Abstract
The object of the present invention relates to a method for producing drilled piles, wherein a drilling tool is sunk into the subsoil by applying a drilling torque and a vertical force, the drilling tool is then again retracted and an additional material is introduced into the resulting bore. According to the invention, the drilling tool is set in vibration by one or more actuators while it is sunk into the subsoil and/or during the retraction of the drilling tool, wherein a resulting oscillation amplitude has at least one horizontal portion. The invention also relates to a corresponding drilling tool for producing boreholes or drilled piles in a subsoil. The present invention further relates to a depth vibrator for the displacement and consolidation of subsoil material as well as a method for the displacement and consolidation of subsoil material.
Claims
1. A boring tool configured for producing bore holes or bored piles in a subsoil, wherein a drilling torque moment and a vertical force can be applied to the boring tool, so that said boring tool can be driven to rotate by said drilling torque moment and can be sunk down into said subsoil by said vertical force, thereby drilling down into said subsoil and vertically moving subsoil by means of an auger or a tip with screw threads, and wherein said boring tool can then be withdrawn again from the created borehole, and said boring tool further comprises at least one fluid turbine, wherein, in at least one rotor with at least one turbine blade of the at least one fluid turbine, at least one unbalance element is integrated, and the rotor is rotatably mounted about a longitudinal axis of the boring tool in the boring tool, such that a resulting vibration can be produced, the vibration amplitude of which comprises a horizontal portion that accounts for at least 95% of the total resulting vibration amplitude.
2. The boring tool according to claim 1, wherein the boring tool is a hollow boring tool, comprising at least one hollow core.
3. The boring tool according to claim 1, wherein the at least one fluid turbine is at least one pneumatic turbine.
4. The boring tool according to claim 3, wherein said at least one rotor with turbine blades is mounted on a hollow axis, which is configured as a hollow core.
Description
(1) The invention is described in greater detail hereinafter on the basis of an exemplary embodiment and the associated drawings. The figures show:
(2) FIG. 1 a preferred embodiment of a method according to the invention for producing displacement bored piles;
(3) FIG. 2 a preferred embodiment of a hollow boring tool according to the invention;
(4) FIG. 3 a preferred embodiment of a depth vibrator according to the invention, with pneumatic turbine and induction coupling;
(5) FIG. 4 a preferred embodiment of a method according to the invention for displacing and compacting a subsoil material, and
(6) FIG. 5 a preferred embodiment of a depth vibrator according to the invention with two independent pneumatic turbines with integrated unbalance elements;
(7) FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of a method according to the invention for producing displacement bored piles in a schematic representation. The temporal sequence of the method steps derived from the following description. A hollow boring tool 47 is in this situation sunk into the subsoil 28 with the application of a drilling torque or moment 48 about a rotation axis R and a vertical force 50 along a rotation axis R.
(8) By means of actuating elements 56 in the form of two mutually independent pneumatic turbines 42 with integrated unbalance elements 76, the hollow boring tool 47, while sunk into the subsoil 28, is set into vibration 58. In this situation, initially multiple vibrations 36 are incurred by the two unbalance elements 76 moved rotationally by the turbines 42. The resulting vibration 58 can be adjusted by the superimposition of the individual vibrations 36 of the independently rotationally moved unbalance elements 76. A resulting vibration amplitude comprises a horizontal portion 62, which accounts for more than 95% of the total vibration amplitude. The rotation frequencies of the two rotationally moved unbalance elements 76 are 200 Hz and 300 Hz, wherein the allocation in a design arrangement is freely selectable. In the process, a vibration 58 is produced which corresponds to a dynamic resulting centrifugal force F which exhibits a maximum amount of 175 kN. Moreover, the vibration 58 corresponds to a dynamic radial or horizontal deflection W respectively of the hollow boring tool 47 with a maximum amount of 0.2 mm. When the hollow boring tool 47 is sunk into the subsoil 28, a vertical subsoil conveyance 110 takes place by means of an auger 66, which is arranged on the outside of the hollow boring tool 47. When a predetermined operating depth in the subsoil 28 has been reached, concrete is filled as additional material 52 through a hollow core 54 of the hollow boring tool 47, and the hollow boring tool 47 is then withdrawn.
(9) FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of a hollow boring tools 47 according to the invention. The hollow boring tool is particularly well-suited for the method described in FIG. 1. The hollow boring tool 47 is provided with an outer surface with an auger 66, and comprises a hollow core 54. The hollow boring tool 47 further comprises two mutually independent pneumatic turbines 80, of which the rotors 82 are fitted with turbine blades on a common longitudinal axis 78, which forms the hollow core 54. Integrated into the rotors 82 of the turbines 80 is in each case an unbalance element 76. The turbines 80 are designed for a rated revolution speed of 25,000 rev/min. The unbalance elements 76 are configured in such a way, and integrated into the rotors 82 of the turbines 80 in such a way that the hollow boring tool 47 is arranged such that, in operation, it creates a vibration with a maximum amplitude of 0.4 mm in respect of a horizontal or radial deflection respectively of the hollow boring tool 47, or a vibration with a maximum amplitude in respect of a horizontal or radial force of 150 kN.
(10) FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of a depth vibrator 10 according to the invention, with a pneumatic turbine 16 and induction coupling 18. The depth vibrator 10 comprises a rotationally movable unbalance element 12. The unbalance element 12 can be driven by a fluid flow machine, which is configured as a two-stage pneumatically-driven turbine 16. Two rotors 84 of the turbine 16 are arranged on a common shaft 86 with a rotation axis R. One end of the shaft 86 is a drive shaft 20 for the induction coupling 18. A drive side 90 of the induction coupling 18, i.e. a side of the induction coupling 18 facing towards the pneumatic turbine 16, is configured as the passive side 94, and an output side 92, i.e. a side facing towards the unbalance element 12, is configured as the active side 88. The induction coupling 18 is configured such as to transfer a rated torque moment of 25 Nm, at a rated revolution speed of 20,000 rev/min, onto the drive shaft 20 and 50 Hz onto an output shaft 22. A mechanical force transferrable by the induction coupling 18 lies in the range of 60 kW. The induction coupling 18 is provided on the active side 88 with permanent magnets, which are configured such as to produce an induction magnetic field. A mass of the rotationally movable unbalance element 12 amounts to 20 kg. The pneumatic turbine 16 is designed for a nominal revolution speed of 20,000 rev/min and a rated torque moment of 25 Nm. A rated output which can be provided by the pneumatic turbine 16 is 60 kW. A pressure difference of an air volume flow 100, which can be used for the operation of the pneumatic turbine 16, from a turbine inlet 104 to a turbine outlet 102, amounts to 7 bar at a rated operating point.
(11) FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of a method according to the invention for the displacement and compaction of a subsoil material. The temporal sequence of the method steps is derived from the following description. A depth vibrator 24 is in this situation sunk into the subsoil 28 under the application of a vertical force 26. The depth vibrator 24 is set in vibration 30 during the sinking. Multiple vibrations 36 are produced in this situation by two kinematically independent rotationally moved unbalance elements 38, The rotational movement of the unbalance elements 38 is generated by two pneumatic turbines 42. The resulting vibration 30 can be adjusted by superimposition of the individual vibrations 36 of the independent unbalance elements 38. A resulting vibration amplitude comprises a horizontal portion 34, which makes up more than 95% of the total vibration amplitude. In the process, a resulting vibration 30 is produced, which corresponds to a dynamic resulting centrifugal force F of the rotating unbalance elements 38 with a value of 150 kN. Moreover, the resulting vibration 30 corresponds to a dynamic radial or horizontal deflection W respectively of the depth vibrator 24. A maximum amount of the resulting radial or horizontal deflection W respectively of the depth vibrator 24 is 8 mm.
(12) FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of a depth vibrator 44 according to the invention, with two independent pneumatic turbines 42 with integrated unbalance elements 38. The unbalance elements 38 are in each case integrated in an associated pneumatic turbine 42, or, respectively, are in each case integrated in a rotor 118 of the associated turbine 42. The rotors 118 are mounted on a common rotation axle R. Masses of the rotationally movable unbalance elements 38 are 0.25 kg and 0.5 kg, wherein the allocation of the masses to the unbalance elements 38 in a structural design arrangement is freely selectable. A resulting mass centre of gravity S of the rotationally movable unbalance elements 38, related to the rotation axle R lies at a maximum radial distance interval d, which is limited by the structural space available.
REFERENCE FIGURE LIST
(13) 10 Depth vibrator 12 Unbalance element 16 Pneumatically driven turbine 18 Induction coupling 20 Drive shaft 22 Output shaft 24 Depth vibrator 26 Vertical force 28 Subsoil 30 Vibration 34 Horizontal portion 36 Vibrations 38 Unbalance elements 42 Pneumatic turbine 44 Depth vibrator 47 Hollow boring tool 48 Drilling torque moment 50 Vertical force 52 Additional material 54 Hollow core 56 Actuating elements 58 Vibration 62 Horizontal portion 66 Auger 76 Unbalance element 78 Longitudinal axis 80 Pneumatic turbine 82 Rotors 84 Rotors 86 Shaft 88 Active side 90 Drive side 92 Output side 94 Passive side 96 Coupling disks 100 Air volume flow 102 Turbine outlet 104 Turbine inlet 110 Vertical subsoil conveyance 118 Rotor d Radial distance interval F Resulting centrifugal force R Rotation axis S Mass centre of gravity W Deflection
