Method of processing fully austenitic stainless steel with high strength and high toughness

Abstract

A method of processing fully austenitic stainless steels, comprising the following steps: (1) performing a solution treatment on a raw material with a certain chemical composition, and cooling to get samples, the raw material contains: 00.2% of C, 00.2% of N, not more than 0.03% of P, not more than 0.001% of S, 0.5%1% of Si, 1.0%2.0% of Mn, 15%17% of Cr, 5%7% of Ni by weight, the remaining is Fe, and the content of C and N should not be zero simultaneously with a total content of both at 0.15%0.2%; and (2) performing hot-working for deformation of the samples obtained in step (1), to get a fully austenitic stainless steel. The stainless steel prepared by the hot-working deformation of the present invention has a yield strength of 2 to 3 times of that before hot-working deformation and an elongation of 1.05 to 1.2 times of that before hot-working deformation.

Claims

1. A method of processing fully austenitic stainless steels, comprising the following steps: (1) Performing a solution treatment on a raw material with a certain chemical composition, cooling to get samples; the raw material contains 00.2% of C, 00.2% of N, not more than 0.03% of P, not more than 0.001% of S, 0.5%1% of Si, 1.0%2.0% of Mn, 15%17% of Cr, 5%7% of Ni by weight, the remaining is Fe, and the content of C and N should not be zero simultaneously with a total content of both at 0.15%0.2%; (2) Performing hot-working for deformation of the samples obtained in step (1), to get a fully austenitic stainless steel; wherein the hot-working deformation is achieved by directly placing cold samples to a processing equipment preheated to the set temperature T1 or directly placing samples preheated to temperature T2 for processing, the deformation amount of hot-working deformation is measured by the cross-sectional shrinkage rate ; wherein T1 should be accord with equation (1), T2 should be accord with equation (2), and should be accord with equation (4) or equation (5);
M.sub.d +30 C. <T1<500 C. (1)
M.sub.d 80 C. <T2<550 C. (2) Wherein, in the equation (1) and equation (2), M.sub.d represents the strain maximum temperature of strain-induced martensite, which is calculated according to equation (3):
M.sub.d=551462(C+N)-8.1Mn9.2Si13.7Cr29Ni1.42(8.0) (3) Wherein, in the equation (3), Mn represent the weight percentages of each element, and represents the ASTM grain size rating;
10% 10% +(T1-50)/1000 (4)
10% 10% +(T1-50)/1000 (5).

2. The method of processing fully austenitic stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the solution treatment is within the range of 1050 C. 1150 C. and the holding time is 1min2 h in step (1).

3. The method of processing fully austenitic stainless steel according to claim 2, wherein the cooling method is water quenching or oil quenching in step (1).

4. The method of processing fully austenitic stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the cooling method is water quenching or oil quenching in step (1).

5. The method of processing fully austenitic stainless steel according to claim 4, wherein the modes of deformation are selected from the group consisting of rolling, extruding, forging and drawing in step (2).

6. The method of processing fully austenitic stainless steel according to claim 5, wherein the processing method of the fully austenitic stainless steel comprises step (1) and step (2).

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 shows an engineering stress-strain curve in Example 1 of the present invention, 1 represents a sample before hot-working deformation; 2 represents a sample after hot-working deformation.

(2) FIG. 2 shows a result of X-ray diffraction of samples after hot-working deformation in Example 2 of the present invention, presenting a fully austenite single-phase structure.

(3) FIG. 3 shows a TEM photograph of samples before hot-working deformation in Example 2 of the present invention, showing that the internal dislocation density of grains is extremely low.

(4) FIG. 4 is a TEM photograph of samples after hot-working deformation in Example 2 of the present invention, showing that the grain contains high-density dislocations and no martensite exists.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(5) The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described with specific embodiments below, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1

(6) Stainless steels having compositions of 0.1% C, 0.1% N, 0.03% P, 0.001% S, 0.5% Si, 1.0% Mn, 15% Cr, 5% Ni and remaining Fe are placed to a resistivity and heated to 1050 C. at a rate of 10 C./min, holding 2 h, and a solution treatment is performed by water quenching, to obtain a fully austenite structure. The resulting samples are preheated to 450 C. and then rapidly delivered to a rolling mill for rolling, to achieve a deformation amount with a cross-sectional shrinkage rate at 20%. The obtained samples were subjected to wire-electrode cutting, and then a tensile test is conducted as per GB/T 228.1-2010 Metallic materialsTensile testingPart 1: Method of test at room temperature, to test the yield strength and elongation of samples. The martensite content and austenite content of samples are measured by X-ray diffraction. The resulting samples are rubbed and polished to get a bright mirror surface. Electrolytic corrosion is then performed in a 5% sulfuric acid aqueous solution at a voltage of 20 V at room temperature. The grain size is observed under a metallurgical microscope and the grain size is rated according to the ASTM grain size rating standard.

Example 2

(7) The compositions of materials used: 0.2% C, 0.03% P, 0.001% S, 0.5% Si, 1.0% Mn, 15% Cr, 5% Ni and remaining Fe, other procedures are the same as those in Example 1.

Example 3

(8) The compositions of materials used: 0.2% N, 0.03% P, 0.001% S, 0.5% Si, 1.0% Mn, 15% Cr, 5% Ni and remaining Fe, other procedures are the same as those in Example 1.

Example 4

(9) The compositions of materials used: 0.12% C, 0.05% N, 0.03% P, 0.001% S, 0.5% Si, 1.0% Mn, 15% Cr, 5% Ni and remaining Fe, other procedures are the same as those in Example 1.

Example 5

(10) The compositions of materials used: 0.1% C, 0.07% N, 0.02% P, 0.0007% S, 0.7% Si, 1.5% Mn, 16% Cr, 6% Ni and remaining Fe, other procedures are the same as those in Example 1.

Example 6

(11) The compositions of materials used: 0.05% C, 0.11% N, 0.01% P, 0.001% S, 1% Si, 2% Mn, 17% Cr, 7% Ni and remaining Fe, other procedures are the same as those in Example 1.

Example 7

(12) The compositions of materials used: 0.05% C, 0.05% N, 0.01% P, 0.001% S, 1% Si, 2% Mn, 17% Cr, 7% Ni, and remaining Fe, other procedures are the same as those in Example 1.

Example 8

(13) The step after temperature holding is oil quenching, other procedures are the same as those in Example 1.

Example 9

(14) Samples are heated to 250 C., other procedures are the same as those in Example 1.

Example 10

(15) The samples are preheated and then rapidly delivered to an extruding machine for compressional deformation rather than a rolling mill for rolling. Other procedures are the same as those in Example 1.

Example 11

(16) The samples are preheated and then rapidly delivered to a drawing machine for drawing rather than a rolling mill for rolling. Other procedures are the same as those in Example 1.

Example 12

(17) The samples are preheated and then rapidly delivered to a forging machine for forging deformation rather than a rolling mill for rolling. Other procedures are the same as those in Example 1.

Example 13

(18) The rolling mill especially the rollers are preheated rather than samples. Other procedures are the same as those in Example 1.

Example 14

(19) The extruding machine especially the extruding containers are preheated rather than samples. Other procedures are the same as those in Example 10.

Example 15

(20) The drawing machine especially the molds are preheated rather than samples. Other procedures are the same as those in Example 11.

Example 16

(21) The forging workbench and the forging head are preheated rather than samples. Other procedures are the same as those in Example 12.

Example 17

(22) The cross-sectional shrinkage rate of samples is 10%. Other procedures are the same as those in Example 1.

Example 18

(23) The cross-sectional shrinkage rate of samples is 40%. Other procedures are the same as those in Example 1.

Comparative Example 1

(24) The compositions of materials used: 0.15% C, 0.2% N, 0.01% P, 0.001% S, 1% Si, 2% Mn, 17% Cr, 7% Ni, and remaining Fe, other procedures are the same as those in Example 1.

Comparative Example 2

(25) Samples are heated to 80 C., other procedures are the same as those in Example 1.

Comparative Example 3

(26) Samples are heated to 650 C., other procedures are the same as those in Example 1.

Comparative Example 4

(27) The cross-sectional shrinkage rate of samples is 60%. Other procedures are the same as those in Example 1.

Comparative Example 5

(28) Samples are heated to 150 C. and the cross-sectional shrinkage rate of samples is 40%. Other procedures are the same as those in Example 1.

(29) The basic composition of the present invention is described. Table 1 shows the compositions, mechanical properties and austenite contents in the above examples and comparative examples.

(30) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Compositions, mechanical properties and austenite contents in the examples and comparative examples Before hot- After hot- working deformation working deformation Yield Elon- Yield Strength gation Grain Strength Elongation Austenite Example 1 (MPa) (%) size (MPa) (%) percentage Example 1 250 60 10 550 70 100 Example 2 245 62 11 550 71 100 Example 3 250 60 10 555 70 100 Example 4 240 62 11 545 72 100 Example 5 240 61 11 540 72 100 Example 6 240 62 10 545 71 100 Example 7 230 63 10 510 75 100 Example 8 250 61 10 550 70 100 Example 9 250 60 10 660 65 100 Example 10 250 60 10 560 70 100 Example 11 250 60 10 570 69 100 Example 12 250 60 10 555 70 100 Example 13 250 60 10 570 68 100 Example 14 250 60 10 560 68 100 Example 15 250 60 10 580 66 100 Example 16 250 60 10 570 69 100 Example 17 250 60 10 550 73 100 Example 18 250 60 10 740 64 100 Comparative 270 61 10 680 55 100 Example 1 Comparative 250 60 10 930 32 87 Example 2 Comparative 250 60 10 450 54 95 Example 3 Comparative 250 60 10 1250 15 30 Example 4 Comparative 250 60 10 1000 20 40 Example 5

(31) Examples 1 to 7 herein are to investigate the effect of the steel composition on the mechanical properties and the microstructure. Fully austenite structures are obtained in all examples, and the strength and the plasticity obtained after the hot-working deformation are both higher than those before the hot-working deformation. In Example 7, the increase in strength is relatively weaker than that in Examples 1 to 6, indicating that, the higher the C and N contents in the set range, the more obvious the strengthening effect. However, although the steel of Comparative Example 1 also obtains the fully austenite structure, the plasticity after hot-working deformation is lower than that before hot-working deformation, without achieving the effect of increased strength and plasticity, indicating that the C and N contents have reasonable upper limit. Once exceeding the upper limit set in the invention (0.2%), it will form a compound with Cr, to impair the plasticity.

(32) Examples 1 to 8 herein are to investigate the effect of the cooling mode on the mechanical properties and microstructures of steels, and fully austenite structures are obtained in all examples; in addition, both strength and plasticity have been improved, indicating that both oil quenching and water quenching can achieve the object of the invention.

(33) Examples 1 to 9 herein are to investigate the effect of preheat temperature of hot-working deformation on the mechanical properties and microstructures of steels. Fully austenite structures are obtained at 450 C. and 250 C. in all examples; in addition, both strength and plasticity have been improved, indicating that the hot-working deformation within the temperature range set according to equation (3) can achieve the object of the invention. The strength in Example 1 is lower than that in Example 9, indicating that the lower the temperature, the more obvious the strengthening effect within the set temperature range. The plasticity of steels in the Comparative Examples 2 and 3 after hot-working deformation is significantly higher than that before hot-working deformation, without achieving the effect of increase in strength and plasticity. This is because the preheat temperatures in Comparative Examples 2 and 3 are 80 C. and 650 C., which do not meet the requirements of equation (3).

(34) Example 1 and Examples 10 to 12 herein are to investigate the effect of the hot-working deformation mode on the mechanical properties and the microstructure of the steels. Fully austenite structures are obtained no matter through rolling, forging, extruding or drawing. Both the strength and plasticity after hot-working deformation are higher than those before hot-working deformation.

(35) Examples 13 to 16 herein are to investigate the effect of preheating objects on the mechanical properties and microstructures of steels. Fully austenite structures are obtained by preheating the equipments rather than preheating samples. Both the strength and plasticity after hot-working deformation are higher than those before hot-working deformation.

(36) Examples 1, 17, and 18 herein are to investigate the effect of hot-working deformation amount on the mechanical properties and microstructures of steels. Fully austenite structures are obtained within the range set by the equation (5); both the strength and plasticity after hot-working deformation are higher than those before hot-working deformation, and the strength in Example 17 is relatively lower than that in Examples 1 and 18, indicating that the greater the deformation amount within the range set by the equation (5), the more obvious the strengthening effect. In the Comparative Examples 4 and 5, the plasticity of steels after hot-working deformation is significantly higher than that before hot-working deformation, without achieving the effect of increase in strength and plasticity. This is because the deformation amounts in Comparative Examples 4 and 5 do not meet the requirements of equation (5).