Rodenticide binding system

Abstract

In some embodiments, a composition and/or method may include a rodenticide binding system formulated for safe and effective mixture into various feed rations which are fed to monogastric and ruminant animals such as poultry, swine, cows, cattle, and fish, among others. The rodenticide binding system includes novel combinations of one or more of an organoclay, an activated hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate clay, and a synthetic hectorite clay. In some embodiments, the binding composition may include organoclay, bentonite, hectorite, Leonardite, and/or any combination thereof. The toxin binding complex may effectively bind some pesticides (e.g., rodenticides) in the animal's digestive system, preventing their absorption and the consequent damages to the animal.

Claims

1. A method of ameliorating a malady associated with a rodenticide, comprising: combining a composition with an animal feed, wherein the composition comprises: an organoclay; bentonite; hectorite; and humic acid; providing the animal feed to an animal for consumption by the animal, wherein the composition binds at least one rodenticide associated with the animal after consumption of the animal feed by the animal, wherein the at least one rodenticide comprises Brodifacoum, Bromadiolon, Coumatetralyl, Difenacoum, Flocoumafen, or Warfarin.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the animal comprises a monogastric animals and/or ruminant animals.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition binds at least one rodenticide associated with the animal after consumption of the animal feed by the animal with a greater than 90% efficiency.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the bentonite comprises between about 50% and about 75% of the composition.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the organoclay comprises between about 20% and about 40% of the composition.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the hectorite comprises between about 0.5% and about 5.0% of the composition.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the hectorite comprises between about 0.5% and about 5.0% of the composition.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the humic acid is provided by Leonardite.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Definitions

(1) Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

(2) The term bentonite as used herein generally refers to an absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite.

(3) The term connected as used herein generally refers to pieces which may be joined or linked together.

(4) The term coupled as used herein generally refers to pieces which may be used operatively with each other, or joined or linked together, with or without one or more intervening members.

(5) The term directly as used herein generally refers to one structure in physical contact with another structure, or, when used in reference to a procedure, means that one process effects another process or structure without the involvement of an intermediate step or component.

(6) The term hectorite as used herein generally refers to a rare soft, greasy, white clay mineral with a chemical formula of Na.sub.0.3(Mg,Li).sub.3Si.sub.4O.sub.10(OH).sub.2.

(7) The term humic acid as used herein generally refers to a principal component of humic substances, which are the major organic constituents of soil (humus), peat and coal. It is also a major organic constituent of many upland streams, dystrophic lakes, and ocean water. It is produced by biodegradation of dead organic matter. It is not a single acid; rather, it is a complex mixture of many different acids containing carboxyl and phenolate groups so that the mixture behaves functionally as a dibasic acid or, occasionally, as a tribasic acid.

(8) The term monogastric as used herein generally refers to an animal having a simple single-chambered stomach.

(9) The term mycotoxin as used herein generally refers to a toxic secondary metabolite produced by organisms of the fungi kingdom, commonly known as molds.

(10) The term organoclay as used herein generally refers to an organically modified clay (e.g., an organically modified phyllosilicate), derived from a naturally occurring clay mineral. By exchanging the original interlayer cations for organocations an organophilic surface is generated, consisting of covalently linked organic moieties.

(11) The term rodenticide as used herein generally refers to pest control chemicals made and sold for the purpose of killing rodents and other related pests.

(12) The term ruminant as used herein generally refers to mammals that are able to acquire nutrients from plant-based food by fermenting it in a specialized stomach compartment (rumen) prior to digestion, principally through microbial actions.

(13) As previously indicated, the compositions are directed to a rodenticide binding composition. More in particular, the present rodenticide binding composition may be formulated for mixture into animal feed which are used as a food source for farming/raising of monogastric and ruminal animals including, but in no manner limited to, poultry, swine, dairy and beef cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and fish. As previously stated, rodenticide contamination can occur, for example, when animals consume dead rats (which have died due to the rodenticide) or they are eating the rat droppings which may contain the rodenticides. Pesticides could also be found in feedstuffs.

(14) In some embodiments, a pesticide (e.g., rodenticide) binding system may include an organoclay. Organoclay may include an organically modified phyllosilicate, derived from a naturally occurring clay mineral. By exchanging the original interlayer cations for organocations an organophilic surface may be generated, capable of binding a wider range of toxins than the original clay, including but not limited to, rodenticides, such as derive from pesticides.

(15) In another embodiment of the present invention, a rodenticide binding system may include an aluminosilicate clay. In at least one embodiment, the aluminosilicate clay may include a sodium calcium aluminosilicate clay. In some embodiments, a rodenticide binding system may include a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate clay, and in one embodiment, an activated hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate clay. Bentonite may be included as an example of an aluminosilicate clay.

(16) As will be appreciated by those of skill in the art, both organoclay and activated hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate clay are lipophilic, and will bind fats, oils, and other lipids. Organoclays and sodium calcium aluminosilicate clays have been utilized as an additive in animal feeds and have been found to be effective in binding with rodenticide in the gastrointestinal tract of animals including but not limited to poultry, swine, cows, cattle, and fish. The rodenticide binding system has been found to be effective in binding pesticides and certain rodenticides which could find their way into the gastrointestinal tract of animals. In some embodiments, neither organoclay nor activated hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate clay bind beneficial constituents inherent within or added to animal feeds, such as, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, antibiotics, pigments, coccidiostats, etc.

(17) In at least one embodiment, a rodenticide binding system may include an amount of a hydrophilic clay. In one embodiment, the present system may include an amount of a synthetic hectorite clay, such as is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 3,586,478, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. A synthetic hectorite clay may be readily dispersible in water or other aqueous solvents. In some embodiments, the composition may include naturally occurring hectorite.

(18) As such, a rodenticide binding system may include a combination of both a lipophilic clay, namely, organoclay and/or sodium calcium aluminosilicate, and a hydrophilic clay (e.g., a synthetic hectorite clay). Therefore, the rodenticide binding system may be effective in binding certain pesticides such as rodenticides present in the animal's gastrointestinal tract, such as via contaminated animal feed or rodent carcasses. A rodenticide binding system may be effective in binding rodenticide, such as, by way of example only, Brodifacoum, Bromadiolon, Coumatetralyl, Difenacoum, Flocoumafen, and/or Warfarin. In some embodiments, the rodenticide binding system may bind to the rodenticides Brodifacoum, Bromadiolon, Coumatetralyl, Difenacoum, Flocoumafen, and/or Warfarin with a greater than 80%, 90%, or 95% efficiency. In some embodiments, the rodenticide binding system may bind to the rodenticides Brodifacoum, Bromadiolon, Coumatetralyl, Difenacoum, Flocoumafen, and/or Warfarin with a greater than 90% efficiency. In some embodiments, the rodenticide binding system may bind to the rodenticides Brodifacoum, Bromadiolon, Coumatetralyl, Difenacoum, Flocoumafen, and Warfarin with a greater than 90% efficiency. In some embodiments, the rodenticide binding system may bind to the rodenticides Coumatetralyl with a greater than 90%, 95%, or 99% efficiency. Efficiency (%) is generally defined herein as the % adsorption minus the % desorption of the rodenticide to the composition. In some embodiments, the rodenticide binding system may bind to the rodenticides Brodifacoum, Bromadiolon, Coumatetralyl, Difenacoum, Flocoumafen, and/or Warfarin with a greater than 80%, 90%, or 95% adsorption rate. In some embodiments, the rodenticide binding system may bind to the rodenticides Brodifacoum, Bromadiolon, Coumatetralyl, Difenacoum, Flocoumafen, and Warfarin with a greater than 80%, 90%, or 95% adsorption rate.

(19) An effective rodenticide adsorbent may diminish or prevent the adsorption of rodenticide at the intestinal level and reduce ailments associated with the rodenticide and/or transmission of the rodenticide down the food chain. In some embodiments, the rodenticide binding system may be effective in binding other types of pesticides also present in the gastrointestinal track of the animal via contaminated feedstuffs, contaminated animals and/or feces. In some embodiments, binding systems described herein bind the rodenticides. The bound rodenticides may then be passed through the animal (e.g., in the feces), not allowing the poison to remain in the animal and cause damage and/or accumulate in the meat.

(20) In some embodiments, a rodenticide binding system may include one or more humic acids. In some embodiments, humic acids may be hydrophilic. The humic acid may form between about 0.5% and about 5.0% of the binding composition. In some embodiments, humic acid may be provided by Leonardite. The term humic acid is a generic name. Leonardite comes only from the states of Wyoming, North and South Dakota.

(21) In some embodiments, a rodenticide binding system may include one or more types of bentonite. In some embodiments, bentonite may bind one or more rodenticides. The different types of bentonite are each named after the respective dominant element, such as potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), and aluminium (Al). Bentonite usually forms from weathering of volcanic ash, most often in the presence of water. For industrial purposes, two main classes of bentonite exist: sodium and calcium bentonite. The bentonite may form between about 50% and about 75% of the binding composition.

(22) In some embodiments, any number of the components discussed herein may be combined to form a rodenticide binding system. By combining multiple components discussed herein into a single composition, a composition which binds rodenticides better than the individual components may be achieved. In some embodiments, the binding composition may include organoclay, bentonite, hectorite, humic acid (e.g., Leonardite), and/or any combination thereof.

(23) In some embodiments, the bentonite may form between about 50% and about 75% of the binding composition. In some embodiments, the hectorite may form between about 0.5% and about 5.0% of the binding composition. In some embodiments, the organoclay may form between about 20% and about 40% of the binding composition. In some embodiments, the humic acid (e.g., Leonardite) may form between about 0.5% and about 5.0% of the binding composition.

(24) In some embodiments, a toxin binding system as described in Publication No. US-2016-0339056-A1 entitled Toxin Binding System to Tamames III and published on Nov. 24, 2016, incorporated by reference herein, may bind to toxins Aflatoxin, Fumonisin, Ochratoxin, and Zearalenone with an Efficiency of at least 90%, 70%, 90%, and 90% respectively. In some embodiments, a toxin binding system as described in Publication No. US-2016-0339056-A1 may bind to toxins Aflatoxin, Fumonisin, Ochratoxin, and Zearalenone with an Efficiency of at least 95%, 70%, 90%, and 95% respectively. In some embodiments, a toxin binding system as described in Publication No. US-2016-0339056-A1 may bind to toxins Aflatoxin, Fumonisin, Ochratoxin, and Zearalenone with an Efficiency of at least 99%, 70%, 93%, and 98% respectively.

EXAMPLES

(25) Having now described the invention, the same will be more readily understood through reference to the following example(s), which are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Example 1: Rodenticide Absorbent Sample DescriptionMYCO-AD A-Z (COBIND A-Z-TOXFREE-MYCO-AD Z-T) 1 Apr. 2016 16D01FZX

(26) The organoclay may be formed from 64% original bentonite (e.g., about 64%) and surfactant used to modify the original clay surface. The results of these tests are performed under ambient temperature and humidity. These results relate only to the samples tested.

(27) TABLE-US-00001 Brodifacoum Bromadiolon Coumatetralyl Difenacoum Flocoumafen Warfarin % Adsorption 99.2 100.0 99.8 98.8 91.0 98.2 99.0 100.0 99.8 99.5 91.9 98.1 99.6 100.0 99.7 99.3 91.0 98.1 % Adsorption 99.3 100.0 99.8 99.2 91.3 98.1 Average % Desorption 0.3 0.0 1.6 0.2 0.0 0.9 0.4 0.0 1.7 0.1 0.0 1.1 0.3 0.0 1.6 0.1 0.0 1.1 % Desorption 0.3 0.0 1.6 0.1 0.0 1.0 Average % Efficiency 99.0 100.0 98.2 99.1 91.3 97.1
Inclusion Rate: 0.5 kg/ton
Rodenticide Concentration: 5000 ppb
Adsorption pH: 4
Desorption pH: 6.5

Example 2: Rodenticide Absorbent Sample DescriptionMYCO-AD A-Z (COBIND A-Z-TOXFREE-MYCO-AD Z-T) 1 Apr. 2016 16D01FZX

(28) The organoclay may be formed from 64% original bentonite (e.g., about 64%) and surfactant used to modify the original clay surface. The results of these tests are performed under ambient temperature and humidity. These results relate only to the samples tested.

(29) TABLE-US-00002 Brodifacoum Bromadiolon Coumatetralyl Difenacoum Flocoumafen Warfarin % Adsorption 99.5 100.0 100.0 99.5 98.2 99.1 99.6 100.0 100.0 99.5 98.8 99.3 99.3 100.0 100.0 99.5 98.2 99.2 % Adsorption 99.5 100.0 100.0 99.5 98.4 99.2 Average % Desorption 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.3 % Desorption 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.3 Average % Efficiency 99.5 100.0 99.3 99.5 98.4 98.9
Inclusion Rate: 1 kg/ton
Rodenticide Concentration: 5000 ppb
Adsorption pH: 4
Desorption pH: 6.5

Example 3: Rodenticide Absorbent Sample DescriptionMYCO-AD D-F 5 May 2016 16E05JFX

(30) The sample is formed from Bentonite. The results of these tests are performed under ambient temperature and humidity. These results relate only to the samples tested.

(31) TABLE-US-00003 Brodifacoum Bromadiolon Coumatetralyl Difenacoum Flocoumafen Warfarin % Adsorption 99.8 100.0 0.8 99.8 93.7 6.5 99.5 100.0 1.0 99.7 91.1 5.3 99.7 100.0 0.6 99.8 90.7 4.6 % Adsorption 99.7 100.0 0.8 99.8 91.8 5.5 Average % Desorption 1.1 99.8 0.7 12.4 1.9 6.5 1.3 99.8 1.0 12.4 1.9 5.4 1.3 99.9 0.6 14.7 3.4 4.4 % Desorption 1.2 99.8 0.8 13.2 2.4 5.4 Average % Efficiency 98.5 0.2 0.0 86.6 89.4 0.1
Inclusion Rate: 1 kg/ton
Rodenticide Concentration: 5000 ppb
Adsorption pH: 4
Desorption pH: 6.5

Example 4: Rodenticide Absorbent Sample DescriptionMYCO-AD D-F 5 May 2016 16E05JFX

(32) The sample is formed from Bentonite. The results of these tests are performed under ambient temperature and humidity. These results relate only to the samples tested.

(33) TABLE-US-00004 Brodifacoum Bromadiolon Coumatetralyl Difenacoum Flocoumafen Warfarin % Adsorption 100.0 100.0 1.3 99.9 97.7 6.7 100.0 100.0 0.2 99.9 98.6 7.5 100.0 100.0 0.0 99.9 98.4 7.8 % Adsorption 100.0 100.0 0.5 99.9 98.2 7.3 Average % Desorption 1.0 99.9 0.5 15.1 2.1 6.6 0.8 100.0 0.5 11.9 2.3 7.5 1.0 99.1 0.5 14.5 1.7 7.8 % Desorption 0.9 99.7 0.5 13.8 2.0 7.3 Average % Efficiency 99.1 0.3 0.0 86.1 96.2 0.0
Inclusion Rate: 2.5 kg/ton
Rodenticide Concentration: 5000 ppb
Adsorption pH: 4
Desorption pH: 6.5

Example 5

(34) In one embodiment, a rodenticide binding system may include an amount of an organoclay and an amount of a synthetic hectorite clay, each as described hereinabove.

(35) In some embodiments, the rodenticide binding system may be as follows:

(36) TABLE-US-00005 Component Amount (weight percent) Organoclay 80.0 to 99.9 Synthetic Hectorite Clay 0.1 to 20.0

Example 6

(37) In another embodiment, a rodenticide binding system may include an amount of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate clay and an amount of a synthetic hectorite clay, each as described herein above.

(38) In some embodiments, the rodenticide binding system may be as follows:

(39) TABLE-US-00006 Component Amount (weight percent) Hydrated Sodium Calcium 80.0 to 99.9 Aluminosilicate Clay Synthetic Hectorite Clay 0.1 to 20.0

Example 7

(40) In yet one other embodiment, a rodenticide binding system may include an amount of an organoclay, and amount of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate clay, and an amount of a synthetic hectorite clay, each as described hereinabove.

(41) In some embodiments, the rodenticide binding system may be as follows:

(42) TABLE-US-00007 Component Amount (weight percent) Organoclay 0.9 to 99.0 Hydrated Sodium Calcium 0.9 to 99.0 Aluminosilicate Clay Synthetic Hectorite Clay 0.1 to 20.0

(43) In this patent, certain U.S. patents, U.S. patent applications, and other materials (e.g., articles) have been incorporated by reference. The text of such U.S. patents, U.S. patent applications, and other materials is, however, only incorporated by reference to the extent that no conflict exists between such text and the other statements and drawings set forth herein. In the event of such conflict, then any such conflicting text in such incorporated by reference U.S. patents, U.S. patent applications, and other materials is specifically not incorporated by reference in this patent.

(44) Further modifications and alternative embodiments of various aspects of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of this description. Accordingly, this description is to be construed as illustrative only and is for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art the general manner of carrying out the invention. It is to be understood that the forms of the invention shown and described herein are to be taken as the presently preferred embodiments. Elements and materials may be substituted for those illustrated and described herein, parts and processes may be reversed, and certain features of the invention may be utilized independently, all as would be apparent to one skilled in the art after having the benefit of this description of the invention. Changes may be made in the elements described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as described in the following claims.