Heat exchanger and reactor

Abstract

A heat exchanger having a housing, which defines a first volume (V1), and having at least one conduit, which defines a second volume (V2), wherein the housing has an inlet and an outlet and at least one first opening and at least one second opening located opposite the first opening relative to the housing, wherein the at least one conduit extends through the first volume (V1) and connects the at least one first opening of the housing and the at least one second opening of the housing, and is connected at the two ends of the conduit to the housing in a fluid-tight manner. In order to provide a heat exchanger which has an improved possibility for compensating for the differential thermal expansion of the housing and the conduits, the at least one conduit does not extend in a linear manner inside the first volume (V1), and the at least one conduit is monolithically connected in the region of the first opening of the conduit and/or the second opening of the conduit to the housing.

Claims

1. A reactor with a heat exchanger, comprising: a housing, which defines a first volume (V1), and comprising at least one conduit, which defines a second volume (V2), wherein the housing has an inlet and an outlet and at least one first opening and at least one second opening located opposite the at least one first opening relative to the housing, wherein the at least one conduit extends through the first volume (V1) and connects the at least one first opening of the housing and the at least one second opening of the housing, and is connected at two ends of the conduit to the housing in a fluid-tight manner, wherein the at least one conduit does not extend in a linear manner inside the first volume (V1), and the at least one conduit is monolithically connected in the region of the at least one first opening and/or the at least one second opening to the housing, wherein the housing has a middle part in the shape of a cylindrical shell, and two oppositely situated end pieces, wherein the inlet and the at least one first opening are situated at the one end piece, and the outlet and the at least one second opening are situated at the other end piece, and wherein a catalyst material is arranged in the at least one conduit or outside of the at least one conduit in the housing.

2. The reactor with the heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said at least one conduit are provided, being formed monolithically together with the housing.

3. The reactor with the heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said at least one conduit are provided, being formed monolithically as a unit together with the middle part and end pieces.

4. The reactor with the heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the housing has a longitudinal axis (L) and a plurality of said at least one conduit are arranged rotationally symmetrical about the longitudinal axis (L) of the housing.

5. The reactor with the heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the at least one conduit runs at least partially in an arc and/or a wave and/or a helix and/or a zig zag shape.

6. The reactor with the heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein a cross-sectional profile of the at least one conduit varies along its course.

7. The reactor with the heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said at least one conduit are provided and the heat exchanger has at least one collector and/or one distributor, wherein the conduits are in fluidic communication with the at least one collector across the at least one first opening and/or with the distributor across the at least one second opening.

8. The reactor with the heat exchanger according to claim 7, wherein the housing has a longitudinal axis (L) and the at least one collector and/or the distributor comprises a feed or drain, wherein the feed and/or the drain, are situated tangentially to an imaginary circle about the longitudinal axis (L) of the housing.

9. The reactor with the heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein auxiliary structures are arranged in the first volume (V1) and/or the second volume (V2).

10. The reactor with the heat exchanger according to claim 9, wherein the auxiliary structures are one or more of deflecting elements, surface structures, and connection elements.

11. The reactor with the heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the housing has a longitudinal axis (L) and a plurality of said at least one conduit are arranged rotationally symmetrical about the longitudinal axis (L) of the housing, and wherein the conduits run at least partially in an arc and/or a wave and/or a helix and/or a zig zag shape.

12. The reactor with the heat exchanger according to claim 11, wherein a cross-sectional profile of the conduits varies along its course, and wherein the reactor with the heat exchanger has at least one collector and/or one distributor, wherein the conduits are in fluidic communication with the at least one collector across the at least one first opening and/or with the distributor across the at least one second opening.

13. The reactor with the heat exchanger according to claim 12, wherein the at least one collector and/or the distributor comprises a feed or drain, wherein the feed and/or the drain are situated tangentially to an imaginary circle about the longitudinal axis (L) of the housing, and wherein auxiliary structures are arranged in the first volume (V1) and/or the second volume (V2).

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention shall be explained and presented below with the aid of two figures. There are shown:

(2) FIG. 1, a side view of a first embodiment of the heat exchanger in cross section;

(3) FIG. 2, a side view of a second embodiment of the heat exchanger in partial cross section.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(4) The heat exchanger 1 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a housing 2 having a middle part 3 and two opposite end pieces 4. The housing 2 comprises an inlet 5 and an outlet 6, which are each arranged in an end piece 4. The inlet 5 and the outlet 6 are arranged on opposite sides with respect to housing 2. Between the inlet 5 and the outlet 6 extends a longitudinal axis L of the housing 2, which also forms its central axis and the connecting line between the inlet 5 and an outlet 6. The middle part 3 and the end pieces 4 are thus each rotationally symmetrical about the longitudinal axis L, i.e., the middle part 3 is formed in particular as a cylinder shell.

(5) The housing 2 defines a first volume V1.

(6) The housing 2 has six first openings 7 and six second openings 8. The first openings 7 are arranged opposite the second openings 8 relative to the housing 2. Of the first openings 7 and the second openings 8 in each case two are visible in cross section. The heat exchanger 1 has six conduits 9, of which four are discernible in the cross section (two of them sectioned, two non-sectioned). Each conduit 9 extends from its associated first opening 7 to its associated second opening 8 and interconnects them. The conduits 9 are rotationally symmetrically disposed about the longitudinal axis L. In the area of the openings 7, 8, the conduits 9 are monolithically connected to the housing 2. The conduits 9 define a common second volume V2.

(7) Connecting lines G run between the first openings 7 and second openings 8 respectively associated with the same conduits 9. The connecting lines G of the different conduits 9 are all parallel to the longitudinal axis L.

(8) An imaginary surface A, which is disposed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L, divides the heat exchanger 1 into a first housing portion 16 and a second housing portion 17. The inlet 5 and the first openings 7 are arranged in the first housing portion 16, the outlet 6 and the second openings 8 are arranged in the second housing portion.

(9) When used as intended, a first medium flows from a region outside the housing 2 through the inlet 5 into the first volume V1, and then through the outlet 6 into a region outside of the housing 2. Due to the rotationally symmetrical arrangement and the continuous broadening and narrowing of the housing 2 along the connecting lines and center line L, the first medium expands in the first volume V1 after entering it, at first with slowing down of the flow rate speed in uniform manner and without turbulence, and after the reaction and/or heat transfer it flows through the outlet 6, once more accelerated, and out from the housing 2.

(10) At the same time a second medium flows through the conduits 9 during the operation. In a first operating mode, the second medium flows from the first openings 7 in the direction of the second openings 8. In this operating mode, the heat exchanger 1 is a direct-flow heat exchanger, since the main flow directions of both media are parallel and in the same direction. In a second operating mode, the second medium flows from the second openings 8 in the direction of the first openings 7. In this operating mode, the heat exchanger 1 is a counter-flow heat exchanger, since the main flow directions of both media are parallel and opposite.

(11) The first medium and the second medium have a different temperature prior to entry into the housing 2 or the conduits. 9 In the housing 2, a heat transfer therefore occurs from the warmer medium to the colder medium.

(12) The cables 9 extend run in wavy or zigzag manner and have alternately straight and curved sections. Therefore, in certain of the sections the conduits 9 also run transversely to the longitudinal direction of the housing 2 and thus to the main flow direction along the connecting lines G. However, at no point in the conduits 9 does the flow direction change, such that it has a component counter to the main flow direction. In other words, the flow at each location in the conduits runs from top to bottom in the case of the direct-flow heat exchanger or vice versa in the case of the countercurrent heat exchanger. This, in contrast to an up and down flow, such as in U-shaped tube bundle heat exchangers, ensures a better transverse temperature homogeneity and therefore a more uniform temperature adaptation in the first medium.

(13) If there is a thermal expansion of a conduit 9 or the housing 2, the conduits 9 can be deformed due to their configuration deviating from a straight line, that is, expand or contract especially in the direction of the longitudinal axis L relative to the housing 2, thereby equalizing the material expansion.

(14) The heat exchanger 1 can be filled with a catalytic material and used as a reactor. The catalytic material may be introduced for example in the form of a loose fill or a granulate through both the inlet 5 and/or the outlet 6 into the housing 2 in the first volume V1 of the housing 2 and also through the first and/or second openings 7, 8 in the second volume V2 of the conduits 9. This depends, as described above, on the one hand on the handling and on the other hand on the endothermic or exothermic reaction.

(15) The catalyst material can also be introduced in the form of a thin layer onto an inner surface of the heat exchanger. This is particularly possible when the surface to be coated is large, as in the case of the housing inner wall and/or many conduit exterior surfaces. The individual surfaces may additionally be structured in the form of a thin layer for the purpose of increasing the surface area.

(16) The second embodiment of the heat exchanger 1 according to FIG. 2, in contrast to the first embodiment, has a plurality of helical conduits 19. The conduits 19 are arranged in a housing 20, which is shown in partial section. The housing 20 has at its end face a distributor 10 and a collector 11. The distributor 10 and the collector 11 are arranged on opposite sides relative to the housing 20, The conduits 19 are fluidically connected via first openings, not shown, to the distributor 10 and via second openings, not shown, to the collector 11.

(17) The distributor 10 is cylindrical and has a feed 12 for the second medium. Except for the feed 12, which is disposed tangentially to the casing surface 13 of the distributor 10, the distributor 10 is rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis L of the housing 20.

(18) The collector 11 is cylindrical and has a drain 14 for the second medium. The drain 14 is also disposed tangentially to the casing surface 15 of the collector 11, which is moreover rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis L of the housing 20.

(19) Otherwise, the housing 20 is constructed once again rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis or central axis L, which again forms at the same time the connecting line between the inlet 25 and an outlet 26.

(20) Thus, the second medium is distributed uniformly among all conduits 19 in this largely rotationally symmetrical construction about the longitudinal axis L, because it is introduced tangentially. And the first medium furthermore flows evenly distributed into the first volume V1, because it is fed to it at the middle through the central end sections portions.

(21) The research that led to these results was funded by the European Union.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

(22) 1 Heat exchanger 2 Housing 3 Middle part 4 End piece 5 Inlet 6 Outlet 7 First opening 8 Second opening 9 Conduit 10 Distributor 11 Collector 12 Feed 13 First casing surface 14 Drain 15 Second casing surface 16 First housing portion 17 Second housing portion 19 Conduit 20 Housing 25 Inlet 26 Outlet A Surface G Connecting line L Longitudinal, center axis V1 First volume V2 Second volume