Cushioning Element for Sports Apparel

Abstract

Improved cushioning elements for sports apparel, in particular for soles for sports shoes, are described. A cushioning element for sports apparel with a first deformation element is provided. The deformation element includes a plurality of randomly arranged particles of an expanded material, wherein there are first voids within the particles and/or between the particles.

Claims

1-13. (canceled)

14. A shoe sole comprising at least one cushioning element for sports apparel, the at least one cushioning element further comprising: (a) a first deformation element comprising a plurality of randomly arranged particles of an expanded material; (b) wherein there are first voids within the particles and/or between the particles; (c) wherein the first deformation element takes up a first partial region of the cushioning element and wherein the cushioning element further comprises a second deformation element.

15. The shoe sole according to claim 14, wherein the second deformation element comprises a plurality of randomly arranged particles of an expanded material.

16. The shoe sole according to claim 14, wherein the first voids form one or more channels through the first deformation element that are permeable to air and/or liquids.

17. The shoe sole according to claim 16, further comprising a reinforcing element.

18. The shoe sole according to claim 17, wherein the reinforcing element is provided as a foil comprising thermoplastic urethane.

19. The shoe sole according to claim 17, wherein the reinforcing element comprises at least one opening which is arranged in such a way that air and/or a liquid passing through the one or more channels in the first deformation element can pass in at least one direction through the at least one opening in the reinforcing element.

20. A shoe comprising at least one cushioning element for sports apparel, the at least one cushioning element comprising: (a) a first deformation element comprising a plurality of randomly arranged particles of an expanded material; (b) wherein there are first voids within the particles and/or between the particles; (c) wherein the first deformation element takes up a first partial region of the at least one cushioning element and wherein the at least one cushioning element further comprises a second deformation element; (d) wherein the at least one cushioning element is provided as at least a part of a sole of the shoe, in particular as at least a part of a midsole or as at least a part of an insole.

21. The shoe sole according to claim 15, wherein there are second voids within the particles and/or between the particles of the second deformation element, and wherein the second voids are smaller on average than the first voids of the first deformation element.

22. The shoe sole according to claim 14, wherein the randomly arranged particles of an expanded material comprise one or more of the following cross-sectional profiles: ring-shaped, oval, square, polygonal, round, rectangular, and star-shaped.

23. The shoe sole according to claim 17, wherein the reinforcing element is a textile reinforcing element.

24. The shoe sole according to claim 17, wherein the reinforcing element is a foil-like reinforcing element.

25. The shoe sole according to claim 24, wherein the foil-like reinforcing element is air and/or liquid permeable in at least one direction.

26. The shoe sole according to claim 24, wherein the foil-like reinforcing element is air permeable in one or both directions and liquid permeable only one direction.

27. The shoe sole according to claim 17, wherein the reinforcing element is a fiber-like reinforcing element.

28. The shoe sole according to claim 17, wherein the reinforcing element comprises at least one opening which is arranged in such a way that air and/or a liquid passing through the one or more channels in the first deformation element can pass in at least one direction through the at least one opening in the reinforcing element.

29. A method of manufacturing a shoe sole comprising at least one cushioning element comprising at least one deformation element, the method comprising: inserting particles of an expanded material into a mold, each particle of the expanded material having a closed outer surface; subjecting the particles of the expanded material to a steaming process to at least partially melt the outer surfaces of the expanded material particles; forming a first deformation element by bonding the particles directly to each other at their outer surfaces while maintaining the integrity of the outer surfaces; and forming first voids between the particles.

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein, before inserting into the mold, the particles comprise a density of 10-150 g/l.

31. The method according to claim 29, further comprising: intermixing the particles of the expanded material with a further material which is subsequently removed or remains at least partially within the first voids of the first deformation element.

32. The method according to claim 29, wherein a solidified liquid resides in the first voids of the first deformation element.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee.

[0046] In the following detailed description, embodiments of the invention are described referring to the following figures:

[0047] FIG. 1 is a top view of a cushioning element configured as midsole, according to certain embodiments of the present invention.

[0048] FIG. 2 is a top view of particles of an expanded material which have an oval cross-sectional profile, according to certain embodiments of the present invention.

[0049] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a cushioning element provided as midsole, wherein a solidified liquid resides in the first voids, according to certain embodiments of the present invention.

[0050] FIG. 4 is a top view of a cushioning element provided as midsole with a first reinforcing element and a second foil-like reinforcing element, according to certain embodiments of the present invention.

[0051] FIG. 5 is a cross-section of a shoe with a cushioning element configured as a sole, and a reinforcing element which comprises a series of openings which are permeable to air and liquids, according to certain embodiments of the present invention.

[0052] FIG. 6 is a top view of a cushioning element provided as a midsole and with a deformation element which constitutes a first partial region of the cushioning element, according to certain embodiments of the present invention.

[0053] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a cushioning element configured as a midsole, which comprises a first deformation element and a second deformation element, according to certain embodiments of the present invention.

[0054] FIGS. 8a-b are schematic illustrations of the influence of the compression and re-expansion of the randomly arranged particles on an airflow through a first deformation element, according to certain embodiments of the present invention.

[0055] FIG. 9a is a lateral side view of a shoe comprising a cushioning element, according to certain embodiments of the present invention.

[0056] FIG. 9b is a medial side view of the shoe of FIG. 9a.

[0057] FIG. 9c is a rear view of the shoe of FIG. 9a.

[0058] FIG. 9d is a bottom view of the shoe of FIG. 9a.

[0059] FIGS. 9e and 9f are enlarged pictures of the cushioning element 905 of the shoe of FIG. 9a.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The subject matter of embodiments of the present invention is described here with specificity to meet statutory requirements, but this description is not necessarily intended to limit the scope of the claims. The claimed subject matter may be embodied in other ways, may include different elements or steps, and may be used in conjunction with other existing or future technologies. This description should not be interpreted as implying any particular order or arrangement among or between various steps or elements except when the order of individual steps or arrangement of elements is explicitly described.

[0061] In the following detailed description, embodiments of the invention are described with respect to midsoles. However, it is pointed out that the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. For example, the present invention may also be used for insoles as well as other sportswear, e.g. for shin-guards, protective clothing for martial arts, cushioning elements in the elbow region or the knee region for winter sports clothing and the like.

[0062] FIG. 1 shows a cushioning element 100 configured as part of a midsole, according to certain embodiments of the invention, which comprises a deformation element 110. The deformation element 110 has a plurality of randomly arranged particles 120 of an expanded material, whereby first voids 130 are comprised within the particles 120 and/or between the particles 120.

[0063] In the embodiments shown in FIG. 1, the deformation element 110 constitutes the whole cushioning element 100. In further preferred embodiments, however, the deformation element 110 takes up only one or more partial regions of the cushioning element 100. It is also possible that the cushioning element 100 comprises several deformation elements 110, which each form a partial region of the cushioning element 100. Thereby, the different deformation elements 110 in the various partial regions of the cushioning element 100 may comprise particles 120 of the same expanded material or of different expanded materials. The voids 130 between the particles 120 of the expanded material of the respective deformation elements 110 may each, on average, also have the same size or different sizes.

[0064] The average size of the voids is to be determined, for example, by determining the volume of the voids in a defined sample amount of the manufactured deformation element, e.g. in 1 cubic centimeter of the manufactured deformation element. A further possibility to determine the average size of the voids is, for example, to measure the diameter of a specific number of voids, e.g. of 10 voids, and to subsequently form the mean value of the measurements. As a diameter of a void, for example, the largest and the smallest distance between the walls of the respective void may come into play, or another value which may be consistently measured by the skilled person.

[0065] By an appropriate combination of different expanded materials and/or different average sizes of the voids 130, deformation elements 110 with different properties for the construction of a cushioning element 100 may be combined with each other. Thereby, the properties of the cushioning element 100 may be influenced locally by selection.

[0066] To reiterate, the cushioning elements 100, according to one or more aspects of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, are not only suitable for manufacturing shoe soles, but may also be advantageously used in the field of other sports apparel.

[0067] In certain embodiments, the particles 120 of the expanded material may comprise in particular one or more of the following materials: expanded ethylene-vinyl-acetate (eEVA), expanded thermoplastic urethane (eTPU), expanded polypropylene (ePP), expanded polyamide (ePA), expanded polyether block amid (ePEBA), expanded polyoxymethylene (ePOM), expanded polystyrene (ePS), expanded polyethylene (ePE), expanded polyethylene (ePOE), expanded polyoxyethylene (ePOE), and expanded ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (eEPDM).

[0068] Each of these materials has characteristic properties which, according to the respective requirement profile of the cushioning element 100, may be advantageously used for manufacture. So, in particular, eTPU has excellent cushioning properties which remain unchanged at higher or lower temperatures. Furthermore, eTPU is very elastic and returns the energy stored during compression almost completely during subsequent expansion, which may be helpful in embodiments of cushioning elements 100 that are used for shoe soles.

[0069] For manufacturing such a cushioning element 100, the particles 120 of the expanded material, according to further embodiments of the invention, may be introduced into a mold and subjected to a heating and/or pressurization and/or steaming process after filling the mold. By varying the parameters of the heating and/or pressurization and/or steaming process, the properties of the manufactured cushioning elements may be further influenced. As a result, it may be possible to influence the resulting thickness of the manufactured cushioning element or the shape or the size, respectively, of the voids 130 by the pressure to which the particles 120 are subjected in the mold. The thickness and the size of the voids 130 may thereby depend also on the pressure used for inserting the particles 120 into the mold. Therefore, in some embodiments, the particles 120 may be introduced into the mold by means of compressed air or a transport fluid.

[0070] The thickness of the manufactured cushioning element 100 is further influenced by the (mean) density of the particles 120 of the expanded material before filling the mold. In some embodiments, before filling the mold, this density lies in a range between 10-150 g/l, and may further lie in a range between 10-100 g/l, and may even further lie in a range of 10-50 g/l. These ranges may be beneficial for the manufacture of cushioning elements 100 for sports apparel, in particular for shoe soles. According to the specific profile requirements for sports apparel, however, other densities are imaginable too. For example, higher densities come into consideration for a cushioning element 100 of a shin-guard which has to absorb higher forces, whereas lower densities are also possible for a cushioning element 100 in a sleeve. In general, by appropriately selecting the density of the particles 120, the properties of the cushioning element 100 may be advantageously influenced according to the respective profile requirements.

[0071] It is to be appreciated that the manufacturing methods, options, and parameters described herein allow the manufacture of a cushioning element 100 with a first deformation element 110 comprising a “loose” arrangement of randomly arranged particles 120, as shown in FIG. 1. Even in the presence of first voids 130, which may further form channels or cavities (cf. below) or even a network of voids, channels and cavities in between the randomly arranged particles 120, the necessary stability of the first deformation element 110 may be provided. For example, by at least partially fusing the surfaces of the particles 120 by means of a steaming process or other processes, the resulting bond is strong enough to ensure that particles 120 arranged at the surface of such a first deformation element 110 or cushioning element 100 are not “picked off” during use.

[0072] According to further embodiments of the invention, the particles 120 of the expanded material for the manufacture of the cushioning element 100 are first intermixed with a further material. The particles may be of another expanded or non-expanded material, a powder, a gel, a liquid, or the like. In certain embodiments, wax-containing materials or materials that behave like wax are used. In certain embodiments, the additional material is removed from the voids 130 in a later manufacturing step, for example, after filling the mixture into a mold and/or after a heating and/or pressurizing and/or steaming process. The additional material may, for example, be removed again from the voids 130 by a further heat treatment, by compressed air, by means of a solvent, or by other suitable process. By an appropriate selection of the further material and of the ratio between the amount of particles 120 and the amount of further material, as well as the manner in which the further material is removed again, the properties of the deformation element 110 and thereby of the cushioning element 100 and, in particular, the shape and size of the voids 130 may be influenced. In other embodiments of the present invention, the additional material may remain at least partially in the voids 130, which may have a positive influence on stability and/or tensile strength of the cushioning element 100.

[0073] According to further embodiments of the invention, the particles 120 may also show different cross-sectional profiles. There may, for example, be particles 120 with ring-shaped, oval, square, polygonal, round, rectangular, or star-shaped cross-section. The particles 120 may have a tubular form, i.e. comprise a channel, or else may have a closed surface which may surround a hollow space inside. The shape of the particles 120 has a substantial influence on the packing density of the particles 120 after insertion into the mold. The packing density depends further on, e.g., the pressure under which the particles 120 are filled into the mold or to which they are subjected in the mold, respectively. Furthermore, the shape of the particles 120 has an influence on whether the particles 120 comprise a continuous channel or a closed surface. The same applies to the pressure used during the filling of the mold and/or within the mold, respectively. In a similar manner, the shape and the average size of the voids 130 between the particles 120 may be influenced.

[0074] Furthermore, the configuration of the particles 120 and the pressure used during filling and/or in the mold determine the likelihood that the voids 130 form one or more channels permeable to air and/or to liquids through the deformation element 110. As the particles 120 are arranged randomly, according to certain embodiments of the invention, such continuous channels develop, with certain statistical likelihood, independently without the need of specific expensive manufacturing processes, such as an alignment of the particles 120 or the use of complicated molds. The likelihood of this autonomous channel formation depends, inter alia, on the shape of the particles 120, in particular on the maximum achievable packing density of the particles 120 within a given shape. So, for instance, cuboid particles 120 may, as a rule, be packed more densely than star-shaped or round/oval particles 120, which leads to smaller voids 130 on average and to a reduced likelihood of the development of channels permeable to air and/or liquids. There is also a higher probability that channels develop that are permeable to air, because air is gaseous and therefore able to pass through very small channels which are not permeable to liquids due to the surface tension of the liquid. As a result, deformation elements 110 may be manufactured without increased manufacturing efforts by an appropriate selection of the shape and size of the particles 120 and/or an appropriate filling pressure of the particles 120, and/or an adaption of the parameters of the heating and/or pressurizing and/or steaming process to which the particles 120 are possibly subjected in the mold, these deformation elements 110 being indeed breathable, while also being impermeable to liquids. This combination of properties is particularly advantageous for sports apparel which is worn outdoors.

[0075] Moreover, the first voids 130 may also form one or more cavities in which air is trapped. In this manner, the heat insulation of the cushioning element 100 may be increased. As will be appreciated, air may comprise a lower heat conduction than solid materials, e.g. the particles 120 of the expanded material. Hence, by interspersing the first deformation element 110 with air filled cavities, the overall heat conduction of the first deformation element 110 and thus the cushioning element 100 may be reduced so that the foot of a wearer, e.g., is better insulated against loss of body heat through the foot.

[0076] In general, some of the first voids 130 may form one or more cavities that trap air inside them, and some of the first voids 130 may form one or more channels throughout the first deformation element 110 that are permeable to air and/or liquids.

[0077] As already suggested above, whether the first voids 130 between the randomly arranged particles 120 predominantly form cavities that trap air inside them or predominantly form channels permeable to air and/or liquids may depend on the size, shape, material, density and so forth of the randomly arranged particles 120 and also on manufacturing parameters like temperature, pressure, packing density of the particles 120, etc. It may also depend on the pressure load on the first deformation element 110 or cushioning element 100.

[0078] For example, the forefoot region or the heel region of the first deformation element 110 will experience a strong compression during a gait cycle, e.g. during landing on the heel or push-off over the forefoot. Under such a pressure load, potential channels through the first deformation element 110 might be sealed. Also, during landing or push-off, the foot may be in close contact with the top surface of cushioning element 100. This condition might reduce the breathability. Sealing of the channels may, however, lead to the formation of additional cavities within the first deformation element 110, trapping air inside them, and thus increase the heat insulation of the cushioning element 100, which is particularly important during ground contact, because here a large amount of body heat might be lost.

[0079] After push-off of the foot, on the other hand, the randomly arranged particles 120 of the first deformation element 110 might re-expand, leading to a re-opening of the channels. Also, in the expanded state, some of the cavities present in the loaded state might open up and form channels through the first deformation element 110 that are permeable to air and/or liquids. Also the foot may not be in tight contact with the top surface of the cushioning element 100 anymore during such periods of the gait cycle. Hence, breathability might be increased during this phase whereas heat insulation might be reduced.

[0080] This interplay between the formation of channels and cavities within the first deformation element 110 depending on the state of compression may provide a preferred direction to an airflow through the first deformation element 110 and cushioning element 100, e.g. in the direction of the compression and re-expansion. For a cushioning element 100 arranged in the sole of a shoe, e.g., the compression and re-expansion in a direction from the foot to the ground during a gait cycle may guide and control airflow in that direction.

[0081] FIGS. 8a-b show an illustration of a directed airflow through a cushioning/deformation element discussed above. Shown is a cushioning element 800 with a first deformation element 810 that comprises randomly arranged particles 820 of an expanded material. There are also first voids 830 between and/or within the particles 820. FIG. 8a shows a compressed state wherein the compression is effected by a pressure acting in a vertical direction in the example shown here. FIG. 8b shows a re-expanded state of the first deformation element 810, wherein the (main) direction of re-expansion is indicated by the arrow 850.

[0082] It is clear to the skilled purpose that FIGS. 8a-b only serve illustrative purposes and the situation shown in these figures may deviate from the exact conditions found in an actual cushioning element. In particular, in an actual cushioning element, the particles 820 and voids 830 form a three-dimensional structure whereas here only two dimensions may be shown. This means, in particular, that in an actual cushioning element the potential channels formed by the voids 830 may also “wind through” the first deformation element 810, including in directions perpendicular to the image plane of FIGS. 8a-b.

[0083] In the compressed state, as shown in FIG. 8a, the individual particles 820 are compressed and deformed. Because of this deformation of the particles 820, the voids 830 in the first deformation element 810 may change their dimensions and arrangement. In particular, channels winding through the first deformation element 810 in the unloaded state might now be blocked by some of the deformed particles 820. On the other hand, additional cavities may, for example, be formed within the first deformation element 810 by sections of sealed or blocked channels. Hence, an airflow through the first deformation element might be reduced or blocked, as indicated by the arrows 860.

[0084] With re-expansion 850 of the first deformation element 810, cf. FIG. 8b, the particles 820 may also re-expand and return (more or less) to the form and shape they had before the compression. By this re-expansion, which may predominantly occur in the direction of the pressure that caused the deformation (i.e. a vertical direction in the case shown here, cf. 850), previously blocked channels might reopen and also previously present cavities might open up and connect to additional channels through the first deformation element 810. The re-opened and additional channels may herein predominantly “follow” the re-expansion 850 of the first deformation element 810, leading to a directed airflow through the first deformation element 810, as indicated by arrows 870. The re-expansion of the first deformation element 810 might even actively “suck in” air, further increasing the airflow 870.

[0085] Returning to the discussion of FIG. 1, a guided airflow as discussed above may, in particular, be employed in combination with the high energy return provided by a first deformation element 110 comprising randomly arranged particles 120 of an expanded material, e.g. eTPU. For example, in the forefoot region, the cushioning element 100 with the first deformation element 110 may provide high energy return to the foot of a wearer when pushing off over the toes. The re-expansion of the first deformation element 110 after push-off may also lead to a guided inflow of air into the forefoot region, leading to good ventilation and cooling of the foot. The re-expansion of the first deformation element 110 may even lead to a suction effect, sucking air into channels through the first deformation element 110, and may thus further facilitate ventilation and cooling of the foot. Such an efficient cooling may provide the foot of a wearer with additional “energy” and generally improve performance, well-being and endurance of an athlete.

[0086] A similar effect may also be provided, e.g., in the heel region of the cushioning element 100.

[0087] As a further option, it is also possible that the manufacture of the cushioning element 100 comprises the creation of one or more predefined channels (not shown) through the first deformation element 110 that are permeable to air and/or liquids. This design may allow further balance between the heat insulating properties vs. the breathability of the cushioning element 100. The predefined channel(s) may be created by corresponding protrusions or needles in a mold that is used for the manufacture of the cushioning element 100.

[0088] FIG. 2 shows embodiments of particles 200 of an expanded material which have an oval cross-section. The particles have, in addition, a wall 210 and a continuous channel 220. Due to the oval shape of the particles 200 of the expanded material, voids 230 develop between the particles. The average size of these voids 230 may be dependent on the shape of the particles 200, in particular on the maximum achievable packing density of the particles 200 within a given mold, as explained above. So, for example, cuboid or cube-shaped particles may, as a rule, be packed more densely than spherical or oval-shaped particles 200. Furthermore, in a deformation element manufactured from the randomly arranged particles 200, due to the random arrangement of the particles 200, one or more channels permeable to air and/or liquids develop with a certain statistical probability, without requiring an alignment of the particles or the like, which significantly facilitates the manufacturing effort.

[0089] In the embodiments of the particles 200 shown in FIG. 2, the probability of a development of such channels is further increased by the tubular configuration of the particles 200 with the wall 210 and the continuous channel 220. For example, the channels permeable to air and/or liquids may extend along the channels 220 within the particles 200, along the voids 230 between the particles 200, and along a combination of the channels 220 within and the voids 230 between the particles 200.

[0090] The average size of the voids 230 as well as the probability of developing channels permeable to air and/or liquids in the finished deformation element depend furthermore on the pressure with which the particles are filled into a mold used for manufacture and/or on the parameters of the heating and/or pressurizing and/or steaming process to which the particles may be subjected in the mold. In addition, it is possible that the particles 200 have one or more different colors, which influences the optical appearance of the finished deformation element or cushioning element, respectively. In certain embodiments, the particles 200 are made of expanded thermoplastic urethane and are colored with a color comprising liquid thermoplastic urethane, which may lead to a very durable coloring of the particles and hence of the deformation element or cushioning element, respectively.

[0091] FIG. 3 shows further embodiments of a cushioning element 300 configured as a midsole and comprising a deformation element 310, according to certain embodiments of the present invention. The deformation element 310 comprises a number of randomly arranged particles 320 of an expanded material, whereby first voids 330 are present between the particles 320. In the embodiments shown in FIG. 3, however, a solidified liquid resides between the voids 330. Said solidified liquid 330 may, for instance, be a solidified liquid 330 comprising one or more of the following materials: thermoplastic urethane, ethylene-vinyl-acetate or other materials that are compatible with the respective expanded material of the particles 320. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the solidified liquid 330 may serve as transport fluid for filling the particles 320 of the expanded material into a mold used for manufacturing the cushioning element 300, whereby the transport fluid solidifies during the manufacturing process, for example, during a heating and/or pressurizing and/or steaming process. In further embodiments, the particles 320 introduced into a mold are continuously coated with the liquid 330 which solidifies gradually during this process.

[0092] The solidified liquid increases the stability, elasticity and/or tensile strength of the deformation element 310 and thus allows the manufacture of a very thin cushioning element 300, according to certain embodiments of the invention, which may reduce the weight of such a cushioning element 300. Furthermore, the low thickness of such a cushioning element 300 allows the use of the cushioning element 300 in regions of sports apparel where too great a thickness would lead to a significant impediment of the wearer, for example in the region of the elbow or the knee in case of outdoor and/or winter sports clothing, or for shin-guards or the like.

[0093] By means of an appropriate combination of the materials of the particles 320 and the solidified liquid 330, as well as a variation of the respective percentages in the deformation element 310, according to the present invention, deformation elements 310 with a plurality of different properties such as thickness, elasticity, tensile strength, compressibility, weight, and the like may be manufactured.

[0094] FIG. 4 shows further embodiments according to certain embodiments of the invention. FIG. 4 shows a cushioning element 410 configured as a midsole. The cushioning element 400 comprises a deformation element 410, which comprises a number of randomly arranged particles of an expanded material, with first voids being present within the particles and/or between the particles. The cushioning element 400 further comprises a first reinforcing element 420, which preferably is a textile and/or fiber-like reinforcing element 420. The reinforcing element 420 serves to increase the stability of the deformation element 410 in selected regions, in some embodiments shown in FIG. 4 in the region of the midfoot. The use of a textile and/or fiber-like reinforcing element 420 in combination with a deformation element 410 allows, according to one or more aspects of the present invention, the manufacture of a very light cushioning element 400 that nevertheless has the necessary stability. Such embodiments of a cushioning element 400 may be used in the construction of shoe soles. In further embodiments, the reinforcing element 420 may also be another element that increases the stability of the deformation element 420 or a decorative element or the like.

[0095] According to further embodiments of the invention, the cushioning element 400 shown in FIG. 4 furthermore comprises a foil-like reinforcing element 430. In certain embodiments, this is a foil comprising thermoplastic urethane. When combined with a deformation element 410, which comprises randomly arranged particles that comprise expanded thermoplastic urethane, such a foil 430 may form a chemical bond with the expanded particles that is extremely durable and resistant and, as such, does not require an additional use of adhesives. As a result, the manufacture of such cushioning elements 400 may be easier, more cost-effective and more environment-friendly.

[0096] The use of a foil-like reinforcing element 430 may increase the (form) stability of the cushioning element 400, while also protecting the cushioning element 400 against external influences, such as abrasion, moisture, UV light, or the like. In certain embodiments, the first reinforcing element 420 and/or the foil-like reinforcing element 430 further comprise at least one opening. The at least one opening may be arranged such that air and/or liquids flowing through one or more of the channels permeable to air and/or liquids may pass in at least one direction through the at least one opening. As a result, manufacture of breathable cushioning elements 400 is facilitated, while also using the advantages of additional reinforcing elements 420, 430 described above to protect against moisture from the outside. Thereby, in certain embodiments, the foil-like reinforcing element 430 is designed as a membrane that is permeable to air in both directions for breathability, but is permeable to liquids in one direction only, preferably in the direction from the foot outwards, so that no moisture from the outside may penetrate from the outside into the shoe and to the foot of the wearer.

[0097] FIG. 5 shows a schematic cross-section of a shoe 500, according to other embodiments of the present invention. The shoe 500 comprises a cushioning element designed as a midsole 505, which cushioning element comprises a deformation element 510 which may comprise randomly arranged particles of an expanded material. Here, voids are present within the particles and/or between the particles. Preferably, the voids, as described above, develop one or more channels permeable to air and/or liquids through the deformation element 510. In certain embodiments, the materials and the manufacturing parameters are selected such that the channels, as described above, are permeable to air, but not to liquids. This design enables the manufacture of a shoe 500 which, though being breathable, protects the foot of the wearer against moisture from the outside.

[0098] The cushioning element 505 shown in FIG. 5 further comprises a reinforcing element 520 which is configured as a cage element in the presented embodiments and which, for example, encompasses a three-dimensional shoe upper. In order to avoid negative influences on the breathability of the shoe, the reinforcing element 520 preferably comprises a succession of openings 530 arranged such that air and/or fluid flowing through the channels in the deformation element 510 may flow, in at least one direction, through the at least one opening 530 in the reinforcing element 520, e.g. from the inside to the outside. Furthermore, the cushioning element 505 preferably comprises a series of outer sole elements 540, which may fulfill a number of functions. As a result, the outer sole elements 540 may additionally protect the foot of the wearer against moisture and/or influence the cushioning properties of the sole 505 of the shoe 500 in a favorable manner and/or further increase the ground contact of the shoe 500 and so forth.

[0099] FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 show further embodiments of cushioning elements 600, 700 provided as midsoles, each comprising a first deformation element 610, 710 which takes up a first partial region of the cushioning element 600, 700, and a second deformation element 620, 720, which takes up a second partial region of the cushioning element 600, 700. The different deformation elements 610, 710, 620, 720 each comprise randomly arranged particles of an expanded material, with voids being present within the particles and/or between the particles of the deformation elements 610, 710, 620, 720. For the different deformation elements 610, 710, 620, 720, particles of the same expanded material or of different materials may be used. Furthermore, the particles may have the same cross-sectional profile or different shapes. The particles may also have different sizes, densities, colors etc. before filling into the molds (not shown), which are used for the manufacture of the cushioning elements 600, 700. According to certain embodiments of the invention, the particles for the first deformation element 610, 710 and the second deformation element 620, 720, as well as the manufacturing parameters, are selected such that the voids in the first deformation element 610 or 710, respectively, show a different size on average than the voids in the second deformation element 620 or 720.

[0100] For example, the particles and the manufacturing parameters (e.g. pressure, duration and/or temperature of a heating and/or pressurizing and/or steaming process) may be selected such that the voids in the second deformation element 620 or 720, respectively, are smaller on average than the voids in the first deformation element 610 or 710, respectively. Therefore, by combining different deformation elements, properties such as, elasticity, breathability, permeability to liquids, heat insulation, density, thickness, weight etc. of the cushioning element may be selectively influenced in individual partial regions, which increases the constructional freedom to a considerable extent. In further embodiments, the cushioning element comprises an even higher number (three or more) of different deformation elements which each take up a partial region of the cushioning element. Here, all deformation elements may comprise different properties (e.g., size of the voids), or several deformation elements may have similar properties or comprise the same properties.

[0101] As one example, it is conceivable that the randomly arranged particles in the first deformation element 610, 710 and the manufacturing parameters are chosen such that the first voids between and/or within the randomly arranged particles of the first deformation element 610, 710 predominantly form channels throughout the first deformation element 610, 710 that are permeable to air and/or liquids, thus creating good breathability in this region. The randomly arranged particles in the second deformation element 620, 720 and the manufacturing parameters may be chosen such that the second voids between and/or within the randomly arranged particles in the second deformation element 620, 720 predominantly form cavities which trap air inside them, thus creating good heat insulation in this region. The opposite situation is also possible.

[0102] Finally, FIGS. 9a-f show embodiments of a shoe 900 comprising embodiments of a cushioning element 905. FIG. 9a shows the lateral side of the shoe 900, and FIG. 9b shows the medial side. FIG. 9c shows the back of the shoe 900, and FIG. 9d shows the bottom side. Finally, FIGS. 9e and 9f show enlarged pictures of the cushioning element 905 of the shoe 900.

[0103] The cushioning element 905 comprises a first deformation element 910, comprising randomly arranged particles 920 of an expanded material with first voids 930 between the particles 920. All explanations and considerations put forth above with regard to the embodiments of cushioning elements 100, 300, 400, 505, 600, 700, 800 and first deformation elements 110, 310, 410, 510, 610, 710, 810 also apply here.

[0104] Furthermore, emphasis is once again put on the fact that by at least partially fusing the particle surfaces, e.g. by means of a steaming process or some other process, the resulting bond is strong enough so that the particles 920 are not “picked off” during use of the shoe 900.

[0105] The cushioning element further comprises a reinforcing element 950 and an outsole layer 960. Both reinforcing element 950 and outsole layer 960 may comprise several subcomponents that may or may not form one integral piece. In these embodiments shown here, the reinforcing element 950 comprises a pronation support in the medial heel region and a torsion bar in the region of the arch of the foot. The outsole layer 960 comprises several individual subcomponents arranged along the rim of the sole and in the forefoot region.

[0106] Finally, the shoe 900 comprises an upper 940.

[0107] The shoe 900 with cushioning element 905 may, in particular, provide a high energy return to the foot of a wearer, combined with good heat insulation properties during ground contact and high ventilation, potentially with directed airflow, during other times of a gait cycle, thus helping to increase wearing comfort, endurance, performance and general well-being of an athlete.

[0108] In the following, further examples are described to facilitate the understanding of the invention:

[0109] 1. Cushioning element for sports apparel, comprising:

[0110] a. a first deformation element comprising a plurality of randomly arranged particles of an expanded material;

[0111] b. wherein there are first voids within the particles and/or between the particles.

[0112] 2. Cushioning element according to example 1, wherein the particles of the expanded material comprise one or more of the following materials: expanded ethylene-vinyl-acetate, expanded thermoplastic urethane, expanded polypropylene, expanded polyamide; expanded polyether block amide, expanded polyoxymethylene, expanded polystyrene; expanded polyethylene, expanded polyoxyethylene, expanded ethylene propylene diene monomer.

[0113] 3. Cushioning element according to example 1 or 2, wherein the particles of the expanded material comprise one or more of the following cross-sectional profiles: ring-shaped, oval, square, polygonal, round, rectangular, star-shaped.

[0114] 4. Cushioning element according to one of the preceding examples 1-3, wherein the first deformation element is manufactured by inserting the particles of the expanded material into a mold and, after the inserting into the mold, subjecting the particles of the expanded material to a heating and/or a pressurization and/or a steaming process.

[0115] 5. Cushioning element according to example 4, wherein, before inserting into the mold, the particles comprise a density of 10-150 g/l, preferably 10-100 g/l and particularly preferably 10-50 g/l.

[0116] 6. Cushioning element according to one of the preceding examples 1-5, wherein the first deformation element is manufactured by intermixing the particles of the expanded material with a further material which is subsequently removed or remains at least partially within the first voids of the first deformation element.

[0117] 7. Cushioning element according to example 6, wherein a solidified liquid resides in the first voids of the first deformation element.

[0118] 8. Cushioning element according to one of the preceding examples 1-7, wherein the first voids form one or more cavities in which air is trapped.

[0119] 9. Cushioning element according to one of the preceding examples 1-8, wherein the first voids form one or more channels through the first deformation element that are permeable to air and/or liquids.

[0120] 10. Cushioning element according to one of the preceding examples 1-9, further comprising a reinforcing element, in particular a textile reinforcing element and/or a foil-like reinforcing element and/or a fiber-like reinforcing element.

[0121] 11. Cushioning element according to example 10, wherein the reinforcing element is provided as a foil comprising thermoplastic urethane.

[0122] 12. Cushioning element according to example 10 or 11 in combination with example 9, wherein the reinforcing element comprises at least one opening which is arranged in such a way that air and/or a liquid passing through the one or more channels in the first deformation element can pass in at least one direction through the at least one opening in the reinforcing element.

[0123] 13. Cushioning element according to one of the preceding examples 1-12, wherein the first deformation element takes up a first partial region of the cushioning element and wherein the cushioning element further comprises a second deformation element.

[0124] 14. Cushioning element according to example 13, wherein the second deformation element comprises a plurality of randomly arranged particles of an expanded material, wherein there are second voids within the particles and/or between the particles of the second deformation element, and wherein the second voids are smaller on average than the first voids of the first deformation element.

[0125] 15. Cushioning element according to one of the preceding examples 1-14, wherein the cushioning element is provided as at least a part of a sole of a shoe, in particular as at least a part of a midsole.

[0126] 16. Cushioning element according to one of the examples 1-14, wherein the cushioning element is provided as at least a part of an insole of a shoe.

[0127] 17. Shoe comprising at least one cushioning element according to example 15 and/or example 16.

[0128] Different arrangements of the components depicted in the drawings or described above, as well as components and steps not shown or described are possible. Similarly, some features and sub-combinations are useful and may be employed without reference to other features and sub-combinations. Embodiments of the invention have been described for illustrative and not restrictive purposes, and alternative embodiments will become apparent to readers of this patent. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above or depicted in the drawings, and various embodiments and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the claims below.