Linear flux switching permanent magnet motor

Abstract

A linear flux switching permanent magnet (FSPM) motor includes a longitudinal linear stator with stator teeth facing an air gap and a mover including at least one armature including armature teeth, which are spaced apart by slots for receiving an armature winding. At least some, preferably all of the armature teeth embed at least two permanent magnets, respectively, which are positioned successively in longitudinal direction of the tooth, whereby the two permanent magnets have different magnetic properties.

Claims

1. A linear flux switching permanent magnet (FSPM) motor comprising: a longitudinal linear stator with stator teeth facing an air gap, the stator teeth spaced from one another in a first direction and each stator tooth extending in a second direction; and a mover comprising at least one armature comprising armature teeth, which are spaced apart in the first direction by slots for receiving an armature winding, wherein at least some of the armature teeth embed at least two permanent magnets, respectively, which are positioned successively in the second direction of each of the armature teeth, whereby the two permanent magnets have different magnetic properties, wherein a first permanent magnet is located in the area towards a tooth tip and a second permanent magnet is located below the first permanent magnet in the second direction, wherein the first permanent magnet has a higher remanence than the second permanent magnet.

2. The motor according to claim 1, wherein the first permanent magnet has a larger width in the first direction than the second permanent magnet.

3. The motor according to claim 1, wherein an upper surface of each of the first permanent magnets is aligned with a respective tooth tip.

4. The motor according to claim 1, wherein materials of the first and second permanent magnets differ from each other.

5. The motor according to claim 1, wherein the armature is formed from U-shaped armature profiles, comprising a profile base and at least two parallel profile members which extend perpendicular to the profile base and towards the air gap, wherein the permanent magnets are embedded between first sides of the profile members, and wherein the armature winding is located in between second sides of the profile members.

6. The motor according to claim 5, wherein each armature profile is formed by stacked-up armature profile sheet metals.

7. The motor according to claim 5, wherein a length of the permanent magnets in the second direction of the respective tooth is larger than a length of the profile members of the armature profile.

8. The motor according to claim 5, wherein the permanent magnets embedded in the armature teeth protrude by an overhang over the armature profiles in the second direction facing away from the air gap.

9. The motor according to claim 1, wherein the armature has at least one armature base from which armature members project in the second direction, the armature members forming a part of the armature teeth, and wherein an increase in a width of the armature teeth towards the air gap is formed by an increase in a width of the armature members embedding the permanent magnets and an increase in a width of the first permanent magnet.

10. The motor according to claim 1, wherein the armature teeth have an increased width in the first direction towards the air gap, whereby the width of the armature teeth begins in the first direction of the armature teeth at a level of the armature windings.

11. The motor according to claim 10, wherein the width increase of the armature teeth takes place over at least half of a length of the armature teeth length in the second direction.

12. The motor according to claim 10, wherein the increased width portion of the armature teeth increases continuously without forming an edge in a side of the armature teeth facing the slots.

13. The motor according to claim 10, wherein the increase of the width of the increased width portion increases continuously towards the air gap, so that a side of the armature teeth facing the slots is increasingly curved outwards towards the slot.

14. The motor according to claim 1, wherein the number of mover teeth is between 22 and 42 per meter length of the mover in the first direction.

15. An elevator comprising the linear FSPM motor according to claim 1, wherein the mover is connected along a side of an elevator car and the stator is mounted on a beam extending along an elevator shaft.

16. The motor according to claim 1, wherein the number of mover teeth is between 27 and 37 per meter length of the mover in the first direction.

17. The motor according to claim 2, wherein an upper surface of the first permanent magnet is aligned with the tooth tip.

18. The motor according to claim 2, wherein materials of the first and second permanent magnets differ from each other.

19. The motor according to claim 2, wherein the armature is formed from U-shaped armature profiles, comprising a profile base and at least two parallel profile members which extend perpendicular to the profile base and towards the air gap, wherein the permanent magnets are embedded between first sides of the profile, members, and wherein the armature winding is located in between second sides of the profile members.

20. A linear flux switching permanent magnet (FSPM) motor comprising: a longitudinal linear stator with stator teeth facing an air gap, the stator teeth spaced from one another in a first direction and each stator tooth extending in a second direction; and a mover comprising at least one armature comprising armature teeth, which are spaced apart in the first direction by slots for receiving an armature winding, wherein at least some of the armature teeth embed at least two permanent magnets, respectively, which are positioned successively in the second direction of each of the armature teeth, whereby the two permanent magnets have different magnetic properties, wherein a first permanent magnet is located in the area towards a tooth tip and a second permanent magnet is located below the first permanent magnet in the second direction, wherein the armature teeth have an increased width in the first direction towards the air gap, whereby the width of the armature teeth begins in the first direction of the armature teeth at a level of the armature windings, and wherein the width increase of the armature teeth takes place over at least half of a length of the armature teeth length in the second direction.

Description

(1) Some prior art technologies as also the invention is hereinafter described by an embodiment in connection with the enclosed schematic drawings.

(2) FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal cross-section through a mover and a part of a stator of an inventive FSPM motor, and

(3) FIG. 2a shows an armature profile design according to the prior art, with a semi-closed slot,

(4) FIGS. 2b and 2c show armature profile shapes according to the present invention,

(5) FIGS. 3a and 3b the flux when the tooth width is reduced because of increasing the tooth number and decreasing the width of the armature profile member,

(6) FIGS. 4a and 4b the flux in case of a known semi-closed slot,

(7) FIGS. 5a and 5b the flux in a prior art armature tooth as well as in an armature tooth according to the invention,

(8) FIG. 6 the force generated by a conventional mover with semi-closed slots according to FIG. 2(a) and by a mover with increased tooth width according to FIG. 2(b),

(9) FIGS. 7a and 7b the leakage flux at the profile base with a conventional design (FIG. 7a) as well as with a permanent magnet overhang according to the invention (FIG. 7b),

(10) FIG. 8 the flux in an inventive mover armature with increased tooth width as well as width a permanent magnet hybrid consisting of two different permanent magnets.

(11) FIG. 1 shows a linear FSMP motor 10 comprising a mover 12 and a stator 14 which is only shown in a part as the stator normally extends over a length of several meters to tenth of meters or even to hundreds of meters in high-rise elevators in an elevator shaft. The mover 12 is usually connected alongside of a side of an elevator car and the co-action between a stator 14 and mover 12 is used to move the elevator car vertically along the elevator shaft. Between the stator 14 and the mover 12, an air gap a is provided whereby on the stator side, stator teeth 16 face to the air gap a, whereas on the side of the mover 12, an armature 13 with is provided consisting of several preferably U-shaped armature profiles 15 positioned successively and adjacent to each other in width direction w of the armature 13, only spaced apart by permanent magnets 20, 22 positioned in-between. I denominates the length direction of the armature 13 in the direction of the air gap (perpendicular to the air gap plane) a to define the areas of the armature with respect to their distance from the air gap a. These direction nominations hold true for all figures.

(12) Each armature profile 15 consists of an profile base 21 having two parallel profile members 23 extending perpendicular to the profile base 21. The profile members 23 of two adjacent armature profiles 15 form an armature tooth embedding at least two different permanent magnets 20, 22 embedded in between. The first permanent magnet 22 is in the tooth tip area, has a larger width than the second permanent magnet 20 and a higher remanence but less good de-magnetization properties. The second permanent magnet extend over most of the length of the armature tooth 18 and protrudes on the armature back or armature base by an overhang d. The second permanent magnet has a lower remanence than the first permanent magnets but better de-magnetization properties. The armature teeth 18 protrude from the armature 13 in the direction of the air gap a. Between the profile members 23 of each armature profile 15 a slot for 30 is formed which is adapted to accommodate an armature winding 32.

(13) The armature profiles 15 are regularly laminated stacks or stack segments, build up form correspondingly profiled sheet metals. An armature profile 15 may also consist of several of these U-profiles in succession as a one-piece part, reducing the number of separate armature profiles 15 for the armature 13.

(14) The profile members 23 of two adjacent armature profiles embed a second permanent magnet 20 over most of the length l of the armature tooth 18. A first permanent magnet 22 is located on the top of the second permanent magnet 20 particularly in the area of the tooth tip 19. The first permanent magnet 22 has a larger base area and width than the second permanent magnet 20 and is aligned with its upper surface with the tip 19 of the armature tooth 18 facing the air gap a.

(15) The second permanent magnets 20 protrude above the back of the armature 13 formed by the profile base 21 of the armature profiles 15 by an overhang d, which reduces flux leakage in the area of the profile base 21.

(16) A linear FSPM motor with these properties has a high efficiency and a low flux leakage and a high reliability against de-magnetization.

(17) The FIGS. 2(b) and 2(c) show two different possible geometries of the armature irons or armature profiles 15 for the mover whereby in the embodiment of FIG. 2(b) the increasing width portion 36 of the profile member 23 extends over half of its length, whereas in the embodiment of FIG. 2(c), the width increasing portion 36 of the armature tooth 18 extends over the complete length l of the profile member 23.

(18) FIGS. 3a and 3b show generally the effect of the reduction of the width of the profile members 23 on the flux between armature 13 and stator 14.

(19) FIGS. 4a and 4b show generally the flux-increasing effect of the well-known semi-closed slot solution 36 of the profile members 23 on the flux between armature 13 and stator 14.

(20) FIGS. 5a and 5b show the advantage of reduced flux-density between armature 13 and stator 14 when using width increased teeth 18 according to the present invention, wherein the width increased portion 36 of the profile members lead to a reduced flux density (black arrow) between armature teeth 18 and stator teeth 16.

(21) With respect to FIGS. 6 and 7 it is referred to the general description above.

(22) FIG. 8 shows the magnetic flux of an inventive linear FSPM motor, having width extended armature teeth 18 on one side and hybrid permanent magnets consisting of second permanent magnets 20, preferably of lower remanence (and corresponding higher de-magnetization stability) over the uppermost part of the length of the teeth 18 which are overlapped in the direction of the tooth tip 19 by first permanent magnets 22 having a larger width than the second permanent magnets 20. These first permanent magnets 22 have also a higher remanence than the second permanent magnets 20 to improve the efficiency of the motor.

(23) In summary, the width increase of the armature teeth 18 is realised by the width increasing portions 36 of the profile members 23 as well as by the increased width of the first permanent magnets 22 with respect to the second permanent magnets 20. It can be seen that the flux density in the interface between armature teeth 18 and stator teeth 16 is moderate, which leads to less leakage flux and to a reduced tendency of irreversible de-magnetization of the permanent magnets 20, 22.

(24) In the embodiment of the drawings the width increase of the armature teeth is optional. The armature teeth can also be straight or can be semi-closed with the width increased portion above the copper (or windings). Also the overhang d of the permanent magnets over the armature ground is optional.

(25) The invention is not restricted to the disclosed embodiments but may be varied within the scope of the appended patent claims.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

(26) 10 linear FSPM motor

(27) 12 mover

(28) 13 armature

(29) 14 stator

(30) 15 armature profile

(31) 16 stator tooth

(32) 18 armature tooth

(33) 20 second permanent magnet

(34) 21 armature basearmature profile base

(35) 22 first permanent magnet

(36) 23 armature memberprofile member

(37) 24 first side of the profile member facing the permanent magnet(s)

(38) 26 second side of the profile member facing the slot

(39) 28 level of the armature winding in the slot

(40) 30 slot

(41) 32 armature windingcopper

(42) 36 width extended parts of the profile members

(43) l length direction perpendicular to the mover area

(44) d overhang of the second permanent magnet on the armature ground

(45) w width direction of the armature in length or moving direction of the mover

(46) a air gap