ACTUATING APPARATUS FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE BRAKE

Abstract

An actuating device for a motor vehicle brake may include an actuating device/brake pedal, a pressure supply device driven by an electric motor, a (master) piston-cylinder unit that may be actuated by the actuating device, and which is connected hydraulically with a fluid reservoir, a valve assembly for wheel-specifically adjusting brake pressures and for connecting or disconnecting the wheel brakes to/from the pressure supply device and the piston-cylinder unit, an electronic control unit, and one or more sensor devices that may be used to provide sense various conditions and to provide inputs to the electronic control unit.

Claims

1. An actuating apparatus for a motor vehicle brake, comprising the following components: an actuating device, a pressure supply device, driven by an electric motor drive, a piston-cylinder unit, comprising a main cylinder, that can be actuated using the actuating device, that is connected hydraulically with a hydraulic fluid reservoir, and that forms at least two pressure chambers that are connected with hydraulic brake circuits, a valve assembly including valves arranged to adjust brake pressures in a wheel-specific manner and to disconnect or connect the wheel brakes from or to the pressure supply device and the piston-cylinder unit, an electronic control unit, and one or more sensor devices, respectively having one or more sensors or evaluation elements and a sensor target, configured to sense a movement of a device component, wherein at least one of the one or more sensors or evaluation elements of the sensor device is arranged in the electronic control unit, on a system printed circuit board of the electronic control unit or is connected with the electronic control unit, and wherein one device component is a piston of the piston-cylinder unit or of a brake pedal connected to the piston of the piston-cylinder unit, wherein the movement of the piston of the piston-cylinder unit or of a brake pedal connected to the piston of the piston-cylinder unit is transmitted to the electronic control unit either via a sensor actuating device, wherein at least one sensor target is actuated via a pinion or a device configured to convert the translational movement of the piston of the piston-cylinder unit or of the brake pedal connected to the piston of the piston-cylinder unit into a rotational movement of the target, or via a sensor target connected with the device component and magnetic flux-conducting components based on ferromagnetic materials.

2. The actuating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sensor or evaluation elements of at least one of the one or more sensor devices, or of a group of the one or more sensor devices, are arranged on the system printed circuit board arranged in the electronic control unit.

3. The actuating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least the one or more sensor or evaluation elements of a sensor device of the one or more sensor devices that is relevant in terms of dynamic function with critical reliability and accuracy is/are arranged in the electronic control unit, on the system printed circuit board.

4. The actuating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a sensor device, of the one or more sensor devices, is configured to determine movement travel of a piston of the piston-cylinder unit or of a brake pedal connected to the piston-cylinder unit, wherein at least one sensor target is arranged on the piston, and wherein transmission to the associated sensor or evaluation element of the sensor is effected by means of flux-conducting components.

5. The actuating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a gearing is arranged in a separate housing on or in the motor drive, and a frictional coupling with a target drive is provided.

6. The actuating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a sensor device of the one or more sensor devices is configured to determine motor or rotor movement, wherein at least one sensor target is arranged on the rotor or on an element connected to the rotor, and transmission to the electronic control unit is effected by means of flux-conducting components.

7. The actuating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a sensor device of the one or more sensor devices is configured to determine movement of a level sensor is provided in a float of a reservoir, wherein a sensor target is arranged on a moveable part of the level sensor, and transmission from the sensor target to the sensor or evaluation element is effected by means of flux-conducting components.

8. The actuating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a distance of the sensor target or the flux-conducting components from a respective sensor or evaluation element is less than 5 mm.

9. The actuating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more sensor or evaluation elements is a Hall element, wherein external and protective circuitry of the Hall element is arranged on the system printed circuit board.

10. The actuating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one sensor target is actuated via a pinion.

11. The actuating apparatus according to claim 10, wherein a play compensation is provided on the pinion, having an elastic shaft that in particular has an elastic shaft.

12. The actuating apparatus for a motor vehicle brake according to claim 1, wherein the actuating device has at least a first and a second housing unit, wherein the first housing unit accommodates all pistons of the piston-cylinder unit and the pressure supply unit, and wherein the second housing unit accommodates the valve assembly.

13. The actuating apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the control unit is arranged in a third housing unit that is mounted directly on the second housing unit and is connected with the second housing unit.

14. The actuating apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the motor is connected with the first housing unit or the pressure supply device.

15. The actuating apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the motor of the drive is attached to the first housing unit, wherein a motor axis is oriented at an angle of less than 30 relative to a longitudinal axis of the first housing unit.

16. The actuating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an actuation axis or longitudinal axis of the piston-cylinder unit runs substantially perpendicular to an actuation axis or longitudinal axis of the pressure supply device.

17. The actuating apparatus according to claim 12, wherein a reservoir is arranged at a side of the first housing unit and the second housing unit as well as the electronic control unit and is connected with a suction intake of the pressure supply unit.

18. The actuating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one sensor actuating device is arranged partially in the first or/and the second housing unit and/or a motor housing or is passed through the first and/or the second housing unit and/or the motor housing.

19. The actuating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising redundant pedal travel sensors actuated by means of gear racks, wherein the redundant travel pedal sensors are coupled with a brake pedal via a piston plate.

20. The actuating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pedal travel sensors are configured to detect a translational movement of a brake pedal of the actuating device, wherein the translational movement is converted into a rotational movement of a target, wherein the target is realised as a N/S permanent magnet.

21. The actuating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one sensor actuating device has a device configured to change a direction of movement, perpendicular to an actuation direction.

22. An actuating apparatus for a motor vehicle brake, comprising: an actuating device, a pressure supply device configured to be driven by an electric motor drive, a piston-cylinder unit, comprising a main cylinder, that can be actuated using the actuating device, that is connected hydraulically with a pressure medium reservoir, and that forms at least two pressure chambers that are connected with hydraulic brake circuits, a valve assembly with valves for adjusting brake pressures in a wheel-specific manner and for disconnecting or connecting the wheel brakes from or to the pressure supply device and the piston-cylinder unit and possibly further valves and a valve assembly including valves arranged to adjust brake pressures in a wheel-specific manner and to disconnect or connect the wheel brakes at least from or to the pressure supply device and the piston-cylinder unit, an electronic control unit, and sensors, including pedal travel sensors, wherein at least all sensor elements of the pedal travel sensors are arranged on a system printed circuit board, wherein sensor actuators are arranged in a first housing unit or/and in a second housing unit, and movements of the actuating device and of a rotor of the electric motor drive are transmitted to a sensor target, and wherein an evaluation element of an associated sensor is arranged on a system printed circuit board in the control unit, and wherein the sensor target is actuated via a pinion and/or redundant pedal travel sensors are configured to be actuated by means of gear racks that are coupled with a brake pedal or a piston plate.

23. An actuating apparatus for a motor vehicle brake, comprising the following components: an actuating device, a pressure supply device, driven by an electric motor drive, a piston-cylinder unit, comprising a main cylinder, that can be actuated using the actuating device, that is connected hydraulically with a hydraulic fluid reservoir, and that forms at least two pressure chambers that are connected with hydraulic brake circuits, a valve assembly including valves arranged to adjust brake pressures in a wheel-specific manner and to disconnect or connect the wheel brakes from or to the pressure supply device and the piston-cylinder unit, an electronic control unit, and one or more sensor devices, respectively having one or more sensors or evaluation elements and a sensor target, configured to sense a movement of a device component, wherein at least one of the one or more sensors or evaluation elements of the sensor device is arranged in the electronic control unit, on a system printed circuit board of the electronic control unit or is connected with the electronic control unit, and wherein one device component is a rotor of a motor, (from old claim no. 6) wherein the movement of the motor or rotor is transmitted to the electronic control unit via a sensor target connected with the device component and magnetic flux-conducting components based on ferromagnetic materials.

24. The actuating apparatus according to claim 23, wherein at least one sensor actuating device has a device configured to change a direction of movement, perpendicular to an actuation direction.

25. The actuating apparatus according to claim 23, further comprising a motor housing having an extension for collecting leaking fluid, wherein a sensor configured to detect leaking fluid is provided in the extension.

26. An actuating apparatus for a motor vehicle brake, comprising the following components: an actuating device, a pressure supply device, driven by an electric motor drive, a piston-cylinder unit, comprising a main cylinder, that can be actuated using the actuating device, that is connected hydraulically with a hydraulic fluid reservoir, and that forms at least two pressure chambers that are connected with hydraulic brake circuits, a valve assembly including valves arranged to adjust brake pressures in a wheel-specific manner and to disconnect or connect the wheel brakes from or to the pressure supply device and the piston-cylinder unit, an electronic control unit, and one or more sensor devices, respectively having one or more sensors or evaluation elements and a sensor target, configured to sense a movement of a device component, wherein at least one of the one or more sensors or evaluation elements of the sensor device is arranged in the electronic control unit, on a system printed circuit board of the electronic control unit or is connected with the electronic control unit, and wherein one device component is a level sensor of a reservoir, wherein either the movement of the level sensor is transmitted to the electronic control unit via a sensor target connected with the device component and magnetic flux-conducting components based on ferromagnetic materials, wherein the magnetic-flux of the target is passed via the flux-conducting components to the sensor element which is mounted on the system printed circuit board, or a sensor target is connected with the float in the reservoir, wherein a sensor element which is mounted on the system printed circuit board is arranged to sense the magnetic-flux of the sensor target.

27. The actuating apparatus according to claim 26, wherein at least one sensor actuating device has a device configured to change a direction of movement, perpendicular to an actuation direction.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of the invention, will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there are shown in the drawings embodiments which are presently preferred. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.

[0062] In the drawings:

[0063] FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an actuating device for a brake system for a motor vehicle;

[0064] FIG. 2 shows a view of the brake system from the front, with the subdivision and structure of the main components;

[0065] FIG. 3 shows a motor sensor drive;

[0066] FIG. 4A shows a first part of a pedal travel sensor drive (connecting element to the actuating pedal);

[0067] FIG. 4B shows a second part of a pedal travel sensor drive (connecting element to the target);

[0068] FIGS. 5A-1 and 5A-2 show examples of piston travel measurement;

[0069] FIG. 5B shows a piston travel measurement with a magnet target in the piston and several flux-conducting components/sensor evaluation elements;

[0070] FIG. 5C shows a further piston travel measurement with flux-conducting components;

[0071] FIG. 5D shows a further view of a piston travel measurement according to aspects of this disclosure;

[0072] FIG. 6 shows the position of the level sensor with flux-conducting components;

[0073] FIGS. 7A and 7B show examples of motor sensors with segment sensor and flux-conducting components.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0074] FIG. 1 shows the structuring and interaction of the individual components of a 1-box brake system. The essential components consist of: [0075] brake pedal (BP) [0076] pedal interface (PI) with tandem main cylinder (THZ) [0077] motor (M) with pressure piston [0078] hydraulic block (HCU or GH2) [0079] control unit (ECU) [0080] plug (connection to vehicle's electrical system for supply and communication) [0081] reservoir or compensating tank

[0082] The interaction with the driver takes place starting from the brake pedal, which acts on the TMC piston via the pedal interface. At all times, the pedal travel is measured by means of two sensors housed in the system for this purpose. The displaced volume from the TMC piston passes on into the hydraulic unit (HCU), which contains solenoid valves (MV) and a pressure sensor. All valves and the pressure sensor as well as all sensor connections are connected with the electrical control unit and combined and enclosed in the housing of the electrical control unit. The connected sensors in the ECU include a motor position sensor, two pedal travel sensors, a pressure sensor, a filling level sensor and, optionally, an electrode for leakage flow detection, with a correspondingly small container, which is for example integrated in the HCU or ECU housing. The housing is fixed to the hydraulic unit (HCU) by means of screws. A sealing ring between the two components (HCU and ECU) prevents the penetration of various foreign bodies. The energy supply and the external communication with other control devices is effected via a plug on the brake system. The system also has a pressure supply, which is driven by an electric motor. This pressure supply can take different forms, which are for example described in DE 10 2014 117 726. In order to supply the whole brake system with the necessary brake fluid, a reservoir or supply container is situated on the system.

[0083] FIG. 2 shows one mechanical structure from the brake system described with reference to FIG. 1, starting from the front in the direction of the bulkhead of a vehicle. Beginning from the bottom, the motor (M) is attached to the housing HU1 by means of the mounting 14. The motor drives a pump 11 connected via suction valves 16 with the reservoir (VB). Possible pump designs are described in the patent specifications DE 10 2014 109 628 and DE 10 2014 117 726. The housing GH1, in which moveable pistons are mounted, is integrated on a mounting flange 13 attached to the bulkhead and is accessible from the engine compartment, which makes possible a so-called front-bolted installation. For this purpose, a corresponding recess for the fastening tool needs to be provided on the side of the reservoir or supply container (VB).

[0084] The drive of a sensor target is mounted in the housing GH2; these are illustrated in detail in FIGS. 3 and 4A. The motor rotation angle target can be installed in front of (9a) or behind (9b) the motor and can measure the angular position of the motor. As already described with reference to FIG. 1, the control unit (ECU) is mounted, in a sealed manner, on the housing HU2 with solenoid coils and contacts for all sensors, valves and motor.

[0085] To the side or also to the front there is a connecting element 1 (main plug) with the wiring harness 2 leading to the vehicle's electrical system. Attached on the underside of the motor housing is a housing extension in which the aforementioned electrode for leakage detection is housed. A possible leakage flow is for example conducted from the piston into a bowl on the spindle and downwards through a spindle bore. If the direction of the pedal interface is considered as the axis of rotation, the system can be installed in the vehicle rotated by +/90. Naturally, the position of the brake pedal remains the same; however, the aforementioned collecting container must be rearranged accordingly. Possible positions would be next to the GH1 or even in the ECU.

[0086] Alternatively to the embodiment shown, other conceivable variants of 1-box brake systems exist (for example as described in DE102012213216A1). In this embodiment too, due to the limiting conditions for installation, the motor and pedal stroke or piston travel is arranged in immediate proximity to the PCB of the ECU and a plurality of sensors is to be connected with the ECU. In other words, also in this approach, and in alternative approaches to packaging solutions, the flexible connection of sensor signals via mechanical transmission members or flux-conducting components according to the invention is advantageous and avoids complicated contacting, reduces costs and increases reliability.

[0087] FIG. 3 shows the drive of a motor rotation angle sensor illustrated in FIG. 2. The drive gear wheel 17 is mounted on the shaft in front of or behind the motor. This gear wheel 17 is bevel geared to reduce noise and engages with a drive gear wheel 18, which is pressed onto an anti-rotation lock 20. The shaft is preferably mounted in the housing HU2 in a bearing bush 21. The flexural elasticity provided by the extensive length from the bearing 21 to the gearing 20a is used to ensure that the gear wheel 17 runs without play. On the shaft end nearest the sensor there is a target magnet 23 with a receptacle made of plastic 22, which forms an opposing storage in the housing GH2. The magnet is sensed by means of a sensor element 24 (for example a Hall sensor) on the system printed circuit board 25.

[0088] A gear wheel housing is fixed inside the motor housing that contains the bearings of the drive gear wheel on both sides. The knurled shaft is adequately secured against rotation in the resilient flange of the gear wheel 18, which substantially only needs to withstand the slight bearing friction and moment of inertia during acceleration of the motor. The motor with gear drive can thus also be tested during the final testing of the motor, by plugging a shaft into the measuring device. During the final installation of the assemblies, the shaft 19 with its bearings is fixed in the GH2 and the sensor tested in the assembled state.

[0089] FIG. 4A shows the actuation of the pedal travel sensors. For safety reasons, two pedal travel sensors are used that are used for pedal force measurement via a spring elementsee also the applicant's DE 10 2011 101 655, which will be further addressed and referred to here. Thus, a pedal tappet 27 with a pedal plate 28 is coupled with a piston 31, which acts on a spring element 30. This acts on the piston 31 in order to generate pressure in the main cylinder (THZ) in the pressure chamber 33. In this connection, see the applicant's patent DE 10 2014 117 726, to which reference is made in this respect. This piston 31 is connected with a piston plate 29. In order to actuate the sensor the pedal plate 28 is connected with a first gear rack 26 and a piston plate 29 is connected with a second gear rack 26a. The two gear racks 26, 26a drive a gear wheel each, 24, 34a, as shown in FIG. 4a. The first housing GH1 is fixed in the front wall region with the mounting flange 13.

[0090] FIG. 4B shows a sensor drive for both pedal travel sensors. Gear racks 26 and 26a act on different levels on gear wheels 34 and 34a. The connection to the sensor target very largely corresponds to the motor sensor shown in FIG. 3. Here too, flexurally elastic shafts 19a, 19b are used that are mounted in bearing bushes 21 and 21a and fixed together with the sensor target 22a and with the target 23a (magnet) so as to prevent rotation. The target 23a acts on a sensor element 24a, which is fixed, together with the other sensor elements, on the common system printed circuit board (PCB) 25 in an electrically conductive manner. In line with the proven prior art, the housing 35 of the control unit ECU contains the system printed circuit board (PCB) 25 with all components and the solenoid coils shown in FIG. 2. Due to heat dissipation, the system printed circuit board (PCB) 25 is mounted on an aluminum plate, since the MOSFETs used for the motor control in particular generate heat loss. This can be transferred simply through the aluminum plate, via a thermally conductive strip, to the second housing.

[0091] FIGS. 5A-1 and 5A-2 show examples of an arrangement for measuring a movement of a piston 10, which can also be connected with a brake pedal (BP) and thus also measures the pedal travel. The magnetic flux of a target magnet is passed to the sensor via flux-conducting components 43 or 43b by means of a sensor element 24a, which is mounted on the system printed circuit board 25. The magnets are magnetised differently depending on the arrangement of the magnetic circuit with flux-conducting components. FIGS. 5A-1 and 5A-2 show two different possible arrangements or embodiments. FIG. 5A-1 is based on the change in flux of several magnets 23 of differing polarity and can be measured by means of the sensor element 24a. In contrast, the arrangement shown in FIG. 5A-2 and its travel measurement only require one target magnet; however, the magnetic flux must be conducted through the flux-conducting components in a different way. The back iron 43 and the flux-conducting component 43a are configured such that that with the movement of the magnet in the direction of measurement a N/S polarity can be detected. Depending on the arrangement, the air gap, magnets and flux-conducting components must be designed accordingly in order to guarantee a suitable measurement. Ultimately, the linearisation and the signal processing of the travel measurement can take place either in the sensor elements or in the ECU. In connection with FIG. 5A, FIG. 5D shows a view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5A-2, in the direction indicated by arrow X. The piston 10, flux-conducting components 43, permanent magnets 23 and sensor element 24a are shown in the illustration.

[0092] In terms of construction design, different options exist for minimising the air gap, for example in FIG. 5A-2, gluing or caulking in a recess of the housing 44. The flux-conducting components can be manufactured economically as stamped, pressed or moulded parts. Depending on the requirements in terms of travel and accuracy, different sensor targets can be connected in succession. The signal waveform of the sensor element, for example sinusoidal, is prior art and is not shown separately.

[0093] FIG. 5B shows, in a simplified manner, an alternative for the arrangement of the sensor target 23 and sensor element 24a with flux-conducting components, in that only a single target in the piston 10 with seal 10a activates different sensor elements 24a. The magnetic circuit is described in above.

[0094] FIG. 5C shows an arrangement for pedal travel measurement in which the sensor target 23 is mounted on a separate rod 45 or slider in the housing 44 and is connected with the pedal plate 28. The magnetic circuit is shown in the illustration and, with the target magnet 23, which is connected with the rod or bar 45, has a N-S polarity. The flux is passed via the flux-conducting components 43 and 43b to the sensor element 24a. This arrangement allows constructively optimised housing within the overall packaging of the system independently of the main cylinder piston.

[0095] FIG. 6 illustrates the principle of using flux-conducting components to measure the filling level of the brake fluid reservoir VB. For this purpose, the sensor target is mounted in the float 46, and the magnetic flux is passed via the flux-conducting components 43, 43a, 43b to the sensor element 24a, which is in turn mounted on the system printed circuit board (PCB) 25. In this case the flux-conducting components are injection-moulded into a housing connected with and fixed to the housing unit GH1 or GH2. The sealing of the ECU housing is provided by the seal S.

[0096] FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate the principle of using flux-conducting components to measure the motor position, as an alternative to FIG. 3. The arrangement has a known magnet ring 48 composed of segment magnets on the motor, which is connected with the rotor 47. The magnet ring is sensed with a sensor element 24a and depending on the number of magnet ring segments can measure a certain rotor angle in absolute terms. This application is widely used, this structure having been modified with flux-conducting components. The magnet ring can have a radial arrangement of the poles, as shown in FIG. 7A, or an axial arrangement of the poles, as shown in FIG. 7B. Here, too, the magnetic flux is conducted from the target 23 via flux-conducting components 43, 43a, 43b to the sensor element 24a on the system PCB 25 in the ECU housing. The magnetic circuit can correspond to FIG. 5C, in which the flux-conducting components are arranged in a segment and are mounted in the housing unit 1 or 2. The motor is connected electrically with the system printed circuit board (PCB) 25 via electrical connecting elements 12.

[0097] This sensor concept, in which the sensor element of preferably all the sensors is mounted on the system printed circuit board (PCB) 25, represents an economical solution with a great deal of latitude in terms of constructive design.

[0098] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could be made to the embodiments described above without departing from the broad inventive concept thereof. It is understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but it is intended to cover modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

[0099] 1 connecting element (main plug) [0100] 2 wiring harness [0101] 3 sensor element for pedal travel [0102] 3a actuation target for pedal travel sensor [0103] 4 sensor element for motor rotation [0104] 4a actuation target for motor travel sensor [0105] 5 sensor element for filling level [0106] 5a target for filling level sensor [0107] 6 float in the reservoir [0108] 7 extended motor housing or leak collector [0109] 8 electrode [0110] 9 drive for target actuation of motor encoder in front of the motor rotor [0111] 9a drive for target actuation of motor encoder behind the motor rotor [0112] 10 TMC piston [0113] 10a piston seal [0114] 11 pump or pump piston [0115] 12 electrical connecting element to motor with several cables [0116] 13 flange for mounting on front wall [0117] 14 motor mounting [0118] 15 hydraulic connection to wheel brake [0119] 16 connection to pump suction valve [0120] 17 drive gear wheel [0121] 18 output gear wheel [0122] 19 shaft 1 [0123] 19a/b shaft 2 and 3 [0124] 20 anti-rotation lock (knurl) [0125] 21 bearing bush [0126] 21a bearing bush [0127] 22 target holder [0128] 22a target holder [0129] 23 target (magnet) [0130] 23a target (magnet) [0131] 24 sensor element [0132] 24a sensor element [0133] 25 system printed circuit board PCB [0134] 26 gear rack 1 [0135] 26a gear rack 2 [0136] 27 pedal tappet [0137] 28 pedal plate [0138] 29 piston plate [0139] 30 spring for force-displacement measurement [0140] 31 piston [0141] 32 sealing and bearing bush [0142] 33 pressure chamber for piston [0143] 34 gear wheel 1 [0144] 34a gear wheel 2 [0145] 35 ECU housing [0146] 36 thermally conductive strip [0147] 37 E/E construction units [0148] 38 assemblies, for example air conditioning [0149] 39 front wall [0150] 40 cable compartment [0151] 41 limit stop ring [0152] 42 gear wheel housing [0153] 43 flux-conducting components [0154] 43a back iron flux-conducting component a [0155] 43b ditto b [0156] 44 housing [0157] 45 rod/slider [0158] 46 float [0159] 47 rotor [0160] 48 magnet ring [0161] GH1 first housing unit [0162] GH2 second housing unit [0163] VB brake fluid reservoir [0164] PI pedal interface [0165] MV solenoid valves [0166] LL left-hand drive [0167] RL right-hand drive [0168] PCB circuit board [0169] K.sub.SP magnet coil connection [0170] D seal