Method for improving soda saline-alkaline paddy fields by stirring and discharging slurry and application thereof

Abstract

A method for improving paddy fields by stirring and discharging slurry, including steps of rotary tillage scarifying, irrigation and paddy field soaking, slurry stirring, slurry layering, slurry discharging, airing, and water storing. The method for improving paddy fields by stirring and discharging slurry can quickly and greatly reduce soil salinity, with a cost lower than 1,000 yuan/hm2, a yield of 5,065 kg/hm2 to 6,304 kg/hm2; it saves the step of water harrowing before conventional rice planting and transplanting, and offers simple operation and promising prospect of replication and popularization, providing important support for increasing grain in soda saline-alkaline areas in the western Songnen Plain.

Claims

1. A method for improving paddy fields by stirring and discharging slurry, comprising: S101: rotary tillage scarifying, where a soda saline-alkaline paddy field to be treated is scarified by rotary tillage with a depth of 11-14 centimeters (cm); S102: irrigation and paddy field soaking, where the soda saline-alkaline paddy field treated in the S101 is irrigated with water and soaked for 3-7 days, followed by supplementing with water to a thickness of 7 cm-10 cm before stirring; S103: slurry stirring, where the slurry of the soda saline-alkaline paddy field is stirred in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction; S104: slurry layering, where a container containing 30 percent (%)-50% sulfuric acid by mass is mounted on a tractor, and the container is provided with a hole to allow the sulfuric acid to continuously flow out of the container at a flow rate; the tractor is started to stir the slurry so as to mix the sulfuric acid into the slurry, where soil powder particles in a suspended slurry layer precipitate, and soil clay particles remain in the slurry layer in a suspended state because of their smaller particles and stronger dispersibility; the stirring is carried out until powder particles are precipitated and the suspended slurry layer is reduced in terms of viscosity; and the sulfuric acid used in this layering step is 70%-80% of a total amount of sulfuric acid of the method; S105: slurry discharging, where water inlets and water outlets of the paddy field are opened while performing stirring, so that water replenishment and drainage is carried out at the same time, and the suspended slurry layer is discharged out of the paddy field by using clear water flow; the stirring of the tractor is continued and the sulfuric acid left is sprinkled into the paddy field, where aroused waves are utilized to promote the suspended slurry layer to be discharged from the paddy field, and the tractor is stopped working until the sulfuric acid is all sprinkled into the field; the water inlets are closed until more than 95% of the suspended slurry layer is discharged, and the water outlets are kept open until the water in the paddy field is completely drained; S106: airing, where airing is carried out when the soda saline-alkaline paddy field to be treated is a newly-reclaimed paddy field or a two-year paddy field, the paddy field is naturally aired until the water in the paddy field is drained and no slurry sticks to shoes when adults walk normally; and the airing is not carried out when the soda saline-alkaline paddy field to be treated is a three-year paddy field; and S107: water storing; for newly-reclaimed soda saline-alkaline paddy field to be treated, the field is watered until saturation with water of about 1 cm-2 cm deep 1 day before transplanting rice seedlings; and, for a two-year soda saline-alkaline paddy field to be treated, the field is watered until saturation with water of about 1 cm-2 cm deep 1-3 days before transplanting rice seedlings; and, for the three-year soda saline-alkaline paddy field to be treated, the field is watered until saturation directly after the slurry discharging of S105 is completed, the field is ready for transplanting.

2. The method for improving paddy fields by stirring and discharging slurry according to claim 1, wherein in the step S101, when the soda saline-alkaline paddy field to be treated is a newly-reclaimed paddy field, the field is subjected to rotary tillage with a depth of 11-12 cm; and, when the soda saline-alkaline paddy field to be treated is a two-year paddy field, the field is subjected to rotary tillage with a depth of 12-13 cm; and when the soda saline-alkaline paddy field to be treated is a three-year paddy field, the field is subjected to rotary tillage with a depth of 13-14 cm.

3. The method for improving paddy fields by stirring and discharging slurry according to claim 1, wherein in the step S103, the slurry is stirred with a pulling force of no less than 80 kilowatts (kw).

4. The method for improving paddy fields by stirring and discharging slurry according to claim 1, wherein the slurry is stirred by a driving slurry stirrer and a vibrating slurry lifter.

5. The method for improving paddy fields by stirring and discharging slurry according to claim 1, wherein in the steps S104 and S105, when the soda saline-alkaline paddy field to be treated is a newly-reclaimed paddy field, the total amount of sulfuric acid is 1.0 ton per hectare (t/hm.sup.2)-1.2 t/hm.sup.2; and, when the soda saline-alkaline paddy field to be treated is a two-year paddy field, the total amount of sulfuric acid is 0.8 t/hm.sup.2-1.0 t/hm.sup.2; and, when the soda saline-alkaline paddy field to be treated is a three-year paddy field, the total amount of sulfuric acid is 0.6 t/hm.sup.2-0.8 t/hm.sup.2.

6. The method for improving paddy fields by stirring and discharging slurry according to claim 1, wherein the water inlets in step S105 are arranged in a density of 4 to 6 inlets per hectare.

7. The method for improving paddy fields by stirring and discharging slurry according to claim 1, wherein the water outlets in step S105 are arranged in a density of 4 to 6 outlets per hectare.

8. The method for improving paddy fields by stirring and discharging slurry according to claim 1, wherein the water inlets and water outlets are arranged opposite to each other in a staggered manner.

9. An application of the method for improving paddy fields by stirring and discharging slurry according to claim 1 in improving saline-alkaline soils.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 shows a comparison of embodiments and comparative embodiments of the present disclosure in terms of yield, where newly-reclaimed field of control shows the yield of Comparative embodiment 1, newly-reclaimed field with stirring and discharging shows the yield of Embodiment 1, two-year field of control shows the yield of Comparative embodiment 2, and two-year field with stirring and discharging shows the yield of Embodiment 2.

(2) FIG. 2 is a process illustrating a method for improving soda saline-alkaline paddy fields by stirring and discharging slurry provided by the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

(3) The present disclosure is further explained with reference to the following specific embodiments, but it does not constitute any limitation on the present disclosure.

Embodiment 1

(4) The present embodiment is arranged with a newly-reclaimed experimental field in Dagangzi Town, Da'an City, Jilin Province, with a topsoil pH of 10.57, an electrical conductivity of 1.05 Siemens per centimeter (mS/cm), and an exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of 41 percent (%); the experimental field is improved according to a method for improving soda saline-alkaline paddy fields by stirring and discharging slurry provided by the present disclosure as shown in FIG. 2, including:

(5) S101: rotary tillage scarifying, where a soda saline-alkaline paddy field to be treated is scarified by rotary tillage with a depth of 11.5 cm;

(6) S102: irrigation and paddy field soaking, where the soda saline-alkaline paddy field treated in step S101 is irrigated with water and soaked for 5 days, followed by supplementing with water to a thickness of 9 cm before stirring;

(7) S103: slurry stirring, where the slurry of the soda saline-alkaline paddy field is stirred by a driving slurry stirrer in a counterclockwise direction with a pulling force of 100 kilowatts (kw);

(8) S104: slurry layering, where a container containing sulfuric acid of 30% by mass is mounted on a tractor, and the container is provided with a small hole to allow the sulfuric acid to continuously flow out of the container at a small flow rate; the tractor is started to stir the slurry so as to mix the sulfuric acid into the slurry, where soil powder particles in a suspended slurry layer precipitate rapidly, and soil clay particles remain in the slurry layer in a suspended state because of their smaller particles and stronger dispersibility; the stirring is carried out until most of the powder particles are precipitated and the suspended slurry layer is obviously reduced in terms of viscosity; the sulfuric acid used in this layering step is 75% of a total amount of sulfuric acid of this embodiment, and the total amount is 1.2 tons per hectare (t/hm.sup.2);

(9) S105: slurry discharging, where water inlets and water outlets of the paddy field are opened while performing stirring, so that water replenishment and drainage can be carried out at the same time, and the suspended slurry layer is discharged out of the paddy field by using clear water flow; the stirring of the tractor is continued and the sulfuric acid left is sprinkled into the paddy field, where aroused waves are utilized to promote the suspended slurry layer to be discharged from the paddy field, and the tractor is stopped working until the sulfuric acid is all sprinkled into the field; the water inlets are closed until 99% of the suspended slurry layer is discharged, and the water outlets are kept open until the water in the paddy field is completely drained; the water inlets are arranged in a density of 6 inlets per hectare, the water outlets are arranged in a density of 6 outlets per hectare, and the water inlets and the eater outlets are arranged opposite to each other in a staggered manner;

(10) S106: airing, where the field is naturally aired until the water in the paddy field is drained and no slurry sticks to shoes when adults walk normally; and

(11) S107: water storing, the field is watered until saturation with water of 1 cm 1 day before transplanting rice seedlings after the field is drained and naturally aired.

(12) In autumn, the field is measured in terms of yield; with improvement of stirring and discharging, the yield is measured to be 5,065 kilograms per hectare (kg/hm.sup.2).

Comparative Embodiment 1

(13) The present comparative embodiment is arranged with a newly-reclaimed experimental paddy field in Dagangzi Town, Da'an City, Jilin Province, with a topsoil pH of 10.57, an electrical conductivity of 1.05 mS/cm, and an ESP of 41%; the field is directly planted with rice without improvement of stirring and discharging; it is measured in terms of yield in autumn, with yield being only 402 kg/hm.sup.2.

Embodiment 2

(14) The present embodiment is arranged with a two-year experimental field in Dagangzi Town, Da'an City, Jilin Province, with rice planted directly in a previous year, a topsoil pH of 10.43, an electrical conductivity of 0.96 mS/cm, and an ESP of 37%; the experimental field is improved by stirring and discharging as follows:

(15) S101: rotary tillage scarifying, where a soda saline-alkaline paddy field to be treated is scarified by rotary tillage with a depth of 12.5 cm;

(16) S102: irrigation and paddy field soaking, where the soda saline-alkaline paddy field treated in step S101 is irrigated with water and soaked for 7 days, followed by supplementing with water to a thickness of 8 cm before stirring;

(17) S103: slurry stirring, where the slurry of the soda saline-alkaline paddy field is stirred by a driving slurry stirrer in a clockwise direction with a pulling force of 90 kw;

(18) S104: slurry layering, where a container containing sulfuric acid of 50% by mass is mounted on a tractor, and the container is provided with a small hole to allow the sulfuric acid to continuously flow out of the container at a small flow rate; the tractor is started to stir the slurry so as to mix the sulfuric acid into the slurry, where soil powder particles in a suspended slurry layer precipitate rapidly, and soil clay particles remain in the slurry layer in a suspended state because of their smaller particles and stronger dispersibility; the stirring is carried out until most of the powder particles are precipitated and the suspended slurry layer is obviously reduced in terms of viscosity; the sulfuric acid used in this layering step is 80% of a total amount of sulfuric acid of this embodiment, and the total amount is 1 t/hm.sup.2;

(19) S105: slurry discharging, where water inlets and water outlets of the paddy field are opened while performing stirring, so that water replenishment and drainage can be carried out at the same time, and the suspended slurry layer is discharged out of the paddy field by using clear water flow; the stirring of the tractor is continued and the sulfuric acid left is sprinkled into the paddy field, where aroused waves are utilized to promote the suspended slurry layer to be discharged from the paddy field, and the tractor is stopped working until the sulfuric acid is all sprinkled into the field; the water inlets are closed until 97% of the suspended slurry layer is discharged, and the water outlets are kept open until the water in the paddy field is completely drained; the water inlets are arranged in a density of 6 inlets per hectare, the water outlets are arranged in a density of 6 outlets per hectare, and the water inlets and the eater outlets are arranged opposite to each other in a staggered manner;

(20) S106 airing, where the field is naturally aired until the water in the paddy field is drained and no slurry sticks to shoes when adults walk normally; and

(21) S107: water storing, the field is watered until saturation with water of 1.5 cm 2 days before transplanting rice seedlings after the field is drained and naturally aired.

(22) The yield of the present embodiment is measured in autumn; with improvement of stirring and discharging, the yield of the two-year experimental field is measured to be 6,304 kg/hm.sup.2.

Comparative Embodiment 2

(23) The present comparative embodiment is arranged with a two-year experimental paddy field in Dagangzi Town, Da'an City, Jilin Province, with rice planted directly in a previous year, a topsoil pH of 10.43, an electrical conductivity of 0.96 mS/cm, and an ESP of 37%; the field is directly planted with rice without improvement of stirring and discharging; it is measured in terms of yield in autumn, with yield being only 2,042 kg/hm.sup.2. See FIG. 1 for a comparison of the yields of the embodiments and comparative embodiments of the present disclosure.

(24) Any numerical value mentioned in the present disclosure, if there is only an interval of two units between any lowest value and any highest value, includes all values increased by one unit each time from the lowest value to the highest value. For example, if it is stated that the amount of a component or the value of process variables such as temperature, pressure, time, etc., is 50-90, in this specification it means that the values of 51-89, 52-88 . . . , and 69-71 and 70-71 are specifically listed. For non-integer values, the unit of 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 or 0.0001 can be appropriately considered. These are just some specific examples. In this application, in a similar way, all possible combinations of numerical values between the lowest and highest values listed are considered to have been disclosed.

(25) It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only used to explain the present disclosure, and do not constitute any restrictions on the present disclosure. The disclosure has been described with reference to typical embodiments, but it should be understood that the words used therein are descriptive and explanatory words, not restrictive words. According to regulations, the disclosure can be modified within the scope of the claims of the disclosure, and the disclosure can be modified without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. Although the disclosure described herein relates to specific methods, materials and embodiments, it does not mean that the disclosure is limited to the specific embodiments disclosed therein. On the contrary, the disclosure can be extended to all other methods and applications with the same functions.