METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING INFORMATION OF AN UNCODED CHANNEL IN AN ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING SYSTEM

Abstract

A method apparatus and system for efficiently transmitting and receiving channels are provided in a wireless communication system based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). A multiplexing scheme differs according to a channel when a transmitter transmits a packet data channel, a common control channel and a control channel designated for a particular user. Uncoded 1-bit information is broadly dispersed in frequency and time domains using multiplexing technology for maximizing diversity gain in a channel for transmitting information of at least one bit to a particular user like an acknowledgement (ACK) channel. The transmitter converts a sequence obtained by multiplexing multiple bits to be transmitted to a plurality of users to parallel signals, and broadly disperses the parallel signals in the time and frequency domains. When the uncoded 1-bit information is transmitted, reception reliability is improved because channel coding and transmission are efficiently performed using a small amount of resources.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting control information by a base station in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, the method comprising: spreading, by the base station, acknowledgement (ACK) information by applying a code from a set of codes; mapping, by the base station, the spread ACK information to subcarriers in a pattern for increasing diversity gain of the spread ACK information; encoding, by the base station, other control information based on a channel encoding scheme without spreading; multiplexing, by the base station, the spread ACK information mapped to the subcarriers and the encoded other control information; and transmitting the multiplexed information to at least one terminal.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the spread ACK information is mapped based on an ACK channel index.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the spread ACK information is mapped to a plurality of OFDM symbols.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the ACK information is spread using a spreading factor.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: allocating an ACK channel corresponding to the ACK information based on a spreading factor or a fast fourier transform (FFT) size.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the ACK channel is allocated when a number of terminals within a region of the base station exceeds the spreading factor or the FFT size.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the mapping of the subcarriers comprises mapping the subcarriers in a particular subband.

8. A base station for transmitting control information in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, the base station comprising: a controller configured to: spread acknowledgement (ACK) information by applying a code from a set of codes, map the spread ACK information to subcarriers in a pattern for increasing diversity gain of the spread ACK information, encode other control information based on a channel encoding scheme without spreading, and multiplex the spread ACK information mapped to the subcarriers and the encoded other control information; and a transceiver coupled with the controller and configured to transmit the multiplexed information to at least one terminal.

9. The base station of claim 8, wherein the spread ACK information is mapped based on an ACK channel index.

10. The base station of claim 8, wherein the spread ACK information is mapped to a plurality of OFDM symbols.

11. The base station of claim 8, wherein the ACK information is spread using a spreading factor.

12. The base station of claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to allocate an ACK channel corresponding to the ACK information based on a spreading factor or a fast fourier transform (FFT) size.

13. The base station of claim 12, wherein the ACK channel is allocated when a number of terminals within a region of the base station exceeds the spreading factor or the FFT size.

14. The base station of claim 8, wherein the mapping of the subcarriers comprises mapping the subcarriers in a particular subband.

15. A method for receiving control information by a terminal in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, the method comprising: receiving, by the terminal, information from a base station; demultiplexing, by the terminal, the received information to output spread acknowledgement (ACK) information and other control information, the spread ACK information being mapped on subcarriers in a pattern for increasing diversity gain of the spread ACK information; despreading, by the terminal, the spread ACK information by applying a code from a set of codes; and decoding, by the terminal, the other control information based on a channel encoding scheme.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the spread ACK information is mapped based on an ACK channel index.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the spread ACK information is mapped to a plurality of OFDM symbols.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the spread ACK information is spread using a spreading factor.

19. The method of claim 15, further comprising: receiving information through an ACK channel corresponding to the ACK information allocated based on a spreading factor or a fast fourier transform (FFT) size.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the ACK channel is allocated when a number of terminals within a region of a base station exceeds the spreading factor or the FFT size.

21. The method of claim 15, wherein the spread ACK information is mapped on the subcarriers in a particular subband.

22. A terminal for receiving control information in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, the terminal comprising: a transceiver configured to receive information from a base station; and a controller coupled with the transceiver and configured to: demultiplex the received information to output spread acknowledgement (ACK) information and other control information, the spread ACK information being mapped on subcarriers in a pattern for increasing diversity gain of the spread ACK information, despread the spread ACK information by applying a code from a set of codes, and decode the other control information based on a channel encoding scheme.

23. The terminal of claim 22, wherein the spread ACK information is mapped based on an ACK channel index.

24. The terminal of claim 22, wherein the spread ACK information is mapped to a plurality of OFDM symbols.

25. The terminal of claim 22, wherein the spread ACK information is spread using a spreading factor.

26. The terminal of claim 22, wherein the controller is further configured to receive information through an ACK channel corresponding to the ACK information allocated based on a spreading factor or a fast fourier transform (FFT) size.

27. The terminal of claim 26, wherein the ACK channel is allocated when a number of terminals within a region of a base station exceeds the spreading factor or the FFT size.

28. The terminal of claim 22, wherein the spread ACK information is mapped on the subcarriers in a particular subband.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The above and other objects and aspects of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0025] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a structure of a conventional transmitter in a wireless communication system based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM);

[0026] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a structure of a conventional Orthogonal Frequency Code Division Multiplexing (OFCDM) transmitter in the wireless communication system based on OFDM;

[0027] FIGS. 3 to 5 illustrate simulation results of a performance comparison between the OFDM and OFCDM schemes;

[0028] FIG. 6 illustrates simulation results of reception reliability when uncoded 1-bit information is transmitted to a particular user in the wireless communication system based on the OFDM or OFCDM scheme;

[0029] FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method for transmitting uncoded information in an OFDM system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a structure of an apparatus for transmitting uncoded information in the OFDM system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a structure of an apparatus for transmitting uncoded information in the OFDM system in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate an example of mapped subcarriers in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a structure of an apparatus for receiving uncoded information in the OFDM system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method for receiving uncoded information in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and

[0035] FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a channel allocation process and a system parameter setting process when uncoded information is transmitted in the OFDM system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

[0036] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail herein below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, detailed descriptions of functions and configurations incorporated herein that are well known to those skilled in the art are omitted for clarity and conciseness.

[0037] Before exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described, an exemplary concept of the present invention will be briefly described.

[0038] When different types of channels, for example, a packet data channel, a common control channel, and a control channel designated for a particular user, are configured in a wireless communication system, reception performance may be degraded according to a transmission scheme if only a particular multiplexing scheme is used. This reception performance degradation may occur when information of at least one bit is transmitted in a channel for transmitting Acknowledgement/Non-acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) information to a particular user and a channel for transmitting a power control bit or when uncoded information is transmitted. Conventionally, 1-bit control information is transmitted as the uncoded information.

[0039] That is, FIG. 6 illustrates simulation results of reception reliability when uncoded 1-bit information is transmitted to a particular user in a wireless communication system using an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) or Orthogonal Frequency Code Division Multiplexing (OFCDM) scheme. In the simulation results of FIGS. 3 to 5, it can be seen that the relative reception performance superiority between the OFDM and OFCDM schemes differs according to a code rate. Moreover, it can be seen that the performance of the OFCDM scheme is superior when a code rate of a transmission packet is high in a data channel and the performance of the OFDM scheme is superior when a code rate of a transmission packet is low in the data channel. Moreover, it can be seen that the reception performance of the OFCDM scheme is superior when uncoded 1-bit information is transmitted at an uncoded Bit Error Rate (BER) as illustrated in FIG. 6.

[0040] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention propose technology for transmitting and receiving information by broadly dispersing 1-bit information to be transmitted to a plurality of users in frequency and time domains using a unitary transform technique such as a Hadamard transform or Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) such that diversity gain can be maximized when the 1-bit information and/or uncoded information are transmitted to a particular user.

[0041] For convenience, an ACK channel corresponding to a channel for transmitting uncoded 1-bit information in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the transmission/reception method and apparatus of the present invention described below can be applied to other channels for transmitting 1 bit to a particular user that are similar to the ACK channel or an uncoded channel (for example, a channel for transmitting a power control bit).

[0042] FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method for transmitting uncoded information in an OFDM system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Using the transmission method of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a base station determines whether an associated channel is a coded channel or an uncoded channel when information of each channel is transmitted in step 701. If the associated channel is an uncoded channel such as an ACK channel as a result of the determination in step 701, the base station performs a unitary transform on information of 1-bits to be transmitted to a plurality of users using a Hadamard transform or FFT technique in step 703. After the information of 1-bits on which the unitary transform has been performed is mapped to subcarriers such that the maximum diversity gain can be obtained in step 705, they are multiplexed with other channel information and are dispersed in the time and frequency domains in step 707. On the other hand, if it is determined in step 701 that the associated channel is the coded channel, information of the associated channel is transmitted in the OFDM scheme using the transmitter structure as illustrated in FIG. 1. Information to be transmitted in the OFDM scheme may be information of a control channel carrying control information to be commonly transmitted to the users or information of a data channel with characteristics different from those of the ACK channel.

[0044] FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a channel allocation process and a system parameter setting process when uncoded information is transmitted in the OFDM system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As an example of the uncoded information, an ACK/NACK bit will be described.

[0045] In step 1301 of FIG. 13, a base station controls a subcarrier mapper within a transmitter described below such that one ACK channel is mapped to subcarriers within one transmission unit in the time and frequency domains. In step 1303, the base station sets a system parameter of the ACK channel according to a type of a used unitary transform processor. For example, when a Hadamard transform processor is used as the unitary transform processor, a spreading factor (SF_ACKCH) is set as the system parameter. When an FFT processor is used, an FFT size is set as the system parameter. Subsequently, the base station allocates an ACK channel index for each terminal at a call setup time in step 1305. At this time, when the Hadamard transform processor is used as the unitary transform processor, a Walsh code index is allocated to each terminal. When the FFT processor is used as the unitary transform processor, an FFT input position for each terminal is allocated.

[0046] Subsequently, the base station determines whether the number of terminals located within an associated region exceeds a system parameter value in step 1307. If the number of terminals exceeds the spreading factor or the FFT size, the base station proceeds to step 1309 to additionally allocate an ACK channel. Herein, the additional ACK channel allocation is performed whenever the number of terminals exceeds the system parameter value. For example, when the spreading factor (SF_ACKCH) is 16, the number of terminals for which one channel can be supported is 16. If the number of terminals is more than 16, it means that another ACK channel is to be allocated. In step 1311, the base station transmits an ACK/NACK bit to each terminal through the ACK channel allocated as described above.

[0047] FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a structure of an apparatus for transmitting uncoded information in the OFDM system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. This apparatus is provided in a base station or the like.

[0048] In FIG. 8, Walsh covers 801 receive ACK/NACK bits to be transmitted to multiple users #1˜#N and cover (or spread) the received ACK/NACK bits with Walsh codes (or Walsh functions) allocated thereto. The Walsh codes (or Walsh functions) may use codes agreed to between the base station and user terminals using L3 signaling or the like. An adder 803 computes a sum of the ACK/NACK bits covered with the Walsh codes, and inputs the ACK/NACK bit sum to a subcarrier mapper 807. The Walsh covers 801 and the adder 803 configure a Hadamard transform processor 805 for performing a unitary transform.

[0049] Under control of a controller 808, the subcarrier mapper 807 maps the ACK/NACK bits to subcarriers such that the maximum diversity gain can be obtained. For example, the subcarrier mapper 807 performs the mapping process such that the subcarriers are dispersed on the time and frequency axes as illustrated in FIG. 10A. The controller 808 controls the system parameter setting process and the channel allocation process for an ACK/NACK bit transmission as described with reference to FIG. 13.

[0050] FIG. 10A illustrates an example of the mapped subcarriers 11 in shaded regions. The subcarriers mapped as illustrated in FIG. 10A are dispersed to transmit the ACK/NACK bits such that the maximum diversity gain can be obtained on the time and frequency axes. It is to be noted that the subcarrier mapper 807 operates in a unit of multiple OFDM symbols rather than one OFDM symbol. In one example, a pattern of one ACKCH #1 illustrated in FIG. 10A, in other words frequency and time positions of subcarriers in one transmission unit, can be predefined through the ACK channel index as described with reference to FIG. 13 and can be agreed between the base station and the terminals. In the event that the subcarrier allocation pattern configures one ACK channel as illustrated in FIG. 10A, a different subcarrier allocation pattern for an additionally allocated ACK channel is distinguished and indicated by the ACK channel index as described with reference to FIG. 13.

[0051] A Multiplexer (MUX) 815 multiplexes an output of the subcarrier mapper 807 with information of other control channels and then outputs a multiplexing result. Herein, the other control channels are control channels with characteristics different from those of the ACK channel, for example uncoded channels or coded channels for transmitting control information of multiple bits rather than one bit. A transmission of the other control channels conforms to the OFDM transmission scheme as described with reference to FIG. 1. A channel encoder 809, a modulator 811, and an SPC 813 of FIG. 8 are used to transmit the other control channel information.

[0052] That is, the channel encoder 809 encodes the other control channel information (or channel information of multiple bits). The modulator 811 modulates the encoded information. The SPC 813 converts the modulated information to parallel signals. The parallel signals are multiplexed along with an output of the subcarrier mapper 807. A multiplexing result is input to an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processor 817. IFFT signals are converted to a serial signal in a PSC (not illustrated). A CP inserter 819 inserts a CP for preventing interference into the serial signal, and transmits the signal into which the CP has been inserted to a wireless network through an RF processor 821 and an antenna 823.

[0053] FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a structure of an apparatus for transmitting uncoded information in the OFDM system in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. This apparatus is provided in a base station and the like. Because the remaining components 903˜919 except an FFT processor 901 in the structure of FIG. 9 perform the same operations as those of FIG. 8, their description is omitted.

[0054] The exemplary embodiment of FIG. 9 uses the FFT processor 901 in the place of the Hadamard transform processor 805 of FIG. 8 for performing the unitary transform. Accordingly, ACK/MACK bits of multiple users #1˜#N on which the unitary transform has been performed through the FFT processor 901 are mapped to subcarriers. The MUX 911 multiplexes the ACK/NACK bits with information of other control channels for transferring channel information of multiple bits, such that the channel information is transmitted to a wireless network.

[0055] The exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 8 and 9 use the unitary transform processors such as the Hadamard transform processor 805 and the FFT processor 901. Also, there can be used transform processors with quasi-unitary characteristics, in other words transform processors in which multiple sets are provided, elements of the same set are orthogonal to each other, and cross talk is minimized between elements of different sets.

[0056] In the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 8 and 9, the subcarrier mappers 807 and 903 map subcarriers as illustrated in FIG. 10A such that diversity gain of the ACK/NACK bits on which the unitary transform has been performed can be maximized. Also, the subcarriers can be mapped such that high diversity gain is obtained as illustrated in FIG. 10B. It can be useful that a diversity is obtained in a particular subband 13 as illustrated in FIG. 10B when a terminal prefers a particular subband, in other words a base station transmitter knows that a channel state of the particular subband is good and channel states of the remaining subbands are bad.

[0057] Next, a receiver of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12. For convenience, an operation for receiving ACK/NACK bits will be described also in an exemplary embodiment of the receiver.

[0058] FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a structure of an apparatus for receiving uncoded information in the OFDM system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. This apparatus is provided in a user terminal and so on.

[0059] In the receiver structure of FIG. 11, the remaining components 1101 1109 and 1113˜1117 except a Demultiplexer (DEMUX) 1111, a unitary transform processor 1119, and a controller 1121 have the same configurations as those of a conventional OFDM receiver. In FIG. 11, an OFDM symbol received through the antenna 1101 and the RF processor 1103 includes ACK/NACK bits. The CP remover 1105 removes a CP from the received OFDM symbol. The SPC 1107 converts a signal from which the CP has been removed to parallel signals. The parallel signals are input to the FFT processor 1109. The DEMUX 1111 demultiplexes an output of the FFT processor 1109 according to a type of received channel, and outputs a demultiplexing result to a predefined path.

[0060] For channels for transferring control information of multiple bits, a reception path is set to a first path connected to the PSC 1113. The channels are demodulated and decoded according to the conventional OFDM reception operation. For channels for transferring uncoded 1-bit information such as an ACK/NACK bit, a reception path is set to a second path connected to the unitary transform processor 1119. Under control of the controller 1121, the channels undergo an inverse Hadamard transform or IFFT, such that the ACK/NACK bit and the like are output.

[0061] When an inverse Hadamard transform processor is used as the inverse unitary transform processor 1119, it can be implemented with, for example, a component for performing Walsh decovering. In this case, the controller 1121 performs a control operation such that a Walsh decover can operate using a Walsh code allocated to an associated terminal.

[0062] FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method for receiving uncoded information in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. This method indicates a reception operation of a terminal and so on.

[0063] When the terminal receives information of a particular channel through a wireless network in step 1201, the DEMUX 1111 demultiplexes the received channel information to a predefined path according to a type of received channel in step 1203. Upon determining that the received channel is a channel for transmitting uncoded information such as an ACK/NACK bit in step 1205, the terminal performs an inverse unitary transform on the received information and outputs the transformed information in step 1207. Upon determining that the received channel is a coded channel for transmitting multiple bits in step 1205, the terminal processes the received information according to an OFDM reception operation in step 1209.

[0064] As is apparent from the above description, exemplary embodiments of the present invention can improve reception reliability of associated channels by providing an efficient transmission/reception method and apparatus when uncoded information or 1-bit information is transmitted to a user through a radio channel in a wireless communication system based on OFDM.

[0065] Moreover, exemplary embodiments of the present invention can improve diversity gain when 1-bit control information is transmitted to a plurality of users in an OFDM system.

[0066] Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions, and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but is defined by the following claims, along with their full scope of equivalents.