Aerated racetrack wetland system for treating wastewater

Abstract

An aerated wetland system used for wastewater treatment is disclosed. The system includes a main frame with an entrance and an output opening. The wastewater is entered into the system with maximum velocity via the entrance and via a racetrack. The racetrack comprises an agitated flow pattern with a plurality of baffles along the longitudinal axis of the racetrack to deflect the wastewater and create turbulent flow into the wastewater. The racetrack further includes at least four intersecting sections. The at least two intersecting sections include washed soils and an aeration system and other two intersecting sections include washed soils and a plurality of wetland plants respectively, thereby subjecting the influent wastewater to anaerobic and aerobic conditions respectively, along the racetrack to effectively purify and treat volatile compounds in the influent wastewater. The outlet opening directs out effluent wastewater from the aerated wetland system via the effluent device.

Claims

1. An aerated wetland system for treating wastewater, comprising: a main frame includes an input opening and an output opening, wherein the input opening is configured to allow influent wastewater into the aerated wetland system via a racetrack; wherein the racetrack comprises; an agitated flow pattern with a plurality of baffles, configured to deflect the influent wastewater and create turbulent flow into the influent wastewater along the racetrack; and at least four intersecting sections with vertexes along a longitudinal axis of the racetrack, wherein at least two intersecting sections include washed soils and an aeration system and other two intersecting sections include washed soils and a plurality of wetland plants, thereby subjecting the influent wastewater to anaerobic and aerobic conditions frequently, along the racetrack to effectively purify and treat volatile and non-volatile compounds in the influent wastewater, and the outlet opening direct out effluent wastewater from the aerated wetland system via an effluent device.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the main frame is made of glass.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the main frame has a thickness ranging from 0.6 cm to 0.8 cm and a height ranging from 20 cm to 23 cm.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the influent wastewater flow speed is high at the input opening of the system to prevent clogging problems using minimum width of wastewater flow path and sand pebbles and gradually decreasing along the racetrack with gradual increase in width of wastewater flow path.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of baffles is further configured to effectively increase oxidation levels in the system and remove volatile compounds within the influent wastewater.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the length of the plurality of baffles ranges from 20 cm to 104 cm.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the aeration system is configured to improve oxygen concentration levels within the influent wastewater.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the aeration system includes one or more aeration tubes or irrigation tubes positioned below the washed soils.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more aeration tubes or irrigation tubes configured to allow the influent wastewater to be in aerobic condition and can cause a reduction in hydraulic detention times of the influent wastewater in non-planting sections of the system to improve the quality of treated influent wastewater.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the washed soils include two kinds of porosity, thereby creating a difference in the velocity rates along the racetrack of the system.

11. The system of claim 1, further comprises one or more blowers positioned in the system, configured to enhance oxygen concentration level within the system.

12. An aerated wetland system for treating oil refinery wastewater, comprising: a main frame includes an entrance and an output opening, wherein the entrance includes sand pebbles, configured to allow the oil refinery wastewater to flow uniformly and with maximum velocity via a racetrack to prevent clogging problems in the aerated wetland system and gradually decreases along the racetrack by increasing the width of wastewater flow path, wherein the racetrack comprises; an agitated flow pattern with a plurality of baffles, configured to deflect the oil refinery wastewater and create turbulent flow into the oil refinery wastewater along the racetrack; at least four intersecting sections with vertexes along a longitudinal axis of the racetrack, wherein at least two intersecting sections include washed soils and an aeration system and other two intersecting sections include washed soils and a plurality of wetland plants, thereby subjecting the oil refinery wastewater to anaerobic and aerobic conditions respectively, along the racetrack to effectively purify and treat volatile and non-volatile compounds in the oil refinery wastewater, and the outlet opening direct out effluent oil refinery wastewater from the aerated wetland system via an effluent device, and one or more blowers positioned in the system, configured to enhance oxygen concentration level within the system.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the main frame is made of glass.

14. The system of claim 12, wherein the main frame has a thickness ranging from 0.6 cm to 0.8 cm and a height ranging from 20 cm to 23 cm.

15. The system of claim 12, wherein the plurality of baffles is further configured to effectively increase oxidation levels in the system and remove volatile compounds within the oil refinery wastewater.

16. The system of claim 12, wherein the length of the plurality of baffles ranges from 20 cm to 104 cm.

17. The system of claim 12, wherein the aeration system is configured to improve oxygen concentration levels within the oil refinery wastewater.

18. The system of claim 12, wherein the aeration system includes one or more aeration tubes or irrigation tubes positioned below the washed soils.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the one or more aeration tubes or irrigation tubes configured to allow the oil refinery wastewater to be in aerobic condition and reduce hydraulic detention times of the oil refinery wastewater in the non-planting sections of the system to improve the quality of treated oil refinery wastewater.

20. The system of claim 12, wherein the washed soils include different porosity and widths of wastewater flow paths thereby creates a difference in the velocity rates along the racetrack of the system.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1A illustrates a graph of the treatment performance of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (mg/L) of the effluent wastewater using the existing wetland systems during at least 3 years are summarized in a prior art according to an embodiment;

(2) FIG. 1B illustrates a graph of the treatment performance of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) (mg/L) of the effluent wastewater using the existing wetland systems during at least 3 years are summarized in the prior art according to one embodiment;

(3) FIG. 1C illustrates a graph of the treatment performance of the total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) (mg/L) of the effluent wastewater using the existing wetland systems during at least 3 years are summarized in the prior art according to one embodiment;

(4) FIG. 1D illustrates a graph of the treatment performance of the ammonium-nitrogen (NH.sub.4..sup.+N) (mg/L) of the effluent wastewater using the existing wetland systems during at least 3 years are summarized in the prior art according to one embodiment;

(5) FIG. 1E illustrates a graph of the treatment performance of the total phosphorus (TP) (mg/L) of the effluent wastewater using the existing wetland systems during at least 3 years are summarized in the prior art according to one embodiment;

(6) FIG. 1F illustrates a graph of the treatment performance of the total phosphates (PO.sub.4.sup.3.P) (mg/L) of the effluent wastewater using the existing wetland systems during at least 3 years are summarized in the prior art according to one embodiment;

(7) FIG. 2 illustrates a sectional view of an existing constructed wetland pilot in the prior art according to one embodiment;

(8) FIG. 3 illustrates a graph represents the treatment performance of the existing wetland system in different phases in the prior art according to one embodiment;

(9) FIG. 4 shows a top and side views of a general theme of an existing constructed wetland in the prior art according to one embodiment;

(10) FIG. 5 shows a top view of an aerated wetland system used for wastewater treatment according to one embodiment;

(11) FIG. 6 shows a top view of the aerated wetland system provided with a racetrack according to one embodiment;

(12) FIGS. 7A-7B shows a top view of a plurality of the baffles of the aerated wetland system according to one embodiment;

(13) FIG. 8 illustrates a graph represents the depth of the wastewater in the aerated wetland system according to one embodiment;

(14) FIG. 9 illustrates a graph represents the velocity of the wastewater in the aerated wetland system according to one embodiment;

(15) FIG. 10 shows a top view of the aerated wetland system includes at least four intersecting sections according to one embodiment;

(16) FIG. 11 shows a top view of the at least four intersecting sections of the aerated wetland system include washed soils, an aeration system, and a plurality of wetland plants according to one embodiment;

(17) FIG. 12 shows a top view of the aerated wetland system comprises one or more aeration tubes or irrigation tubes according to one embodiment;

(18) FIG. 13 illustrates a table represents a plurality of metals with concentrations presented in the influent wastewater according to one embodiment;

(19) FIG. 14 illustrates a table represents a plurality of organic compounds with concentrations presented in the influent wastewater according to one embodiment;

(20) FIG. 15 illustrates a table represents the treatment performance of the system within 1.37-day detention time using at least 4 different statuses or configurations of the system according to one embodiment;

(21) FIG. 16 illustrates a table represents the treatment performance of the system within 3.7-day detention time using at least 4 different statuses or configurations of the system according to one embodiment;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(22) The present invention generally relates to a wastewater treatment system, and more particularly relates to an aerated wetland system for treating industrial wastewater, for example, oil refinery and petroleum industrial wastewater.

(23) A description of embodiments of the present invention will now be given with reference to the figures. It is expected that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.

(24) Referring to FIG. 5, an aerated wetland system 100 used for wastewater treatment. The wastewater could be produced from, for example, but not limited to, oil and petroleum industries. In one embodiment, the system 100 is configured to provide wastewater treatment and allow the influent wastewater to anaerobic and aerobic conditions for effectively removing violate compounds, for example, heavy hydrocarbons and phosphorous from the influent wastewater. The system 100 is used efficiently, effectively, and safely to remove pollutants from the influent wastewater. In one embodiment, the system 100 capable of assisting aeration and solving clogging problems or blockages at an entrance 104 of the system 100. In one embodiment, the system 100 provides different wastewater flow speeds throughout the system 100 for preventing clogging problems.

(25) Referring to FIG. 6, the system 100 comprises a main frame 102 having an inlet opening or an entrance 104 and an outlet opening 106. In one embodiment, the main frame 102 is made of a material, but not limited to, a glass. In one embodiment, the main frame 102 has a thickness ranging from, but not limited to, 0.6 cm to 0.8 cm and a height ranging from, but not limited to, 20 cm to 23 cm. The main frame 102 includes a plurality of connectors or links, which are connected together using bevels and has been set the slope of 3% toward the horizon of each dimension. In one embodiment, the influent wastewater is entered into the system 100 via the entrance 104 of the main frame 102 via a racetrack 110. In one embodiment, the racetrack 110 comprises an agitated flow pattern with a plurality of baffles 112 along the longitudinal axis of the racetrack 110. The plurality of baffles 112 is configured to deflect the influent wastewater and create turbulent flow into the influent wastewater along the racetrack 110 of the system 100. In one embodiment, the system 100 further comprises an effluent device 108, connected to the outlet opening 106 of the system 100. In one embodiment, the effluent device 108 is in fluidly communicate with the outlet passage of the system 100. The effluent device 108 may be used to discharge treated or effluent wastewater from the system to a river or any other suitable area, such as another receiving water body.

(26) Referring to FIGS. 7A-7B, the plurality of baffles 112 is further configured to increase wastewater dissolved oxygen level along the racetrack 110 (shown in FIG. 6) of the system 100. In one embodiment, the plurality of baffles 112 is made with different dimensions and lengths. The plurality of baffles 112 is used to deflect the influent wastewater and create turbulent flow into the influent wastewater, so it effectively removes volatile compounds of the wastewater using the system 100. The plurality of baffles 112 is securely arranged along the racetrack 110 of the system 100 to form a plurality of vertexes. In one embodiment, the plurality of vertexes is formed by intersections at a height of 2.5 cm and adjust the slope of every point to the standard amount of 1% to 3%. The plurality of baffles 112 would be designed to guide the flow of influent wastewater in the system 100. In one embodiment, the plurality of baffles 112 has a length ranges from, but not limited to, 20 cm to 104 cm. The plurality of baffles 112 is arranged on at least four sides of the system 100 to provide an agitated flow pattern or alternated pattern for flowing the influent wastewater along the racetrack 110 of the system 100 under the gravitational force.

(27) Referring to FIG. 8, a graph 122 represents a depth of the influent wastewater into the system 100. In one embodiment, the minimum depth of the wastewater in the system 100 is about, but not limited to, 20 cm. In one embodiment, the distance from the entrance 104 (shown in FIG. 5) of the system 100 to a bottom portion is about, but not limited to, 87 cm. The depth of the wastewater in the system 100 could be varied and the distance from the entrance 104 of the system 100 to a bottom portion also could be varied based on the requirement of a user.

(28) Calculating depth of the sewage flowing through the artificial wetland is given by:

(29) $\mathrm{Depth}\mathrm{Calculation}:-\frac{\mathrm{dH}}{\mathrm{dx}}=\left(\frac{150{\left(1-\mathrm{.Math.}\right)}^2}{g{\mathrm{.Math.}}^3{D}^2}\right)u+\left(\frac{1.75\left(1-\mathrm{.Math.}\right)}{g{\mathrm{.Math.}}^{3}D}\right)u^2$$H=\mathrm{elevation}\mathrm{of}\mathrm{water}\mathrm{surface},m$$\mathrm{.Math.}=\mathrm{porosity},\mathrm{dimensionless}$$D=\mathrm{particle}\mathrm{diameter},m$$=\mathrm{density}\mathrm{of}\mathrm{water},\mathrm{kg}/m^3$$=\mathrm{viscosity}\mathrm{of}\mathrm{water},\mathrm{kg}/m/d$$u=\mathrm{superficial}\mathrm{flow}\mathrm{velocity},m/d$$g=\mathrm{acceleration}\mathrm{of}\mathrm{gravity},m/d^2$

(30) Referring to FIG. 9, the graph 124 represents the velocity of the influent wastewater flow in the system 100. In one embodiment, the velocity of the influent wastewater could be changed along the racetrack 110 of the system 100. The velocity of the influent wastewater could be maximum at the entrance 104 of the system 100 and a minimum at the outlet opening 106 (shown in FIG. 5). The initial highest flow rate (highest velocity) of the influent wastewater could prevent the clogging problems at the entry of the system 100. The velocity of the influent wastewater could be changed based on the porosity of the washed soils presented in the system 100. The experiment has done for reaching the velocity of the wastewater when the influent flow rate is 0.67 m.sup.3/s.

(31) The speed of the flow=Q/n.Math.A

(32) The surface area of the area sewage flows in =A

(33) Porosity of soil=n

(34) The rate of the sewage flow in the system=Q

(35) Referring to FIG. 10, the racetrack 110 of the system 100 includes at least, but not limited to, four intersecting sections. In one embodiment, the racetrack 110 is a base of the system 100. In one embodiment, the at least two intersecting sections (113 and 114) include washed soils and an aeration system and other two intersecting sections (115 and 116) include washed soils and a plurality of wetland plants, thereby subjecting the influent wastewater to anaerobic and aerobic conditions respectively, along the racetrack 110 to effectively purify and treat volatile compounds in the influent wastewater, and the outlet opening 106 direct out effluent wastewater from the aerated wetland system via the effluent device 108. In one embodiment, the racetrack or base 110 of the system 100 includes at least, but not limited to, 3% vertical slope with different widths along the racetrack 110.

(36) The different widths of the racetrack 110 provide different speeds for the influent wastewater within the system 100. The influent wastewater experiences aerated and non-aerated wetland conditions on the alternated pattern as it flows through the system 100 under the gravitational force. In one embodiment, the influent wastewater circulates into the system 100 between theses anaerobic and aerobic conditions as periodically pattern, respectively, but not limited to, 12 times. In one embodiment, the influent wastewater would be in two different environments periodically pattern. The two different environments include at least one specific environment created by wetland plants, and the other specific environment created by aeration tubes beneath the soil without wetland plants.

(37) Referring to FIG. 11, the at least two intersecting sections (113 and 114) include washed soils and an aeration system. In one embodiment, the aeration system is disposed within the washed soils. The aeration system is configured to improve oxygen concentration levels within the influent wastewater in the system 100. In one embodiment, the other two intersecting sections (115 and 116) include washed soils and a plurality of wetland plants. In one embodiment, the wetland plants could be Cyperus alternifolius. In one embodiment, the washed soils include different characteristics and porosities. The different porosities of the washed soils could change the flow speed or velocity of the influent wastewater along the racetrack 110 of the system 100. In one embodiment, two kind of soil with porosities of 0.48 and 0.3 that causes sudden changes of speed. In one embodiment, the one intersecting section of the system 100 includes a clay soil. In one embodiment, the system 100 further comprises sand pebbles 118. The sand pebbles 118 could be stones, positioned at the entrance 104 of the system 100 to improve the flow speed of the influent wastewater at the entrance 104. The maximum speed of the influent wastewater at the entrance 104 could reduce clogging problems.

(38) Referring to FIG. 12, the aeration system includes one or more aeration tubes or irrigation tubes 120 positioned below the washed soils. The aeration tubes or irrigation tubes 120 are configured to discharge and constantly distribute air along the racetrack 110 in the system 100. This will reduce hydraulic detention times of the influent wastewater in the system 100 and improve the quality of treated wastewater. At first, the speed of the wastewater flow would be maximized, so wastewater would subject anaerobic condition or situation, then the wastewater flow would enter a part of system 100 and it is subjected to aerobic condition using the aeration tubes 120, thereby the influent wastewater effectively subject to anaerobic and aerobic conditions along the racetrack 110 of the system 100 for efficiently purify the wastewaters.

(39) In one embodiment, the system 100 further comprises one or more blowers, configured to enhance the oxygen concentration levels along the racetrack 110 and within the system 100. In one embodiment, the wetland plants are used without the aeration systems under the soils, had a great effect for treating pollutions from the oil refinery wastewaters. The process of combining aerobic and anaerobic conditions into the system 100 and periodic flows in these aerobic and anaerobic conditions lead to gain an efficient way to treat the oil refinery wastewater.

(40) The system 100 could be designed with at least 4 different configurations to improve the removal percentages of the metals and compounds from the influent wastewater. In one embodiment, the system 100 could be designed with soils. In another embodiment, the system 100 could be designed with soils and an internal aeration system. In another embodiment, the system 100 could be designed with only soils and plants (vegetation). In some embodiments, the system 100 could be designed with soils, plants (vegetation), and the aeration system.

(41) Referring to FIG. 13, the table 126 shows a plurality of metals with concentrations presented in the influent wastewater. In an exemplary embodiment, the wastewater could be produced from an oil refinery. In one embodiment, the plurality of metals with an average concentration presented in the wastewater include, but not limited to, aluminum (Al) in a concentration of about 300 g/L, arsenic (As) in a concentration of about 4.37 g/L, cerium (Ce) in a concentration of about 1 g/L, chromium (Cr) in a concentration of about 6.19 g/L, copper (Cu) in a concentration of about 30.58 g/L, iron (Fe) in a concentration of about 3580 g/L, potassium (K) in a concentration of about 6510 g/L, lithium (Li) in a concentration of about 34.62 g/L, magnesium (Mg) in a concentration of about 27900 g/L, manganese (Mn) in a concentration of about 130 g/L, molybdenum (Mo) in a concentration of about 22.29 g/L, nickel (Ni) in a concentration of about 52.96 g/L, phosphorus (P) in a concentration of about 860 g/L, scandium (Sc) in a concentration of about 18.53 g/L, selenium (Se) in a concentration of about 14.27 g/L, silicon (Si) in a concentration of about 10190 g/L, tin (Sn) in a concentration of about 1.57 g/L, strontium (Sr) in a concentration of about 2480 g/L, tantalum (Ta) in a concentration of about 0.25 g/L, thorium (Th) in a concentration of about 1.05 g/L, vanadium (V) in a concentration of about 101 g/L, tungsten (W) in a concentration of about 2.28 g/L, zinc (Zn) in a concentration of about 12820 g/L, and lead (Pb) in a concentration of about 62 g/L are summarized in the table 126.

(42) Referring to FIG. 14, the table 128 shows a plurality of organic compounds with concentrations presented in the influent wastewater. In one embodiment, the plurality of organic compounds with an average concentration presented in the influent wastewater include, but not limited to, phenol in a concentration of about 638 g/L, nitrate (NO.sub.3) in a concentration of about 18000 g/L, ammonium (NH.sub.4) in a concentration of about 31000 g/L, and phosphate (PO.sub.4) in a concentration of about 20600 g/L are summarized in the table 128.

(43) Referring to FIG. 15, the table 130 shows the treatment performance of the system 100. The system 100 effectively treat and purify the metals and compounds presented in the influent wastewater within 1.37-day detention time using at least 4 different statuses or configurations of the system 100 are summarized in the table 130. The removal percentages of the metals and compounds using only soils within the system 100 include, aluminum (Al) reduction of about 63%, arsenic (As) reduction of about 44%, cerium (Ce) reduction of about 90%, chromium (Cr) reduction of about 84%, copper (Cu) reduction of about 75%, iron (Fe) reduction of about 98%, potassium (K) reduction of about 47%, lithium (Li) reduction of about 41%, magnesium (Mg) reduction of about 20%, manganese (Mn) reduction of about 38%, molybdenum (Mo) reduction of about 58%, nickel (Ni) reduction of about 70%, phosphorus (P) reduction of about 97%, scandium (Sc) reduction of about 77%, selenium (Se) reduction of about 37%, silicon (Si) reduction of about 15%, tin (Sn) reduction of about 13%, strontium (Sr) reduction of about 44%, tantalum (Ta) reduction of about 48%, thorium (Th) reduction of about 91%, vanadium (V) reduction of about 97%, tungsten (W) reduction of about 70%, zinc (Zn) reduction of about 99%, lead (Pb) reduction of about 97%, phenol reduction of about 99%, nitrate (NO.sub.3) reduction of about 33%, ammonium (NH.sub.4N) reduction of about 64%, and phosphate (PO.sub.4) reduction of about 0%.

(44) The removal percentages of the metals and compounds using only soils and the aeration system within the system 100 include, aluminum (Al) reduction of about 65%, arsenic (As) reduction of about 51%, cerium (Ce) reduction of about 74%, chromium (Cr) reduction of about 75%, copper (Cu) reduction of about 61%, iron (Fe) reduction of about 96%, potassium (K) reduction of about 37%, lithium (Li) reduction of about 23%, magnesium (Mg) reduction of about 3%, manganese (Mn) reduction of about 77%, molybdenum (Mo) reduction of about 42%, nickel (Ni) reduction of about 73%, phosphorus (P) reduction of about 97%, scandium (Sc) reduction of about 80%, selenium (Se) reduction of about 38%, silicon (Si) reduction of about 21%, tin (Sn) reduction of about 5%, strontium (Sr) reduction of about 31%, tantalum (Ta) reduction of about 32%, thorium (Th) reduction of about 90%, vanadium (V) reduction of about 96%, tungsten (W) reduction of about 41%, zinc (Zn) reduction of about 99%, lead (Pb) reduction of about 97%, phenol reduction of about 100%, nitrate (NO.sub.3) reduction of about 23%, ammonium (NH.sub.4N) reduction of about 100%, and phosphate (PO.sub.4) reduction of about 0%.

(45) The removal percentages of the metals and compounds using only soils and the plurality of plants (vegetation) within the system 100 include, aluminum (Al) reduction of about 67%, arsenic (As) reduction of about 49%, cerium (Ce) reduction of about 95%, chromium (Cr) reduction of about 92%, copper (Cu) reduction of about 80%, iron (Fe) reduction of about 98%, potassium (K) reduction of about 71%, lithium (Li) reduction of about 38%, magnesium (Mg) reduction of about 21%, manganese (Mn) reduction of about 38%, molybdenum (Mo) reduction of about 79%, nickel (Ni) reduction of about 70%, phosphorus (P) reduction of about 99%, scandium (Sc) reduction of about 84%, selenium (Se) reduction of about 54%, silicon (Si) reduction of about 37%, tin (Sn) reduction of about 59%, strontium (Sr) reduction of about 40%, tantalum (Ta) reduction of about 56%, thorium (Th) reduction of about 94%, vanadium (V) reduction of about 97%, tungsten (W) reduction of about 83%, zinc (Zn) reduction of about 99%, lead (Pb) reduction of about 99%, phenol reduction of about 100%, nitrate (NO.sub.3) reduction of about 54%, ammonium (NH.sub.4N) reduction of about 100%, and phosphate (PO.sub.4) reduction of about 95%.

(46) The removal percentages of the metals and compounds using only soils, the plurality of plants (vegetation), and the aeration system within the system 100 include, aluminum (Al) reduction of about 73% and mass loading of about 2.20 g/m.sup.2-yr, arsenic (As) reduction of about 51% and mass loading of about 0.03 g/m.sup.2-yr, cerium (Ce) reduction of about 95% and mass loading of about 0.01 g/m.sup.2-yr, chromium (Cr) reduction of about 90% and mass loading of about 0.05 g/m.sup.2-yr, copper (Cu) reduction of about 74% and mass loading of about 0.22 g/m.sup.2-yr, iron (Fe) reduction of about 96% and mass loading of about 26 g/m.sup.2-yr, potassium (K) reduction of about 68% and mass loading of about 48 g/m.sup.2-yr, lithium (Li) reduction of about 27% and mass loading of about 0.25 g/m.sup.2-yr, magnesium (Mg) reduction of about 18% and mass loading of about 205 g/m.sup.2-yr, manganese (Mn) reduction of about 81% and mass loading of about 0.95 g/m.sup.2-yr, molybdenum (Mo) reduction of about 70% and mass loading of about 0.16 g/m.sup.2-yr, nickel (Ni) reduction of about 85% and mass loading of about 0.39 g/m.sup.2-yr, phosphorus (P) reduction of about 99% and mass loading of about 6.31 g/m.sup.2-yr, scandium (Sc) reduction of about 90% and mass loading of about 0.14 g/m.sup.2-yr, selenium (Se) reduction of about 50% and mass loading of about 0.10 g/m.sup.2-yr, silicon (Si) reduction of about 31% and mass loading of about 75 g/m.sup.2-yr, tin (Sn) reduction of about 38% and mass loading of about 0.01 g/m.sup.2-yr, strontium (Sr) reduction of about 18% and mass loading of about 18 g/m.sup.2-yr, tantalum (Ta) reduction of about 36% and mass loading of about 0.00 g/m.sup.2-yr, thorium (Th) reduction of about 93% and mass loading of about 0.01 g/m.sup.2-yr, vanadium (V) reduction of about 98% and mass loading of about 0.74 g/m.sup.2-yr, tungsten (W) reduction of about 63% and mass loading of about 0.02 g/m.sup.2-yr, zinc (Zn) reduction of about 99% and mass loading of about 94 g/m.sup.2-yr, lead (Pb) reduction of about 98% and mass loading of about 0.46 g/m.sup.2-yr, phenol reduction of about 100% and mass loading of about 4.68 g/m.sup.2-yr, nitrate (NO.sub.3) reduction of about 49% and mass loading of about 132 g/m.sup.2-yr, ammonium (NH.sub.4N) reduction of about 100% and mass loading of about 228 g/m.sup.2-yr, and phosphate (PO.sub.4) reduction of about 95% and mass loading of about 151 g/m.sup.2-yr are summarized in the table 130.

(47) Referring to FIG. 16, the table 132 shows the treatment performance of the system 100. The system 100 effectively treat and purify the metals and compounds presented in the influent wastewater within 3.7-day detention time using at least 4 different statuses or configurations of the system 100 are summarized in the table 132. The removal percentages of the metals and compounds using only soils within the system 100 include, aluminum (Al) reduction of about 49%, arsenic (As) reduction of about 27%, cerium (Ce) reduction of about 88%, chromium (Cr) reduction of about 63%, copper (Cu) reduction of about 75%, iron (Fe) reduction of about 97%, potassium (K) reduction of about 69%, lithium (Li) reduction of about 60%, magnesium (Mg) reduction of about 45%, manganese (Mn) reduction of about 77%, molybdenum (Mo) reduction of about 67%, nickel (Ni) reduction of about 77%, phosphorus (P) reduction of about 98%, scandium (Sc) reduction of about 77%, selenium (Se) reduction of about 62%, silicon (Si) reduction of about 21%, tin (Sn) reduction of about 38%, strontium (Sr) reduction of about 64%, tantalum (Ta) reduction of about 20%, thorium (Th) reduction of about 91%, vanadium (V) reduction of about 96%, tungsten (W) reduction of about 65%, zinc (Zn) reduction of about 100%, lead (Pb) reduction of about 96%, phenol reduction of about 99%, nitrate (NO.sub.3N) reduction of about 8%, ammonium (NH.sub.4N) reduction of about 44%, and phosphate (PO.sub.4P) reduction of about 0%.

(48) The removal percentages of the metals and compounds using only soils and the aeration system within the system 100 include, aluminum (Al) reduction of about 60%, arsenic (As) reduction of about 34%, cerium (Ce) reduction of about 87%, chromium (Cr) reduction of about 60%, copper (Cu) reduction of about 61%, iron (Fe) reduction of about 97%, potassium (K) reduction of about 37%, lithium (Li) reduction of about 13%, magnesium (Mg) reduction of about 28%, manganese (Mn) reduction of about 92%, molybdenum (Mo) reduction of about 17%, nickel (Ni) reduction of about 78%, phosphorus (P) reduction of about 98%, scandium (Sc) reduction of about 79%, selenium (Se) reduction of about 59%, silicon (Si) reduction of about 21%, tin (Sn) reduction of about 2%, strontium (Sr) reduction of about 14%, tantalum (Ta) reduction of about 4%, thorium (Th) reduction of about 90%, vanadium (V) reduction of about 97%, tungsten (W) reduction of about 65%, zinc (Zn) reduction of about 99%, lead (Pb) reduction of about 96%, phenol reduction of about 99%, nitrate (NO.sub.3) reduction of about 4%, ammonium (NH.sub.4N) reduction of about 100%, and phosphate (PO.sub.4) reduction of about 0%.

(49) The removal percentages of the metals and compounds using only soils and the plurality of plants (vegetation) within the system 100 include, aluminum (Al) reduction of about 64%, arsenic (As) reduction of about 29%, cerium (Ce) reduction of about 95%, chromium (Cr) reduction of about 92%, copper (Cu) reduction of about 80%, iron (Fe) reduction of about 98%, potassium (K) reduction of about 70%, lithium (Li) reduction of about 44%, magnesium (Mg) reduction of about 48%, manganese (Mn) reduction of about 70%, molybdenum (Mo) reduction of about 73%, nickel (Ni) reduction of about 76%, phosphorus (P) reduction of about 99%, scandium (Sc) reduction of about 77%, selenium (Se) reduction of about 75%, silicon (Si) reduction of about 31%, tin (Sn) reduction of about 54%, strontium (Sr) reduction of about 60%, tantalum (Ta) reduction of about 76%, thorium (Th) reduction of about 93%, vanadium (V) reduction of about 97%, tungsten (W) reduction of about 65%, zinc (Zn) reduction of about 99%, lead (Pb) reduction of about 98%, phenol reduction of about 97%, nitrate (NO.sub.3) reduction of about 94%, ammonium (NH.sub.4N) reduction of about 79%, and phosphate (PO.sub.4) reduction of about 96%.

(50) The removal percentages of the metals and compounds using only soils, the plurality of plants (vegetation), and the aeration system within the system 100 include, aluminum (Al) reduction of about 70% and mass loading of about 7.38 g/m.sup.2-yr, arsenic (As) reduction of about 79% and mass loading of about 0.11 g/m.sup.2-yr, cerium (Ce) reduction of about 95% and mass loading of about 0.02 g/m.sup.2-yr, chromium (Cr) reduction of about 90% and mass loading of about 0.15 g/m.sup.2-yr, copper (Cu) reduction of about 74% and mass loading of about 0.75 g/m.sup.2-yr, iron (Fe) reduction of about 96% and mass loading of about 88 g/m.sup.2-yr, potassium (K) reduction of about 88% and mass loading of about 160 g/m.sup.2-yr, lithium (Li) reduction of about 38% and mass loading of about 0.85 g/m.sup.2-yr, magnesium (Mg) reduction of about 45% and mass loading of about 686 g/m.sup.2-yr, manganese (Mn) reduction of about 92% and mass loading of about 3.20 g/m.sup.2-yr, molybdenum (Mo) reduction of about 70% and mass loading of about 0.55 g/m.sup.2-yr, nickel (Ni) reduction of about 74% and mass loading of about 1.30 g/m.sup.2-yr, phosphorus (P) reduction of about 99% and mass loading of about 21 g/m.sup.2-yr, scandium (Sc) reduction of about 81% and mass loading of about 0.46 g/m.sup.2-yr, selenium (Se) reduction of about 75% and mass loading of about 0.35 g/m.sup.2-yr, silicon (Si) reduction of about 31% and mass loading of about 251 g/m.sup.2-yr, tin (Sn) reduction of about 18% and mass loading of about 0.04 g/m.sup.2-yr, strontium (Sr) reduction of about 37% and mass loading of about 61 g/m.sup.2-yr, tantalum (Ta) reduction of about 68% and mass loading of about 0.01 g/m.sup.2-yr, thorium (Th) reduction of about 92% and mass loading of about 0.03 g/m.sup.2-yr, vanadium (V) reduction of about 97% and mass loading of about 2.48 g/m.sup.2-yr, tungsten (W) reduction of about 65% and mass loading of about 0.06 g/m.sup.2-yr, zinc (Zn) reduction of about 99% and mass loading of about 1.52 g/m.sup.2-yr, lead (Pb) reduction of about 98% and mass loading of about 1.52 g/m.sup.2-yr, phenol reduction of about 100% and mass loading of about 4.68 g/m.sup.2-yr, nitrate (NO.sub.3N) reduction of about 87% and mass loading of about 132 g/m.sup.2-yr, ammonium (NH.sub.4N) reduction of about 100% and mass loading of about 228 g/m.sup.2-yr, and phosphate (PO.sub.4) reduction of about 96% and mass loading of about 151 g/m.sup.2-yr are summarized in the table 132.

(51) The advantages of the present invention are disclosed as follows. The system 100 effectively remove the plurality of metals and compounds presented in the influent wastewater produced from oil refinery or petroleum industries. The treated wastewater conveniently return to the refinery process or filling underground water. The system 100 is configured to allow the influent wastewater at maximum speed at the entrance 104, so it prevents clogging problems in the system 100. The system 100 is designed with at least 4 different configurations to improve the removal percentages of the metals and compounds from the influent wastewater.

(52) In one embodiment, the system 100 has been designed to treat petroleum oil refinery wastewaters, in a way that not only it improves the environmental condition of the area, but it produces a design to have a better function from the existing systems in the refinery. The system 100 produces a design that solves the common problem of existing wetlands that have the weakness of treating compounds which continuously need an aerobic and anaerobic cycles. The system 100 also can help to solve the main problem of wetland which is sudden reduction in the volume of the cavities existing in soil that are due to the instructional features of the racetrack wetland. The system 100 is convenient, practicability, high efficiency, economical, and prevent environmental contamination. The system 100 is more flexible to treat and purify any kind of sewage that are produced from, but not limited to, hospitals, small industries, urban sewages, and mines.

(53) The foregoing description comprise illustrative embodiments of the present invention. Having thus described exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted by those skilled in the art that the within disclosures are exemplary only, and that various other alternatives, adaptations, and modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention. Merely listing or numbering the steps of a method in a certain order does not constitute any limitation on the order of the steps of that method. Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which this invention pertains having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions. Although specific terms may be employed herein, they are used only in generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments illustrated herein. While the above is a complete description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, various alternatives, modifications, and equivalents may be used. Therefore, the above description and the examples should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.