Abstract
A method for straightening a distortion of a component by way of a straightening device is provided. The straightening device includes a clamping element for clamping in the component, a straightening element for introducing a straightening force into the component, and an anvil element for supporting the component during the introduction of the straightening force. Furthermore, a straightening device for straightening a distortion of a component is provided. The straightening device includes a clamping element for clamping in the component, a straightening element for introducing a straightening force into the component, an anvil element for supporting the component during the introduction of the straightening force, and a control element for operating the straightening device.
Claims
1. A method for straightening a distortion of a component by way of a straightening device, the straightening device including a clamping element for clamping the component, a straightening element for introducing a straightening force into the component, and an anvil element for supporting the component in the introduction of the straightening force, the method comprising the acts of: a) ascertaining the distortion of the component as a deviation of a shape of the component from a shape specification; b) determining a straightening scenario based at least on a result of the ascertainment carried out in act a), wherein the straightening scenario comprises at least one straightening step; c) disposing the component in the straightening device according to the straightening scenario determined in act b); d) carrying out the at least one straightening step by introducing the straightening force into the component; and e) ascertaining a straightening result of the at least one straightening step carried out in act d), wherein the component during the ascertainment ascertaining of the straightening result remains disposed in the straightening device; wherein the at least one straightening step includes a ram stroke of the straightening element: wherein the ram stroke includes a contact stroke, a straightening stroke, and a return stroke; wherein for ascertaining of the straightening result in act e), a difference between a magnitude of the straightening stroke and a magnitude of the return stroke is evaluated.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the straightening scenario is determined additionally based on at least one of the following parameters: a magnitude of the distortion; a position of the distortion; a type of the distortion; an alignment of the distortion; a temperature of the component; a material of the component; and a geometry of the component.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the at least one parameter is determined by a simulation and/or by preliminary tests.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the straightening scenario determined in act b) further comprises at least one clamping position of the clamping element, and/or at least one straightening position of the straightening element, and/or at least one anvil position of the anvil element.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the straightening scenario determined in act b) further comprises at least one clamping position of the clamping element, and/or at least one straightening position of the straightening element, and/or at least one anvil position of the anvil element.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the straightening stroke comprises a straightening proportion and an overpressing proportion.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein an end of the contact stroke and/or an end of the return stroke is determined by measuring a contact force between the component and the straightening element.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the contact force is less than approximately 100 N.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the contact force is less than approximately 50 N.
10. The method according to claim 1, the method further comprising the act of: prior to act a) measuring a shape of the component.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the shape of the component is optically measured.
12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the shape of the component is ascertained as a scatter plot.
13. A straightening device for straightening a distortion of a component, comprising: a clamping element for clamping the component; a straightening element for introducing a straightening force into the component; an anvil element for supporting the component in the introduction of the straightening force; and a control element for operating the straightening device, the control element configured to: a) ascertain the distortion of the component as a deviation of a shape of the component from a shape specification; b) determine a straightening scenario based at least on a result of the ascertainment carried out in act a), wherein the straightening scenario comprises at least one straightening step in which the straightening force is introduced into the component; c) dispose the component in the straightening device according to the straightening scenario determined in act b); d) carry out the at least one straightening step, wherein the at least one straightening step includes a ram stroke of the straightening element and wherein the ram stroke includes a contact stroke, a straightening stroke, and a return stroke; and e) ascertain a straightening result of the at least one straightening step carried out in act d), wherein the component during the ascertainment of the straightening result remains disposed in the straightening device and wherein to ascertain the straightening result, evaluate a difference between a magnitude of the straightening stroke and a magnitude of the return stroke.
14. The straightening device according to claim 13, wherein the straightening element includes a contact force sensor for measuring a contact force between the straightening element and the component.
15. The straightening device according to claim 14, wherein the contact force sensor is a Piezoelectric force sensor.
16. The straightening device according to claim 13, wherein the straightening element and/or the anvil element have/has a multiplicity of rams, the rams are disposed in the manner of a matrix, and the rams are configured so as to be individually actuatable.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a straightening device according to an embodiment of the invention and a component with a distortion;
(2) FIGS. 2-4 are schematics views of a straightening device according to an embodiment of the invention when carrying out a method according to the embodiment of the invention;
(3) FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a first design embodiment of a straightening stroke and of a return stroke;
(4) FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a further design embodiment of a straightening stroke and of a return stroke;
(5) FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a linear distortion scenario; and
(6) FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a polynomial distortion scenario.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(7) A straightening device 20 according to an embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 1. The straightening device 20 according to the embodiment of the invention herein has in particular a control element 28 which is configured for carrying out a method according to the embodiment. The straightening device 20 according to the embodiment furthermore has a clamping element 21 which is configured for clamping a component 1. Furthermore, a straightening element 23 and an anvil element 26 are shown as part of the straightening device 20. The straightening element 23 herein is configured for introducing a straightening force 11 (not conjointly illustrated) into the component 1, wherein the anvil element 26 is configured for supporting the component 1 in the introduction of said straightening force 11. In order to be able to establish a contact, or an end of said contact, respectively, between the straightening element 23 and the component 1, the straightening element 23 has a contact force sensor 25. A contact force sensor 25 of this type herein can be configured as a strain gauge, for example, but preferably as a piezoelectric force sensor. Apart from the illustrated straightening device 20 according to the embodiment of the invention, a component 1 is illustrated. This component 1 has a shape 2 which has a distortion 4. In order for this to be highlighted, a shape specification 3 is also conjointly illustrated by a dashed line beside the shape 2 of the component 1. The distortion 4 herein is in particular ascertained in act a) of a method according to the embodiment of the invention by way of a deviation of the shape 2 of the component 1 from the shape specification 3. Based on a result of this ascertainment which can be carried out in particular in the control element 28, a straightening scenario 10 (not conjointly illustrated) can likewise be determined in the control element 28.
(8) The implementation of the straightening process by way of a straightening scenario 10 is illustrated at least in portions in FIGS. 2, 3, and 4. In order for the straightening process to be carried out, the component 1 was disposed in the straightening device 20. According to the straightening scenario 10, the clamping element 21 is in the clamping position 22 thereof and fixes the component 1 in the straightening device 20. The straightening element 23 is in the straightening position 24 thereof; the anvil element 26 is in the anvil position 27 thereof. The respective positions 22, 24, 27 of the elements 21, 23, 26 herein are stored as part of the straightening scenario 10. The straightening scenario 10 herein is in particular adapted to the distortion 4 of the component 1, wherein the distortion 4 was ascertained by a comparison between the shape 2 of the component 1 and a shape specification 3. In the stage of a method according to the embodiment of the invention as illustrated in FIG. 2, the straightening process has already begun; in particular, a contact stroke 31 has already been carried out as part of the ram stroke 30 of the straightening element 23. The contact stroke 31 herein has a magnitude which is determined in that the straightening element 23 just contacts the component 1. In order for this position of the straightening element 23 to be able to be reliably established, the straightening element 23 has a contact force sensor 25. As soon as the contact force sensor 25 measures a minor contact force, this is interpreted as contact between the straightening element 23 and the component 1. The contact stroke 31 is completed at this moment. Next, a straightening stroke 32 is carried out by the straightening element 23. This is illustrated in FIG. 3. In this straightening stroke 32, a straightening force 11 is introduced into the component 1. The straightening force 11 herein is transmitted in the component 1 and dissipated into the anvil element 26. It can be clearly seen that the component 1 is deformed beyond the shape specification 3 by the straightening force 11, caused by the straightening element 23 at the end of the straightening stroke 32 thereof. In the case of an elastic restoration of the component 1, it can be in particular achieved on account thereof that a plastic deformation of the component 1 nevertheless remains, in particular preferably in such a manner that the new shape 2 of the component 1 corresponds to the shape specification 3. This is shown in particular in FIG. 4. The straightening element 23 in the return stroke 35 thereof is again retracted in a movement of which the movement direction is counter to the contact stroke 31 or to the straightening stroke 32, respectively. This is carried out in particular so far until the contact force between the straightening element 23 and the component 1 as measured by the contact force sensor 25 becomes particularly minor. Particularly minor in the context of the invention herein means in particular approx. 50 N. By way of this definition of the position of the straightening element 23 after the return stroke 35, a position, or a shape 2 of the component 1, respectively, after implementation of a straightening process, can thus also be ascertained. A removal of the component 1 from the straightening device 20 for measuring the shape 2 of the component 1, said removal also in particular being time- and labor-intensive, can be avoided on account thereof. Overall, a particularly simple, time and cost saving straightening of a distortion 4 of a component 1 can thus be provided by a straightening device 20 according to the embodiment of the invention, or a method according to the embodiment of the invention.
(9) FIGS. 5 and 6 show in each case a straightening stroke 32 and a return stroke 35, illustrated in a schematic manner for a component 1. The component 1 herein prior to the implementation of the straightening stroke 32 is in a shape which has a distortion 4. Furthermore drawn is a shape specification 3 which is to be achieved by straightening the distortion. There is a deviation 5 which has to be overcome between the shape 2 of the component and the shape specification 3 of the component. The deviation 5 herein is considered as already having been overcome when the shape 2 of the component 1 after the implementation of the method according to the embodiment of the invention is within a tolerance 6 about the shape specification 3. It is furthermore illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6 that the straightening stroke 32 is composed of a straightening proportion 33 and an overpressing proportion 34. Herein, the straightening proportion 33 is that proportion of the straightening stroke 32 that corresponds to the deviation 5 and thus corresponds to a deformation of the component 1 from the shape 2 of the latter having the distortion 4 up to the shape specification 3. The overpressing proportion 34 corresponds to that proportion of the straightening stroke 32 that goes beyond this straightening proportion 33. A plastic deformation of the component 1 is to be insured by this overpressing proportion 34, and an elastic restoration of the component 1 is to be equalized by said overpressing proportion 34. In the situation illustrated in FIG. 5, a return stroke 35 which represents a terminal position outside the tolerance range 6 is illustrated. The difference 36 between the beginning of the straightening stroke 32 and the end of the return stroke 35 is thus smaller than a difference between the deviation 5 and the tolerance 6. On account thereof, a further straightening stroke is required in order for a terminal position of the component 1 that is within the tolerance 6 about the shape specification 3 to be achieved after the implementation of the ram stroke 30 (not conjointly illustrated). This is shown in FIG. 6, for example. Here, the return stroke 35 already ends so close to the shape specification 3 in such a manner that the difference 36 is larger than a difference between the deviation 5 and the tolerance 6. A shape 2 of the component 1 is thus so close to the shape specification 3 that the distortion 4 can be considered as having been straightened. In a third possibility (not conjointly illustrated), the difference 36 between the beginning of the straightening stroke 32 and the end of the return stroke 35 can be larger than the sum of the deviation 5 and the tolerance 6. In this case, the component 1 has been over-straightened and now has to be re-straightened in the opposite direction. To this end, a removal of the component 1 from the straightening device 20 (not conjointly illustrated) is often required. Such an oscillating approximation to the shape specification 3 is therefore to be avoided. This can be achieved by choosing a suitable straightening scenario 10 which in particular has a straightening stroke 32 (not conjointly illustrated) that is adapted to the distortion 4 ascertained.
(10) FIGS. 7 and 8 show two potential distortion scenarios of a distortion 4. A linear distortion scenario herein is shown in FIG. 7. Said linear distortion scenario is characterized in particular in that the shape 2 of the component 1 has two regions which at least substantially correspond to the shape specification 3, but are mutually distorted by a locally delimited bend. A distortion 4 of this type is referred to as a linear distortion. A linear distortion 4 of this type herein can be established in particular in that a curvature of the shape 2 of the component 1, in particular a two-dimensional curvature which can be determined as a second derivation, changes suddenly, in particular changes abruptly, at this special point. In this case, a straightening scenario 10 (not conjointly illustrated) in which a straightening force 11 is introduced into the component 1 at this point of the sudden change in the curvature can be determined. It can be achieved on account thereof that the distorted part of the component 1 in a localized manner folds back directly at the location of the distortion 4, on account of which the shape 2 of the component 1 again corresponds to the shape specification 3, or at least substantially corresponds to the latter, respectively. A further potential distortion scenario of a distortion 4 is shown in FIG. 8. The shape 2 of the component 1 there does not change suddenly but continuously, in particular in a polynomial manner. A distortion 4 of this type is therefore also referred to as polynomial distortion 4. As opposed to a linear distortion 4 in which a curvature of the shape 2 of the component 1 changes suddenly, a sudden change of this type does not arise in the case of a polynomial distortion 4. Since the distortion 4 takes place continuously, a straightening scenario 10 (not conjointly illustrated) in which a straightening force 11 is introduced into the component 1 at the location of the maximum distortion 4 can be preferably determined in this case. It can be achieved on account thereof that at least part of the straightening force 11 acts across the entire distortion path, on account of which the entire distortion 4 can likewise be deformed in such a manner that the shape 2 of the component 1 after the implementation of the method corresponds to the shape specification 3 or at least substantially corresponds to the latter.
LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS
(11) 1 Component 2 Shape 3 Shape specification 4 Distortion 5 Deviation 6 Tolerance 10 Straightening scenario 11 Straightening force 20 Straightening device 21 Clamping element 22 Clamping position 23 Straightening element 24 Straightening position 25 Contact force sensor 26 Anvil element 27 Anvil position 28 Control element 30 Ram stroke 31 Contact stroke 32 Straightening stroke 33 Straightening proportion 34 Overpressing proportion 35 Return stroke 36 Difference
(12) The foregoing disclosure has been set forth merely to illustrate the invention and is not intended to be limiting. Since modifications of the disclosed embodiments incorporating the spirit and substance of the invention may occur to persons skilled in the art, the invention should be construed to include everything within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
