Binder for coating plastics substrates without chemical or physical pretreatment

Abstract

With the binder produced according to the invention, a number of coating products can be produced which adhere to plastics directly and without any chemical or physical pretreatment. Base coats, high-gloss lacquers, metallic lacquers, clear lacquers and effect lacquers can be produced which can be applied directly on plastics; this is an absolute novelty because pretreatment is no longer required. With the binder according to the invention it is also possible to formulate adhesives which guarantee very good bonding between plastics themselves and also paperboard packaging. The invention relates to the binder as well as base coats based on them, one-coat lacquers and adhesives.

Claims

1. A method for producing a binder comprising the following steps: 1) Producing a first intermediate product by a method comprising the following steps: 1a) Mixing and dissolving 5-45 wt.-% of a chlorinated polypropylene with a chlorine content of between 20-35% in 50-99 wt.-% of a first organic solvent 1b) Heating the mixture from the previous step to a temperature between 65 C.-120 C. for at least 30 min 1c) Introducing 0.05 5 wt.-% of a modified epoxysilane to the mixture from the previous step at a mixing temperature of 65 C.-120 C., wherein the wt.-% in 1a)-1c) is based on the total weight of the first intermediate product and the total of the wt.-% is less than or equal to 100 2) Further processing the first intermediate product to the binder by a method comprising the following steps: 2a) Mixing 5-40 wt.-% of a vinyl chloride-isobutyl vinyl ether copolymer in 50-90 wt.-% of a second organic solvent 2b) Introducing 10-80 wt.-% the first intermediate product to the mixture from the previous step 2c) Homogenizing the mixture from the previous step, wherein the wt.-% in 2a)-2c) is based on the total weight of the and the total of the wt.-% is less than or equal to 100.

2. A method for producing a base coat for coating plastics comprising 1) Producing a binder using the method according to claim 1 3a) Mixing 10-30 wt.-% of the binder produced in the previous step with 2-10 wt.-% of a bentonite mixture 3b) Adding 10-30 wt.-% of a pigment mixture to the mixture from the previous step 3c) Adding 0.1-5 wt.-% of an additive mixture to the mixture from the previous step 3d) Adding 10-50 wt.-% of a third organic solvent to the mixture from the previous step, wherein the wt.-% is based on the total weight of the base coat and the total of the wt.-% is less than or equal to 100.

3. The method for producing a base coat according to claim 2, characterized in that the pigment mixture comprises chemical compounds selected from the group comprising black paste, titanium dioxide or a combination thereof.

4. The method for producing a base coat according to claim 2, characterized in that the additive mixture comprises chemical compounds selected from the group comprising bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin resins and/or fumed silica.

5. The method for producing a binder according to claim 1 wherein the 10-20 wt.-% of the chlorinated polypropylene is mixed and dissolved in 80-90 wt.-% of the first solvent in step 1a) and in step 1c) 0.1-0.5 wt.-% of the modified epoxysilane is added to the mixture from step 1b).

6. The method for producing a binder according to claim 1, wherein the modified epoxysilane comprises -(3,4 epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltriethoxysilane.

7. The method for producing a binder according to claim 1 wherein in step 2a) 20-30 wt.-% of the vinyl chloride-isobutyl vinyl ether copolymer is mixed in 40-60 wt.-% of the second organic solvent and in step 2b) 10-30 wt.-% of the first intermediate product is introduced to the mixture of step 2a).

Description

EXAMPLE 1

(1) Preparation of a Binder

(2) The following reagents are used for the preparation of a first intermediate product for the binder: (1) 1500 parts by weight Hardlen 14 LWP (chlorinated polypropylene, molecular weight 60,000, chlorine content 27%, with a specific gravity (H.sub.2O=1) of 1.2) (2) 8470 parts by weight xylene (organic solvent, molecular weight 106.17 g/mol, general formula C.sub.8H.sub.10) (3) 30 parts by weight CoatOSil 1770 (modified silane mixture, epoxysilane with a molecular weight 288.46 g/mol)

(3) In a first step reagent (1), the chlorinated polyolefin mixture Hardlen 14 LWP, is mixed in stepwise to reagent (2), the organic solvent xylene, under continuous stirring with a dissolver, wherein the dissolver disk has a diameter of 250 mm and a stirring speed of 550 revolutions per minute.

(4) In a second step the temperature of the reaction mixture is increased to 80 C. and maintained there for two hours. After the system containing reagents (1) and (2) is well mixed, reagent (3), the modified silane mixture CoatOSil 1770, is added to the reaction mixture and stirred for 10 min. This constitutes the first intermediate product for the binder.

(5) For further processing the first intermediate product to make the binder, the following reagents are used: (4) 2300 parts by weight of the first intermediate product (5) 5200 parts by weight xylene (organic solvent, molecular weight 106.17 g/mol, general formula C.sub.8H.sub.10) (6) 2500 parts by weight Laroflex MP 35 (vinyl chloride(C.sub.2H.sub.3Cl)-isobutyl vinyl ether(C.sub.6H.sub.12O) copolymer, chlorine content 44%)

(6) The reagent (6), the vinyl chloride-isobutyl vinyl ether copolymer Laroflex MP 35, is mixed stepwise into reagent (5), the organic solvent xylene. This takes place under continuous stirring with a dissolver, wherein the dissolver disk has a diameter of 250 mm and the stirring speed is 550 revolutions per minute. This is now the second intermediate product for the binder.

(7) Then reagent (4), i.e., 2300 parts by weight of the first intermediate product, is introduced into the second intermediate product, containing reagents (5) and (6), and homogenized by stirring.

(8) The binder obtained is uniform, and in this case the nonvolatile components amount to 29 wt.-%.

EXAMPLE 2

(9) Preparation of a Binder

(10) The following reagents are used for preparing a first intermediate product for the binder: (1) 1800 parts by weight Hardlen 14 LWP (chlorinated polypropylene, molecular weight 60,000, chlorine content 27%, with a specific gravity (H.sub.2O=1) of 1.2) (2) 8050 parts by weight xylene (organic solvent, molecular weight 106.17 g/mol, general formula C.sub.8H.sub.10) (3) 150 parts by weight CoatOSil 1770 (modified silane mixture, epoxysilane with a molecular weight 288.46 g/mol)

(11) In a first step reagent (1), the chlorinated polyolefin mixture Hardlen 14 LWP, is mixed in stepwise to reagent (2), the organic solvent xylene, under continuous stirring with a dissolver, wherein the dissolver disk has a diameter of 250 mm and the stirring speed is 550 revolutions per minute.

(12) In a second step the temperature of the reaction mixture is increased to 80 C. and maintained there for two hours. After the system containing reagents (1) and (2) is well mixed, reagent (3), the modified silane mixture CoatOSil 1770, is added to the reaction mixture and stirred for 10 min. This is the first intermediate product for the binder.

(13) For further processing the first intermediate product to the binder, the following reagents are used: (4) 2400 parts by weight of the first intermediate product (5) 4700 parts by weight xylene (organic solvent, molecular weight 106.17 g/mol, general formula C.sub.8H.sub.10) (6) 2900 parts by weight Laroflex MP 35 (vinyl chloride (C.sub.2H.sub.3Cl)-isobutyl vinyl ether(C.sub.6H.sub.12O)-mixture, chlorine content 44%)

(14) Reagent (6), the vinyl chloride-isobutyl vinyl ether copolymer Laroflex MP 35, is mixed in stepwise to reagent (5), the organic solvent xylene. This is done under continuous stirring with a dissolver, wherein the dissolver disk has a diameter of 250 mm and the stirring speed is 550 revolutions per minute. This is the second intermediate product for the binder.

(15) Then reagent (4), i.e., 2400 parts by weight of the first intermediate product, is introduced to the second intermediate product, containing reagents (5) and (6), and homogenized by stirring.

(16) The products obtained are uniform and their external appearance is excellent; in this case the nonvolatile components amount to 34 wt.-%.

EXAMPLE 3

(17) Preparation of a Binder:

(18) The following reagents are used for preparation of a first intermediate product for the binder: (1) 2000 parts by weight Hardlen CY-9124P (chlorinated polypropylene, molecular weight 60,000, chlorine content 22% and specific gravity (H2O=1) 1.6) (2) 7900 parts by weight ethylbenzene (organic solvent, molecular weight 106.17 g/mol, general formula C.sub.8H.sub.10 (3) 100 parts by weight heptasilane (modified silane mixture, molecular weight 212.72 g/mol, general formula Si.sub.7H.sub.16, isomer number 9)

(19) In a first step reagent (1), the chlorinated polyolefin mixture Hardlen CY-9124P, is mixed in stepwise to reagent (2), the organic solvent ethylbenzene, under continuous stirring with a dissolver, wherein the dissolver disk has a diameter of 250 mm and the stirring speed is 550 revolutions per minute.

(20) In a second step the temperature of the reaction mixture is increased to 80 C. and maintained for two hours. After the system containing reagents (1) and (2) is well mixed, reagent (3), the modified silane mixture heptasilane, is added to the reaction mixture and stirred for 10 min. This is the first intermediate product for the binder.

(21) For further processing the first intermediate product to form the binder, the following reagents are used: (4) 2500 parts by weight of the first intermediate product (5) 4500 parts by weight toluene (organic solvent, molecular weight 92.14 g/mol, general formula C.sub.7H.sub.8) (5) 3000 parts by weight HERRMANN MP45 (vinyl chloride (C.sub.2H.sub.3Cl)-isobutyl vinyl ether(C.sub.6H.sub.12O) copolymer, chlorine content 22%)

(22) Reagent (6), the vinyl chloride-isobutyl vinyl ether copolymer HERRMANN MP45, is mixed in stepwise to reagent (5), the organic solvent toluene. This is done under continuous stirring with a dissolver, wherein the dissolver disk has a diameter of 250 mm and the stirring speed is 550 revolutions per minute. This represents the second intermediate product for the binder.

(23) Then reagent (4), i.e., 2500 parts by weight of the first intermediate product, is introduced to the second intermediate product, containing reagents (5) and (6), and homogenized by stirring.

EXAMPLE 4

(24) Preparation of a Binder:

(25) The following reagents are used for preparation of the binder: (1) 3.75 parts by weight Hardlen 13LB (chlorinated polypropylene with a chlorine content of 25% and a mean molecular weight of 110,000 at a solids content of 30 wt.-%, toluene solution) (2) 21.175 parts by weight n-butyl acetate (general formula C6H12O2) 35-60 parts by weight (organic solvent, molecular weight 116.16 g/mol, general formula C.sub.6H.sub.12O.sub.2) (3) 0.075 parts by weight CoatOSil MP 200 (modified silane mixture, epoxy (mequiv./g) 4.785) (4) 25 parts by weight Hostaflex VCM 6230(vinyl chloride (C.sub.2H.sub.3Cl)-isobutyl vinyl ether(C.sub.6H.sub.12O copolymer) (5) 50 parts by weight xylene (organic solvent, molecular weight 106.17 g/mol, general formula C.sub.8H.sub.10

(26) In a first step reagent (1), the chlorinated polyolefin mixture Hardlen 13LB, is introduced stepwise to reagent (2), the organic solvent n-butyl acetate, under continuous stirring with a dissolver, wherein the dissolver disk has a diameter of 250 mm and the stirring speed is 550 revolutions per minute.

(27) In a second step the temperature of the reaction mixture is increased to 65 C. and maintained for two hours. After the system consisting of reagents (1) and (2) is well mixed, reagent (3), the modified silane mixture CoatOSil MP 200, is added to the reaction mixture and stirred for 10 min. This step is likewise performed at a temperature of 65 C. Then the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature (approx. 20-25 C.).

(28) In a third step first reagent (4), the vinyl chloride-isobutyl vinyl ether copolymer Hostaflex VCM 6230, is added to the reaction mixture under continuous stirring. Then reagent (5), the organic solvent xylene, is added to the reaction mixture while stirring continuously. Preferably the mixing in of the components with the aid of a dissolver takes place over a period of, wherein the dissolver disk has a diameter of 250 mm and the stirring speed is 500 revolutions per minute. In this way the reaction mixture is homogenized and the binder is finished.

EXAMPLE 5

(29) Method for Preparation of a Pigmented Glossy Light Yellow One-Coat Lacquer for Direct Application to Plastic

(30) With the binder which can be produced according to the invention, for example a binder corresponding to examples 1-4, high-gloss air-drying one-coat lacquers directly applicable to plastic parts can be produced.

(31) Optimal pigment dispersion is obtained by using closed, water-cooled bead mills. Products manufactured by WAB, DRAIS or similar companies can be used for this purpose.

(32) Physical Data:

(33) Friction element size: 0.8-1.5 mm

(34) Material: Zirconium oxide

(35) Lacquer pressure: 0.2-2 bar

(36) Temperature: 30-60 C.

(37) Batch size: 100-2000 kg (or more depending on size of mill)

(38) In the preparation, first a highly pigmented abrasive compound is ground in the bead mill with a portion of the binder according to the invention until an adequate particle size (<12 m) is achieved. Then lacquering is performed with the remaining part of the lacquer to achieve optimal gloss. The shear forces inside the bead mill are very high and impose stress on the binder. The binder fraction that is added next is no longer stressed by the grinding process and guarantees excellent gloss.

(39) Example of a production run:

(40) TABLE-US-00001 Item 1. 60-80 parts by weight of the binder according to the invention Item 2. 0.1-0.5 parts by weight pigment wetting additive Item 3. 2-5 parts by weight titanium dioxide (not an anatase type) Item 4. 2-4 parts by weight iron oxide yellow

(41) Item 1 is taken as the starting material, then Items 2-4 are added while stirring with a dissolver.

(42) The dissolver disk should have a diameter of 220 mm to 350 mm and the stirring speed should be 300-700 revolutions per minute; 500 revolutions per minute are preferred.

(43) After addition of all components, the pigment paste is ground at least three times in der bead mill to achieve the required pigment particle size of <12 m. After the first grinding process, the paste is immediately pumped through the bead mill a 2nd time.

(44) Then the paste is further processed as follows:

(45) TABLE-US-00002 Item 5 .sup.15-30 parts by weight binder for lacquer make-up Item 6 0.2-1 parts by weight plasticizer (phthalate-free) Item 7 0.5-1 parts by weight leveling agent

(46) Items 5 to 7 are added to the paste immediately after the grinding process while it is still warm. The addition takes place while stirring continuously. After a final stirring time of 10 minutes the one-coat lacquer is ready for use.

(47) Lacquer Data:

(48) Viscosity: 60-120 sec F4/20 C.

(49) Solids content: 40-60%

(50) Drying time: 10-15 min insensitive to dust, 30 min grip test

(51) Gloss level: 80-85% according to LANGE 60

(52) Hardness: min. 87 according to Buchholz (after drying for 5 days)

(53) Elasticity: 1-2 mm mandrel bending test (after drying for 5 days)

(54) The one-coat lacquer can be applied by painting; the following dilution is needed for application with spray guns:

(55) TABLE-US-00003 60-80 parts by weight lacquer concentrate 20-40 parts by weight special diluent

(56) The optimal viscosity for dip application can also be set with the special diluent. In this way it is also possible to adapt the concentrate for filling into aerosols wherein the suitable blowing agent must be selected.

(57) The special solvent mixture has the following composition:

(58) TABLE-US-00004 20-60 wt.-% xylene 10-40 wt.-% n -butyl acetate 10-40 wt.-% ethyl acetate 10-30 wt.-% acetone

(59) Using this solvent combination, one-coat lacquers based on the binder which can be produced according to the invention can be optimally adapted to the intended use, wherein the mixing ratios of the components may vary.

(60) Explanations on the Production Method:

(61) TABLE-US-00005 Item 1 Binder according to the invention (e.g., a binder according to examples 1-4) Item 2 Pigment wetting additive: the binder is compatible with a large number of commercially available additives. Additives of the Additol brand (available from ALLNEX Germany GmbH) or Byk products (available from BYK/ALTANA) are preferred. Item 3 All conventional types of titanium dioxide can be used. Rutile types are preferred. Anatase types have a strong tendency toward chalking and loss of gloss. Products of the series KRONOS (available from BAYER AG) or FINNTITAN (available from the BRENNTAG group) can preferably be used. Item 4 Here also all conventional iron oxide pigments may be used Item 5 Binder according to the invention Item 6 Commercially available, phthalate-free plasticizers such as Jayflex MB 10 (available from ALBIS PLASTIC KFT). Item 7 Surface leveling additives of the Additol brand or Byk give the best results.

(62) It is known to the person skilled in the art that additional methods and chemical products are possible for further processing the binder into a one-coat lacquer. The special and novel characteristic of adhesion of the one-coat lacquer on plastics without requiring pretreatment results exclusively from the binder according to the invention. The adhesion capacity is not due to the above-listed additional components for producing the one-coat lacquers.

EXAMPLE 6

(63) Method for Preparation of a Silk Luster Metallic Silver Lacquer for Direct Application to Plastic:

(64) With the binder according to the invention it is possible to produce silk luster air-drying metallic lacquers that can be applied directly on plastic parts.

(65) For optimal pigment dispersion, a dissolver is used wherein the dissolver disk should have a diameter of 220 mm to 350 mm. The stirring speed is preferably 300-700 revolutions per minute; 500 revolutions per minute are especially preferred. The best results are achieved with a toothed disk design.

(66) In the preparation, first a highly pigmented and high-viscosity paste is stirred together with one part of the binder until a sufficiently homogeneous mixture is obtained. Then a lacquer is produced with the remainder of the binder to achieve an optimal gloss level.

(67) The shear forces produced within the paste by stirring with the toothed disk are high and put stress on the binder. The subsequently added binder fraction is no longer so highly stressed due to the decreasing viscosity and guarantees excellent gloss.

(68) Example of a production:

(69) TABLE-US-00006 Item 1. 10-60 parts by weight binder Item 2. 0.1-0.5 parts by weight pigment wetting additive Item 3. 10-20 parts by weight metallic pigment Item 4. 1-4 parts by weight antideposition agent

(70) Item 1 is taken initially and items 2-4 are added while stirring with a dissolver. Heating the paste to 40 C. by homogenization is preferred.

(71) Then the paste is further processed as follows:

(72) TABLE-US-00007 Item 5 10-20 parts by weight binder added to form the lacquer Item 6 0.5-2.sup. parts by weight molecular sieve Item 7 1-10 parts by weight n-butyl acetate

(73) Items 5 to 7 are added to the paste immediately after the grinding process while it is still hot. The addition is performed under constant stirring. After a final stirring time of 10 minutes the metallic lacquer is finished.

(74) Lacquer Data:

(75) Viscosity: 50-110 sec F4/20 C.

(76) Solids content: 35-50%

(77) Drying time: 10-15 min insensitive to dust, 30 min grip test

(78) Gloss level: 30-65% according to LANGE 60

(79) Hardness: min. 87 according to Buchholz (after drying for 5 days)

(80) Elasticity: 1-2 mm mandrel bending test (after drying for 5 days)

(81) The metallic lacquer can be applied by painting; for application using spray guns, dilution with

(82) 60-80 parts by weight lacquer concentrate

(83) 20-40 parts by weight special diluent is preferred.

(84) Using the special diluent, the optimal viscosity for dip application can also be set. With this, the concentrate for filling into aerosols can also be set, wherein the suitable blowing agent must be selected.

(85) The special solvent mixture has the following composition:

(86) TABLE-US-00008 20-60 wt.-% xylene 10-40 wt.-% n-butyl acetate 10-40 wt.-% ethyl acetate 10-30 wt.-% acetone

(87) Using this solvent combination, metallic lacquers produced based on the binder according to the invention can be optimally adapted to the intended application; the mixing ratios of the components may vary.

(88) Explanations on the Production Method:

(89) TABLE-US-00009 Item 1 Binder that can be produced according to the invention Item 2 Pigment wetting additive; the binder is with compatible with a large number of commercially available additives. Additives of the Additol brand (available from ALLNEX GERMANY GmbH) or Byk products (available from BYK/Altana) are preferred. Item 3 A large number of conventional aluminum pastes can be used. Products from the METALUX series of the Eckart company result in very attractive coatings. Item 4 Additive for facilitating the stirring up of the sediment; this comprises large-volume, high-density molecules. The products commercially available under the name of AEROSIL (available from DEGUSSA) are ideal. Item 5 Binder which can be produced according to the invention Item 6 This is a molecular sieve for optimally aligning the metal pigments in the lacquer layer. Best results are achieved with products available from the firm of GRACE DAVISON GmbH under the name of SYLOSIV A 4.) Item 7 Solvent for establishing the final viscosity

(90) It is known to the person skilled in the art that additional methods and chemical products are possible for processing the binder into a metallic lacquer. The special and novel characteristic of adhesion of the metallic lacquers to plastics without requiring pretreatment results exclusively from the binder according to the invention. The adhesion capacity is not caused by the above-listed additional components for producing the metallic lacquer.

EXAMPLE 7

(91) Method for Preparation of a High-Gloss Clear Lacquer for Direct Application to Plastic

(92) Using the binder which can be produced according to the invention it is possible to prepare high-gloss air-drying clear lacquers that can be applied directly to plastic parts and stabilize the plastics against exposure to solar radiation through the UV filters that they contain.

(93) For optimal dispersion a dissolver is used, the dissolver disk of which should have a diameter of 220 mm to 350 mm. The stirring speed preferably amounts to 300-700 revolutions per minute; 500 revolutions per minute are especially preferred. The best results are achieved with a toothed disk design.

(94) In the preparation, first a high-viscosity paste is stirred with one part of the binder until a sufficiently homogeneous mixture is obtained. Then the lacquer is built up using the remaining binder fraction to achieve an optimal gloss level. The shear forces produced within the paste by stirring with the toothed disk are high and stress the binder. The subsequently added binder fraction is no longer so highly stressed because of the decreasing viscosity and guarantees an excellent luster.

(95) Example of a production:

(96) TABLE-US-00010 Item 1. 15-75 parts by weight binder Item 2. 0.1-0.5 parts by weight pigment wetting additive Item 3. 0.2-2.sup. parts by weight special UV filter Item 4. 0.2-2.sup. parts by weight plasticizer

(97) Item 1 is taken initially, Items 2-4 are added while under stirring with a dissolver. Heating the paste to 40 C. by homogenization is preferred.

(98) Then the paste is further processed as follows:

(99) TABLE-US-00011 Item 5 15-30 parts by weight binder for lacquer making Item 6 0.5-1.sup. parts by weight leveling agent Item 7 1-10 parts by weight n-butyl acetate

(100) Items 5 to 6 are added to the paste immediately after the grinding process while it is still in the warm state. The addition is performed while stirring constantly. After a final stirring time of 10 minutes the clear lacquer is finished.

(101) Lacquer Data:

(102) Viscosity: 40-100 sec F4/20 C.

(103) Solids content: 20-50%

(104) Drying time: 10-15 min insensitive to dust, 30 min grip test

(105) Gloss level: 80-90% according to LANGE 60

(106) Hardness: min. 87 according to Buchholz (after drying for 5 days)

(107) Elasticity: 1-2 mm mandrel bending test (after drying for 5 days)

(108) The clear lacquer can be applied by painting; for application using spray guns a dilution of

(109) 60-80 parts by weight lacquer concentrate

(110) 20-40 parts by weight special diluent is preferred.

(111) The optimal viscosity for dip application can also be adjusted using the special diluent. In this way the concentrate can also be adjusted for filling into aerosols, wherein a suitable blowing agent must be selected.

(112) The special solvent mixture has the following composition:

(113) TABLE-US-00012 20-60 wt.-% xylene 10-40 wt.-% n-butyl acetate 10-40 wt.-% ethyl acetate 10-30 wt.-% acetone

(114) Using this solvent combination, clear lacquers based on the binder according to the invention can be adjusted optimally for the intended application, wherein the mixing ratios of the components may vary.

(115) Explanations on the Production Method:

(116) TABLE-US-00013 Item 1 Binder produced according to the invention Item 2 Pigment wetting additive: the binder is compatible with a large number of the commercially available additives. Additives of the Additol brand (available from ALLNEX Germany GmbH) or Byk products (available from Byk/Altana) give the best results. Item 3 A very good UV protection effect is obtained with products of the THINUVIN series from BASF Item 4 Commercially available, phthalate-free plasticizers such as Jayflex MB 10 (available from ALBIS PLASTIC KFT) are required to keep the lacquer layers elastic even after prolonged, continuous exposure to sunlight. Item 5 Binder according to the invention Item 6 Surface-leveling additives of the Additol brand (available from ALLNEX Germany GmbH) or Byk give the best results. Item 7 Solvent for adjusting the final viscosity

(117) It is known to the person skilled in the art that additional methods and chemical products are possible to further process the binder to make a clear lacquer. The special and novel characteristic of adhesion of the clear lacquer to plastics without requiring pretreatment results exclusively from the binder according to the invention. The adhesion capacity is not due to the above-listed additional components for producing the clear lacquer.

EXAMPLE 8

(118) Method for Preparation of a Special Adhesive for the Bonding of Paperboard Packaging to Plastics

(119) Very hard-to-solve bonding problems often occur in industry. These include the bonding of different substrates which, depending on the application method, may also be considered as lamination. HOT MELT adhesives or water-based dispersions are usually used for this purpose. With the binder which can be produced according to the invention, it is possible to prepare adhesives that are suitable for applications for which the systems available to date do not achieve adequate adhesion.

(120) This specifically relates to the bonding of paperboard packaging or paper to plastic surfaces.

(121) In the preparation of the adhesives, first a high-viscosity paste is stirred with one part of the binder until a sufficiently homogeneous mixture is obtained. Then the remaining binder fraction is mixed in to achieve an optimally stable consistency. The shear forces produced within the paste by stirring with the toothed disk are high and stress the binder. As a result of the decreasing viscosity, the subsequently added binder fraction is no longer so greatly stressed and guarantees excellent adhesive strength.

(122) Example of a production:

(123) TABLE-US-00014 Item 1. 40-70 parts by weight binder Item 2. 0.1-0.5 parts by weight defoamer Item 3. 0.1-0.5 parts by weight boric acid Item 4. 0.1-0.5 parts by weight substrate wetting additive

(124) Item 1 is taken initially, and items 2-4 are added while stirring with a dissolver.

(125) The dissolver disk should preferably have a diameter of 220 mm to 350 mm. The stirring speed is preferably 300-700 revolutions per minute; 500 revolutions per minute are especially preferred. The best results are achieved with of a toothed disk design.

(126) After addition of all components, the high-viscosity paste is dispersed for at least 20 min. Then the paste is further processed as follows:

(127) TABLE-US-00015 Item 5 10-20 parts by weight binder for lacquer make-up Item 6 10-30 parts by weight n-butyl acetate

(128) Items 5 to 6 are added to the paste after the 20-minute stirring phase. The addition is performed during constant stirring. After a final stirring time of 10 minutes the adhesive is finished.

(129) Adhesive Data:

(130) Viscosity: 2000+/500 mpas 4/20/23 Brookfield

(131) Solids content: 30-60%

(132) Setting time: 1-3 minutes depending on the substrate

(133) The adhesive can be applied by spraying; for adjusting to the system and the nozzle sizes a dilution of

(134) TABLE-US-00016 50-80 wt. adhesive 20-50 parts by weight special diluent
is necessary.

(135) For major customers, an adhesive mixture according finally adjusted to the system parameters can be produced specifically for the customer. In this way, adjustment precisely tailored for the customer's system conditions is possible.

(136) The special diluent has the following composition:

(137) TABLE-US-00017 20-60 wt.-% xylene 10-40 wt.-% n -butyl acetate 10-40 wt.-% ethyl acetate 10-30 wt.-% acetone

(138) Using the special diluent the optimal viscosity for fully automated adhesive application can also be set. Likewise the drying speed can be varied by varying the diluent composition.

(139) Explanations on the Production Method:

(140) TABLE-US-00018 Item 1 Binder that can be produced according to the invention Item 2 Defoamer for preventing air inclusions. Additives of the Additol brand (available from ALLNEX Germany GmbH) or Byk products (available from BYK/Altana) give the best results. Item 3 Commercially available boric acid (technical grade) is not dissolved in this waterless adhesive but is dispersed extremely finely by the dissolver and is important for the penetration of the adhesive into the cellulose fibers Item 4 Substrate wetting additive for better wetting of the plastic surface. Additives of the Additol brand (available from ALLNEX Germany GmbH) or Byk products (available from BYK/Altana) give the best results. Item 5 Binder according to the invention Item 6 Solvent for adjusting the viscosity

(141) It is known to the person skilled in the art that additional methods and chemical products are possible for further processing the binder into an adhesive. The special and novel possibility for bonding paperboard packaging with the adhesive without requiring pretreatment results exclusively from the binder according to the invention. The adhesion capacity is not due to the above-listed additional components for producing the adhesive.

EXAMPLE 9

(142) Preparation of a Base Coat 1. In a reactor equipped with a reflux condenser, heating, cooling and metering devices, 8470 parts xylene are placed. Over 5 hours, 1500 parts of a chlorinated polyolefin mixture, especially a Hardlen type, more specifically a Hardlen 14 LWP or a Hardlen DX-530P are dissolved at a room temperature of approx. 20 C., i.e., no thermal heat addition to the solution is needed. After dissolution is complete, the mixture is brought to a core temperature of 80 C. within 2 hours and held there for 1 hour. Then the mixture is stirred while warm, and while this is taking place, 30 parts of a modified silane mixture, especially CoatOSil 1770, are stirred in over 15 minutes. The result is the first intermediate product for the binder. 2. To produce the second intermediate product for the binder, in a new batch in a reactor equipped with a reflux condenser, heating, cooling and metering devices, 3500 parts vinyl chloride-isobutyl vinyl ether copolymer are introduced into a mixture of 3000 parts xylene and 3500 parts butyl acetate, which is fully dissolved with continuous stirring for 1 hour. 3. To produce the binder, 2300 parts of the first intermediate product are mixed by stirring with 7700 parts of the second intermediate product. After forcing through a filter, a viscosity von 0.98 g/cm.sup.3 results. The filtrate can be forced through a 60 m or 80 m sized mesh to ensure that no foreign particles remain in the binder obtained in this way. 4. The transparent coating can be processed into a top coat or a base coat for plastics. 5. 5100 parts of the binder of step 3 are mixed with 400 parts bentonite and 50 parts black paste in a continuously running dissolver. 6. Then 2500 parts titanium dioxide and 1000 parts Calpex 1 are added with the dissolver running continuously and ground to a particle size of less than 15 m. 7. After reaching the desired particle size, 100 parts Epikote 828 are stirred in and homogenized 8. The base coat obtained in step 7 is adjusted with a solvent mixture of 35% butyl acetate and 65% xylene to a density of 1.30 g/cm.sup.3.

(143) For testing, the base coat is allowed to stand for 24 hours to ensure setting.

EXAMPLE 10

(144) Preparation of a Base Coat 1. In a reactor equipped with reflux condenser, heating, cooling and metering devices, 7100 parts butyl acetate and 1380 parts xylene are placed. Over 2 hours, 1500 parts of a chlorinated polyolefin mixture, especially a Hardlen type, more specifically a Hardlen 14 LWP or a Hardlen DX-530P are dissolved at a temperature of approx. 70 C., i.e., thermal heat is added during the dissolution. After dissolution is complete, the mixture is brought to a core temperature of 70 C. within 2 hours and maintained for 30 minutes. The mixture is now stirred while hot and then over 15 minutes, 20 parts of a modified silane mixture, especially CoatOSil 1770, are stirred in. In this way the first intermediate product is finished, and then further processed to form a binder. 2. To finish the second intermediate product, in a new batch 4000 parts vinyl chloride-isobutyl vinyl ether copolymer are added to a mixture of 3000 parts xylene and 3000 parts butyl acetate mixture in a reactor equipped with reflux condenser, heating, cooling and metering devices, then dissolved completely during 1 hour with constant stirring. 3. The two intermediate products can be processed into a top coat or a base coat for plastics. 4. 2000 parts of the second intermediate product are mixed with 300 parts bentonite, 100 parts black paste, 100 parts Aerosil, 2300 parts Calpex and 1000 parts Bayferrox in a continuously running dissolver and ground to a particle size of less than 15 m. 5. The base coat is made into a lacquer with 1000 parts of the first intermediate product and 2000 parts of the mixture of step 4. Then 35 parts Epikote and 80 parts BYK 355 are added. 6. The base coat is stirred up cleanly and adjusted to a density of 1.26 g/cm.sup.3 with xylene.

(145) For testing, allow the base coat to stand for 24 hours to ensure setting.

EXAMPLE 11

(146) Preparation of a Base Coat 1. In a reactor equipped with reflux condenser, heating, cooling and metering devices are placed 8760 parts xylene. Over 5 hours 1200 parts of a chlorinated polyolefin mixture, especially a Hardlen type, more specifically a Hardlen 14 LWP or a Hardlen DX-530P are dissolved at a room temperature of approx. 20 C., i.e., no thermal heat need be applied during the dissolution. After dissolution is complete, the mixture is brought within 2 hours to a core temperature of 80 C. and held for 1 hour. The mixture is now stirred up while hot and then over 15 minutes, 40 parts of a modified silane mixture, especially CoatOSil 1770, are stirred in. In this way the first intermediate product for the binder is finished. 2. To produce the second intermediate product for the binder, in a new batch, following addition to a reactor provided with a reflux condenser, heating, cooling and metering devices, 4500 parts vinyl chloride-isobutyl vinyl ether copolymer are added to a mixture of 3000 parts xylene and 2500 parts butyl acetate, then completely dissolved in 1 hour under continuous stirring. This is the second intermediate product for the binder. 3. The two intermediate products can be mixed to form a binder and then processed into a top coat or a base coat for plastics. 4. 2000 parts of the second intermediate product are mixed with 300 parts bentonite, 80 parts Aerosil, 2000 parts Calpex and 1300 parts titanium dioxide in a continuously running dissolver and dispersed to a particle size of less than 20 m. 5. Then 1700 parts of the second intermediate product, 1400 parts of the first intermediate product and 30 parts Epicote as well as 80 parts BYK 355 are added and homogenized. 6. The base coat obtained in step 5 is adjusted with a solvent mixture of 35% butyl acetate and 65% xylene to a density of 1.30 g/cm.sup.3.

(147) The base coat is allowed to stand for 24 hours before testing, to ensure setting.

EXAMPLE 12

(148) Preparation of a Base Coat: 1. In a reactor equipped with reflux condenser, heating, cooling and metering devices, 8980 parts xylene are placed. Over 2 hours, 1000 parts of a chlorinated polyolefin mixture, especially a Hardlen type, more specifically a Hardlen 14 LWP or a Hardlen 15LP are dissolved at a temperature of approx. 70 C., i.e., the aromatic hydrocarbon taken initially is preheated to 70 C. After dissolution is complete, the mixture is brought to a core temperature of 80 C. within 1 hour and held for 1 hour. The mixture is now stirred up while hot and then over 15 minutes, 20 parts of a modified silane mixture, especially CoatOSil 1770, are stirred in. In this way the first intermediate product for the binder is finished. 2. The first intermediate product is then cooled overnight to room temperature, approx. 22 C. A product temperature of 22 C. is optimal for further processing the first intermediate product into a binder. 3. 2000 parts xylene are placed in a reactor equipped with reflux condenser, heating, cooling and metering devices, a 40% volume of vinyl chloride-isobutyl vinyl ether copolymer are added and mixed, the two components are stirred until clean and smooth; with constant stirring, then 300 parts bentonite, 120 parts Aerosil, 2000 parts Calpex and 1300 titanium dioxide are incorporated and dispersed to a particle size of less than 15 m. This is the second intermediate product. 4. For making up the base coat into a lacquer, 2000 parts of the first intermediate product and 1200 parts of the second intermediate product (xylene-vinyl chloride-isobutyl vinyl ether copolymer) and 30 parts Epikote are mixed using a continuously running dissolver. 5. Then a viscosity of 1.26 g/cm.sup.3 is set with xylene.

EXAMPLE 13

(149) Preparation of a Base Coat: 1. In a reactor equipped with reflux condenser, heating, cooling and metering devices, 6000 parts butyl acetate and 1920 parts xylene are placed. Over 5 hours, 2000 parts of a chlorinated polyolefin mixture, especially a Hardlen type, more specifically a Hardlen 14 LWP or a Hardlen 15LP at a room temperature of approx. 20 C. are dissolved, i.e., it is not necessary to add thermal heat during dissolution. After dissolution is complete, the mixture is brought within 2 hours to a core temperature of 65 C. and maintained for 1 hour. The mixture is now stirred up in the cold state and at the same time, over 15 minutes, 80 parts of a modified silane mixture, especially CoatOSil 1770, are stirred in. In this way the first intermediate product for the binder is finished. 2. To finish the second intermediate product for the binder, in a new batch with introduction into a reactor equipped with a reflux condenser, heating, cooling and metering devices, 3600 parts vinyl chloride-isobutyl vinyl ether copolymer are introduced into a mixture of 3900 parts xylene and 2500 parts butyl acetate, which is completely dissolved 1 hour with continuous stirring. 3. For preparation of the binder, 3000 parts of the first intermediate product and 7000 parts of the second intermediate product are mixed while stirring. After forcing out through a filter, a viscosity of 0.98 g/cm.sup.3 results. The filtrate can be forced through a 60 m or 80 m sized mesh to ensure that no foreign particles remain in the binder obtained in this way. 4. The transparent coating can be processed into a top coat or a base coat for plastics. 5. 4800 parts of the binder of step 3 are mixed with 400 parts bentonite and 50 parts black paste with the dissolver running. 6. Then 3000 parts titanium dioxide are added with the dissolver running continuously and ground to a particle size of less than 15 m. 7. The base coat obtained in step 6 is adjusted with a solvent mixture of 35% butyl acetate and 65% xylene to a density of 1.30 g/cm.sup.3. 8. For testing, the base coat is allowed to stand for 24 hours to ensure setting.

EXAMPLE 14

(150) Preparation of a Base Coat 1. In a reactor equipped with reflux condenser, heating, cooling and metering devices, 8490 parts xylene are placed. Over 2 hours, 1500 parts of a chlorinated polyolefin mixture, especially a Hardlen type, more specifically a Hardlen 14 LWP or a Hardlen 15LP are dissolved at a temperature of approx. 70 C., i.e., the aromatic hydrocarbon in the container is preheated to 70 C. After dissolution is complete, the mixture is brought within 1 hour to a core temperature of 80 C. and held for 1 hour. The mixture is now stirred up while warm and then 10 parts of a modified silane mixture, especially CoatOSil 1770, are stirred in for 15 minutes. This is the first intermediate product for the binder. 2. To finish the second intermediate product for the binder, in a new batch with introduction into a reactor equipped with a reflux condenser, heating, cooling and metering devices, 3200 parts vinyl chloride-isobutyl vinyl ether copolymer are completely dissolved in 6800 parts xylene for 1 hour while stirring continuously. 3. The two intermediate products, i.e., the first intermediate product with 1800 parts and the second intermediate product with 8200 parts, are mixed while stirring. After forcing through a filter, a viscosity of 0.98 g/cm.sup.3 results. The filtrate can be forced through a 60 m or 80 m sized mesh to ensure that no foreign particles remain in the binder thus obtained. 4. The transparent coating can be processed into a top coat or a base coat for plastics. 5. 4900 parts binder are mixed with 400 parts bentonite and 150 parts black paste in a continuously running dissolver. 6. Then 4000 parts titanium dioxide are introduced to the continuously running dissolver and ground to a particle size of less than 15 m. 7. The base coat obtained in step 6 is adjusted to a density of 1.30 g/cm.sup.3 with a solvent mixture of 35% butyl acetate and 65% xylene. 8. For testing, the base coat is allowed to stand for 24 hours to ensure setting.

EXAMPLE 15

(151) Preparation of a Base Coat 1. In a reactor equipped with a reflux condenser, heating, cooling and metering devices, 8760 parts xylene are placed. 1200 parts of a chlorinated polyolefin mixture, especially a Hardlen type, more specifically a Hardlen 14 LWP or a Hardlen 15LP are dissolved for 2 hours at a temperature of approx. 70 C., i.e., the initially taken aromatic hydrocarbon is preheated at a temperature of 70 C. After dissolution is complete, the mixture is brought to a core temperature of 80 C. within 1 hour and held for 1 hour. The mixture is now stirred up in the warm condition and then for 15 minutes 40 parts of a modified silane mixture, especially CoatOSil 1770, is stirred in. After this the first intermediate product for the binder is finished. 2. The first intermediate product is then cooled overnight to room temperature, approx. 22 C. For further processing the first intermediate product into the binder, a product temperature of 22 C. is optimal. 3. In a reactor equipped with reflux condenser, heating, cooling and metering devices, 2500 parts of the finished first intermediate product is placed and mixed with 4800 parts xylene, the two components are stirred until cleanly smooth, and then under continuous stirring 2300 parts vinyl chloride-isobutyl vinyl ether copolymer are incorporated and completely dissolved for 1 hour under continuous stirring. As a visual check for complete dissolution, the binder is a clear mixture with a slight yellow tinge. 4. The binder is then filtered and allowed to rest; the binder can now also be further processed into a top coat. After forcing through a filter, a viscosity of 0.98 g/cm.sup.3 results. The filtrate can be forced through a mesh 60 m or 80 m in size to ensure that no foreign particles remain in the binder thus obtained. 5. The transparent coating can be processed into a top coat or a base coat for plastics. 6. 3800 parts of the binder are mixed with 400 parts bentonite and 100 parts black paste in a continuously running dissolver. 7. Then 2600 parts titanium dioxide and 1000 parts Calpex are added to the continuously running dissolver and ground to a particle size of less than 15 m. 8. The base coat obtained in step 7 is adjusted with 1100 parts of a solvent mixture of 50% butyl acetate and 50% xylene to a density of 1.30 g/cm.sup.3. 9. For testing, the base coat is allowed to stand for 24 hours to ensure setting.

EXAMPLE 16

(152) Preparation of a Base Coat 1. In a reactor equipped with reflux condenser, heating, cooling and metering devices, 8570 parts xylene are placed. Over 5 hours, 1400 parts of a chlorinated polyolefin mixture, especially a Hardlen type, more specifically a Hardlen 14 LWP or a Hardlen 15LP, are dissolved at a room temperature of approx. 20 C., i.e., it is not necessary to add thermal heating during dissolution. After dissolution is complete, the mixture is brought within 2 hours to a core temperature of 85 C. and maintained for 1 hour. The mixture is now stirred while warm and then over 15 minutes, 30 parts of a modified silane mixture, especially CoatOSil 1770, are stirred in. In this way the first intermediate product for the binder is finished. 2. The first intermediate product is then cooled overnight to room temperature, approx. 22 C. For further processing the first intermediate product to a binder, a product temperature of 22 C. is optimal. 3. In a reactor equipped with reflux condenser, heating, cooling and metering devices, 2300 parts of the finished first intermediate product are placed with 5000 parts of a xylene/butyl acetate mixture and mixed, wherein the mixing ratio of the xylene/butyl acetate mixture is 60:40 (xylene:butyl acetate). The two constituents are stirred clean and smooth. Then while stirring constantly, 2500 parts vinyl chloride-isobutyl vinyl ether copolymer are incorporated; these are completely dissolved within 2 hours under continuous stirring. 4. The binder is then filtered and allowed to stand. Now the binder can be further processed directly to a top coat. After forcing through a filter, a viscosity of 0.98 g/cm.sup.3 results. The filtrate can then be forced through a 60 m or 80 m sized mesh, ensuring that no foreign particles remain in the binder obtained in this way. 5. The transparent coating can be processed into a top coat or a base coat for plastics. 6. 2000 parts of the binder are mixed with 400 parts bentonite and 50 parts black paste in a continuously running dissolver. 7. Then 2500 parts titanium dioxide are added with the dissolver running continuously and ground to a particle size of less than 15 m. 8. The top coat is adjusted to a density of 1.30 g/cm.sup.3 with 1500 parts butyl acetate and 1000 parts xylene. 9. For testing, the base coat is allowed to stand for 24 hours to ensure setting.

EXAMPLE 17

(153) Preparation of a Base Coat 1. In a reactor equipped with reflux condenser, heating, cooling and metering devices, 7100 parts butyl acetate and 1380 parts xylene are placed. Over 5 hours, 1500 parts of a chlorinated polyolefin mixture, especially a Hardlen type, more specifically a Hardlen 14 LWP or a Hardlen 15LP are dissolved at a room temperature of approx. 20 C., i.e., it is not necessary to add thermal heat during dissolution. After dissolution is complete, the mixture is brought within 6 hours to a core temperature of 85 C. and held for 1 hour. The mixture is now agitated while warm and then 20 parts of a modified silane mixture, especially CoatOSil 1770, is stirred in for 15 minutes. In this way the first intermediate product for the binder is finished. 2. The first intermediate product is then cooled overnight to room temperature, approx. 22 C. For further processing the first intermediate product into a binder, a product temperature of 22 C. is optimal. 3. In a reactor equipped with reflux condenser, heating, cooling and metering devices, 2500 parts of the finished first intermediate product with 5000 parts xylene are placed and mixed. The two constituents are stirred until clean and smooth. Then while stirring constantly 2500 parts vinyl chloride-isobutyl vinyl ether copolymer are incorporated; this is completely dissolved within 1 hour under constant stirring. As a visual check for complete dissolution, the binder is a clear mixture with a slight yellow tinge. 4. The binder is then filtered and allowed to stand. After forcing through a filter, a viscosity of 0.98 g/cm.sup.3 results. The filtrate can be forced through a mesh of 60 m or 80 m in size, ensuring that no foreign particles remain in the binder obtained in this way. 5. The transparent coating can be processed into a top coat or a base coat for plastics. 6. 5000 parts of the binder are mixed with 250 parts bentonite and 80 parts black paste in a continuously running dissolver. 7. Then 3000 parts Calpex1 are placed in a continuously running dissolver and ground to a particle size of less than 15 m. 8. The base coat obtained in step 7 is adjusted to a density of 1.30 g/cm.sup.3 with a solvent mixture of 35% butyl acetate and 65% xylene. 9. For testing, the base coat is allowed to stand for 24 hours to ensure setting.

EXAMPLE 18

(154) Coating of Plastic with a Binder or a Base Coat 1. The plastic surfaces to be undercoated are cleaned with a suitable plastic cleaner. 2. The plastic surface is freed from contaminants, greases and dust and aired off for at least 3 min. 3. The binder or the base coat is mixed with a diluent which is a mixture of butyl acetate and xylene to a workable viscosity. The viscosity of the binder or the base coat is approx. 160 seconds in a 4 mm DIN cup (the viscosity is measured with a 4 mm DIN cup). To set an optimally workable viscosity for the paint guns or a lacquering robot, the binder or the base coat is diluted such that it has a viscosity of approx. 15 seconds in the DIN 4 mm cup. For an initial viscosity of the binder or the base coat of 135 seconds in the DIN 4 mm cup, a base coat:diluent dilution of 2:1 by volume leads to viscosities of 16 to 25 s in the DIN 4 mm cup at a temperature of 20 C. The binder is also preferably diluted in a binder:dilution volume ratio of 2:1. 4. For the processing of the binder or the base coat made on the basis thereof, an air pressure operated paint gun or a lacquering robot is used. In order for the corresponding coating layer to be processed, a lacquering pressure with the corresponding paint gun nozzle is set. In the case of robot lacquering the corresponding device will be adapted to the product. The pressure and nozzle settings can vary in the case of different devices. In the case of a compressed air-driven paint gun, a nozzle size of 1.2-1.3 mm (HVLP 1.3-1.4 mm) and a spraying pressure of 2-4 bar (HVLP 0.8-1.2 bar) are preferably used. 5. The dry layer thickness is set at 20-40 m. In the case of textured surfaces, a minimum layer thickness of 20 m above the roughness depth is set. The dry layer thickness is set such that adhesion to the respective plastic substrate can be achieved. In the case of a top coat the dry layer thickness is at least 20 m. The layer thickness is measured with a conventional layer thickness meter or with the aid of an electronic knife, as is usual in laboratories. 6. The spreading rate of the base coat is 17 m.sup.2/kg/20 m. In the case of a base coat delivery viscosity of 135 seconds in a 4 mm DIN cup and mixing with the diluent to achieve the workable viscosity of 15 seconds in a 4 mm DIN cup, a workable area can be calculated. With 1 kg base coat and 0.5 liter of diluent, approx. 17 m.sup.2 plastic substrate can be coated by lacquering with a paint gun. 7. After 15 minutes of ventilating at 20 C. the base coat can be overcoated with water- or with solvent-containing pigmented lacquer layers, in particular 1-component or 2-component top coats.

EXAMPLE 19

(155) Method for Testing the Adhesion of the Plastic Coating with Using the Cross-Cut Test Standard 1. After manufacturing, the binder or the base coat is allowed to stand for 24 hours; during this time the cross-linking of the raw materials in the binder is assured. Unchanged quality is determined by a viscosity measurement. 2. The binder or the base coat is mixed to a workable viscosity. 3. A polypropylene plastic substrate is cleaned with a commercially available plastic cleaner. 4. Using a compressed air-driven paint gun, the binder or the base coat is coated as described in Example 17. 5. The plastic disk is labeled with data on the processing and the date and dried at room temperature of approx. 20 C. without thermal heat exposure for 24 hours. 6. The effect and adhesion can also be improved or accelerated by thermal heat exposure, in other words, the plastic substrate can be thermally dried at 60 C. and 40 minutes or at 80 C. and 30 minutes. 7. After 24 hours, cross-cutting is performed with an ISO cross-cut tester for plastic substrates (DIN EN ISO 2409). 8. This is followed by an adhesive tape tear-off according to DIN EN ISO 2409 9. With the binder of Examples 1-4 and the base coat of Examples 9-17, the cut edges are completely smooth, i.e., no square is pulled off, and the adhesion test is thus successful. One-coat lacquers such as clear lacquers produced with the binder according to the invention also have very high adhesive properties according to the indicated test standard.

COMPARISON EXAMPLE 20

(156) Preparation of a Comparison Binder

(157) To perform comparison experiments a comparison binder is produced, wherein compared with binders according to the invention, the addition of a vinyl chloride-vinyl ether copolymer such as Laroflex MP 35 is omitted.

(158) For preparing a comparison binder, the following reagents are used: (1) 1500 parts by weight Hardlen 14 LWP (chlorinated polypropylene, molecular weight 60,000, chlorine content 27%, with a specific gravity (H.sub.2O=1) of 1.2) (2) 8470 parts by weight xylene (organic solvent, molecular weight 106.17 g/mol, general formula C.sub.8H.sub.10) (3) 30 parts by weight CoatOSil 1770 (modified silane mixture, epoxysilane with a molecular weight 288.46 g/mol)

(159) In a first step reagent (1), the chlorinated polyolefin mixture Hardlen 14 LWP, is mixed stepwise into reagent (2), the organic solvent xylene, under continuous stirring with a dissolver, wherein the dissolver disk has a diameter of 250 mm and the stirring speed is 550 revolutions per minute.

(160) In a second step the temperature of the reaction mixture is raised to 80 C. and maintained for more than two hours. After the system containing reagents (1) and (2) is well mixed, reagent (3), the modified silane mixture CoatOSil 1770, is added to the reaction mixture and stirred for 10 min. In this way the comparison binder is finished. This corresponds to the first intermediate product of a binder according to the invention.

COMPARISON EXAMPLE 21

(161) Preparation of a Comparison Binder

(162) To perform comparison experiments, a comparison binder is produced, wherein compared with the binder according to the invention the addition of a modified silane mixture, for example an epoxysilane CoatOSil 1770, is omitted.

(163) To prepare a first intermediate product for the comparison binder, the following reagents are used: (1) 1500 parts by weight Hardlen 14 LWP (chlorinated polypropylene, molecular weight 60,000, chlorine content 27%, with a specific gravity (H.sub.2O=1) of 1.2) (2) 8500 parts by weight xylene (organic solvent, molecular weight 106.17 g/mol, general formula C.sub.8H.sub.10)

(164) In a first step reagent (1), the chlorinated polyolefin mixture Hardlen 14 LWP, is mixed in stepwise to reagent (2), the organic solvent xylene, under continuous stirring with a dissolver, wherein the dissolver disk has a diameter of 250 mm and a stirring speed of 550 revolutions per minute.

(165) In a second step the temperature of the reaction mixture is increased to 80 C. and maintained for two hours. This is the first intermediate product for the binder.

(166) For further processing the first intermediate product to the comparison binder, the following reagents are used: (3) 2300 parts by weight of the first intermediate product (4) 5200 parts by weight xylene (organic solvent, molecular weight 106.17 g/mol, general formula C.sub.8H.sub.10) (5) 2500 parts by weight Laroflex MP 35 (vinyl chloride(C.sub.2H.sub.3Cl)-isobutyl vinyl ether(C.sub.6H.sub.12O) copolymer, chlorine content 44%)

(167) Reagent (5), the vinyl chloride-isobutyl vinyl ether copolymer Laroflex MP 35, is mixed in stepwise to reagent (4), the organic solvent xylene. This takes place during continuous stirring with a dissolver, wherein the dissolver disk has a diameter of 250 mm and the stirring speed is 550 revolutions per minute. This is the second intermediate product for the binder.

(168) Then reagent (3), i.e., 2300 parts by weight the first intermediate product, is introduced to the second intermediate product, containing reagents (4) and (5), and homogenized by stirring.

COMPARISON EXAMPLE 22

(169) Preparation of a Comparison Binder

(170) To perform comparison experiments, a comparison binder is produced, wherein in contrast to the binder according to the invention, no heating of the reaction mixture to a temperature between 65 C. and 120 C. for producing the first intermediate product takes place. Instead of this, the reaction mixture is only heated to a temperature of 40 C.

(171) The following reagents are used to prepare a first intermediate product for the binder: (1) 1500 parts by weight Hardlen 14 LWP (chlorinated polypropylene, molecular weight 60,000, chlorine content 27%, with a specific gravity (H.sub.2O=1) von 1.2) (2) 8470 parts by weight xylene (organic solvent, molecular weight 106.17 g/mol, general formula C.sub.8H.sub.10 (3) 30 parts by weight CoatOSil 1770 (modified silane mixture, epoxysilane with a molecular weight 288.46 g/mol)

(172) In a first step reagent (1), the chlorinated polyolefin mixture Hardlen 14 LWP, is mixed in stepwise to reagent (2), the organic solvent xylene, under continuous stirring with a dissolver, wherein the dissolver disk has a diameter of 250 mm and a stirring speed of 550 revolutions per minute.

(173) In a second step the temperature of the reaction mixture is increased to 40 C. and maintained for two hours. After the system containing reagents (1) and (2) is well mixed, reagent (3), the modified silane mixture CoatOSil 1770, is added to the reaction mixture and stirred for 10 min. This is the first intermediate product for the binder.

(174) For further processing the first intermediate product to the binder, the following reagents are used: (4) 2300 parts by weight of the first intermediate product (5) 5200 parts by weight xylene (organic solvent, molecular weight 106.17 g/mol, general formula C.sub.8H.sub.10) (6) 2500 parts by weight Laroflex MP 35 (vinyl chloride(C.sub.2H.sub.3Cl)-isobutyl vinyl ether(C.sub.6H.sub.12O) copolymer, chlorine content 44%)

(175) Reagent (6), the vinyl chloride-isobutyl vinyl ether copolymer Laroflex MP 35, is mixed in stepwise to reagent (5), the organic solvent xylene. This takes place under continuous stirring with a dissolver, wherein the dissolver disk has a diameter of 250 mm and the stirring speed is 550 revolutions per minute. This is the second intermediate product for the binder.

(176) Then reagent (4), i.e., 2300 parts by weight of the first intermediate product, is introduced to the second intermediate product, containing reagents (5) and (6), and homogenized by stirring.

COMPARISON EXAMPLE 23

(177) Preparation of a Comparison Base Coat

(178) A comparison base coat is produced for performing comparison experiments: 1. A comparison binder according to Comparison Example 20 is produced. 2. 5100 parts of the comparison binder are mixed with 400 parts bentonite and 50 parts black paste in a continuously running dissolver. 3. Then 2500 parts titanium dioxide and 1000 parts Calpex 1 are introduced to a continuously running dissolver and ground to a particle size of less than 15 m. 4. After this particle size is reached, 100 parts Epikote 828 are stirred in and homogenized 5. The base coat obtained in step 4 is adjusted to a density of 1.30 g/cm.sup.3 with a solvent mixture of 35% butyl acetate and 65% xylene.

(179) The base coat is allowed to stand for 24 hours before testing to ensure setting.

COMPARISON EXAMPLE 24

(180) Preparation of a Comparison Base Coat

(181) A comparison base coat is produced for performing comparison experiments: 1. A comparison binder according to Comparison Example 21 is produced. 2. 5100 parts of the comparison binder are mixed with 400 parts bentonite and 50 parts black paste in a continuously running dissolver. 3. Then 2500 parts titanium dioxide and 1000 parts Calpex 1 are placed in a continuously running dissolver and ground to a particle size of less than 15 m. 4. After reaching this particle size, 100 parts Epikote 828 are stirred in and homogenized 5. The base coat obtained in step 4 is adjusted with a solvent mixture of 35% butyl acetate and 65% xylene to a density of 1.30 g/cm.sup.3.

(182) The base coat is allowed to stand for 24 hours before testing, to ensure setting.

COMPARISON EXAMPLE 25

(183) Preparation of a Comparison Base Coat

(184) A comparison base coat is produced for performing comparison experiments: 1. A comparison binder according to Comparison Example 22 is produced. 2. 5100 parts of the comparison binder are mixed with 400 parts bentonite and 50 parts black paste in a continuously running dissolver. 3. Then 2500 parts titanium dioxide and 1000 parts Calpex 1 are introduced into a continuously running dissolver and ground to a particle size of less than 15 m. 4. After reaching the particle size, 100 parts Epikote 828 are stirred in and homogenized 5. The base coat obtained in step 4 is adjusted with a solvent mixture of 35% butyl acetate and 65% xylene to a density of 1.30 g/cm.sup.3.

(185) The base coat is allowed to stand for 24 hours before testing, to ensure setting.

EXAMPLE 28

(186) Performance of Comparison Experiments

(187) Preparation of the Samples:

(188) Polypropylene (PP) is used as the starting material for the test substrate. The polypropylene disks are not pretreated physically or chemically for coating with the different binders, base coats or lacquers. Test disks were only cleaned to remove dust and grease.

(189) Coating of the polypropylene disks is done as presented in Example 18.

(190) To determine the adhesion of the binder and base coats produced from it to plastic substrates, various test procedures were performed on samples and comparison samples coated according to the invention.

(191) TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 1 Sample numbers: Sample No. Coating A PP disks coated with binder according to Example 1 B PP disks coated with binder according to Example 2 C PP disks coated with binder according to Example 3 D PP disks coated with binder according to Example 4 E PP disks coated with comparison binder according to Comparison Example 20 F PP disks coated with comparison binder according to Comparison Example 21 G PP disks coated with comparison binder according to Comparison Example 22 H PP disks coated with base coat according to Example 9 I PP disks coated with base coat according to Example 10 J PP disks coated with base coat according to Example 11 K PP disks coated with base coat according to Example 12 L PP disks coated with comparison base coat according to Comparison Example 23 M PP disks coated with comparison base coat according to Comparison Example 24 N PP disks coated with comparison base coat according to Comparison Example 25 O PP disks coated with metallic lacquer according to Example 6 P PP disks coated with a top coat for plastic substrates, ECKART Effect pigments (D5 metallic lacquer gold) Q PP disks coated with a clear lacquer according to Example 7 R PP disks coated with a clear lacquer of STANDOX (Standocryl 2K Express Premium clear lacquer)

(192) Test Method: Cross-Cutting According to DIN EN ISO 2409

(193) Testing with a cross-cut according to DIN EN ISO 2409:2013-06 was performed on the samples, as presented in Example 19. In this way the resistance of a coating to separation from the substrate can be determined if a grid extending through to the substrate is cut into the coating.

(194) The results of the cross-cuts are evaluated on a scale of GT 0 to GT 5.

(195) GT 0 corresponds to a result in which after pulling off a strip of adhesive tape (Tesa 4657) the cut edges remain completely smooth. In other words, none of the squares is peeled off, and the adhesion testing is correspondingly successful.

(196) GT 5 corresponds to the result in which, after pulling off a strip of adhesive tape (Tesa 4657), the squares completely peel off. In this case the adhesion test has failed.

(197) Steam Jet Testing According to PV 1503 Test method: Steam jet testing according to PV 1503 (method A) DIN 55662 2008.03 Testing instrument: LTA1 (Walter Gertebau) Nozzle: EG 2506 Flow volume: 11.3 l/min Temperature: 70 C. (at the nozzle) Angle of incidence: 45 Nozzle-sample distance: 15 cm Testing time: 20 sec (per cut)

(198) The scale for evaluating the steam jet testing is based on Volkswagen TL 211.

(199) KW 0 corresponds to a result in which after testing the cut edges (St. Andrew's cross) remain completely smooth. In other words, the cut surface is completely smooth and shows no damage to the score lines, and the adhesion testing is thus successful.

(200) KW 5 corresponds to a result in which after testing the cut edges (St. Andrew's cross) exhibit complete stripping of the coating. In other words, the cut surfaces are damaged and the scoring and the adhesion testing is thus negative. The result is therefore also characterized as failed (abbreviation n.b.).

(201) Test Method: Humidity-Constant Climate Test 240 h Test method: Humidity-constant climate according to DIN EN ISO 6270-2 CH Testing time: 240 h Evaluation: Visual according to DIN EN ISO 4628-1 Degree of blistering according to DIN EN ISO 4628-2 Cross-cut according to DIN EN ISO 2409/Adhesive: Tesa 4657 Steam jet testing according to PV 1503 A

(202) The results of the humidity-constant climate test are evaluated on a scale of 1 (51) to 5 (S5). The evaluation is based on Volkswagen TL 211.

(203) 1 (51) corresponds to a finding that no visually altered surface structure is visible and complete adhesion and no visible alterations such as blistering are seen on the coated substrate.

(204) 5 (S5) corresponds to a finding of a clearly visible change in the coating surface such as blistering or complete separation. In this case the humidity-constant climate test is not passed.

(205) In the case of a coating that does not enable adhesion to the plastic and thus leads to complete separation of the coating, the finding is also labeled as failed (n.b.).

(206) Test Method: Cross-Cut after Humidity-Constant Climate Test

(207) In this test method cross-cut testing according to DIN EN ISO 2409:2013-06 is performed following a humidity-constant climate test according to DIN EN ISO 6270-2 CH.

(208) Test Method: Steam Jet Testing after Humidity-Constant Climate Test

(209) In this test method steam jet testing according to according to PV 1503 is performed following a humidity-constant climate test according to DIN EN ISO 6270-2 CH.

(210) Results of the Der Test Methods

(211) The results of the test methods for the various samples A-R are shown in Table 2.

(212) TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 2 Test results Cross-cut Steam jet- Cross-cut Steam jet- Humidity- test after test after Sample DIN EN ISO testing climate test humidity humidity number 2409 PV 1503 240 h test test A GT 0 KW 0 1 (S1) GT 0 KW 0 B GT 0 KW 0 1 (S1) GT 0 KW 0 C GT 1 KW 1 1 (S1) GT 1 KW 1 D GT 1 KW 2 2 (S2) GT 2 KW 2 E GT 4 KW 5 3 (S3) GT 5 n.b. F GT 4 KW 3 2 (S3) GT 4 KW 3 G GT 3 KW 4 3 (S3) GT 4 KW 4 H GT 0 KW 0 1 (S2) GT 0 KW 0 I GT 0 KW 1 2 (S2) GT 2 KW 2 J GT 0 KW 0 1 (S2) GT 1 KW 1 K GT 1 KW 1 2 (S2) GT 2 KW 3 L GT 4 KW 5 3 (S3) GT 5 n.b. M GT 4 KW 3 2 (S3) GT 4 KW 3 N GT 3 KW 4 3 (S3) GT 4 KW 4 0 GT 1 KW 2 2 (S2) GT 2 KW 2 P GT 5 KW 5 n.b. GT 5 KW 5 Q GT 1 KW 2 2 (S2) GT 2 KW 2 R GT 5 KW 5 n.b. GT 5 KW 5