Method and apparatus for global warming monitor

Abstract

The Global Warming Monitor measures the effect of greenhouse gases on the temperature of a closed biosphere. Global warming of planet earth is then forecasted by comparing the values obtained by this method and apparatus with changes in global greenhouse gas levels.

The effect of greenhouse gases on the temperature of a biosphere is determined by correlating the incremental velocity of the bottom plate of the pressure controller with the initial, intermediate, and final temperature in the controller. A laser, timer, meter chart, and video camera are used to provide the incremental velocities.

The Global Warming Monitor provides a quantitative measurement of the effect greenhouse gases have on the velocity of the controller plate, vis--vis temperature. Global warming is then forecasted comparing the rates of increase of temperature from greenhouse gases in a biosphere with the change of concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases.

Claims

1. A method and apparatus for monitoring an atmosphere containing greenhouse gases to provide a quantification of the effect of the level of greenhouse gases has on a biosphere atmosphere: sampling the atmosphere to obtain samples thereof; determining the ambient and greenhouse gas content of the samples; determining the initial, intermediate, and final temperature of the atmosphere; determining the distance and time of the movement of the diaphragm plate of an atmospheric pressure controller through the use of a laser, timer, meter marker and video camera in a closed biosphere to determine velocity of the bottom plate; determining the integral velocity of the diaphragm plate at various closed biosphere greenhouse gas compositions and concentrations; correlating the diaphragm plate velocity with the initial, intermediate, and final temperature of a closed biosphere; and correlating the temperature of a closed biosphere with the closed biosphere greenhouse gas compositions and concentrations.

2. A method and apparatus for monitoring an atmosphere containing greenhouse gases to provide a quantification of the effect of the level of greenhouse gases has on a closed biosphere atmosphere: sampling of a closed biosphere atmosphere to obtain samples of water vapor, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone; determining the water vapor, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone content of the samples; varying the amount of water vapor, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone individually and collectively; determining the distance and time of the movement of the diaphragm plate of an atmospheric pressure controller through the use of a laser, timer, meter marker and video camera in a closed biosphere to determine velocity of the bottom plate; determining the integral velocity of the diaphragm plate at various closed biosphere greenhouse gas compositions and concentrations; correlating the diaphragm plate velocity with the initial, intermediate, and final temperature of a closed biosphere; and correlating the temperature of a closed biosphere with the closed biosphere greenhouse gas compositions and concentrations; and determining the rate of rise of temperature in a closed biosphere as a function of time for greenhouse gases individually and collectively.

3. A method and apparatus for determining the effect of global greenhouse gases on the temperature of planet earth: injecting amounts of water vapor, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone into the biosphere; sampling of a closed biosphere atmosphere to obtain samples of water vapor, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone; determining the water vapor, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone content of the samples; varying the amount of water vapor, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone individually and collectively; determining the initial, intermediate, and final temperature of the closed biosphere atmosphere; determining the distance and time of the movement of the diaphragm plate of an atmospheric pressure controller through the use of a laser, timer, meter marker and video camera in a closed biosphere to determine velocity of the bottom plate; determining the integral velocity of the diaphragm plate at various closed biosphere greenhouse gas compositions and concentrations; correlating the diaphragm plate velocity with the initial, intermediate, and final temperature of a closed biosphere; correlating the temperature of a closed biosphere with the closed biosphere greenhouse gas compositions and concentrations; comparing the content of water vapor, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone individually and collectively in the earth's atmosphere with the effects of water vapor, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone individually and collectively of a closed biosphere; determining the rate of rise of temperature in a closed biosphere as a function of time for greenhouse gases individually and collectively; and forecasting the effect of global greenhouse gases of water vapor, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone individually and collectively have on the temperature of planet earth by comparing the rate of rise of temperature for biosphere greenhouse gases as a function of time for varying levels of greenhouse gases to that of planet earth greenhouse gases rate of rise.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The foregoing objects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will become more readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following drawings. Drawing #1 is a depiction of a preferred embodiment of an apparatus formed in accordance with the invention showing the laser affixed to the diaphragm plate and the metric chart. Drawing #2 is Charles' Law, a law that states the volume of an ideal gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. Drawing #3 shows the rate of temperature increase as a function of time for various levels of carbon dioxide. Drawing is not to scale, only used for illustration purpose. Drawing #4 shows the concentrations of atmospheric CO.sub.2 have increased dramatically in the last 150 years because of increased use of fossil fuel.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0021] Old Technology of Biosphere 2

[0022] An example of a biosphere is located in Oracle, Ariz. Biosphere 2 is an open system, but was closed in the past. From 1991 to 1994 and from 1995 to 1996 a lung chamber was used to control pressure inside the closed biosphere. The lung has not been used since 1996 because Biosphere 2 has maintained an open system status. This invention requires the closure of Biosphere 2 or any biosphere of similar design.

[0023] A lung maintains a constant pressure in a closed biosphere. Pressure increases in a closed biosphere are caused by increasing temperature. Without a diaphragm lung an explosion or implosion of the glass would result from the increase in pressure or decrease in pressure, respectively. In other words, an increase in temperature in Biosphere 2 causes the rise of the diaphragm metal plate and Hypalon synthetic rubber combination of the lung due to an inflow of hot air from biosphere proper to the lung. The raising of the diaphragm plate increases the volume of air within the lung thus maintaining a constant pressure and preventing any consequential glass explosion of the biosphere.

[0024] Conversely, as the temperature decreases in the biosphere the glass would implode. However, the volume of air within the lung decreases by an outflow of air from the lung to the biosphere proper causing the diaphragm plate to lower in order to repeat the cycle the next day.

[0025] Thus, the dynamic raising and lowering of the diaphragm plate allows the pressure within a closed biosphere to remain constant thereby the integrity of the closed Biosphere 2 experiments twenty-nine years ago was maintained. Again, a closed biosphere is an operational greenhouse where the temperature increases and decreases would result in harmful pressure increases and decreases, respectively; but for the operation of the lung.

[0026] However, the old technology of Biosphere 2 does not provide velocity of the controller bottom plate. Moreover, without a determination of velocity with laser incremental temperature changes are impossible to measure. Further complicating the matter is the plate moves too slowly for simple visual observation. In other words, no useable data is collected by simply measuring the initial and final temperature of a controller without the instant invention.

[0027] New Technology of the Global Warming Monitor

The Global Warming Monitor and application of its data to planet earth enable a forecast of global warming of planet earth. The Global Warming Monitor satisfies the patentability requirements of new, useful, and nonobvious.

[0028] With the use of an affixed laser on a biosphere lung diaphragm metal plate, a meter stick on the interior wall, a timer, and a time lapse video camera the velocity of the rise of the diaphragm plate as a function for various gas compositions and concentrations in a closed biosphere is determined. See Drawing #1. In theory the diaphragm plate rise velocity will change with a change in greenhouse gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen oxide. However, since greenhouse gases in a biosphere result in small incremental changes in the temperature, the affixed laser enables a curve fit correlation between changes in plate velocity and the biosphere original, intermediate, and final temperature. In other words, the velocity of the plate gives the absolute and incremental temperature in the lung. The effect of greenhouse gases on temperature changes can be then be determined from the relationship of greenhouse gases and the actual incremental change in biosphere temperature..sup.12 Again, it is noted that measurement of incremental changes in temperature, vis--vis incremental volume, is impossible with the old technology of Biosphere 2. .sup.12Charles' Law states that the volume of an ideal gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature K. See Drawing #2.

[0029] The temperature of planet earth is then forecasted knowing its varying increasing.sup.13 atmospheric greenhouse gas composition and comparing those concentrations with the time versus temperature relation of various concentrations of greenhouse gases in the biosphere. See drawing #3. Thus, the Global Warming Monitor provides a forecast of global warming satisfying the patentability requirements of new and useful. .sup.13It is noted that parts per million (ppm) for carbon dioxide has increased about 45% during the last two centuries. See Background of Invention.

[0030] The experimental control (i.e. baseline) of the operation of the Global Warming Monitor is conducted with ambient air inside a biosphere. The transfer of heat across the glass enclosure is empirically subtracted from the heat generated by greenhouse gases as is the case with experimental runs. Of course, during the execution of claim #2 and #3 there will be an increase in the loss of heat through the glass enclosure due to the higher concentrations of greenhouse gases, but this loss is anticipated to be negligible compared to the temperature increase within the biosphere as greenhouse gases are injected.

[0031] The unfortunate consequence of engaging the Global Warming Monitor now is the reality that the baseline control may include ambient carbon dioxide, for example, at its current concentration of 407 ppm. This means that the Global Warming Monitor cannot quantify the effects of an increase of carbon dioxide from preindustrial concentrations of 250 ppm to its current concentration. Perhaps the control as outlined in claim #1 would have an ambient carbon dioxide concentration of 250 ppm, but this would be an unexpected control concentration.

[0032] In sum, the forecast of global warming is quantitative given the data of the control. The amount of planet earth greenhouse gases is compared to the rate of change of temperature for elevated biosphere greenhouse gases to enable a forecast of planet earth temperature.

[0033] The utility of the Global Warming Monitor is illustrated in drawing #3. The rate of temperature change versus time for several concentrations of carbon dioxide is shown. The drawing shows the effect concentration of carbon dioxide has on the rate of temperature increase. The other greenhouse gases mentioned in this patent will have similar information.

[0034] Consider the following hypothetical: the non-dimensional slope of the line permits the superimposition.sup.14 of year from which the Global Warming Monitor method provides a calculation of temperature for the year 2025 for a particular ecosystem having a carbon dioxide ppm of 407. Assume the line has a slope of 1.3, then the temperature for the year 2025 is 375 degree K.sup.15 or an increase of temperature of 32 degree F. from the year 2020 to 2025. .sup.14Global Warming Monitor hypothetical data from 1 to 11 (daytime hours) where superimposition forecast abscissa 1 is 2020, 3 is 2021, 5 is 2022, 6 is 2023, 7 is 2024, and 8 is 2025..sup.15Slope=y2y1/x2x1 or 1.3=375343/20252000

[0035] To repeat these calculations are only made possible by measuring the rise in velocity of the diaphragm plate through the use of a laser and metric chart. Correlation of velocity with the three temperature measurements of original, intermediate, and final enables the calculation of the nondimensional slope.

[0036] The weighted average for all major planet ecosystems needs to be calculated to determine the global temperature. Also, the calculation in the preceding paragraph assumes a linear relationship between carbon dioxide concentration and time, but it has been shown that the relationship is now exponential. See drawing #4. Therefore, these estimates of global warming need constant updating for the rising concentrations of carbon dioxide before a weighted average of global warming is determined (i.e. use of 500 ppm line versus 407 ppm line).

[0037] Considerations of a Person Skilled in the Art

[0038] A person skilled in the art of atmospheric sciences will recognize that before the year of 1950 the average carbon dioxide concentration did not rise above 300 ppm and that the rate increased and decreased on a regular basis. However, after 1950 the amount of carbon dioxide rose sharply to its current level of 407 ppm. This makes it difficult to determine the rate of rise.sup.16 as well as forecasting temperature increases for planet earth. The Global Warming Monitor will quantity the relationship between temperature and greenhouse gases for a biosphere and planet earth. .sup.16www.climate.nasa.gov/evidence

[0039] It will be further recognized by a person skilled in the art of gas law that an unmodified plate itself cannot measure the effect of greenhouse gases on temperature. The problem is that the relatively small increases in lung temperature makes an unmodified lung nonconclusive with respect to greenhouse gases because changes in lung temperature relative to changes in plate position are impossible to measure. However, the Global Warming Monitor provides quantitative measurement of minute changes in temperature.

[0040] To explain further, the reason for the difference between an unmodified plate and the Global Warming Monitor is that the volume of a lung is approximately one-sixth () of the volume of the entire biosphere giving rise to a slow rate of temperature, vis--vis slow plate rise, equilibrium between a biosphere proper and a lung. This, of course, is a design parameter of a lung: too small a lung would not have the capacity to regulate pressure and too large of a lung would have been uneconomical. To repeat, minute changes in lung temperature are small and impossible to incrementally measure in an unmodified lung whereas with the use of the Global Warming Monitor the change of plate velocity through the use of a laser, timer, meter marker, and video camera of the diaphragm disk is technologically achievable and novel. This difference makes the Global Warming Monitor new and useful.

[0041] A best curve fit of velocity of the plate versus beginning, intermediate, and final temperature as a function of greenhouse gases provides the algorithm necessary to forecast planet earth temperatures knowing the greenhouse gas content of planet earth. The unique algorithm of the Global Warming Monitor is desperately needed by environmental scientists to quantify the warming of planet earth by greenhouse gases.

[0042] A person skilled in the art of environmental science will recognize that comparing the data of drawing #3 with atmospheric carbon dioxide will yield a forecast of warming of a particular ecosystem. This is accomplished by using the nondimensional slope of the appropriate line. For example, today's average atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide is 407 ppm. The original data is gathered during the hours during the day when the diaphragm disk is rising. The temperature data is gathered from the correlation of the diaphragm plate velocity and the original, intermediate, and final temperature.

[0043] A previously stated, the nondimensional slope of the line in drawing #3 permits the superimposition.sup.17 of year from which the Global Warming Monitor method provides a calculation of temperature for the year 2025 for a particular ecosystem having a carbon dioxide ppm of 407. Assume the line has a slope of 1.3, then the temperature for the year 2025 is 375 degree K.sup.18 or an increase of temperature of 32 degree F. from the year 2020 to 2025. .sup.17Global Warming Monitor hypothetical data from 1 to 11 (daytime hours) where superimposition forecast abscissa 1 is 2020, 3 is 2021, 5 is 2022, 6 is 2023, 7 is 2024, and 8 is 2025..sup.18Slope=y2y1/x2x1 or 1.3=375343/20252000

[0044] Also as previously stated the weighted average for all major planet ecosystems needs to be calculated to determine the global temperature. Also, the calculation in the preceding paragraph assumes a linear relationship between carbon dioxide concentration and time, but it has been shown that the relationship is now exponential. Therefore, these estimates of global warming need constant updating for the rising concentrations of carbon dioxide before a weighted average of global warming is determined (i.e. use of 500 ppm line versus 407 ppm line).