Heavy duty tire

Abstract

A heavy duty tire comprises a tread portion 2 divided into two crown land regions 6, two middle land regions 7 and two shoulder land regions 8 by a center circumferential groove 3 having a width Wc, two middle circumferential grooves 4 having a width Wm and two shoulder circumferential grooves 5 having a width Ws. The distance LA from the shoulder circumferential groove 5 to the tire equator Co is more than the distance LB from the shoulder circumferential groove 5 to the tread edge TE. The width Wc and width Wm are more than 3.0 mm and less than 6.0 mm. The width Ws is more than 5.0 mm, and more than the width Wc and more than the width Wm. The crown and middle land regions 6 and 7 are each formed as a rib. The shoulder land regions 8 are each formed as a row of shoulder blocks 13.

Claims

1. A heavy duty tire comprising: a tread portion provided with a center circumferential groove disposed on the tire equator, an axially outer shoulder circumferential groove disposed on each side of the tire equator, a middle circumferential groove disposed between the center circumferential groove and each of the shoulder circumferential grooves so that the tread portion is axially divided into two crown land regions between the middle circumferential grooves and the center circumferential groove, two middle land regions between the middle circumferential grooves and the shoulder circumferential grooves, and two shoulder land regions axially outside the shoulder circumferential grooves, wherein each of the crown land regions and the middle land regions is a circumferentially substantially continuously extending rib, each of the shoulder land regions is provided with shoulder axial grooves extending across the entire axial width of the shoulder land region and divided into shoulder blocks, on each side of the tire equator, an axial distance LA from the center line of the shoulder circumferential groove to the tire equator is more than an axial distance LB from the center line of the shoulder circumferential groove to the tread edge, a groove width Wc of the center circumferential groove is more than 4.0 mm and less than 6.0 mm, a groove width Wm of each of the middle circumferential grooves is more than 4.0 mm and less than 6.0 mm, a groove width Ws of each of the shoulder circumferential grooves is more than 5.0 mm, and more than the groove width Wc and the groove width Wm, wherein each of the shoulder blocks is provided with an auxiliary axial groove extending across the entire axial width of the shoulder block in parallel with the shoulder axial grooves, each of the crown land regions is provided with crown sipes extending across the entire axial width of the crown land region, and each of the middle land regions is provided with middle sipes extending across the entire axial width of the middle land region.

2. The heavy duty tire according to claim 1, wherein each of the center circumferential groove, the middle circumferential grooves and the shoulder circumferential grooves is a zigzag groove having a portion which has a certain constant width and extends linearly in the tire circumferential direction within the width of the zigzag groove.

3. The heavy duty tire according to claim 2, wherein an axially outer edge of each of the shoulder blocks is curved convexly toward the axially outside in the form of an arc.

4. The heavy duty tire according to claim 1, wherein each of the center circumferential groove and the shoulder circumferential grooves is a first zigzag groove made up of alternate first segments and second segments wherein the first segments are inclined with respect to the tire circumferential direction to one axial direction, and the second segments are inclined with respect to the tire circumferential direction to the opposite axial direction to the first groove segments, and each of the middle circumferential grooves is a second zigzag groove having linearly extending side walls provided with indentations staggered.

5. The heavy duty tire according to claim 4, wherein both ends of each of the crown sipes and the middle sipes are respectively connected to one of bent points of the first zigzag groove and one of the indentations of the second zigzag groove.

6. The heavy duty tire according to claim 5, wherein the crown sipes and the middle sipes are each inclined with respect to the tire axial direction at an angle of not more than 30 degrees, the crown sipes are inclined with respect to the tire axial direction to one circumferential direction, whereas the middle sipes are inclined with respect to the tire axial direction to the other circumferential direction opposite to the crown sipes, and of the ends of the crown sipes and the middle sipes, the ends positioned on both sides of each of the center and middle circumferential grooves and connected thereto are staggered.

7. The heavy duty tire according to claim 6, wherein the crown sipes and the middle sipes are bent in a crank shape.

8. The heavy duty tire according to claim 7, wherein each of the shoulder axial grooves and the auxiliary axial grooves is a bent groove composed of an axially inner portion inclined with respect to the tire axial direction and an axially outer portion extending in the tire axial direction.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a developed partial view of the tread portion of a heavy duty tire according to the present invention showing a tread pattern.

(2) FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing a part of FIG. 1.

(3) FIG. 3 is a tire meridian cross sectional view of a part of the tread portion.

(4) FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a shoulder block.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(5) An embodiment of the present invention will now be described in detail in conjunction with accompanying drawings.

(6) A heavy duty tire 1 as an embodiment of the present invention is a pneumatic tire comprising a tread portion 2 whose outer surface defines the tread, a pair of axially spaced bead portions mounted on rim seats, a pair of sidewall portions extending between the tread edges and the bead portions, a carcass extending between the bead portions through the tread portion and the sidewall portions, and a tread reinforcing belt disposed radially outside the carcass in the tread portion as well known in the art.

(7) As shown in FIG. 1, the tread portion 2 is provided with circumferentially continuously extending circumferential grooves which are a center circumferential groove 3 disposed on the tire equator Co, a middle circumferential groove 4 disposed on each side in the tire axial direction of the center circumferential groove 3, a shoulder circumferential groove 5 disposed axially outside each of the middle circumferential grooves 4.

(8) The tread portion 2 is therefore, axially divided into two crown land regions 6 between the middle circumferential grooves 4 and the center circumferential groove 3, two middle land regions 7 between the middle circumferential grooves 4 and the shoulder circumferential grooves 5, and two shoulder land regions 8 axially outside the respective shoulder circumferential grooves 5.

(9) In the tread or ground contacting area of the tread portion 2, a region between the shoulder circumferential grooves 5 is called crown region Yc, and a region axially outside each of the shoulder circumferential grooves 5 is called shoulder region Ys.

(10) In this embodiment, the center circumferential groove 3, the middle circumferential grooves 4 and the shoulder circumferential grooves 5 are each formed as a zigzag groove J in order to increase the axial component of the groove edges to improve the traction.

(11) Here, the zigzag groove J means:

(12) a first type zigzag groove J1 made up of alternate first segments and second segments wherein the first segments are inclined with respect to the tire circumferential direction to one axial direction, and the second segments are inclined with respect to the tire circumferential direction to the opposite axial direction to the first groove segments;

(13) a second type zigzag groove J2 having linearly extending side walls provided with indentations K staggered; and

(14) a third type zigzag groove J3 (not shown) made up of alternate first segments and second segments which are alternately smoothly curved in arc forms.

(15) The first type zigzag groove J1 is superior in the traction whereas the second type zigzag groove J2 is superior in the drainage.

(16) In this embodiment, the center circumferential groove 3 and the shoulder circumferential grooves 5 are the first type zigzag groove J1. The middle circumferential grooves 4 are the second type zigzag groove J2.

(17) As shown in FIG. 2, each of the zigzag grooves J or the circumferential grooves 3, 4 and 5 has a portion Hj, which is defined as having a certain constant width and extending linearly in the tire circumferential direction, within the width of the zigzag groove in order to provide good drainage performance.

(18) As shown in FIG. 2, the axial distance LA from the center line of each shoulder circumferential groove 5 to the tire equator Co is more than the axial distance LB from the center line of the same shoulder circumferential groove 5 to the tread edge TE.

(19) Here, in the case of a zigzag groove, the center line is the center line of the zigzag amplitude of the groove. In the case of a straight groove, the center line is the widthwise center line of the straight groove.

(20) The groove width Wc of the center circumferential groove 3 is set to be more than 3.0 mm and less than 6.0 mm.

(21) The groove width Wm of each of the middle circumferential grooves 4 is set to be more than 3.0 mm and less than 6.0 mm. The groove width Ws of each of the shoulder circumferential grooves 5 is set to be more than 5.0 mm, and more than the groove width Wc and the groove width Wm.

(22) By setting the axial widths LA and LB as LA>LB as explained above, the crown region Yc becomes wider than the shoulder region Ys and the prerequisite for increasing the tread pattern rigidity in the crown region Yc is upheld.

(23) Further, by setting the groove widths Wc and Wm of the circumferential grooves 3 and 4 disposed in the crown region Yc in a range between more than 3.0 mm and less than 6.0 mm, it becomes possible to form the crown land regions 6 and the middle land regions 7 as being wide while securing the drainage. Furthermore, the crown land regions 6 and the middle land regions 7 are formed as circumferentially continuously extending ribs.
By the combination of those actions, it is possible to increase the tread pattern rigidity in the crown region Yc to suppress the tread center wear while securing the drainage.

(24) If LALB, it becomes necessary to reduce the groove widths Wc and Wm in order to increase the tread pattern rigidity in the crown region Yc, therefore, the drainage is deteriorated. Alternatively, it becomes impossible to sufficiently increase the tread pattern rigidity in the crown region Yc.

(25) Based on this standpoint, the ratio LA/LB is preferably not less than 1.10, more preferably not less than 1.20.

(26) If LA/LB is too large, the tread pattern rigidity in the shoulder regions Ys is decreased, and the steering stability is deteriorated.

(27) Based on this standpoint, the LA/LB is preferably not more than 1.40, more preferably not more than 1.30.

(28) If the groove widths Wc and Wm are less than 3.0 mm, the drainage becomes insufficient.

(29) If the groove widths Wc and Wm are more than 6.0 mm, the improving of the tread center wear becomes insufficient although the drainage is improved.

(30) If the groove width Ws is less than 5.0 mm and less than the groove widths Wc and Wm, the drainage becomes insufficient although the tread center wear is improved.

(31) The groove depths DG of the center circumferential groove J, the middle circumferential grooves 4 and the shoulder circumferential grooves 5 are preferably set in a range from 15 to 18 mm.

(32) In this embodiment, each of the crown land regions 6 is provided with crown sipes 10 extending across the entire width of the crown land region 6.

(33) Further, each of the middle land regions 7 is provided with middle sipes 11 extending across the entire width of the middle land region 7.

(34) The crown sipes 10 and middle sipes 11 are closed when in the ground contact patch, and the tread pattern rigidity is maintained. Further, the crown sipes 10 and middle sipes 11 improve the wet performance since the sipes' edges can break through a water film covering the road surface, and at the same time, the sipes can absorb the water on the road surface.

(35) The crown sipes 10 and the middle sipes 11 are each inclined with respect to the tire axial direction at an angle of not more than 30 degrees for example.

(36) On each side of the tire equator, the crown sipes 10 are inclined with respect to the tire axial direction to one circumferential direction, whereas the middle sipes 11 are inclined with respect to the tire axial direction to the other circumferential direction opposite to the crown sipes 10.

(37) The crown sipes 10 on both sides of the tire equator are inclined in the same direction.

(38) Of the ends of the center and middle sipes 10 and 11, the ends positioned on both sides of each of the circumferential grooves 3 and 4 and connected thereto are staggered in order to uniform the rigidity of the crown region Yc.

(39) Further, the ends of the center and middle sipes 10 and 11 are respectively connected to the bent points of the first type zigzag groove J1 and the indentations K of the second type zigzag groove J2 as shown in FIG. 1.

(40) Each of the shoulder land regions 8 is provided with shoulder axial grooves 12 extending across the entire width of the shoulder land region 8 so that the shoulder land region 8 is circumferentially divided into shoulder blocks 13 in a row.

(41) As shown in FIG. 3, from a viewpoint of the groove depth, each of the shoulder axial grooves 12 is composed of

(42) a main portion 12A having a constant groove depth D12 and extending over at least 70% of the axial width W8 of the shoulder land region 8 from the shoulder circumferential groove 5, and

(43) an axially outer end portion 12B extending from the main portion 12A while increasing the depth to open at the buttress surface Bs or the outer surface of the radially outermost part of the tire sidewall.

(44) The groove depth D12 of the main portion 12A is less than the groove depth DG of the shoulder circumferential groove 5, preferably not more than 50%, more preferably not more than 30% of the groove depth DG.

(45) Such shallow shoulder axial grooves 12 can maintain the rigidity of the shoulder blocks 13, and the tread pattern rigidity is balanced between the crown region Yc and the shoulder regions Ys.

(46) In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the axially outer edge 13E of each of the shoulder blocks 13 is curved convexly toward the axially outside in the form of an arc in order to improve the wandering performance of the tire. Incidentally, the tread edge TE is positioned at the axially outermost point P of the outer edge 13E as defined as above.

(47) In this embodiment, in order to further improve the wandering performance, the axially outer surface 15 of each shoulder block 13 extending radially inwardly from the outer edge 13E to the above-mentioned buttress surface BS is formed as a part of a conic surface inclined to the axially outside.

(48) The shoulder blocks 13 are each provided with an auxiliary axial groove 16 extending parallel with the shoulder axial grooves 12 on both sides of the shoulder block, and having a width narrower than the shoulder axial grooves 12.

(49) The auxiliary axial groove 16 extends across the entire width of the shoulder block 13 and has a constant groove depth D16 along the entire length thereof.

(50) The groove depth D16 is not more than the above-mentioned groove depth D12 of the main portion 12A of the shoulder axial groove 12.

(51) The auxiliary axial grooves 16 improve the drainage and traction performance while maintaining the rigidity of the shoulder blocks 13.

(52) In this embodiment, each of the shoulder axial grooves 12 and the auxiliary axial groove 16 is a bent groove as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, although those in FIG. 4 are illustrated as straight grooves for the sake of simplicity.

(53) Nevertheless, it may be possible to form the shoulder axial grooves 12 and the auxiliary axial groove 16 as straight grooves as shown in FIG. 4.

(54) While detailed description has been made of an especially preferable embodiment of the present invention, the present invention can be embodied in various forms without being limited to the illustrated embodiment.

(55) Comparison Tests

(56) Based on the tread pattern shown in FIG. 1, pneumatic tires of size 315/80R22.5 (rim size 22.59.00) for heavy duty vehicles were experimentally manufactured as test tires (Embodiment tires Ex. 1-Ex. 4 and Comparative tires Ref. 1-Ref. 7) and tested for the resistance to tread center wear and wet performance.

(57) In the comparative tire Ref. 2, a groove width of 2 mm (outside the range for the sipes) was given to the crown sipes and the middle sipes, in other words, those sipes were formed as narrow grooves.

(58) Other than the specifications listed in Table 1, the test tires had the same specifications.

(59) Common specifications are as follows:

(60) Center circumferential groove depth DG: 17.0 mm

(61) Middle circumferential groove depth DG: 17.0 mm

(62) Shoulder circumferential groove depth DG: 17.0 mm

(63) Shoulder axial groove depth D12: 4.0 mm

(64) Auxiliary axial groove depth D16: 4.0 mm

(65) Tread width: 280 mm

(66) <Resistance to Tread Center Wear>

(67) The test was conducted using a 10-ton truck provided on all wheels with test tires inflated to 830 kPa and loaded with 50% of the load capacity on a front part of the rear deck. After running for 40000 km, the drive axle tires were measured to obtain (1) an average value of the amounts of wear at the positions of the center circumferential groove and middle circumferential grooves, and (2) an average value of the amounts of wear at the positions of the axially outer side walls of the respective shoulder circumferential grooves. Then, the difference between the average values (1) and (2) was calculated. The difference is indicated in Table 1 by an index based on Embodiment tire Ex. 1 being 100, wherein the larger the value, the higher the resistance to tread center wear. If the index value is under 90, the resistance to tread center wear is considered as not good.

(68) <Wet Performance>

(69) The test was conducted similarly using a 10-ton truck provided on all wheels with test tires (tire pressure 830 kPa) and loaded with 50% of the load capacity on a front part of the rear deck, but the tread portions of the test tires were worn 75%. On an asphalt road surface covered with 5 mm depth water, the truck was started under such a condition that the transmission was fixed to the second gear and the rotating speed of the engine was fixed to 1500 rpm, and the time required to run for 10 meters was measured immediately after the clutch was engaged. The reciprocal of the time is indicated in Table 1 by an index based on Embodiment tire Ex. 1 being 100, wherein the larger the value, the better the wet performance. If the index value is under 90, the wet performance is considered as not good.

(70) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Tire Ref. 1 Ref. 2 Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ref. 3 Ref. 4 Ref. 5 Ref. 6 Ref. 7 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 crown region width 50 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 74 82 LA(mm) shoulder region width 90 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 66 58 LB (mm) LA/LB 0.56 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.10 1.40 center circumferential 4 4 4 5 2 3 6 8 4 4 4 groove width Wc (mm) middle circumferential 4 4 4 5 2 3 6 8 4 4 4 groove width Wm (mm) shoulder circumferential 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 5 10 10 groove width Ws (mm) tread center wear 80 75 100 95 115 110 85 75 100 100 120 resistance wet performance 100 115 100 105 75 85 110 115 80 100 90 Total 180 190 200 200 190 195 195 190 180 200 210

(71) From the test results, it was confirmed that the tires according to the present invention can be improved in the resistance to the tread center wear while securing the wet performance.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

(72) 1 heavy duty tire 2 tread portion 3 center circumferential groove 4 middle circumferential groove 5 shoulder circumferential groove 6 crown land region 7 middle land region 8 shoulder land region 10 crown sipe 11 middle sipe 12 shoulder axial groove 13 shoulder block 13E axially outer edge TE tread edge