3 to 0.7.

6. The heat dissipation module according to claim 1, further comprising a second filling, wherein the three-dimensional coiled structure further has a first adiabatic section and a second adiabatic section, the first adiabatic section and the second adiabatic section are located between the heat receiving section and the fin-and-tube heat exchanger, the second filling is located in one of the plurality of pipe members in the first adiabatic section so that the one of the plurality of pipe members in the first adiabatic section has a smaller effective pipe cross-sectional area than that in the second adiabatic section.

7. The heat dissipation module according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of loop portions are stacked on one another along the axis.

8. The heat dissipation module according to claim 1, wherein an inner diameter of each of the plurality of pipe members ranges from 1.0 mm to 8.0 mm.

9. The heat dissipation module according to claim 1, wherein a working fluid is filled into the plurality of pipe members with a filling ratio of 30% to 80%.

10. The heat dissipation module according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional coiled structure is rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular, oval, or in an L shape.

11. The heat dissipation module according to claim 1, wherein the heat receiving section and the fin-and-tube heat exchanger are the same in length.

12. The heat dissipation module according to claim 1, wherein the heat receiving section and the fin-and-tube heat exchanger are different in length.

13. The heat dissipation module according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional coiled structure forms a storage space.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The present disclosure will become more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow and the accompanying drawings which are given by way of illustration only and thus are not limitative of the present disclosure and wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe in accordance with a first embodiment of the disclosure;

(3) FIG. 2 is a front view of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe in FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe in FIG. 1;

(5) FIG. 4 is another operating position of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe in FIG. 1;

(6) FIG. 5 is yet another operating position of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe in FIG. 1;

(7) FIG. 6 is a front view of a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe in accordance with a second embodiment of the disclosure;

(8) FIG. 7 is a front view of a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe in accordance with a third embodiment of the disclosure;

(9) FIG. 8 is a front view of a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the disclosure;

(10) FIG. 9 is another operating position of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe in FIG. 8;

(11) FIG. 10 is a front view of a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the disclosure;

(12) FIG. 11 is a front view of a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe in accordance with a sixth embodiment of the disclosure;

(13) FIG. 12 is a front view of a heat dissipation module in accordance with a seventh embodiment of the disclosure;

(14) FIG. 13 is a front view of a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe assembly in accordance with an eighth embodiment of the disclosure;

(15) FIG. 14 is a front view of a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe assembly in accordance with a ninth embodiment of the disclosure;

(16) FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a heat dissipation module in accordance with a tenth embodiment of the disclosure;

(17) FIG. 16 is a front view of the heat dissipation module in FIG. 15;

(18) FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of one heat dissipation pipe and fillings therein taken along line L0-L0 of FIG. 16;

(19) FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along line L1-L1 of FIG. 17; and

(20) FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along line L1-L2 of FIG. 17.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(21) In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosed embodiments. It will be apparent, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are schematically shown in order to simplify the drawings.

(22) The drawings may not be drawn to actual size or scale, some exaggerations may be necessary in order to emphasize basic structural relationships, while some are simplified for clarity of understanding, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. It is allowed to have various adjustments under the spirit of the present disclosure. In the specification, the term on may be described as one is located above another or one is in contact with another. In addition, the terms top side, bottom side, above and below are used to illustrate but limit the present disclosure. The term substantially is referred to the complete or nearly complete extent or degree of a structure, which means that it is allowable to have tolerance during manufacturing.

(23) Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe in accordance with a first embodiment of the disclosure, FIG. 2 is a front view of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe in FIG. 1.

(24) The first embodiment provides a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe (PHP) 1. The three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 includes a pipe member 10 and a connecting member 30.

(25) The pipe member 10 is coiled around an axis Cm to form a plurality of loop portions 11, and the loop portions 11 are arranged in order and stacked on one another along the axis C so as to form a three-dimensional coiled structure. That is, these loop portions 11 are stacked together from top to bottom along the axis C to form a stereoscopic three-dimensional coiled structure.

(26) Two ends of the pipe member 10 are connected to each other via the connecting member 30, such that the connecting member 30 and the pipe member 10 together form a closed loop. In such a case, the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 is also called a closed-loop PHP (CLPHP). Working fluid can be circulated through the closed loop for transferring heat. The connecting member 30 is also configured as a fluid supply for supplying the working fluid (e.g., water, methanol, acetone, or any pure liquid or solution and the like) into the pipe member 10 with a filling ratio of approximately 30 to 80%.

(27) The three-dimensional coiled structure has a heat receiving section H and a heat dissipation section D respectively on two opposite sides thereof (e.g., the upper and lower sides of the three-dimensional coiled structure shown in FIG. 2), and the three-dimensional coiled structure further has a first adiabatic section T1 and a second adiabatic section T2 located between the heat receiving section H and the heat dissipation section D. The heat receiving section H is also called evaporator section, the heat dissipation section D is also called condenser section, and the adiabatic section is also called insulation section. The heat receiving section H and the heat dissipation section D are respectively configured to be in thermal contact with a heat source and a cold source. The heat source is, for example, a laser diode light, an insulated gate bipolar transistor or a chip processor, and the cold source is, for example, a heat dissipation fins module.

(28) In this embodiment, the pipe member 10 in at least a part of one of the adiabatic sections may be compressed and deformed during manufacturing, such that the pipe member 10 in the two adiabatic sections have different effective pipe cross-sectional areas. This causes the adiabatic sections to have different flow resistances, such that the working fluid tends to flow towards the side that has a relatively small flow resistance, thereby increasing the flow rate of the working fluid.

(29) In detail, as shown in FIG. 3, in this embodiment, a portion of the pipe member 10 which is located in the first adiabatic section T1 had been compressed and deformed so that the pipe member 10 in the first adiabatic section T1 is in a flat shape; another portion of the pipe member 10 which is located in the second adiabatic section T2 remain the same so that the pipe member 10 in the second adiabatic section T2 remains in a round shape. In such a case, the pipe member 10 in the first adiabatic section T1 has a larger effective pipe cross-section area compared to that in the second adiabatic section T2. The effective pipe cross-sectional area means an area on the cross-portion of the pipe member 10 where the working fluid is allowed to flow through. Specifically, the pipe member 10 in the first adiabatic section T1 has a first effective pipe cross-sectional area A1, and the pipe member 10 in the second adiabatic section T2 has a second effective pipe cross-sectional area A2 which is smaller than the first effective pipe cross-sectional area A1, such that the flow resistance in the first adiabatic section T1 is larger than that in the second adiabatic section T2. As such, when the heat receiving section H receives heat to heat and vaporize the working fluid, and a pressure difference created thereby between the heat receiving section H and the heat dissipation section D pushes the liquid-vapor mixture of the working fluid to flow, the liquid-vapor mixture of the working fluid in the heat receiving section H tends to flow towards the second adiabatic section T2. Therefore, in the closed loop, the working fluid tends to flow along a specific direction (e.g., direction F in the figure) and to automatically form a circulation, which helps to increase the flow rate of the working fluid. In this embodiment, a ratio of the first effective pipe cross-sectional area A1 to the second effective pipe cross-sectional area A2 ranges from, for example, 0.3 to 0.7.

(30) In the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1, the adjacent loop portions 11 are in tight contact with each other in order to prevent the existence of a gap in the axial direction C therebetween. This helps to prevent an invalid contact area between the heat receiving section H and the heat source so as to maximum heat transfer rate, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, there can be a gap between the adjacent loop portions. Additionally, in this embodiment, since the pipe member of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe is coiled around an axis to form the loop portions and the loop portions are tightly stacked on one another, the loop portions together form a compact contact surface with small or no gaps thereon, such that the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe does not require a small radius of curvature of the pipe member to increase effective thermal contact area, thereby does not require additional specific jigs for bending task, either. Accordingly, the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe of the present disclosure features low manufacturing cost in comparison with the conventional pulsating heat pipes.

(31) In this embodiment, the pipe member 10 is made of, for example, copper, thus the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 features a high thermal conductivity contributed by the property of copper. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the materials of the pipe member. In other embodiments, the pipe member 10 may be made of other materials that also have a high thermal conductivity.

(32) Furthermore, based on a theoretical inner diameter range of a pulsating heat pipe, the inner diameter of the pipe member 10 can be determined according to the type of the working fluid; by doing so, the working fluid can form into interspersed vapor bubbles (also called vapor plugs) and liquid slugs in the pipe member 10; in the other words, the working fluid can be separated into different segments of liquid slugs that are spaced apart and separated by vapor bubbles within the closed loop of the pipe member 10. For example, in the case that the working fluid is mercury or sodium, the inner diameter of the pipe member 10 may range from 1.0 mm to 8.0 mm; in the case that the working fluid is water, the inner diameter of the pipe member 10 may range from 1.0 mm to 5.0 mm.

(33) In this embodiment, the heat receiving section H is located at a level lower than the heat dissipation section D; that is, the heat receiving section H is located underneath the heat dissipation section D. In such a case, the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe is defined as being in a positive 90-degree position (or in an upright position). As such, the heated vapor bubbles of the working fluid are able to push liquid-vapor mixture of the working fluid to flow upwards to the heat dissipation section D due to buoyancy of the vapor bubbles. That is, the pressure difference forces the liquid slugs and vapor bubbles to move between the heat receiving section H and the heat dissipation section D.

(34) It is noted that the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 is able to operate in another position. Please refer to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5. FIG. 4 is another operating position of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe in FIG. 1, and FIG. 5 is yet another operating position of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe in FIG. 1.

(35) As described above, the working fluid automatically flows along a specific direction due to the unbalanced flow resistance on two sides of the heat receiving section H caused by the difference between the effective pipe cross-sectional areas of the adiabatic sections T1 and T2, and thus the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 is still able to operate at the desired level for cooling whether it is being placed horizontally (as shown in FIG. 4) or being placed in a negative 90-degree position (as shown in FIG. 5, the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 is in an upside-down position compared to FIG. 2). As shown in the figures, when the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 is placed horizontally, the heat receiving section H and the heat dissipation section D are located at the same level; when the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 is placed in the negative 90-degree position, the heat receiving section H is located at a level higher than the heat dissipation section D (i.e., the heat receiving section H is located above the heat dissipation section D). In more detail, since there exists a difference in flow resistance (or pressure difference) on two sides of the heat receiving section H, when the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 is placed in the negative 90-degree position and the vapor bubbles is heated to expand its volume in the heat receiving section H, the vapor bubbles tend to flow towards where the flow resistance is relatively small and therefore to push the liquid slugs towards the heat dissipation section D underneath the heat receiving section H, forming a flow circulation in the closed loop.

(36) Table 1 shows a comparison between simulation results of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 respectively operating in the positive 90-degree position and in the negative 90-degree position.

(37) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Positive Negative Operating position 90-degree position 90-degree position Average temperature at heat 114 117 receiving section ( C.) Thermal resistance (K/W) 0.0764 0.0799 Note: the heating power form the heat source to the heat receiving section is 800 W.

(38) As seen in Table 1, a performance degradation rate is only 5% when the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 is operating in the negative 90-degree position compared to operating in the positive 90-degree position. The performance degradation rate is a ratio between the thermal resistances. Therefore, according to Table 1, the cooling effect provided by the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 in the negative 90-degree position is as good as the cooling effect provided by the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 in the positive 90-degree position.

(39) In addition, Table 2 shows a comparison between simulation results of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 and a conventional pulsating heat pipe both in the positive 90-degree position. Said conventional pulsating heat pipe is a flat capillary pipe.

(40) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Three-dimensional Conventional pulsating heat pipe 1 pulsating heat pipe Operating position Positive 90-degree Positive 90-degree position position Filling volume (ml) 30 21 Filling ratio 35% 5% 35% 5% Heating power (W) 600 300 Average temperature at heat 105 100 receiving section ( C.) Area of heat receiving 30 75 section (cm.sup.2) Heat transmission distance 35 30 (cm) Maximum heat flux 20 4 (W/cm.sup.2)

(41) According to Table 2, the maximum heat flux of the conventional pulsating heat pipe is 4 W/cm.sup.2, and the maximum heat flux of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 is 20 W/cm.sup.2 and is approximately five times larger than the maximum heat flux of the conventional pulsating heat pipe.

(42) As shown in FIG. 4, in the case that the heat receiving section H, the heat dissipation section D, the first adiabatic section T1 and the second adiabatic section T2 of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 are all located at the same level; that is, the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 in FIG. 4 is placed horizontally. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, when the heat receiving section and the heat dissipation section are located at the same level, the first adiabatic section and the second adiabatic section may be located at different level; that is, one of the first adiabatic section and the second adiabatic section may be placed in contact with the ground.

(43) In this embodiment, the pipe member 10 in the entire first adiabatic section T1 are in a flat shape, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, there may be only a portion of the first adiabatic section been compressed and deformed, such that only a portion of the first adiabatic section has a smaller effective pipe cross-sectional area. In another embodiment, it may compress and deform both the first adiabatic section and the second adiabatic section, but the first adiabatic section and the second adiabatic section still have different cross-sectional areas. Furthermore, in yet another embodiment, it may also compress and deform the heat receiving section and the heat dissipation section. For example, in one configuration, it may compress and deform both the first adiabatic section and the heat receiving section, and the pipe member 10 in both the second adiabatic section and the heat dissipation section remains in round pipe; in another configuration, it may compress and deform the first adiabatic section, the heat receiving section and the heat dissipation section, and the pipe member 10 in the second adiabatic section remains in round pipe.

(44) In addition, the present disclosure is not limited to the shape of pipe in the first adiabatic section T1 and the second adiabatic section T2. In other embodiments, the pipe member in the first adiabatic section and the second adiabatic section may respectively have a square shape and a round shape that have different effective pipe cross-sectional areas; alternatively, the pipe member in both the first adiabatic section and the second adiabatic section may be in a round shape and have different effective pipe cross-sectional areas.

(45) In this embodiment, the three-dimensional coiled structure is rectangular, and the heat receiving section H and the heat dissipation section D are substantially the same in length, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the three-dimensional coiled structure may be formed in other shapes and the heat receiving section and the heat dissipation section may be different in length. For example, please refer to FIG. 6, which is a front view of a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe in accordance with a second embodiment of the disclosure. It is noted that a detailed description of the similar features between the first embodiment and the following embodiments may not be repeated.

(46) The second embodiment provides a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1b. The three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1b has a configuration similar to that of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 in the first embodiment. One of the differences between these two embodiments is that the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1b has a three-dimensional coiled structure being trapezoidal. In such a case, a heat receiving section Hb and a heat dissipation section Db are different in length. As shown in FIG. 6, the length of the heat dissipation section Db is larger than the length of the heat receiving section Hb, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the length of the heat receiving section may be larger than the length of the heat dissipation section.

(47) However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the three-dimensional coiled structure may be triangular, in an L or oval shape. For example, please refer to FIG. 7, which is a front view of a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe in accordance with a third embodiment of the disclosure.

(48) The third embodiment provides a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1c. The three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1c has a configuration similar to that of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 in the first embodiment. One of the differences between these two embodiments is that the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1c has a three-dimensional coiled structure being triangular. In detail, the three-dimensional coiled structure has two heat dissipation sections Dc and a heat receiving section Hc respectively located on different sides of the triangle.

(49) Then, please refer to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9. FIG. 8 is a front view of a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the disclosure, and FIG. 9 is another operating position of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe in FIG. 8.

(50) The fourth embodiment provides a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1d. The three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1d has a configuration similar to that of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 in the first embodiment. One of the differences between these two embodiments is that the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1d has a heat receiving section Hd and a heat dissipation section Dd respectively located on two opposite long sides of a three-dimensional coiled structure, and the heat receiving section Hd and the heat dissipation section Dd are respectively located close to the diagonal corners of the three-dimensional coiled structure.

(51) In addition, the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1d may operate in different positions since the three-dimensional coiled structure has different effective pipe cross-sectional areas on two sides thereof (e.g., the two long sides of the three-dimensional coiled structure adjacent to the heat receiving section Hd). For example, the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1d can be placed upside down as shown in FIG. 9. In this position, the heat receiving section Hd is located above the heat dissipation section Dd, and the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1d is still able to perform at a desired level.

(52) Then, please refer to FIG. 10, which is a front view of a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the disclosure. The fifth embodiment provides a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1e. The three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1e has a configuration similar to that of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 in the first embodiment. The three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe le has a three-dimensional coiled structure forming a storage space 100e, and the storage space 100e is configured for an object 50e to be placed therein. That is, the three-dimensional coiled structure of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe le can also be taken as a storage frame for efficiently utilizing the available space in the three-dimensional coiled structure. The object 50e may be, for example, a circuit structure, a mechanism or a heat-dissipation unit, but the disclosure is not limited thereto.

(53) In this or another embodiment, the heat receiving section of the three-dimensional coiled structure may be longer for in thermal contact with more than one heat sources. For example, please refer to FIG. 11, which is a front view of a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe in accordance with a sixth embodiment of the disclosure.

(54) The sixth embodiment provides a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1f. The three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1f has a configuration similar to that of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 in the first embodiment. One of the differences between these two embodiments is that the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1f has a heat receiving section Hf longer than a heat dissipation section Df, allowing the heat receiving section Hf to be in thermal contact with more than one heat sources HS.

(55) In addition, the disclosure is not limited to the connecting member as discussed in the previous embodiments. In other embodiments, the connecting member may contain a generator set that can generate electricity by being driven by the working fluid. Specifically, please refer to FIG. 12, which is a front view of a heat dissipation module in accordance with a seventh embodiment of the disclosure.

(56) The seventh embodiment provides a heat dissipation module including a connecting member 30g, a generator set 70g, a fan 80g, a transmission cable 90g and a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1g. The three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe lg has a configuration similar to that of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 in the first embodiment. As shown in the figure, the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1g has a heat receiving section Hg, a first adiabatic section T1g, a second adiabatic section T2g and a heat dissipation section Dg. And there are a heat source HS in thermal contact with the heat receiving section Hg and a cold source DS in thermal contact with the heat dissipation section Dg. In this embodiment, the second adiabatic section T2g has a smaller effective pipe cross-sectional area than the first adiabatic section Tlg, such that, as discussed in the previous embodiments, the working fluid in the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1g tends to flow along a direction Fg shown in FIG. 12 as the heat receiving section Hg receives heat produced by the heat source HS.

(57) In addition, the generator set 70g is located in the connecting member 30g and electrically connected to the fan 80g via the transmission cable 90g. In more detail, the connecting member 30g has a chamber 300g connected to the closed loop in the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1g. The generator set 70g includes a generator 710g and a blade wheel 730g which are located in the chamber 300g. Specifically, the generator 710g has a transmission shaft 711g, and the blade wheel 730g is fixed on the transmission shaft 711g. The fan 80g is disposed in a storage space 100g of the three-dimensional coiled structure of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1g and disposed near the heat receiving section Hg, and the transmission cable 90g is electrically connected to the generator 710g and the fan 80g.

(58) In such a configuration, while the working fluid flows through the connecting member 30g, it forces the blade wheel 730g to spin so as to spin the transmission shaft 711g, such that the transmission shaft 711g drives the generator 710g to produce electrical energy. Electrical energy is transmitted to the fan 80 via the transmission cable 90g. As a result, the fan 80g is activated and blows air towards the heat receiving section Hg for cooling.

(59) Accordingly, the heat energy produced by the heat source HS forces the working fluid to flow, and the kinetic energy of the working fluid is turned into mechanical energy of rotation and then turned into electrical energy by the generator set 70g. In short, due to the generator set 70g, the heat dissipation module is allowed to utilize the waste heat from the heat source HS.

(60) Then, please refer to FIG. 13, which is a front view of a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe assembly in accordance with an eighth embodiment of the disclosure. The eighth embodiment provides a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe assembly 9h including two three-dimensional pulsating heat pipes 91h and 92h that are similar in configuration but different in size. The three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 91h has a three-dimensional coiled structure forming a storage space 9100h, and the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 92h is disposed in the storage space 9100h. Therefore, the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe assembly 9h is a dual-layer heat transfer module, and the heat source HS can be thermally disposed between the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipes 91h and 92h.

(61) In addition, the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipes 91h and 92h may be filled with the same or different types of working fluids for operating in the same or difference working temperatures. For example, in the case that the pressure in the closed loop is approximately 0.3 atmospheres and the working fluid is water, the working fluid starts to evaporate as it is heated to 69 C. for circulating the working fluid; in the case that the pressure is the same and the working fluid is acetone, the working fluid only needs to be heated to 37 C. to start to evaporate. As such, the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipes 91h and 92h can be filled with different types of working fluids in order to deal with different areas of the heat source or different heat sources that have different temperatures.

(62) Then, please refer to FIG. 14, which is a front view of a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe assembly in accordance with a ninth embodiment of the disclosure.

(63) The ninth embodiment provides a three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe assembly 9k including two three-dimensional pulsating heat pipes 91k and 92k that have a configuration similar to that of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe 1 in the first embodiment but each is a L-shaped three-dimensional coiled structure. In such a case, each of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipes 91k and 92k has a heat receiving section Hk and a heat dissipation section Dk located on two opposite ends of the L-shaped three-dimensional coiled structure. As shown in the figure, the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipes 91k and 92k may be placed in a mirror-symmetrical manner, such that their heat receiving sections Hk are located away from each other for cooling two heat sources HS and their heat dissipation sections Dk are located adjacent to each other to be adjacent to one or more cold sources DS.

(64) Then, please refer to FIG. 15 to FIG. 19, FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a heat dissipation module in accordance with a tenth embodiment of the disclosure, FIG. 16 is a front view of the heat dissipation module in FIG. 15, FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of one heat dissipation pipe and fillings therein taken along line L0-L0 of FIG. 16, FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along line L1-L1 of FIG. 17, and FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along line L1-L2 of FIG. 17.

(65) The tenth embodiment provides a heat dissipation module lm that is applicable to an electronic device such as a projector (not shown). The heat dissipation module 1m includes a fin-and-tube heat exchanger 40m, a plurality of fillings 60m, a plurality of pipe members 101m to 105m and a connecting member 30m.

(66) The fin-and-tube heat exchanger 40m includes a plurality of fins 410m and a plurality of heat dissipation pipes 431m to 435m. The heat dissipation pipes 431m to 435m are respectively disposed through the fins 410m. The fillings 60m are, for example, hollow tubes disposed in the heat dissipation pipes 431m to 435m.

(67) The pipe members 101m to 105m, the heat dissipation pipes 431m to 435m and the connecting member 30m are connected in series to form a closed loop. In detail, one end of the pipe member 101m is connected to one end of the heat dissipation pipe 431m, two ends of the pipe member 102m are respectively connected to one end of the heat dissipation pipe 432m and the other end of the heat dissipation pipe 431m, two ends of the pipe member 103m are respectively connected to one end of the heat dissipation pipe 433m and the other end of the heat dissipation pipe 432m, two ends of the pipe member 104m are respectively connected to one end of the heat dissipation pipe 434m and the other end of the heat dissipation pipe 433m, two ends of the pipe member 105m are respectively connected to one end of the heat dissipation pipe 435m and the other end of the heat dissipation pipe 434m. As such, the pipe members 101m to 105m, the heat dissipation pipes 431m to 435m together form a continuous flow path. The connecting member 30m is connected to two ends of the continuous flow path (e.g., the connecting member 30m is connected to the pipe member 101m and the heat dissipation pipe 435m) so as to form the closed loop.

(68) In addition, the continuous flow path surrounds an axis Cm to form a plurality of loop portions 11m, and the loop portions 11m are arranged in order along the axis Cm so as to form a three-dimensional coiled structure. The three-dimensional coiled structure has a heat receiving section Hm on one side thereof, and the fin-and-tube heat exchanger 40m is located on the side opposite to the heat receiving section Hm. In addition, the three-dimensional coiled structure further has a first adiabatic section T1m and a second adiabatic section T2m located between the heat receiving section Hm and the fin-and-tube heat exchanger 40m.

(69) The pipe members 101m to 105m in the first adiabatic section T1m each have an effective pipe cross-sectional area different from that in the second adiabatic section T2m. And a working fluid can be filled in the closed loop for transferring heat.

(70) In addition, the connecting member 30 may be connected to an external fluid source (not shown) so as to receive working fluid and provide it into the closed loop. As the closed loop is filled to the desired filling ration, the connecting member 30m and the external fluid source may be disconnected and sealed, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, in order to repeatedly fill the working fluid, the joint between the connecting member 30 and the external fluid source may be replaced by a vacuum safety valve. It is noted that the connecting members 30m may be applied to other embodiments.

(71) It is specified that the pipe cross-sectional area of each of the heat dissipation pipes 431m to 435m is larger than a theoretical critical area of a pulsating heat pipe. As such, the working fluid may not form an interspersed vapor bubbles and liquid slugs in the heat dissipation pipes 431m to 435m, thereby unable to satisfy the operation requirements of a pulsating heat pipe. Therefore, in this embodiment, the heat dissipation pipes 431m to 435m are filled with the fillings 60m (as shown in FIG. 17), and the inner diameter of the fillings 60m and the effective hydraulic diameter of the cross-sectional area of each channel formed in the heat dissipation pipes 431m to 435m satisfy the theoretical inner diameter range of a pulsating heat pipe, allowing the existence of an interspersed vapor bubbles and liquid slugs in the heat dissipation pipes 431m to 435m (as shown in FIG. 18 and FIG. 19). As such, the fillings 60m help the closed loop to meet the basic operation requirements of a pulsating heat pipe.

(72) However, the disclosure is not limited to the configuration of the fillings 60m. In other embodiments, each filling may be solid; in such a case, the working fluid may flow through the gaps among the fillings and the inner surface of the heat dissipation pipe. Therefore, it is understood that the difference in effective pipe cross-sectional area may be achieved by filling a portion of the closed loop.

(73) According to the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe, the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe assembly and the heat dissipation module as described above, the adjacent loop portions are in tight contact with each other so as to prevent the existence of a gap in the axial direction therebetween, which helps to prevent an invalid contact area between the heat receiving section and the heat source, thereby increasing heat transfer rate.

(74) Furthermore, the working fluid automatically flows along a specific direction due to the unbalanced flow resistance on two sides of the heat receiving section caused by difference between the effective pipe cross-sectional areas of the adiabatic sections, thus the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe is able to operate at the desired level for cooling whether it is being placed horizontally or in an upside-down position.

(75) In addition, in some embodiments, since the pipe member of the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe is coiled around an axis to form the loop portions and the loop portions are tightly stacked on one another, the loop portions together form a compact contact surface with small or no gaps thereon, such that the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe does not require a small radius of curvature of the pipe member to increase effective thermal contact area, thereby does not require additional specific jigs for bending task, either. Accordingly, the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe of the present disclosure features low manufacturing cost in comparison with the conventional pulsating heat pipes.

(76) Moreover, in yet some embodiments, the three-dimensional coiled structure formed by the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe is able to accommodate and support one or more objects, such as a circuit structure, a mechanism or a heat-dissipation unit for efficiently utilizing the available space in the three-dimensional coiled structure.

(77) Additionally, in still some embodiments, the connecting member further contains a generator set that is able to turn the mechanical energy of rotation of the working fluid into electrical energy for the fan to cool the heat receiving section, thereby utilizing the waste heat from the heat source.

(78) Further, the three-dimensional coiled structure is not restricted in shape, and it can be further formed in various shapes, such as rectangle, trapezoid, triangle, oval or in an L shape, according to actual design requirements. Other than that, the three-dimensional coiled structure can be coupled to different heat dissipation pipes in the market, such that the three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe is applicable to various types of heat dissipation modules.

(79) The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the disclosure and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the disclosure and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the disclosure be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.