LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE MEDIUM

Abstract

The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds comprising a self-alignment additive for vertical alignment and additionally at least one compound of formula I as described more closely within this disclosure (polymerizable HALS), especially for vertically aligned display applications.

Claims

1. A liquid-crystalline medium comprising a self-alignment additive for vertical alignment, and at least one polymerizable compound of formula I or a polymer comprising the at least one polymerizable compound in polymerized form,
P-Sp-(A.sup.2-Z.sup.2-A.sup.1).sub.m1-Z.sup.1-T  I wherein the individual radicals, independently of each other, and on each occurrence identically or differently, have the following meanings T is a group selected from the following formulae ##STR00433## R.sup.g is H or straight chain or branched alkyl or alkoxyalkyl with up to 10 C atoms, or benzyl, R.sup.a,b,c,d are each independently straight chain or branched alkyl with 1 to 10 C atoms, P is vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane or epoxy, Sp is a spacer group or a single bond, A.sup.1, A.sup.2 are each independently an alicyclic, heterocyclic, aromatic or heteroaromatic group with 4 to 30 ring atoms, which may also contain fused rings, and is optionally substituted by one or more groups L or R-(A.sup.3-Z.sup.3).sub.m2—, and one of A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 may also denote a single bond, A.sup.3 is an alicyclic, heterocyclic, aromatic or heteroaromatic group with 4 to 30 ring atoms, which may also contain fused rings, and is optionally substituted by one or more groups L, Z.sup.1 is —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2O—, —SCH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2S—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —CF.sub.2S—, —SCF.sub.2—, —(CH.sub.2).sub.n—, —CF.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2CF.sub.2—, —(CF.sub.2).sub.n—, —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH—CH—CO—O—, —O—CO—CH—CH—, —CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—CO—O—, —O—CO—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—, —CR.sup.00R.sup.000—, or a single bond, with the proviso that, if m1 is 0 and Sp is a single bond, Z.sup.1 is a single bond, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3 are each independently —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2O—, —SCH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2S—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —CF.sub.2S—, —SCF.sub.2—, —(CH.sub.2).sub.n—, —CF.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2CF.sub.2—, —(CF.sub.2).sub.n—, —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH═CH—CO—O—, —O—CO—CH═CH—, —CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—CO—O—, —O—CO—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—, —CR.sup.00R.sup.000—, or a single bond, R.sup.00, R.sup.000 are each independently H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, R is P-Sp-, H, F, Cl, CN, or straight chain, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2-groups are optionally replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, or —O—CO—O  in such a manner that O- and/or S-atoms are not directly connected with each other, and wherein one or more H atoms are each optionally replaced by F, Cl or P-Sp-, or R is a group selected from formula 1, 2, 3 and 4, L in each occurrence is independently P-Sp-, F, Cl, CN, or straight chain, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2-groups are optionally replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, or —O—CO—O— in such a manner that O- and/or S-atoms are not directly connected with each other, and wherein one or more H atoms are each optionally replaced by F, Cl or P-Sp-, or L is a group selected from formula 1, 2, and 3, m1 is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, m2 is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, and n is 1, 2, 3 or 4.

2. The liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein said medium comprises one or more additional polymerizable compounds or a polymer comprising their polymerized form.

3. The liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein said self-alignment additive for vertical alignment is of formula II
MES-R.sup.2  II in which MES is a mesogenic group comprising one or more rings and optionally one or more polymerizable groups, and R.sup.2 is a polar anchor group.

4. The liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein said self-alignment additive for vertical alignment is of formula IIa
R.sup.1-[A.sup.2-Z.sup.2].sub.m-A.sup.1-R.sup.a  (IIa) in which A.sup.1, A.sup.2 each, independently of one another, denote an aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic group, which may also contain fused rings, and which may also be mono- or polysubstituted by a group L or -Sp-P, L in each case, independently of one another, denotes H, F, Cl, Br, I, —CN, —NO.sub.2, —NCO, —NCS, —OCN, —SCN, —C(═O)N(R.sup.0).sub.2, —C(═O)R.sup.0, optionally substituted silyl, optionally substituted aryl or cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 C atoms, or straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having up to 25 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F or Cl, P denotes a polymerizable group, Sp denotes a spacer group or a single bond, Z.sup.2 in each case, independently of one another, denotes a single bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —OCO—, —O—CO—O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2O—, —SCH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2S—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —CF.sub.2S—, —SCF.sub.2—, —(CH.sub.2).sub.n1—, —CF.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2CF.sub.2—, —(CF.sub.2).sub.n1—, —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, —C≡C—, —CH═CH—COO—, —OCO—CH═CH—, —(CR.sup.0R.sup.00).sub.n1—, —CH(-Sp-P)—, —CH.sub.2CH(-Sp-P)—, or —CH(-Sp-P)CH(-Sp-P)—, n1 denotes 1, 2, 3 or 4, m denotes 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, R.sup.0 in each case, independently of one another, denotes alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, R.sup.00 in each case, independently of one another, denotes H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, R.sup.1 independently of one another, denotes H, halogen, straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may each be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, or —O—CO—O— in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F or Cl, or a group -Sp-P, and R.sup.a denotes a polar anchor group having at least one group selected from —OH, —NH.sub.2, NHR.sup.11, C(O)OH and —CHO, where R.sup.11 denotes alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms.

5. The liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein said self-alignment additive has an anchor group R.sup.2 or R.sup.a which is selected from the formulae ##STR00434## wherein p denotes 1 or 2, q denotes 2 or 3, B denotes a substituted or unsubstituted ring system or condensed ring system, Y independently of one another, denotes —O—, —S—, —C(O)—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —NR.sup.11— or a single bond, o denotes 0 or 1, X.sup.1 independently of one another, denotes H, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, OH, NH.sub.2, NHR.sup.11, NR.sup.11.sub.2, OR.sup.11, C(O)OH, or —CHO, where at least one group X.sup.1 denotes a radical selected from —OH, —NH.sub.2, NHR.sup.11, C(O)OH and —CHO, R.sup.11 denotes alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, Sp.sup.a, Sp.sup.c, Sp.sup.d each, independently of one another, denote a spacer group or a single bond, and Sp.sup.b denotes a tri- or tetravalent group.

6. The liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 4, wherein said self-alignment additive for vertical alignment is selected from the compounds of formulae II-A to II-D, ##STR00435## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.a, A.sup.2, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Sp, P have the meanings as defined for formula II in claim 4, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, are independently defined as L in claim 4, and r1, r2 independently are 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

7. The liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein in formula I the group -(A.sup.2-Z.sup.2-A.sup.1).sub.m1- is a single bond or is selected from the following formulae ##STR00436## ##STR00437## wherein L is as defined in claim 1, r is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, s is 0, 1, 2 or 3, t is 0, 1 or 2, and u is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

8. The liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein in formula I Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 each denote —CO—O—, —O—CO— or a single bond.

9. The liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein in formula I P is acrylate or methacrylate.

10. The liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein said medium contains 0.01 to 10% by weight of the self-alignment additive based on the medium as a whole.

11. The liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein said medium contains 0.001 to 0.01% by weight of the compound of the formula I based on the medium as a whole.

12. The liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein said medium additionally comprises one or more additional polymerizable compounds that are different from the compound of formula I or formula II.

13. The liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 12, wherein said additional polymerizable compound is selected from the compounds of formula M
R.sup.Ma-A.sup.M1-(Z.sup.M1-A.sup.M2).sub.m1-R.sup.Mb  M in which the individual radicals have the following meanings: R.sup.Ma and R.sup.Mb are each, independently of one another, denote P, P-Sp-, H, halogen, SF, NO.sub.2, an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group, where at least one of the radicals R.sup.Ma and R.sup.Mb preferably denotes or contains a group P or P-Sp-, P denotes a polymerizable group, Sp denotes a spacer group or a single bond, A.sup.M1 and A.sup.M2 each, independently of one another, denote an aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic group, preferably having 4 to 25 ring atoms, preferably C atoms, which may also encompass or contain fused rings, and which may optionally be mono- or polysubstituted by L, L denotes P, P-Sp-, F, Cl, Br, I, —CN, —NO.sub.2, —NCO, —NCS, —OCN, —SCN, —C(═O)N(R.sup.x).sub.2, —C(═O)Y.sup.1, —C(═O)R.sup.x, —N(R.sup.x).sub.2, optionally substituted silyl, optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 20 C atoms, or straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having up to 25 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F, Cl, P or P-Sp-, preferably P, P-Sp-, H, halogen, SF.sub.5, NO.sub.2, an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group, Y.sup.1 denotes halogen, Z.sup.M1 denotes —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —OCO—, —O—CO—O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2O—, —SCH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2S—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —CF.sub.2S—, —SCF.sub.2—, —(CH.sub.2).sub.n1—, —CF.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2CF.sub.2—, —(CF.sub.2).sub.n1—, —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, —C≡C—, —CH═CH—, —COO—, —OCO—CH═CH—, CR.sup.0R.sup.00 or a single bond, R.sup.0 and R.sup.00 each, independently of one another, denote H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, R.sup.x denotes P, P-Sp-, H, halogen, straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may each be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, or —O—CO—O— in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F, C1, P or P-Sp-, an optionally substituted aryl or aryloxy group having 6 to 40 C atoms, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl or heteroaryloxy group having 2 to 40 C atoms, m1 denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, and n1 denotes 1, 2, 3 or 4, where at least one, preferably one, two or three, particularly preferably one or two, from the group R.sup.Ma, R.sup.Mb and the substituents L present denotes a group P or P-Sp- or contains at least one group P or P-Sp-.

14. The liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein said medium additionally contains one or more compounds selected from the compounds of formulae CY, PY and PYP ##STR00438## in which R.sup.2A, R.sup.2B and R.sup.2C each, independently of one another, denote H, an alkyl or alkenyl radical having up to 15 C atoms which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted by CN or CF.sub.3 or at least monosubstituted by halogen, where, in addition, one or more CH.sub.2 groups in these radicals may each be replaced by —O—, —S—, ##STR00439## —C≡C—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —OC—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, L.sup.1-4 each, independently of one another, denote F, Cl, CF.sub.3 or OCHF.sub.2 Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.2′ each, independently of one another, denote a single bond, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH═CH—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —COO—, —OCO—, —C.sub.2F.sub.4—, —CF═CF—, or —CH—CHCH.sub.2O—, (O)C.sub.vH.sub.2v+1 denotes OC.sub.vH.sub.2v+1 or C.sub.vH.sub.2v+1 p denotes 0, 1 or 2, q denotes 0 or 1, and v denotes 1 to 6.

15. The liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein said medium comprises one or more non-polymerizable alkenyl compounds.

16. The liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein said medium comprises one or more alkenyl compounds selected from the following formulae: ##STR00440## in which the individual radicals, on each occurrence identically or differently, each, independently of one another, have the following meaning: ##STR00441## R.sup.A1 alkenyl having 2 to 9 C atoms or, if at least one of the rings X, Y and Z denotes cyclohexenyl, also one of the meanings of R.sup.A2, R.sup.A2 alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or two nonadjacent CH.sub.2 groups may each be replaced by —O—, —CH≡CH—, —CO—, —OCO— or —COO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, Z.sup.x —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH═CH—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —C.sub.2F.sub.4—, —CF═CF—, —CH═CH—CH.sub.2O—, or a single bond, L.sup.1-2 each, independently of one another, H, F, Cl, OCF.sub.3, CF.sub.3, CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F or CHF.sub.2H, preferably H, F or Cl, wherein at least L.sup.1 or L.sup.2 is not H, L.sup.3-4 each, independently of one another, H, F, Cl, OCF.sub.3, CF.sub.3, CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F or CHF.sub.2H, preferably H, F or Cl, x 1 or 2, z 0 or 1.

17. The liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein said medium additionally contains one or more compounds of formula III, ##STR00442## in which R.sup.31 and R.sup.32 each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxyalkyl or alkoxy radical having up to 12 C atoms, ##STR00443## Z.sup.3 denotes a single bond, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH═CH—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —COO—, —OCO—, —C.sub.2F.sub.4—, —C.sub.4H.sub.8—, or —CF═CF—.

18. The liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein the polymerizable compounds are polymerized.

19. A process for the preparation of a liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, comprising: mixing at least one self-aligning additive with at least two liquid-crystalline compounds and at least one compound of formula I, and optionally with at least one polymerizable compound and optionally one or more additional additives.

20. Use of the liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1 in electro-optical displays.

21. Use of the liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 20 in electro-optical displays for self-aligning VA mode.

22. An electro-optical display having active-matrix or passive-matrix addressing, wherein said display contains, as dielectric, a liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1.

23. The electro-optical display according to claim 22, wherein said display comprises a polymer-stabilized liquid-crystalline medium.

24. The electro-optical display of claim 22, wherein said display comprises two substrates, at least one which is transparent to light, an electrode provided on each substrate or two electrodes provided on only one of the substrates, and located between the substrates a layer of said liquid-crystalline medium wherein the polymerizable compounds are polymerized.

Description

EXAMPLES

[0416] The following examples are intended to explain the invention without restricting it. In the examples, m.p. denotes the melting point and C denotes the clearing point of a liquid-crystalline substance in degrees Celsius; boiling points are denoted by b.p. Furthermore:

C denotes crystalline solid state, S denotes smectic phase (the index denotes the phase type), N denotes nematic state, Ch denotes cholesteric phase, I denotes isotropic phase, T.sub.g denotes glass transition temperature. The number between two symbols indicates the conversion temperature in degrees Celsius.

Example 1

Synthesis of 3-{5-[2-ethyl-4-(4-pentylphenyl)phenyl]-2-[4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)butoxy]-3-{3-[(2-methylprop-2-enoyl)oxy]propyl}phenyl}-propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate 1

[0417] ##STR00426##

[0418] The additive is prepared as provided in WO 2017/041893.

Phases: Tg −33 K 26 I

[0419] In the following examples [0420] V.sub.0 denotes the threshold voltage, capacitive [V] at 20° C. [0421] Δn denotes the optical anisotropy measured at 20° C. and 589 nm [0422] Δ∈ denotes the dielectric anisotropy at 20° C. and 1 kHz [0423] cl.p. denotes the clearing point [° C.] [0424] K.sub.1 denotes the elastic constant, “splay” deformation at 20° C. [pN] [0425] K.sub.3 denotes the elastic constant, “bend” deformation at 20° C. [pN] [0426] γ.sub.1 denotes the rotational viscosity measured at 20° C. [mPa.Math.s], determined by the rotation method in a magnetic field [0427] LTS denotes the low-temperature stability (nematic phase), determined in test cells.

[0428] The display used for measurement of the threshold voltage has two plane-parallel outer plates at a separation of 20 μm and electrode layers with overlying alignment layers of JALS-2096 on the insides of the outer plates, which effect a homeotropic alignment of the liquid crystals.

[0429] All concentrations in this application relate to the corresponding mixture or mixture component, unless explicitly indicated otherwise. All physical properties are determined as described in “Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals”, status November 1997, Merck KGaA, Germany, and apply for a temperature of 20° C., unless explicitly indicated otherwise.

[0430] Unless indicated otherwise, parts or percent data denote parts by weight or percent by weight.

[0431] The polymerizable compounds are polymerized in the display or test cell by irradiation with UVA light of defined intensity for a prespecified time, with a voltage simultaneously being applied to the display (usually 10 V to 30 V alternating current, 1 kHz). In the examples, unless indicated otherwise, a metal halide lamp and an intensity of 100 mW/cm.sup.2 is used for polymerization. The intensity is measured using a standard UVA meter (Hoenle UV-meter high end with UVA sensor).

[0432] The tilt angle is determined by crystal rotation experiment (Autronic-Melchers TBA-105). A low value (i.e. a large deviation from the 90° angle) corresponds to a large tilt here.

[0433] The VHR value is measured as follows: 0.3% of a polymerizable monomeric compound is added to the LC host mixture, and the resultant mixture is introduced into VA-VHR test cells. The VHR value is determined after 5 min at 60° C. before and after UV exposure at 1 V, 60 Hz, 64 ρs pulse (measuring instrument: Autronic-Melchers VHRM-105).

Mixture Examples

[0434] For the production of the examples according to the present invention the following host mixtures H1 to H34 are used:

H1: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0435]

TABLE-US-00008 CC-3-V 15%  Clearing point [° C.]: 74.4 CC-3-V1 9% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1086 CCH-23 8% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −3.2 CCH-34 7.5%.sup.  ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.5 CCY-3-O2 10%  ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.7 CCY-5-O2 8% K.sub.1 (20° C.) [pN]: 14.3 CPY-2-O2 3% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 15.7 CPY-3-O2 8.5%.sup.  γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 102 CY-3-O2 7% V.sub.0 [20° C., V]: 2.33 PY-3-O2 16%  PYP-2-3 8%

H2: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0436]

TABLE-US-00009 B-2O-O5 4% Clearing point [° C.]: 74.2 BCH-32 8% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.109 CC-3-V1 9% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −3.1 CCH-3O1 2% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.6 CCH-34 8% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.7 CCH-35 7% K.sub.1 (20° C.) [pN]: 14.5 CCP-3-1 8% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 16.5 CCP-V2-1 5% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 108 CCY-3-O2 10.5 V.sub.0 [20° C., V]: 2.41 CLY-3-O2 1  CPY-3-O2  2.5 CY-3-O2 11.5 PCH-3O1 5.5%.sup.  PY-3-O2 18% 

H3: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0437]

TABLE-US-00010 CC-3-V1 9.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 74.7 CCH-23 18.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.098 CCH-34 3.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −3.4 CCH-35 7.00% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.5 CCP-3-1 5.50% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.9 CCY-3-O2 11.50% K.sub.1 (20° C.) [pN]: 14.9 CPY-2-O2 8.00% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 15.9 CPY-3-O2 11.00% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 108 CY-3-O2 15.50% V.sub.0 [20° C., V]: 2.28 PY-3-O2 11.50%

H4: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0438]

TABLE-US-00011 CC-3-V 37.50% Clearing point [° C.]: 74.8 CC-3-V1 2.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.099 CCY-4-O2 14.50% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −2.9 CPY-2-O2 10.50% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.7 CPY-3-O2 9.50% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.6 CY-3-O2 15.00% K.sub.1 (20° C.) [pN]: 12.2 CY-3-O4 4.50% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 13.4 PYP-2-4 5.50% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 92 PPGU-3-F 1.00% V.sub.0 [20° C., V]: 2.28

H5: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0439]

TABLE-US-00012 CC-4-V 17.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 106.1 CCP-V-1 15.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.120 CCPC-33 2.50% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −3.6 CCY-3-O2 4.00% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.5 CCY-3-O3 5.00% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 7.0 CCY-4-O2 5.00% K.sub.1 (20° C.) [pN]: 16.8 CLY-3-O2 3.50% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 17.3 CLY-3-O3 2.00% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 207 CPY-2-O2 8.00% V.sub.0 [20° C., V]: 2.33 CPY-3-O2 10.00% CY-3-O4 17.00% PYP-2-3 11.00%

H6: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0440]

TABLE-US-00013 CY-3-O2 15.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 74.7 CY-5-O2 6.50% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.108 CCY-3-O2 11.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −3.0 CPY-2-O2 5.50% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.6 CPY-3-O2 10.50% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.6 CC-3-V 28.50% K.sub.1 (20° C.) [pN]: 12.9 CC-3-V1 10.00% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 15.7 PYP-2-3 12.50% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 97 PPGU-3-F 0.50% V.sub.0 [20° C., V]: 2.42

H7: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0441]

TABLE-US-00014 CY-3-O2 15.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 75.5 CCY-4-O2 9.50% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.107 CCY-5-O2 5.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −3.0 CPY-2-O2 9.00% CPY-3-O2 9.00% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.5 CCH-34 9.00% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.5 CCH-23 22.00% K.sub.1 (20° C.) [pN]: 12.9 PYP-2-3 7.00% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 13.0 PYP-2-4 7.50% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 115 PCH-3O1 7.00% V.sub.0 [20° C.,] [V]: 2.20

H8: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0442]

TABLE-US-00015 Y-4O-O4 3.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 100 PYP-2-3 10.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1603 PYP-2-4 10.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −0.7 CC-3-V 25.00% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.1 CCP-V-1 11.00% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.8 CCP-V2-1 10.00% BCH-32 5.00% CVCP-1V-O1 5.00% PTP-3O2FF 3.00% CPTP-3O2FF 2.50% PTP-1O1 5.00% PTP-2O1 5.00% CPTP-3O1 5.00% PPTUI-3-2 0.50%
stabilized with 0.01% of the compound of the formula

##STR00427##

H9: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0443]

TABLE-US-00016 CY-3-O2 15.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 91 CY-3-O4 20.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1099 CY-5-O2 10.00% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 4.2 CCY-3-O2 6.50% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 10.3 CCY-3-O3 6.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −6.1 CCY-4-O2 6.00% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 297 CCY-5-O2 6.00% CPY-2-O2 8.00% CPY-3-O2 8.00% CC-4-V 2.50% CCP-V-1 3.50% CPTP-3-1 2.50% CCPC-33 4.00% CCPC-34 2.00%

H10: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0444]

TABLE-US-00017 CY-3-O2 15.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 91 CY-3-O4 20.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.0897 CY-5-O2 6.00% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.7 CCY-3-O2 6.00% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 8.0 CCY-3-O3 6.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −4.3 CCY-4-O2 6.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 204 CPY-2-O2 6.00% CC-4-V 15.00% CCP-V2-1 6.50% CCPC-33 4.50% CCPC-34 4.50% CCPC-35 4.50%

H11: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0445]

TABLE-US-00018 CY-3-O2 15.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 91 CY-3-O4 20.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1106 CCY-3-O2 6.00% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.9 CCY-3-O3 6.00% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 8.4 CCY-4-O2 6.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −4.5 CCY-5-O2 2.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 202 CPY-2-O2 8.00% CPY-3-O2 8.00% CC-4-V 8.00% CCP-V-1 12.00% CCP-V2-1 5.00% CPTP-3-1 4.00%

H12: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0446]

TABLE-US-00019 CY-3-O2 15.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 95 CY-3-O4 20.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.0974 CY-5-O2 8.50% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 4.1 CCY-3-O2 6.50% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 9.9 CCY-3-O3 6.50% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −5.8 CCY-4-O2 6.50% K.sub.1 (20° C.) ┌pN┐: 14.3 CCY-5-O2 6.50% K.sub.3 (20° C.) ┌pN┐: 16.8 CPY-2-O2 7.50% V.sub.0 (20° C.) ┌pN┐: 1.79 CPY-3-O2 3.50% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) ┌mPa .Math. s┐: 292 CC-4-V 6.00% CH-33 3.50% CCPC-33 5.00% CCPC-34 5.00%

H13: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0447]

TABLE-US-00020 CY-3-O2 15.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 95 CY-3-O4 20.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1126 CY-5-O2 2.00% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 4.0 CCY-3-O2 6.50% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 9.8 CCY-3-O3 6.50% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −5.8 CCY-4-O2 6.50% K.sub.1 (20° C.) ┌pN┐: 15.1 CCY-5-O2 6.50% K.sub.3 (20° C.) ┌pN┐: 17.8 CPY-2-O2 8.00% V.sub.0 (20° C.) ┌pN┐: 1.84 CPY-3-O2 8.00% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) ┌mPa .Math. s┐: 270 CPTP-3O2FF 4.00% CC-4-V 5.00% CCP-V-1 10.50% CCPC-33 1.50%

H14: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0448]

TABLE-US-00021 CY-3-O2 12.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 95 CY-3-O4 16.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.0972 CCY-3-O2 6.50% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.6 CCY-3-O3 6.50% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 7.6 CCY-4-O2 6.50% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −4.0 CCY-5-O2 6.00% K.sub.1 (20° C.) ┌pN┐: 14.9 CPY-2-O2 6.00% K.sub.3 (20° C.) ┌pN┐: 17.0 CPY-3-O2 5.50% V.sub.0 (20° C.) ┌pN┐: 2.17 CC-4-V 15.00% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 180 CCP-V-1 10.00% CCP-V2-1 10.00%
stabilized with 0.03% of

##STR00428##

H15: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0449]

TABLE-US-00022 CY-3-O2 11.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 95 CY-3-O4 16.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1121 CCY-3-O2 6.50% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.7 CCY-3-O3 6.00% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 7.7 CCY-4-O2 6.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −4.0 CPY-2-O2 8.00% K.sub.1 (20° C.) ┌pN┐: 14.8 CPY-3-O2 8.00% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 16.2 CPTP-3O2FF 5.00% V.sub.0 (20° C.) [V]: 2.13 CC-4-V 16.00% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) ┌mPa .Math. s┐: 179 CCP-V-1 12.00% BCH-32 5.50%

H16: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0450]

TABLE-US-00023 CY-3-O2 3.50% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 102.5 CY-3-O4 16.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1112 CY-5-O2 8.75% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.8 CCY-3-O2 6.00% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 8.8 CCY-3-O3 6.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −5.0 CCY-4-O2 6.00% K.sub.1 (20° C.) ┌pN┐: 15.0 CCY-5-O2 6.00% K.sub.3 (20° C.) ┌pN┐: 18.7 CPY-2-O2 8.00% V.sub.0 (20° C.) [V]: 2.04 CPY-3-O2 8.50% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 280 CC-4-V 3.00% CCP-V-1 7.25% CCP-V2-1 3.25% CCPC-33 2.75% CY-5-O4 6.50% CC-5-V 3.50% CCPC-34 2.00% CPTP-3O1 1.75% PTP-1O2 1.25%

H17: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0451]

TABLE-US-00024 CY-3-O2 6.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 102 CY-3-O4 14.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.0898 CCY-3-O2 4.00% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.1 CCY-3-O3 4.00% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 5.3 CPY-2-O2 9.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −2.1 CCH-3O1 5.00% K.sub.1 (20° C.) ┌pN┐: 16.7 CC-3-V1 8.00% K.sub.3 (20° C.) ┌pN┐: 18.3 CC-5-V 13.00% V.sub.0 (20° C.) ┌V┐: 3.11 CCP-V-1 13.00% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) ┌mPa .Math. s┐: 133 CCP-V2-1 13.00% CH-33 3.00% CH-35 3.00% CP-43 3.00% CCPC-33 2.00%

H18: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0452]

TABLE-US-00025 CY-3-O2 2.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 100 CY-3-O4 6.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1508 CY-5-O4 2.00% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.3 CCY-3-O2 1.50% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 5.3 CPY-2-O2 9.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −1.9 CPY-3-O2 9.00% K.sub.1 (20° C.) ┌pN┐: 15.7 PYP-2-3 10.00% K.sub.3 (20° C.) ┌pN┐: 16.4 PYP-2-4 10.00% V.sub.0 (20° C.) [V]: 3.06 PTP-102 1.50% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 122 CPTP-3O1 5.00% CPTP-3O2 4.00% PCH-3O1 5.50% CC-4-V 14.00% CC-5-V 8.00% CCP-V-1 7.50% BCH-32 5.00%

H19: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0453]

TABLE-US-00026 CY-3-O2 16.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 101 CY-3-O4 20.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.0953 CCY-3-O2 5.00% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.9 CCY-3-O3 5.00% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 9.4 CCY-4-O2 5.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −5.5 CCY-5-O2 5.00% K.sub.1 (20° C.) [pN]: 16.2 CLY-2-O4 5.00% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 17.2 CLY-3-O2 5.00% V.sub.0 (20° C.) ┌V┐: 1.85 CLY-3-O3 5.00% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) ┌mPa .Math. s┐: 276 CPY-2-O2 5.00% CC-5-V 9.00% CH-33 3.00% CH-35 3.00% CP-33 3.00% CCPC-33 3.00% CCPC-34 3.00%

H20: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0454]

TABLE-US-00027 CY-3-O2 8.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 100 CY-3-O4 15.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.0948 CY-5-O2 8.00% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.9 CY-5-O4 10.00% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 9.2 CCY-3-O2 6.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −5.3 CCY-3-O3 6.00% K.sub.1 (20° C.) [pN]: 14.6 CCY-4-O2 6.00% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 17.3 CCY-5-O2 6.00% V.sub.0 (20° C.) ┌V┐: 1.90 CPY-2-O2 10.00% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) ┌mPa .Math. s┐: 298 CC-5-V 7.00% CH-33 3.00% CH-35 3.00% CP-33 3.00% CCPC-33 3.00% CCPC-34 3.00% CCPC-35 3.00%

H21: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0455]

TABLE-US-00028 CY-3-O2 9.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 106 CY-3-O4 9.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1077 CY-5-O2 12.00% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.9 CY-5-O4 11.00% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 9.5 CCY-3-O2 6.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −5.6 CCY-3-O3 6.00% K.sub.1 (20° C.) [pN]: 15.8 CCY-4-O2 6.00% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 19.4 CCY-5-O2 6.00% V.sub.0 (20° C.) ┌V┐: 1.96 CPY-2-O2 8.00% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) ┌mPa .Math. s┐: 341 CPY-3-O2 7.00% CCP-V-1 11.00% CCPC-33 3.00% CCPC-34 3.00% CCPC-35 3.00%

H22: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0456]

TABLE-US-00029 CY-3-O2 8.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 98 CY-3-O4 17.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.0914 CY-5-O2 8.00% ε.sub.|| (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.8 CCY-3-O2 8.00% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 8.9 CCY-3-O3 8.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −5.1 CCY-4-O2 8.00% K.sub.1 (20° C.) [pN]: 15.5 CCY-5-O2 8.00% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 16.8 CPY-2-O2 8.00% V.sub.0 (20° C.) [V]: 1.92 CCH-3O1 3.00% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 256 CC-5-V 10.00% CH-33 3.00% CH-35 3.00% CP-33 3.00% CP-35 2.00% CCPC-33 3.00%

H23: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0457]

TABLE-US-00030 CY-3-O2 7.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 105 CY-3-O4 16.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1024 CCY-3-O2 6.00% ε.sub.|| (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.4 CCY-3-O3 6.00% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.6 CCY-4-O2 6.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −3.2 CPY-2-O2 7.50% K.sub.1 (20° C.) [pN]: 18.4 CPY-3-O2 7.50% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 21.2 CC-3-V1 8.00% V.sub.0 (20° C.) [V]: 2.79 CC-5-V 9.00% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 171 CCP-V-1 13.50% CCP-V2-1 13.50%

H24: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0458]

TABLE-US-00031 CY-3-O2 9.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 106 CY-3-O4 9.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1077 CY-5-O2 12.00% ε.sub.|| (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.9 CY-5-O4 11.00% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 9.5 CCY-3-O2 6.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −5.6 CCY-3-O3 6.00% K.sub.1 (20° C.) [pN]: 15.8 CCY-4-O2 6.00% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 19.4 CCY-5-O2 6.00% V.sub.0 (20° C.) [V]: 1.96 CPY-2-O2 8.00% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 341 CPY-3-O2 7.00% CCP-V-1 11.00% CCPC-33 3.00% CCPC-34 3.00% CCPC-35 3.00%

H25: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0459]

TABLE-US-00032 CY-3-O2 4.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 100 CY-3-O4 12.50% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1566 CCY-3-O2 3.50% ε.sub.|| (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.6 CPY-2-O2 12.00% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.6 CPY-3-O2 12.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −3.0 PYP-2-3 11.00% K.sub.1 (20° C.) [pN]: 15.5 PYP-2-4 11.00% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 17.1 CPTP-3O1 5.00% V.sub.0 (20° C.) [V]: 2.50 CPTP-3O2 5.00% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 202 CC-4-V 14.00% CC-5-V 7.00% BCH-32 3.00%

H26: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0460]

TABLE-US-00033 CY-3-O2 8.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 98 CY-3-O4 17.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.0914 CY-5-O2 8.00% ε.sub.|| (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.8 CCY-3-O2 8.00% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 8.9 CCY-3-O3 8.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −5.1 CCY-4-O2 8.00% K.sub.1 (20° C.) [pN]: 15.5 CCY-5-O2 8.00% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 16.8 CPY-2-O2 8.00% V.sub.0 (20° C.) [V]: 1.92 CCH-3O1 3.00% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 256 CC-5-V 10.00% CH-33 3.00% CH-35 3.00% CP-33 3.00% CP-35 2.00% CCPC-33 3.00%

H27: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0461]

TABLE-US-00034 CY-3-O2 6.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 101 CY-3-O4 13.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1483 CCY-3-O2 6.00% ε.sub.|| (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.6 CCY-3-O3 5.00% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 7.0 CPY-2-O2 4.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −3.4 CC-4-V 14.00% K.sub.1 (20° C.) [pN]: 16.6 CCP-V-1 10.00% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 18.8 CCP-V2-1 11.00% V.sub.0 (20° C.) [V]: 2.47 CPTP-3-1 5.00% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: PTP-3O2FF 8.00% PTP-5O2FF 8.00% CPTP-3O2FF 5.00% CPTP-5O2FF 5.00%

H28: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0462]

TABLE-US-00035 CY-3-O2 3.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 102 CY-3-O4 10.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1602 CCY-3-O2 6.00% ε.sub.|| (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.8 CCY-3-O3 6.00% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 7.8 CCY-4-O2 6.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −4.0 CPY-2-O2 5.00% K.sub.1 (20° C.) [pN]: 16.8 CC-4-V 14.00% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 19.3 CCP-V-1 5.00% V.sub.0 (20° C.) [V]: 2.32 CCP-V2-1 10.00% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 216 PPTUI-3-2 3.00% PTP-3O2FF 11.00% PTP-5O2FF 11.00% CPTP-3O2FF 5.00% CPTP-5O2FF 5.00%

H29: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0463]

TABLE-US-00036 CY-3-O4 12.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 91 PY-3-O2 6.50% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.2100 CCY-3-O2 2.00% ε.sub.|| (1 kHz, 20° C.): 4.0 CPY-2-O2 3.50% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 7.1 CC-4-V 13.50% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −3.1 CC-5-V 4.00% K.sub.1 (20° C.) [pN]: 15.3 PPTUI-3-2 15.00% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 19.3 PPTUI-3-4 5.50% V.sub.0 (20° C.) [V]: 2.64 PTP-3O2FF 12.00% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 211 PTP-5O2FF 12.00% CPTP-3O2FF 5.00% CPTP-5O2FF 5.00% CCPC-33 4.00%

H30: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0464]

TABLE-US-00037 CCPC-33 1.50% Clearing point [° C.]: 91 CCPC-34 1.50% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1029 CCPC-35 1.50% ε.sub.|| (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.5 CCY-2-1 4.50% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 7.2 CCY-3-1 3.50% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −3.7 CCY-3-O2 7.00% K.sub.1 (20° C.) [pN]: 15.5 CCY-3-O3 8.00% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 15.2 CCY-4-O2 7.00% V.sub.0 (20° C.) [V]: 2.21 CPY-2-O2 6.00% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 231 CPY-3-O2 6.00% CY-3-O4 12.00% CY-5-O4 12.00% PCH-53 10.50% CCH-34 5.50% CCOC-3-3 2.00% CCOC-4-3 2.00% CCOC-3-5 2.00% CBC-33 1.50% PP-1-2V1 6.00%

H31: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0465]

TABLE-US-00038 CY-5-O2 7.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 95 CPY-2-O2 11.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1268 CPY-3-O2 10.00% ε.sub.|| (1 kHz, 20° C.): 4.0 PYP-2-3 6.00% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 7.7 PYP-2-4 7.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −3.7 CC-4-V 17.00% K.sub.1 (20° C.) [pN]: 15.5 CC-3-V1 9.00% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 15.2.0 CCH-34 5.00% V.sub.0 (20° C.) [V]: 2.15 CPYP-3-2 5.00% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 155 CPYP-2-1 5.00% CK-3-F 9.00% CK-5-F 9.00%

H32: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0466]

TABLE-US-00039 CY-3-O4 18.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 96 CY-5-O2 10.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1275 CCY-4-O2 10.00% ε.sub.|| (1 kHz, 20° C.): 4.0 CCY-3-O3 10.00% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 9.1 CPY-2-O2 11.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −5.1 CPY-3-O2 12.00% K.sub.1 (20° C.) [pN]: 14.4 PYP-2-3 5.00% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 15.6 PYP-2-4 4.00% V.sub.0 (20° C.) [V]: 1.84 CC-4-V 13.00% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 253 CPYP-3-2 7.00%

H33: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0467]

TABLE-US-00040 CC-3-V 34.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 74.6 CC-3-V1 10.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1089 CCY-3-O1 8.50% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −3.2 CCY-3-O2 3.50% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.8 CLY-3-O2 10.00% ε.sub.|| (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.6 CPY-3-O2 6.50% K.sub.1 (20° C.) [pN]: 14.4 PY-1-O4 9.00% K.sub.3 (20° C.) [pN]: 15.7 PY-3-O2 10.50% V.sub.0 (20° C.) [V]: 2.33 PGIY-2-O4 8.00% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 89

H34: Nematic Host-Mixture

[0468]

TABLE-US-00041 CC-3-V 34.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 75.1 CC-3-V1 10.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1087 CCY-3-O1 8.50% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −3.8 CCY-3-O2 3.50% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 7.5 CLY-3-O2 10.00% ε.sub.|| (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.7 CPY-3-O2 6.50% γ.sub.1 (20° C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 100 PY-1-O4 9.00% PY-3-O2 10.50% PGIY-2-O4 8.00%

Use Examples

[0469] Together with the above host mixtures the following polymerizable stabilizers (polymerizable HALS) are used:

##STR00429##

[0470] The following alignment additives are used:

##STR00430##

(prepared as described in EP 2918658)

##STR00431## ##STR00432##

all prepared analogously to compound II-2 (see Example 1).

Comparative Mixture Examples C1, C2

[0471] A polymerizable base mixture C1 or C2 respectively is prepared by adding the direactive monomer RM-1 (see Table D above) in an amount of 0.3% by weight and an alignment additive of formula II-1 or II-2 respectively in an amount of 0.3% by weight to the nematic LC host mixture H1.

Mixture Examples P1, P2

[0472] Polymerizable mixtures (P) according to the present invention are prepared by adding 100 ppm (0.01%) of the polymerizable compounds RH-1, RH-2 or RH-3 to the base mixtures C1 or C2 (the latter as described in Comparative Mixture Examples C1, C2).

[0473] The compositions of the resulting polymerizable mixtures are shown in Table 1 below.

TABLE-US-00042 TABLE 1 Polymerizable Mixture Composition: Mix. RM-1 II-1 II-2 RH-1 RH-2 No. LC Host [%] [%] [%] [%] [%] C1 H1 0.3 0.3 — — — C2 H1 0.3 — 0.3 — — P1.1 H1 0.3 0.3 — 0.01 — P1.2 H1 0.3 0.3 — — 0.01 P2.1 H1 0.3 — 0.3 0.01 — P2.2 H1 0.3 — 0.3 — 0.01

[0474] The resulting mixtures are homogenized and filled into “alignment-free” test cells (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

[0475] The LC-mixtures show a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation with respect to the surface of the substrates. The orientation is stable to elevated temperatures until the clearing point of the respective host mixture H1. The resulting VA-cell can be reversibly switched. Crossed polarizers are applied to visualize the switching operation.

[0476] By using alignment additives like the compound of the formula II-1 to II-3, no alignment layer (e.g. no PI coating) is required for vertical orientation for any kind of display technologies.

Polymer Stabilization of the LC Mixture

[0477] The resulting VA-cell is polymerized with UV-light in a two-step process (step 1: high-pressure mercury lamp, 50 mW/cm2 for 120 s (6 J) for pre-tilt generation; step 2: Fluorescent lamp (Type C) for 80 min for polymer stabilization). The polymerizable derivative polymerizes and, consequently, the homeotropic self-orientation is stabilized and the tilt of the mixture is tuned. The resulting PSA-VA-cell can be reversibly switched even at high temperatures. The switching times are reduced compared to the non-polymerized system.

[0478] Additives like Irganox® 1076 (BASF) may be added (e.g. 0.001%) for preventing spontaneous polymerization. UV-cut filter may be used during polymerization for preventing damage of the mixtures (e.g. 340 nm cut-filter).

[0479] As above for the non-polymerized cell, no alignment layer is required to maintain vertical alignment.

VHR Measurement: Effect of Polymerizable HALS Under Backlight Load

[0480] The voltage-holding ratio (VHR) of the polymer-stabilized test cells is measured before and after intensive light load (120 min). The irradiated light is equivalent to 500 h of a typical white CCFL backlight for displays.

TABLE-US-00043 Mixture No. Backlight Load C1 P1.1 P1.2 C2 P2.1 time/min VHR/% at 60° C.  0 (BL*) 98.4 97.6 97.3 98.3 98.0 120 (BL) 97.2 98.3 97.5 97.8 98.3 *BL = Backlight Load test; 120 h accelerated LED-based backlight compares to 500 h of conventional CCFL backlight.

[0481] By using additives like the compound of the formula RH-1 in combination with RM-1, the VHR drop after backlight load is avoided. The test cells (P1.1, P2.1) show no decrease of VHR, while the comparative cells without any HALS additive (C1, C2) show a small VHR drop.

[0482] In addition, the reliability of a display improves by the addition of a reactive HALS additive. The display based on the mixture shows little image sticking.

Comparative Mixture Examples C3

[0483] Based on the host mixture H7 a base mixture is composed by adding the direactive monomer RM-1 (see Table D above) in an amount of 0.3% by weight and an alignment additive of formula II-3 in an amount of 0.3% by weight. This mixture is used as a comparative mixture.

Mixture Example P3

[0484] Polymerizable mixtures according to the present invention are prepared by adding 100 ppm (0.01%) of the polymerizable compounds RH-1, RH-2 or RH-3 to the base mixtures C3 as described in the Comparative Mixture Example C3 above.

[0485] The compositions of the polymerizable mixtures C3 and P3 are shown in Table 2 below.

TABLE-US-00044 TABLE 2 Polymerizable Mixture Composition: Mix. RM-1 II-3 RH-1 RH-2 RH-3 No. LC Host [%] [%] [%] [%] [%] C3 H7 0.3 0.3 — — — P3.1 H7 0.3 0.3 0.01 — — P3.2 H7 0.3 0.3 — 0.01 — P3.3 H7 0.3 0.3 — — 0.01

VHR Measurement: Effect of Polymerizable HALS in Polymer Stabilization Process

[0486] The voltage-holding ratio (VHR) of the polymer-stabilized test cells is measured before and after the polymer stabilization process.

TABLE-US-00045 Example No. Two-step UV C3 P3.2 P3.3 (120 min) VHR/% at 60° C. before UV 99.3 99.4 95.6 after UV 98.5 99.1 98.9 *BL = Backlight Load test; 120 h accelerated LED-based backlight compares to 500 h of conventional CCFL backlight.

[0487] By using additives like the compound of the formula RH-2 or RH-3 in combination with RM-1, a VHR gain after the UV polymerization process is achieved. The test cells (P3.2, P3.3) show high values of the voltage-holding ratio VHR after the final UV curing step.

[0488] The entire disclosures of all applications, patents and publications, cited herein and of corresponding European Application No. EP 16177392.4, filed Jun. 30, 2016 are incorporated by reference herein.

[0489] Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art can, using the preceding description, utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The preceding preferred specific embodiments are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.

[0490] The preceding examples can be repeated with similar success by substituting the generically or specifically described reactants and/or operating conditions of this invention for those used in the preceding examples.

[0491] From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention and, without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions.