Apparatus for producing microporous plastic film

Abstract

An apparatus for producing a microporous plastic film comprising a pair of vertical columns; a pair of stationary frames each fixed to each vertical column such that they are positioned inside the vertical columns; a pair of movable frames rotatable under the stationary frames; a pattern roll rotatably supported by the stationary frames at a fixed position; an anvil roll movable up and down along first vertical guide rails of the stationary frames; and a lower backup roll movable up and down along second vertical guide rails of the movable frames; the pattern roll being in parallel with the anvil roll; the first and second vertical guide rails being distant from the vertical columns on one side, such that rotating movable frames and lower backup roll do not come into contact with the vertical columns; with the lower backup roll inclined to the anvil roll in a horizontal plane, large numbers of fine pores being formed on the plastic film by the high-hardness, fine particles of the pattern roll.

Claims

1. An apparatus for producing a microporous plastic film comprising a pair of laterally arranged vertical columns; a pair of laterally arranged stationary frames each fixed to each vertical column such that they are positioned inside said vertical columns; first vertical guide rails each attached to a one-side surface of each of said stationary frames; a pair of laterally arranged movable frames rotatable under said stationary frames; a pattern roll having a plurality of high-hardness, fine particles at random on a rolling surface and rotatably supported by said stationary frames at a fixed position; an anvil roll movable up and down along said first vertical guide rails under said pattern roll; second vertical guide rails each attached to a one-side surface of each of said movable frames; a lower backup roll movable up and down along said second vertical guide rails to push said anvil roll from below; rolls for passing said plastic film through a gap between said pattern roll and said anvil roll; a first motor for rotating said movable frames; and second motor each mounted to each of said movable frames to move said lower backup roll up and down; said pattern roll being in parallel with said anvil roll; said first and second vertical guide rails being distant from said vertical columns on one side, such that said movable frames and said lower backup roll do not come into contact with said vertical columns when they are rotated; and with said anvil roll elevated by the pressing of said lower backup roll, and said lower backup roll inclined to said anvil roll in a horizontal plane by the operation of said first motor, said plastic film passing through a gap between said pattern roll and said anvil roll, so that pluralities of fine pores are formed in said plastic film by said high-hardness, fine particles.

2. The apparatus for producing a microporous plastic film according to claim 1, wherein a pair of said movable frames are rotated by said first motor along a pair of laterally arranged, horizontal, circularly curved guide rails.

3. The apparatus for producing a microporous plastic film according to claim 2, wherein movable plates, to which said movable frames are fixed, are fixed to both ends of a horizontal plate connected to said first motor; and each of said circularly curved guide rails engages a guide groove on a bottom surface of each of said movable plates.

4. The apparatus for producing a microporous plastic film according to claim 1, wherein said apparatus further comprises a third motor for simultaneously rotating said pattern roll and said anvil roll; and a fourth motor for rotating said lower backup roll.

5. The apparatus for producing a microporous plastic film according to claim 1, wherein said apparatus further comprises a sensor disposed downstream of the gap between said first roll and said second roll for observing the characteristics of fine pores in the resultant microporous plastic film; and a controller receiving an output signal of said sensor for generating a signal for adjusting the horizontal inclination angle of said lower backup roll to said anvil roll, to obtain desired characteristics of fine pores.

6. The apparatus for producing a microporous plastic film according to claim 5, wherein the formation of fine pores in said plastic film is started in a state where the horizontal inclination angle of said lower backup roll to said anvil roll is 0, and said first motor is then operated according to signals output from said sensor.

7. The apparatus for producing a microporous plastic film according to claim 1, wherein said high-hardness, fine particles of said pattern roll have sharp edges and Mohs hardness of 5 or more, and the area ratio of said high-hardness, fine particles on a rolling surface of said pattern roll is 10-70%.

8. The apparatus for producing a microporous plastic film according to claim 1, wherein said apparatus further comprises an upper backup roll for pressing said pattern roll downward.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a lower backup roll inclined to a pattern roll and an anvil roll.

(2) FIG. 2(a) is a front view showing the apparatus of the present invention for producing a microporous plastic film, with rolls opened.

(3) FIG. 2(b) is a front view showing the apparatus of the present invention for producing a microporous plastic film, with rolls closed.

(4) FIG. 3 is a front view showing the frame structure of the apparatus of the present invention for producing a microporous plastic film.

(5) FIG. 4 is a rear view showing the frame structure of the apparatus of the present invention for producing a microporous plastic film.

(6) FIG. 5(a) is a partially omitted plan view showing the frame structure of the apparatus of the present invention for producing a microporous plastic film.

(7) FIG. 5(b) is a partially omitted, exploded plan view showing the frame structure of the apparatus of the present invention for producing a microporous plastic film.

(8) FIG. 5(c) is a plan view showing the arrangement of an anvil roll in the apparatus of the present invention for producing a microporous plastic film.

(9) FIG. 6 is a right side view showing the apparatus of the present invention for producing a microporous plastic film.

(10) FIG. 7 is a plan view showing circularly curved guide rails fixed to a base.

(11) FIG. 8 is a partially omitted plan view showing the relation between circularly curved guide rails and a pair of laterally arranged movable frames.

(12) FIG. 9 is an exploded side view showing the structure of a movable frame movable along the circularly curved guide rail.

(13) FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the formation of fine pores in a plastic film by a pattern roll and an anvil roll.

(14) FIG. 11(a) is an enlarged front view showing gears in a third driving means.

(15) FIG. 11(b) is an enlarged side view showing gears in a third driving means.

(16) FIG. 12(a) is a plan view showing the relation between a pair of laterally arranged movable frames and a pair of circularly curved guide rails when the lower backup roll is in parallel with the anvil roll.

(17) FIG. 12(b) is a plan view showing the relation between a pair of laterally arranged movable frames and a pair of circularly curved guide rails when the lower backup roll is counterclockwise inclined to the anvil roll in a horizontal plane.

(18) FIG. 12(c) is a plan view showing the relation between a pair of laterally arranged movable frames and a pair of circularly curved guide rails when the lower backup roll is clockwise inclined to the anvil roll in a horizontal plane.

(19) FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view exaggeratingly showing the bending of a pattern roll and an anvil roll arranged in parallel when fine pores are formed in a plastic film.

(20) FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing backup rolls added to a pattern roll and an anvil roll mutually inclined to each other to roll a steel sheet.

(21) FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a rolling mill described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,839,313.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(22) The embodiments of the present invention will be explained in detail below referring to the attached drawings. Explanations of each embodiment are applicable to other embodiments unless otherwise mentioned. Explanations below are not restrictive, but various modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention.

(23) [1] Structure of Apparatus for Producing Microporous Plastic Film

(24) As shown in FIGS. 2(a), 2(b) and 3-6, the apparatus for producing a microporous plastic film according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises

(25) a pair of laterally arranged vertical columns 111, 111 fixed to a base 60;

(26) a pair of laterally arranged stationary frames 40, 40 each fixed to an upper portion of each vertical column 111, 111, such that they are positioned inside the vertical columns 111, 111;

(27) first vertical guide rails 45, 45 each attached to a one-side surface of each of the stationary frames 40, 40;

(28) a pair of laterally arranged movable frames 50, 50 rotatable under the stationary frames 40, 40;

(29) a pattern roll 10 having large numbers (pluralities) of high-hardness, fine particles at random on a rolling surface to form fine pores in a plastic film F, and rotatably supported by the stationary frames 40, 40 at a fixed position;

(30) an anvil roll 20 movable up and down along the first vertical guide rails 45, 45 under the pattern roll 10;

(31) second vertical guide rails 54, 54 each attached to a one-side surface of each of the movable frames 50, 50;

(32) a lower backup roll 30 movable up and down along the second vertical guide rails 54, 54 to push the anvil roll 20 from below;

(33) conveying means (guide roll) 140a, 140b for passing a plastic film F through a gap between the pattern roll 10 and the anvil roll 20;

(34) a first driving means 70 fixed to an upper surface of the base 60 to rotate the movable frames 50, 50;

(35) second driving means 80, 80 each mounted to each of the movable frames 50, 50 to move the lower backup roll 30 up and down;

(36) a third driving means 90 for simultaneously rotating the pattern roll 10 and the anvil roll 20; and

(37) a fourth driving means 100 for rotating the lower backup roll 30;

(38) the pattern roll 10 and the anvil roll 20 being in parallel with each other;

(39) the first and second vertical guide rails 45, 45, 54, 54 being distant from the vertical columns 111, 111 on one side, such that the movable frames 50, 50, the lower backup roll 30 and the fourth driving means 100 do not come into contact with the vertical columns when they are rotated; and

(40) with the anvil roll 10 elevated by the pressing of the lower backup roll 30, and the lower backup roll 30 inclined to the anvil roll 20 in a horizontal plane by the operation of the first driving means 70, the plastic film F passing through a gap between the pattern roll 10 and the anvil roll 20, so that large numbers (pluralities) of fine pores are formed in the plastic film F by the high-hardness, fine particles of the pattern roll 10.

(41) The apparatus of the present invention for producing a microporous plastic film further comprises a first reel 151 around which a plastic film F is wound; a second reel 152 for winding a formed microporous plastic film Fa; and pluralities of guide rolls and nip rolls for guiding the plastic film F and the microporous plastic film Fa.

(42) (1) Vertical Column

(43) As shown in FIGS. 5(a) to 5(c), a pair of vertical columns 111, 111 are fixed to a base 60, and each vertical column 111 is provided with at least one planar projection 112 on a one-side surface [front surface (on the upstream side of the flow of a plastic film F) in the depicted example]. Planar brackets 113, 113 are fixed to inside surfaces (opposing surfaces) of the vertical columns 111, 111 and the planar projections 112, 112. With respect to the direction of the plastic film F passing through the gap between the pattern roll 10 and the anvil roll 20, one-side is exemplified as upstream side for simplicity, with upstream-side surface as front surface, and downstream-side surface as rear surface, in explanations below without intention of restriction. Accordingly, the planar bracket 113 is projecting forward from the upstream-side surface of each vertical column 111.

(44) (2) Stationary Frame

(45) As shown in FIGS. 3-5, the planar bracket 113 fixed to the inside surface 111a of each of the vertical columns 111, 111 is fixed by bolts, etc. to a fixing plate 41 of each stationary frame 40. Because the planar brackets 113, 113 project forward from the upstream-side surfaces of the vertical columns 111, 111, the upstream-side surfaces (front surfaces) of the stationary frames 40, 40 fixed to the planar brackets 113, 113 are positioned forward from the upstream-side surfaces (front surfaces) of the vertical columns 111, 111 by a sufficient distance.

(46) A horizontal beam 120 is fixed to upper portions of a pair of stationary frames 40, 40 to reinforce the stationary frames 40, 40 with their constant distance. As shown in FIG. 3, with each bearing 11 of the pattern roll 10 supported by each stationary frame 40 at a fixed position, the pattern roll 10 rotates at a predetermined position without moving up and down with respect to the stationary frames 40, 40.

(47) An upper vertical guide rail 44 and a lower vertical guide rail (first vertical guide rail) 45 are fixed to a front surface of each stationary frame 40 in vertical alignment above and under the pattern roll 10. Because the front surface of each stationary frame 40 is positioned forward from the front surface of each vertical column 111, both vertical guide rails 44, 45 are also positioned forward from the front surfaces of both vertical columns 111, 111.

(48) (3) Movable Frame

(49) As shown in FIG. 3, each movable frame 50 fixed to an upper surface of each movable plate 55 is positioned under each stationary frame 40. A second vertical guide rail 54 vertically aligned with the first vertical guide rail 45 is fixed to a front surface of each movable frame 50.

(50) As shown in FIGS. 2-4 and 9, a guide block 57 having a guide groove 57a slidably engaging each circularly curved guide rail 62 is fixed by bolts to a bottom surface of each movable plate 55. Though each movable plate 55 is provided with a pair of guide blocks 57, 57 in the depicted example, the number of guide blocks 57 is not restricted. Each movable frame 50 is fixed to each movable plate 55, and both movable plates 55, 55 are fixed to both ends of the horizontal plate 56 connected to the first driving means 70.

(51) As shown in FIGS. 2(a), 5(a) and 8, a pair of laterally arranged flat plates 61, 61 are fixed to an upper surface of the base 60, and the circularly curved guide rail 62 is fixed to each flat plate 61. When the guide blocks 57, 57 of a pair of movable plates 55, 55 move along the circularly curved guide rails 62, 62, the movable plates 55, 55 laterally rotate around a center O of the first driving means 70.

(52) (4) Pattern Roll

(53) As shown in FIG. 10, the pattern roll 10 preferably comprises large numbers (pluralities) of high-hardness, fine particles 10b randomly fixed to a rolling surface of a metal roll body 10a by a plating layer 10c such as nickel plating, etc. Specific examples of such pattern roll 10 are described in, for example, JP 5-131557 A, JP 9-57860 A, and JP 2002-59487 A.

(54) The high-hardness, fine particles 10b preferably have sharp edges (corners), and Mohs hardness of 5 or more. The high-hardness, fine particles 10b are preferably fine diamond particles, particularly pulverized fine diamond particles.

(55) The high-hardness, fine particles 10b preferably have a particle size distribution in a range of 10-500 m, depending on the characteristics (opening diameters, depths, areal density, etc.) of fine pores formed. When the particle sizes of the high-hardness, fine particles 10b are less than 10 m, fine pores are not formed sufficiently in the plastic film F. On the other hand, when the particle sizes of the high-hardness, fine particles 10b are more than 500 m, too large fine pores are formed in the plastic film F. The lower limit of the particle sizes of the high-hardness, fine particles 10b is more preferably 20 m, most preferably 30 m. The upper limit of the particle sizes of the high-hardness, fine particles 10b is more preferably 400 m, most preferably 300 m.

(56) Because the high-hardness, fine particles 10b attached to a rolling surface of the pattern roll 10 have different particle size distributions, depending on (i) the material and thickness of the plastic film F used, and (ii) the opening diameters, depths, areal density, etc. of fine pores formed, the particle size distribution of the high-hardness, fine particles 10b is preferably selected within the above range.

(57) The high-hardness, fine particles 10b preferably have aspect ratios of 3 or less. With the aspect ratios of 3 or less, the high-hardness, fine particles 10b have polygonal shapes close to spheres. The aspect ratios of the high-hardness, fine particles 10b are more preferably 2 or less, most preferably 1.5 or less.

(58) With about to about of the high-hardness, fine particles 10b embedded in the plating layer 10c, the height distribution of the high-hardness, fine particles 10b projecting from a surface of the plating layer 10c is preferably in a range of 10-400 m. When the projecting height of the high-hardness, fine particles 10b is less than 10 m, sufficient fine pores are not formed. On the other hand, when the projecting height of the high-hardness, fine particles 10b is more than 400 m, too large fine pores are formed in the plastic film F. The lower limit of the projecting height distribution of the high-hardness, fine particles 10b is more preferably 20 m, most preferably 30 m. The upper limit of the projecting height distribution of the high-hardness, fine particles 10b is more preferably 300 m, most preferably 200 m.

(59) The area ratio of the high-hardness, fine particles 10b on a rolling surface of the pattern roll 10 (a surface percentage of the pattern roll 10 occupied by the high-hardness, fine particles 10b) is preferably 10-70%. When the area ratio of the high-hardness, fine particles 10b is less than 10%, fine pores cannot be formed at a sufficient density in the plastic film F. On the other hand, the fixing of the high-hardness, fine particles 10b to the rolling surface of the pattern roll 10 at an area ratio of more than 70% is practically difficult. The area ratio of the high-hardness, fine particles 10b is more preferably 20% in lower limit, and 60% in upper limit.

(60) To prevent the pattern roll 10 from being bent while forming fine pores in the plastic film F, a roll body 10a of the pattern roll 10 is preferably made of a hard metal. The hard metal may be die steel such as SKD11.

(61) The plastic film F can be provided with penetrating fine pores and/or unpenetrating fine pores. When only unpenetrating fine pores are forming in the plastic film F, the high-hardness, fine particles 10b projecting from a surface (rolling surface) of the plating layer 10c should have such average height and maximum height as to form unpenetrating fine pores having an average depth Dav corresponding to 30-80% of the thickness of the plastic film F and the maximum depth Dmax corresponding to 90% or less in the plastic film F. The average height of high-hardness, fine particles 10b projecting from the rolling surface is preferably 30-80%, more preferably 35-70%, most preferably 40-60%, of the thickness of the plastic film F. The maximum height of high-hardness, fine particles 10b projecting from the rolling surface is preferably 90% or less, more preferably 85% or less, most preferably 80% or less, of the thickness of the plastic film F. The average particle size of high-hardness, fine particles 10b on the rolling surface of the pattern roll 10 is preferably 20-100 m, more preferably 25-80 m, most preferably 30-60 m.

(62) (5) Anvil Roll

(63) In order that the anvil roll 20 to be combined with the pattern roll 10 enables the high-hardness, fine particles 10b of the pattern roll 10 to sufficiently intrude a plastic film F, while exhibiting sufficient deformation resistance to a perforating load, the anvil roll 20 is preferably made of a high-strength, hard metal, particularly a high-strength, corrosion-resistant stainless steel (SUS440C, SUS304, etc.). Also, the anvil roll 20 may have a two-layer structure comprising an inner layer of a hard metal such as die steel, and an outer layer of high-strength, corrosion-resistant stainless steel such as SUS304. The thickness of the outer layer may be practically about 20-60 mm.

(64) As shown in FIGS. 5(c) and 6, a guide member 22 engaging the first (lower) vertical guide rail 45 of each stationary frame 40 is fixed to a rear surface of each bearing 21 of the anvil roll 20. As described below, the anvil roll 20 can move up and down along the first vertical guide rails 45, 45, by the vertical movement of the lower backup roll 30.

(65) (6) Lower Backup Roll

(66) Because guide members 32, 32 fixed to rear surfaces of a pair of bearings 31, 31 of the lower backup roll 30 engage the second vertical guide rails 54, 54 fixed to front surfaces of the movable frames 50, 50 as shown in FIGS. 2(a), 3 and 5(c), the lower backup roll 30 is movable up and down along the second vertical guide rails 54, 54 of the movable frames 50, 50. Because the lower backup roll 30 is positioned just under the anvil roll 20, the anvil roll 20 is pressed to the pattern roll 10 from below when the lower backup roll 30 is elevated.

(67) (7) First Driving Means

(68) The first driving means 70 connected to the horizontal plate 56 comprises a motor 71, a reduction gear 73 connected to a shaft 72 of the motor 71, a frame 74 supporting the reduction gear 73, and a connector plate 75 fixed to the shaft 72. The frame 74 is fixed to a flat plate 77 on the base 60. The connector plate 75 is fixed to the horizontal plate 56 by bolts 76. As shown in FIG. 7, the frame 74 supporting the first driving means 70 is fixed to the flat plate 77 in a center portion of the base 60.

(69) (8) Second Driving Means

(70) Each second driving means 80 is fixed to a bracket 51 of each movable frame 50. Each second driving means 80 comprises a gear box 81 supported by the bracket 51 fixed to the movable frame 50, a motor 83 connected to the gear box 81 via a reduction gear 82, a screw jack 84 attached to the gear box 81, and a mail screw member 85 projecting from the screw jack 84. Each bearing 31 of the lower backup roll 30 is supported by the mail screw member 85 of the screw jack 84 via a buffer 86. The buffer 86 comprises a resilient member such as a coil spring, and a load sensor, to prevent the bearing 31 of the lower backup roll 30 from receiving excessive shock. As shown in FIG. 6, with the guide members 32, 32 slidably engaging the second vertical guide rails 44, 44 of the movable frames 50, 50, the bearings 31, 31 of the lower backup roll 30 moves up and down along the second vertical guide rails 54, 54 of the movable frames 50, 50, by the operation of the second driving means 80.

(71) (9) Third Driving Means

(72) As shown in FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b), the third driving means 90 for rotating the pattern roll 10 and the anvil roll 20 simultaneously comprises a motor 91, a reduction gear 92 connected to the motor 91, and a coupling device 94 connected to a first rotation shaft 93a of the reduction gear 92. The first rotation shaft 93a is connected to one bearing 11 of the pattern roll 10.

(73) As shown in FIG. 11(a), a first gear 95a fixed to the first rotation shaft 93a engages a second gear 95b fixed to a second rotation shaft 93b via a chain 96, and a third gear 95c fixed to the second rotation shaft 93b engages a fourth gear 95d fixed to a third rotation shaft 93c connected to one bearing 21 of the anvil roll 20. Accordingly, the first gear 95a and the fourth gear 95d rotate in opposite directions. As shown in FIG. 11(b), because the chain 96 engages a fifth gear 95e, which is always pressed by a spring (not shown) to draw the chain 96, the chain 96 is not slacken even when the distance between the first rotation shaft 93a and the second rotation shaft 93b changes depending on the gap between the pattern roll 10 and the anvil roll 20, so that the power of the motor 91 can be transmitted to both of the pattern roll 10 and the anvil roll 20.

(74) Because the first gear 95a and the fourth gear 95d have the same number of teeth, and because the second gear 95b and the third gear 95c have the same number of teeth, the pattern roll 10 connected to the first gear 95a and the anvil roll 20 connected to the fourth gear 95d rotate at the same rotation speed in opposite directions.

(75) (10) Fourth Driving Means

(76) As shown in FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b), the fourth driving means 100 for rotating the lower backup roll 30 comprises a motor 101 and a reduction gear 102, whose rotation shaft is fixed to one bearing 31 of the lower backup roll 30. Because the lower backup roll 30 is driven independently from the pattern roll 10 and the anvil roll 20, it is easy to horizontally rotate the movable frames 50, 50 supporting the lower backup roll 30 movably up and down.

(77) (11) Sensor

(78) A sensor 145 is preferably disposed downstream of the gap G between the pattern roll 10 and the anvil roll 20, to observe the characteristics (opening diameters, depths, areal density, etc.) of fine pores in a microporous plastic film Fa exiting from the gap G. The apparatus of the present invention also comprises a controller (not shown), to which an output signal of the sensor 145 is input. According to the output signal of the sensor 145, the controller generates a signal for adjusting the gap G between the pattern roll 10 and the anvil roll 20, and a signal for adjusting the horizontal inclination angle of the lower backup roll 30 to the anvil roll 20, to obtain a desired characteristics of fine pores.

(79) (12) Upper Backup Roll

(80) As shown in FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b), the apparatus of the present invention may comprise a upper backup roll 160 above the pattern roll 10, to reduce the bending of the pattern roll 10 when forming fine pores. The backup roll 160 coming into contact with the pattern roll 10 is preferably a roll having a relatively elastic rolling surface, such as a rubber roll, etc. As shown in FIG. 6, with a guide member 162 fixed to a rear surface of each bearing 161 of the backup roll 160, and with each guide member 162 engaging the upper vertical guide rail 44 of each stationary frame 40, the backup roll 160 is movable up and down along the upper vertical guide rails 44, 44.

(81) Both bearings 161, 161 of the backup roll 160 are driven by a pair of fifth driving means 170, 170 fixed to the brackets 46, 46 of a pair of the stationary frames 40, 40. Each fifth driving means 170 comprises a motor 171, a reduction gear 172 connected to the motor 171, a screw jack 173 mounted to a bracket 46 of the stationary frame 40 and connected to the reduction gear 172, a mail screw member 174 projecting from the screw jack 173, and a buffer 175 mounted to a lower end of the mail screw member 174. The buffer 175 comprises a resilient member such as a coil spring, and a load sensor, to prevent excessive shock from being applied to the bearing 161 of the backup roll 160.

(82) As shown in FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b), when the mail screw members 174, 174 of the screw jacks 173, 173 are lowered by the operation of the motors 171, 171, the bearings 161, 161 of the backup roll 160 are pushed downward via the buffers 175, 175. As a result, the backup roll 160 pushes the pattern roll 10 downward to reduce the bending of the pattern roll 10 during forming pores. With the bending of the pattern roll 10 reduced, a relative inclination angle between the anvil roll 20 and the lower backup roll 30 can be made smaller, shortening a time period necessary for adjusting the inclination angle .

(83) [2] Production of Microporous Plastic Film

(84) (1) Plastic Film

(85) A plastic film F, in which fine pores are formed by the apparatus of the present invention, should have softness enabling the formation of fine pores by the high-hardness, fine particles 10b of the pattern roll 10, and such high strength and hardness as to avoid troubles such as rupture, etc. when forming fine pores. Such plastics are preferably flexible thermoplastic polymers, which include polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), etc.; polyolefins such as oriented polypropylene (OPP), etc.; polyamides such as nylons (Ny), etc.; polyvinyl chloride; polyvinylidene chloride; polystyrenes; etc.

(86) The plastic film F, in which penetrating or unpenetrating fine pores are formed, preferably has thickness in a range of 8-100 m. When the thickness of the plastic film F is less than 8 m, it does not have sufficient strength when fine pores are formed. On the other hand, when the thickness of the plastic film F is more than 100 m, it is too hard for a wrapping film. The thickness of the plastic film F is more preferably 10-80 m, most preferably 12-60 m.

(87) The plastic film F may be a single-layer film or a laminate film. Particularly when heat sealing is conducted, the plastic film F is preferably a laminate film having a sealant layer of a low-melting-point resin such as LLDPE and EVAc as an inner layer. The sealant layer may be as thick as about 20-60 m. When only unpenetrating pores are formed, the sealant layer may be laminated after unpenetrating pores are formed in the plastic film F.

(88) (2) Forming Pores in Plastic Film

(89) When the lower backup roll 30 at a downward position is in parallel with the anvil roll 20 (the horizontal inclination angle of the lower backup roll 30 to the anvil roll 20 is 0), a plastic film F is unwound from the first reel 151, passes through a large gap G between the pattern roll 10 and the anvil roll 20, the guide roll 140, and pluralities of guide rolls and nip rolls, and is wound up by the second reel 152, while operating the third driving means 90 to rotate the pattern roll 10 and the anvil roll 20.

(90) When the second driving means 80, 80 are operated, the lower backup roll 30 is moved upward to push the anvil roll 20 upward. The plastic film F gradually comes into contact with the pattern roll 10 and the anvil roll 20 in the gap G, thereby being pressed by them.

(91) When the first driving means 70 is operated (rotated) around the center axis O, a pair of movable plates 55, 55 connected to the horizontal plate 56 are laterally rotated along the circularly curved guide rails 62, 62, so that the lower backup roll 30, whose bearings 31, 31 are supported movably up and down by the movable frames 50, 50 supported by the movable plates 55, 55, is inclined in a horizontal plane from a state parallel to the anvil roll 20 [FIG. 12(a)], counterclockwise [FIG. 12(b)], or clockwise [FIG. 12(c)]. As the clockwise or counterclockwise horizontal inclination angle of the lower backup roll 30 to the anvil roll 20 increases, a pressing force of the lower backup roll 30 to a center portion of the anvil roll 20 increases. As a result, the bending of the anvil roll 20 is reduced, so that stress applied to the plastic film F passing through the gap G between the pattern roll 10 and the anvil roll 20 is made laterally uniform.

(92) When the movable frames 50, 50 are horizontally rotated, the lower backup roll 30 and the fourth driving means 100 connected to the lower backup roll 30 are also horizontally rotated. However, because the first and second vertical guide rails 45, 45, 54, 54 are separate from the front surfaces of the vertical columns 111, 111 on the upstream side (forward) as shown in FIGS. 5(a) to 5(c), the horizontal movement of the movable frames 50, 50, the lower backup roll 30 and the fourth driving means 100 are not hindered by the vertical columns 111, 111. Namely, horizontally rotating movable frames 50, 50, lower backup roll 30 and fourth driving means 100 do not come into contact with the vertical columns 111, 111 at all. Therefore, the apparatus of the present invention can have a small structure in which the stationary frames 40, 40 are supported by only a pair of laterally arranged vertical columns 111, 111. This is achieved by employing a so-called cantilevered support structure in which the anvil roll 20 and the lower backup roll 30 are supported by the first vertical guide rails 45, 45 on the front surfaces of the stationary frames 40, 40 and the second vertical guide rails 54, 54 on the front surfaces of the movable frames 50, 50, utilizing the characteristics that a force applied to the pattern roll 10 and the anvil roll 20 to form large numbers (pluralities) of fine pores in a plastic film F is much smaller than a force necessary for rolling a thin metal strip as in U.S. Pat. No. 5,839,313.

(93) As shown in FIGS. 6 and 10, the characteristics (opening diameters, depths, areal density, etc.) of fine pores F.sub.1 in the microporous plastic film Fa exiting from the gap G are observed by the sensor 145, whose signal is output to a controller (not shown), which forms a first signal for adjusting (optimizing) the gap between the pattern roll 10 and the anvil roll 20, and a second signal for adjusting (optimizing) the horizontal inclination angle of the lower backup roll 30 to the anvil roll 20, thereby obtaining a desired characteristics of fine pores. In this state, the plastic film F is perforated to faun a desired microporous plastic film Fa, which is finally wound around the second reel 152.

(94) [3] Microporous Plastic Film

(95) (1) Microporous Plastic Film Having Penetrating Pores

(96) A microporous plastic film having penetrating pores, which is produced by the apparatus of the present invention, can have moisture permeability of 100-7000 g/m.sup.2.Math.24 hr at 40 C. and 90% RH, by adjusting a pressing force by the pattern roll 10 and the anvil roll 20, and their relative inclination angle . The moisture permeability is measured by Testing Methods for Determination of Water Vapor Transmission Rate of Moisture-Proof Packaging Materials of JIS Z 0208. When the moisture permeability is less than 100 g/m.sup.2.Math.24 hr at 40 C. and 90% RH, the microporous plastic film does not have necessary moisture permeability for foods such as breads, vegetables, etc. On the other hand, when the moisture permeability is more than 7000 g/m.sup.2.Math.24 hr at 40 C. and 90% RH, the microporous plastic film has too high moisture permeability. The moisture permeability of the microporous plastic film is preferably 200-6000 g/m.sup.2.Math.24 hr at 40 C. and 90% RH, more preferably 300-6000 g/m.sup.2.Math.24 hr at 40 C. and 90% RH. The moisture permeability of the microporous plastic film may be properly selected within the above range depending on contents to be wrapped.

(97) (2) Microporous Plastic Film Having Only Unpenetrating Pores

(98) In a microporous plastic film having only unpenetrating pores, which is produced by the apparatus of the present invention, the unpenetrating pores preferably have an average depth Dav corresponding to 30-80% of the thickness of the plastic film F, and the maximum depth Dmax corresponding to 90% or less of the thickness of the plastic film F. The unpenetrating fine pores preferably have an average pore diameter Pav of 20-100 m, and a distribution density Ds of 500-40,000/cm.sup.2.

(99) Because unpenetrating fine pores are formed by large numbers (pluralities) of high-hardness, fine particles having various sizes and heights randomly attached to a pattern roll surface as described later, they have various sizes and depths. However, to enable easy tearing from any arbitrary position while completely preventing the permeation of oxygen, moisture, etc., the unpenetrating fine pores should have an average depth Dav corresponding to 30-80% of the thickness of the plastic film F, and the maximum depth Dmax corresponding to 90% or less of the thickness of the plastic film F.

(100) When the average depth Dav of unpenetrating fine pores is less than 30% of the thickness of the plastic film F, the microporous plastic film does not have sufficient easiness to tear. On the other hand, When the average depth Dav is more than 80%, all fine pores formed cannot be unpenetrating pores. The average depth Dav of unpenetrating fine pores is preferably 35-70%, more preferably 40-60%, of the thickness of the plastic film F.

(101) When the maximum depth Dmax of unpenetrating fine pores is more than 90%, all fine pores formed cannot be unpenetrating pores. The maximum depth Dmax of the unpenetrating fine pores is preferably 85% or less, more preferably 80% or less, of the thickness of the plastic film F.

(102) When the average pore diameter Pav of unpenetrating fine pores is less than 20 m, the microporous plastic film does not have sufficient easiness to tear. On the other hand, when the average pore diameter Pav of unpenetrating fine pores is more than 100 m, the microporous plastic film has insufficient strength and poor surface appearance. The average pore diameter Pav of unpenetrating fine pores is preferably 25-80 m, more preferably 30-60 m.

(103) The unpenetrating fine pores having the average depth Dav, the maximum depth Dmax and the average pore diameter Pav described above preferably have as narrow depth distribution and pore diameter distribution as possible. To this end, the high-hardness, fine particles 10b of the pattern roll 10 preferably have as narrow a particle size distribution as possible.

(104) When the distribution density Ds of unpenetrating fine pores is less than 500/cm.sup.2, the microporous plastic film does not have sufficient easiness to tear. On the other hand, when the distribution density Ds is more than 40,000/cm.sup.2, the microporous plastic film has insufficient strength. The distribution density Ds of unpenetrating fine pores is preferably 1000-20,000/cm.sup.2, more preferably 2000-10,000/cm.sup.2.

(105) When a microporous plastic film having only unpenetrating pores is used as an easy-to-tear plastic film for wrapping dry foods, etc., a print layer, a gas barrier layer and a heat-sealing layer are preferably formed on a rear surface (having no unpenetrating fine pores) of the microporous plastic film. The gas barrier layer may be an aluminum foil, a vapor-deposited aluminum layer, or a vapor-deposited, transparent inorganic oxide layer. The vapor-deposited, transparent inorganic oxide layer may be a vapor-deposited layer of silicon oxide or alumina. When high gas barrier is not required, the gas barrier layer may be omitted. The heat-sealing layer necessary for sealing a bag of a microporous plastic film may be formed by low-density polyethylene (LDPE), unoriented polypropylene (CPP), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), etc. The heat-sealing layer may be as thick as about 20-60 m.

Effects of the Invention

(106) In the apparatus of the present invention has a structure comprising a pattern roll and an anvil roll rotatably supported by stationary frames, and a lower backup roll movable up and down along movable frames, with the anvil roll pressed upward by the lower backup roll to form large numbers (pluralities) of fine pores in a plastic film passing through a gap between the pattern roll and the anvil roll, the horizontal inclination angle of the lower backup roll to the anvil roll can be quickly changed by the rotation of the movable frames. As a result, the optimum horizontal inclination angle of the lower backup roll can be quickly set depending on the characteristics (opening diameters, depths, areal density, etc.) of fine pores. Because the pattern roll and the anvil roll are kept in parallel while the lower backup roll horizontally rotates, a slanting force is not applied to the plastic film, which is unlikely subjected to strain or rupture even when the quick horizontal rotation of the lower backup roll is conducted.

(107) The apparatus of the present invention can be used to form not only penetrating pores but also unpenetrating pores in the plastic film. Microporous plastic films having penetrating pores are suitable as films for wrapping breads, cookies, vegetables, fermented foods such as fermented soybeans and kimchi, etc., which require proper air permeability and moisture permeability. Also, microporous plastic films having only unpenetrating pores are suitable as easy-to-tear plastic films for wrapping dry foods such as instant coffee, powdered milk, tea, etc., which can be easily torn from any point while completely preventing the permeation of oxygen, moisture, etc.

DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

(108) 10: Pattern roll 10a: Roll body 10b: High-hardness, fine particle 10c: Plating layer 11: Bearing 20: Anvil roll 20a: Roll body 21: Bearing 22: Guide member 30: Lower backup roll 31: Bearing 32: Guide member 40: Stationary frame 41: Fixing plate 46: Bracket 44: Upper vertical guide rail 45: Lower vertical guide rail (first vertical guide rail) 50: Movable frame 51: Bracket 54: Second vertical guide rail 55: Movable plate 56: Horizontal plate 57: Guide block 57a: Guide groove 60: Base 61: Flat plate 62: Circularly curved guide rail 70: First driving means 71: Motor 72: Shaft of motor 73: Reduction gear 74: Frame 75: Connector plate 76: Bolt 77: Flat plate 80: Second driving means 81: Gear box 82: Reduction gear 83: Motor 84: Screw jack 85: Mail screw member 86: Buffer 90: Third driving means 91: Motor 92: Reduction gear 93a: First rotation shaft (shaft of reduction gear) 93b: Second rotation shaft 93c: Third rotation shaft 94: Coupling device 95a: First gear 95b: Second gear 95c: Third gear 95d: Fourth gear 95e: Fifth gear 96: Chain 100: Fourth driving means 101: Motor 102: Reduction gear 111: Vertical column 111a: Inner-side surface of vertical column 113: Planar bracket fixed to inside surface of vertical column 120: Horizontal beam 140: Guide roll 145: Sensor 151: Reel around which plastic film is wound 152: Reel around which microporous plastic film is to be wound 160: Upper backup roll 161: Bearing 162: Guide member 170: Fifth driving means 171: Motor 172: Reduction gear 173: Screw jack 174: Mail screw member 175: Buffer F: Plastic film Fa: Microporous plastic film F.sub.1: Fine pore G: Gap between pattern roll and anvil roll : Horizontal inclination angle of lower backup roll to anvil roll