Reinforced removable thermal insulation (ASTI)

Abstract

The reinforced removable thermal insulation (PARTS) contains the heat-insulating blocks joined among themselves placed on an external surface of the heat-isolated equipment. The Asti block is filled with heat-insulating material and consists of a reinforcing frame lattice sheathed on all sides with facing stainless sheets. For mutual detachable connection of heat-insulating blocks between themselves the lock latch is used. When using the proposed lock-latch, a guaranteed tightness is provided, the disclosure of thermal gaps between the side faces of thermal insulation blocks from the inaccessible internal bases of thermal insulation at temperature fluctuations is excluded, fitting works and welding of tension locks on the surface of their blocks in place during installation and Assembly work on the equipment are excluded. Asti blocks are able to save the weight of stainless steel, increase the strength of thermal insulation blocks by 2.56 times, significantly reduce the cost of their manufacture.

Claims

1. A removable thermal insulation comprising: heat-insulating blocks, wherein: the heat-insulating blocks are made of a steel cladding sheet and filled with heat- insulating material, the heat-insulating blocks are interconnected by longitudinal side walls, the steel cladding sheet comprises a strong reinforced lattice; the heat-insulating blocks being fastened together using locks positioned at intersections of each face of the heat-insulating blocks, wherein: the locks consist of grips and hooks, the grips are made in the form of rounded flexible and elastic gripping plates, whereby the grips are compressible, each hook is made in the form of stamped walls fixed to the block frame by means of stiffening ribs and a stainless plate, hook walls form sections with a plane mutually contacting when mating with the surface of the resilient gripping plates, and each gripper is interconnected by an annular spring fastened to the elastic gripping plates and connecting them symmetrically with respect to an axis of symmetry grippers with the formation of a compensated flexible tension.

2. The removable thermal insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the steel cladding sheet is made of thickness S2, satisfying the ratio: $S2>\frac{S_1{k}_{2}d}{k_{1}d}$ where: d-cell step of the frame reinforcing grating, S1-thickness of stainless steel block box sheet, S2-the thickness of the steel cladding sheet, k1-coefficient, umetyvayuschy method of fixing the edge of the box plate BSTI, k2-coefficient, taking into account the method of fixing the edge of the Asti facing plate, D-the maximum size of the blocks.

3. The removable thermal insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforced steel grating is made of bars with a diameter of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm.

4. The removable thermal insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the lattice is made of bars of circular cross-section or equivalent strength bars of another profile.

5. The removable thermal insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of the box is additionally provided with stamped corrugated washers with troughs with a narrowing of the input part for docking with the intersections of the reinforcing bars of the lattice, which is thus shelves of corrugated washers bonded to a thin-walled stainless steel sheet by means of contact welding.

6. The removable thermal insulation according to claim 5, characterized in that the washers are connected to a thin-walled stainless steel sheet by contact welding.

7. The removable thermal insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing lattice is connected to the facing sheet by electric welding.

8. The removable thermal insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that in the frame of the lattice there is one enhanced profile bar grille linear dimension parallel to the axis of the cylindrical surface of the removable thermal insulation and connected by contact movably with a second rod-strip, allowing unified to collect supporting framework of ASTI blocks for thermal insulation and any curvature of the surface of the removable thermal insulation.

Description

(1) The patented reinforced removable thermal insulation is made in the form of a structure similar in geometric shape and size to the block of the prototype of the BSTI. ASTI consists of a cylindrical part of the frame lattice 1 with side walls 2 and front walls 3 FIG. 1 of stainless stamped grooved washer 4 FIG. 2 with shelves 7 for contact welding, gutters 8 and a stainless thin-walled steel shell with a thickness of 0.1−0.4 mm −5 in FIG. 3.

(2) The reinforcing lattice in the initial state for convenience and clarity of the image is selected with a square cell and a round cross-section of the bar, completely flat on both sides. However, it can be made with three, five, hexagonal and rectangular cell and different cross-section of the rod POS.20. It is preferable to use a lattice with a circular cross-section of the bar.

(3) The stainless steel reinforcing frame grating can be pre-connected to the stainless facing sheet by electric welding without grooved washers.

(4) Bars of the reinforcing frame lattice 20 in FIG. 2 can be made of a material other than stainless steel and various profiles, but the strength is not inferior to the strength of stainless steel bars and connected to a stainless facing sheet with corrugated washers.

(5) Corrugated washers 4, made by stamping, have a design that allows them to be fixed and installed by shelves 7 figs when assembled with cross nodes of the reinforcing lattice.6 flush with the plane of the lattice. For this, the input part of the gutters 8 FIG. 6 has a slight narrowing. The shelf 7 of FIG. 6 are used for contact welding of corrugated washers with a thin-walled steel shell of the block. At the reinforcing skeleton lattice of small curvature that is characteristic for thermal isolation of the equipment of big diameters, corrugated washers practically flat, at small diameters of heat insulated pipelines at stamping of corrugated washers it is necessary to consider curvature of a surface of pipelines.

(6) After installation of corrugated washers on the reinforcing grating, the grating and stainless metal thin-walled steel shell are flexible according to a template similar in geometric shape and size to the block of the prototype of the BSTI. In this case, a stainless metal thin-walled steel shell is selected with an appropriate allowance of 6 FIG. 3 around the perimeter. After production, Assembly design, install, hook 12 and the welding allowances on the facing sheet, hollow block ASTI 16 FIG. 11 fill with heat-insulating material, and then by means of contact welding on allowances fix the stainless puklevanny sheet.

(7) Variant of application as part of the frame lattice reinforced profile of the bar-channel, brand and other profiles, 21 FIG. 14, connected to the bar-strip 22, which allows with minimal effort to make bends of the grid and connect the bars with the use of profile corrugated washers with the shape of troughs corresponding to the shape of the frame grid, allows to assemble the bearing frame of the ASTI unit in a unified manner for thermal insulation of any curvature of the equipment surface without the use of additional structural parts. The frame reinforcing lattice can be executed from the strengthened profile of a bar of different modifications. Produce such a grating with the corresponding step d of the strengthened profile of the rod and rod-bands and the linear dimensions of the lattice: h and h, where S is the height of the radial rod of the front side surface of the frame unit, which coincides with the thickness of the insulating layer of the block minus two thicknesses of steel lining, and the S-linear length of the block of ASTI, parallel to the axis of the insulated body or pipeline. Having performed the section of reinforcing profile shelves (channel, brand, etc.) on the border of dimensions and B, bending the profile strip at an angle of 90° at this border and connecting the cut profile shelves with each other in a contact way, we obtain a preliminary blank for the frame of the frontal side surface of the block. To obtain the final frontal surface, it is necessary to cut the lattice strips 22, connecting the radial billets of the reinforced bar, to bend the lattice along the outer surface in accordance with the required curvature of the ASTI block and fix the cut lattice strips with each other by a contact method, thus obtaining the frontal side surface of the block frame. In the same way it is necessary to arrive with a frontal lateral surface from other party of the block. Bending the strips of the frame lattice at the required angle, we obtain two adjacent side surfaces bordering the front side surfaces, which are then connected to each other by contact, fixing the entire side surface of the block frame.

(8) Construction of a frame of the lattice with different profile bars that allow you to perform the structural frame unit of ASTI any curvature, leaves a constant and uniform step size and the estimated cell the outer surface of the frame, slimming, conservative, margin, spacing and size of the cell inner surface of the frame block of ASTI. This design creates a predetermined unification of the supporting frame of almost any Asti unit.

(9) The lock-latch consists of a fixed part—a hook 12 and a portable part˜a capture 10, 11, 18 in FIG. 8. The lock-latch installed at the intersections of the blocks of ASTI, that is one lock on one intersection or one lock on a single block of ASTI.

(10) The hook 12 of FIG. 10 is made of a stamped profile and by means of stiffeners 13 and argon-arc welding is attached to a triangular plate 14 perpendicular to its bisector 15 of a right angle. Then, before filling the hollow block ASTI thermal insulation material, using argon arc welding hook is attached to the frame and facing allowances block. It should be noted that, with a small size of the hook (25 mm in height and 20×30 mm in width and length), after its installation from above, it is necessary to install additional local thermal insulation.

(11) Size a is the bisector distance from the top of the corner to the near wall POS. 19 folds of the camera hook, which is the interaction of the surface of the elastic wall of the capture 18. This distance is a constant size.

(12) Size b is the distance from the axis of symmetry of the grips 17 to the surface of the elastic wall of the grip 18 interacting with the wall of the hook chamber. It is a variable size resulting from the torsion of the section and the elastic tension of the ring spring 9. Size C is the distance of guaranteed tightness considered in statics to the interaction (docking) of the grip and the hook.

(13) Size C=a-b-guaranteed tension compensated during the interaction (docking) of the grip and the hook due to deformation of the ring spring, forming a flexible feedback during thermal expansion or cooling of the heat of the insulated body. The size C is obtained by docking as a result of the slip of the petals of the capture of 10 FIG. 8 with rounding radius along the inclined plane e of the hook chamber and the interaction of the surface of the elastic gripping wall with the wall of the hook chamber.

(14) The annular spring 9, shown in FIG. 8, passing through the bases of FIG. 8 grippers and serving to tension the grippers and create a stable stiffness of the gripper Assembly with a spring, can be made flat, cylindrical or other shape, with or without connector. Normally the tension of the grip is due to the occurring elastic deformation: bending of plates the capture, elastic torsion and rectification of arcs of integral spring between the bases of a capture of blocks of ASTI, as the chord is always less than the arc length of a circle connecting chord. In the design of the lock-latch with three grips in the ultimate tension, the one-piece spring takes the form of a triangle, with four grips—the shape of a square or rectangle, and so on.

(15) Due to the compensated guaranteed flexible tightness, tight contact and fixation of the side faces of the Asti thermal insulation blocks is provided, forming a flexible feedback during temperature fluctuations of the heat-insulated surface of the equipment.

(16) The angle of inclination of the plane e of the camera hook depends on the angle of coverage of the surface of the block ASTI insulating surface.

(17) Asti blocks are attached to each other with the help of locks, latches, installed at the corner intersections of the blocks, joined with the external and internal bases of the blocks. The fixed part, called a hook, is mounted inside the unit on the inner side and by means of ribs 13 and on the bisector of the right angle triangular 15 of the plate 14, to fill a hollow block of ASTI, with TIG welding the hook mounts on the frame and the allowances of the facing block.

(18) The camera has a hook folds 19, passing that when docked petals 10 and the surface of the elastic wall 18 capture fix the movable hook relative to the first block ASTI. The movable gripper contacts the bases with the heat-insulated surface of the body. After its docking with the hook, a 3˜15 mm isothermal thermal gap occurs between the heat-insulated body and the ASTI blocks, eliminating local temperature stresses on the surface of the body. The second block, joined with the capture of the same lock-latch, repeats the previous operation. In the same way the third and fourth blocks with one lock latch are joined. The fifth, sixth and so on blocks of ASTI are joined identically. Closing around the perimeter of the cylindrical part of the pipeline or cylindrical apparatus Asti blocks form a closed chain of blocks, self-retaining them on the heat-insulated surface.

(19) If the lock latch is installed from the outer base of the Asti blocks, that is, the lock latch moves to the removable thermal insulation blocks to fix them, then the camera hook inclined plane e becomes vertical. In this case, all the arguments about the size of a and B, as well as the size of C remain the same.

(20) When using a reinforced steel grating with a bar diameter of 2 mm (for comparison-the thickness of the stainless steel box is equal to 1 mm) and a square cell pitch of 60 mm, a steel shell thickness of 0.2 mm, corrugated washers thickness of 0.5 mm, a diameter of 15 mm obtained blocks ASTI the following data:

(21) The thickness of the stainless thin-walled steel shell is equal TO
S.sub.1=k.sub.1D√P/[σ]

(22) The thickness of Asti stainless thin-walled steel shell is equal to

(23) $\frac{S_1}{S_2}=\frac{k_{1}D\sqrt{P}/\left[\sigma \right]}{k_{2}d\sqrt{P}/\left[\sigma \right]}=\frac{k_{1}D}{k_{2}d}$
reducing radicals, we find that

(24) $S_2=\frac{S_1{k}_{2}d}{k_{1}D}=\frac{1.0.Math.0.56.Math.60}{0.43.Math.1000}=0.078\mathrm{mm}$

(25) where:

(26) d-cell step of the frame reinforcing lattice of the Asti block,

(27) D-maximum size of the shell of the BSTU block;

(28) Si and S2 respectively are thicknesses of stainless thin-walled steel shells of BST and ASTI;

(29) k1 and k2-coefficients that take into account the method of fixing the edge of the cladding steel shells (Norms of calculation for the strength of equipment and pipelines of nuclear power plants. PNAE G-7-002-86 HM. Moscow, 1989). The formulas for calculating the thickness of the shell ASTI and BTI are taken conservatively in stock, as for a flat bottom working under a small external pressure, which most realistically displays the geometry and modes of operation of the blocks;

(30) Given the thickness of the outer base BSTI equal S1=1.0 mm, k1=0.56 D=1000 mm, k2=0.43, t=60 mm will receive prior strength equal to the thickness of the thin-walled stainless steel shell S2=0.078 mm Taking the thickness of the thin-walled stainless steel shell 0.2 mm, the resulting margin of safety is equal to 2.56, that is, the shell block of ASTI 2.56 times stronger shell BSTI. According to the calculations of bending moments, the factor of safety is even higher since the linear dimensions in the formulas are included in square ratios.

(31) When calculating the weight of Asti blocks, a reinforcing steel grating with a square cell with a step of 60 mm and a grating bar diameter of 2 mm is taken.

(32) The calculated weight of the stainless steel BSTU blocks is 41.7 tons.

(33) The calculated weight of stainless steel Asti blocks is 15.0 tons.

(34) The saving of stainless steel is 26.7 tons.

(35) The weight of the insulation material in both versions is 19.0 tons.

(36) The relative percentage of the share of thermal insulation material in BSTU blocks is 31, 3%, the share of stainless steel is 68.7%.

(37) The relative percentage of the share of thermal insulation material in ASTI blocks is 55.9%, the share of stainless steel is 44.1%.

(38) The saving of stainless steel is 64.0%.

(39) The estimated cost of Asti blocks will be at least two times cheaper.

(40) Considering the use of corrugated steel washers for fastening the reinforcing frame lattice with a facing of thin steel using resistance welding, can be successfully replaced steel reinforcing rod grid on a larger cross-section of the rod, but of equal strength-section of non-metallic material, which will lead to even greater savings stainless steel.