TRANSAMINASE MUTANT AND USE THEREOF

Abstract

A transaminase mutant and use hereof, the amino acid sequence of the transaminase mutant is an amino acid sequence in which the amino acid sequence as represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 is mutated, the mutated amino acid position being one or more selected from among F89, K193, P243, V234, I262, Q280, V379, R416, A417 and C418. The enzymatic activity and/or stability of the transaminase mutant is improved.

Claims

1. A transaminase mutant, wherein an amino acid sequence of the transaminase mutant is a mutated amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and one or more of mutated amino acid sites are selected from a group consisting of F89, K193, P243, V234, I262, Q280, V379, R416, A417 and C418.

2. The transaminase mutant according to claim 1, wherein one or more of the mutated amino acid sites are selected from a group consisting of P243E, F89Y/W, K193E, V234I, I262V, Q280K, V379L/M/T, R416A/C/H/Q/T/S, A417S and C418A/Q/S, wherein / stands for or.

3. The transaminase mutant according to claim 1, wherein the mutated amino acid sites comprises any one of the following combinations: V379L/M/T+F89Y/W, V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S, V379L/M/T+A417S, V379L/M/T+C418A/Q/S, V379L/M/T+P243E, V379L/M/T+K193E, V379L/M/T+V234I, V379L/M/T+I262V, V379L/M/T+Q280K, R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+A417S, R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+C418A/Q/S, R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+F89Y/W, R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+A417S+F89Y/W, V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+F89Y/W, V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+A417S, V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+C418A/Q/S, V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+K193E, V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+V234I, V379L/M/T+C418A/Q/S+F89Y/W, V379L/M/T+C418A/Q/S+P243E, V379L/M/T+C418A/Q/S+I262V, V379L/M/T+A417S+Q280K, V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+C418A/Q/S+F89Y/W, V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+C418A/Q/S+Q280K, V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+C418A/Q/S+F89Y/W+Q280K, V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+C418A/Q/S+F89Y/W+Q280K+I262V, V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+C418A/Q/S+F89Y/W+Q280K+A417S and V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+C418A/Q/S+F89Y/W+Q280K+I262V+V234I.

4. A DNA molecule, wherein the DNA molecule encodes the transaminase mutant according to claim 1.

5. A recombinant vector, wherein the DNA molecule according to claim 4 is effectively linked in the recombinant vector.

6. The recombinant vector according to claim 5, wherein the recombinant vector is selected from a group consisting of pET-21b(+), pET-22b(+), pET-3a(+), pET-3d (+), pET-11a(+), pET-12a(+), pET-14b(+), pET-15b(+), pET-16b(+), pET-17b(+), pET-19b(+), pET-20b(+), pET-21a(+), pET-23a(+), pET-23b(+), pET-24a(+), pET-25b(+), pET-26b(+), pET-27b(+), pET-28a(+), pET-29a(+), pET-30a(+), pET-31b(+), pET-32a(+), pET-35b(+), pET-38b(+), pET-39b(+), pET-40b(+), pET-41a(+), pET-41b(+), pET-42a(+), pET-43a(+), pET-43b(+), pET-44a(+), pET-49b(+), pQE2, pQE9, pQE30, pQE31, pQE32, pQE40, pQE70, pQE80, pRSET-A, pRSET-B, pRSET-C, pGEX-5X-1, pGEX-6p-1, pBV220, pBV221, pBV222, pTrc99A, pTwin1, pEZZ18, pKK232-18, pUC-18 and pUC-19.

7. A host cell, wherein the host cell comprises the recombinant vector according to claim 6.

8. The host cell according to claim 7, wherein the host cell is a prokaryotic cell or a eukaryotic cell.

9. A method for synthesizing a chiral amine, comprising a step of performing a catalytic transamination reaction on a ketone compound and an amino donor with a transaminase, wherein the transaminase is the transaminase mutant according to claim 1.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the ketone compound is ##STR00010## wherein each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is independently a C1C8 alkyl, a C5C10 cycloalkyl, a C6C10 aryl or a C5C10 heteroaryl; or the R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 jointly form a C5C10 heterocyclyl, a C5C10 carbocyclyl or the C5C10 heteroaryl with a carbon in a carbonyl; one or more of heteroatoms in the C5C10 heterocyclyl and the C5C10 heteroaryl are independently selected from a group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; an aryl in the C6C10 aryl, a heteroaryl in the C5C10 heteroaryl, a carbocyclyl in the C5C10 carbocyclyl or a heterocyclyl in the C5C10 heterocyclyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted by at least one group of halogen, an alkoxy and an alkyl.

11. The host cell according to claim 7, wherein the eukaryotic cell is a yeast cell.

12. The host cell according to claim 7, wherein the host cell is a competent cell.

13. The host cell according to claim 12, the competent cell is an E. coli B21 cell or an E. coli W3110 cell.

14. The method according to claim 9, wherein the ketone compound is ##STR00011## and a product of the transamination reaction is ##STR00012##

15. The method according to claim 9, wherein the amino donor is isopropyl amine or an isopropyl amine salt.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0023] It is to be noted that embodiments in the present application and features in the embodiments may be mutually combined in the case without conflicting. The disclosure is described in detail below in combination with the embodiments.

Term Explanation

[0024] Catalytic activity: refers to an amount of a raw material reactant transformed per unit volume (or mass) of a catalyst in a unit time. In the disclosure, a level of the catalytic activity of a transaminase is positively related to a transformation rate of the reaction raw material in the disclosure.

[0025] Evolution: means of mutation or recombination and the like are used to create molecular diversity, and then screen the diversity, as to obtain a gene or DNA with a new function. In the disclosure, a wild-type transaminase is modified by means of mutation or recombination and the like, as to obtain the transaminase with improved performance.

[0026] Wild-type: refers to those obtained from nature, without artificial mutagenesis or modified. In the disclosure, the wild-type -transaminase refers to a natural transaminase encoded by a gene sequence which is not artificially modified and obtained by screening from Genebank.

[0027] Immobilized enzyme: refers to an enzyme whose catalytic function can be used repeatedly and continuously in a certain space range. Generally, an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is performed in an aqueous solution, and the immobilized enzyme is a water-soluble enzyme which is physically or chemically treated to make it insoluble in water, but still has enzyme activity. After the enzyme is immobilized, the stability is increased generally, it is easy to separate from a reaction system and easy to control, it may be used for multiple times, it is convenient for transporting and storing, and beneficial to automatic production, but the activity is reduced, and the usage range is reduced.

[0028] Immobilized cell: is a method used to obtain enzymes and metabolites of a cell, and developed on the basis of the immobilized enzyme. The immobilized cell refers to a cell which is immobilized on an insoluble carrier and performs life activity in a certain space range. Because the immobilized cell may perform normal growth, reproduction and metabolism, the immobilized cell is also called an immobilized viable cell or an immobilized proliferative cell.

[0029] In the disclosure, the related 1 wt refers to 1 g of transaminase mutant recombinant wet cells required to transform 1 g of a main raw material.

[0030] In the disclosure, the related 1 V is equal to a volume of a reaction system/a mass of a substrate.

[0031] The site-directed mutagenesis and/or saturation mutation method is used for transforming the transaminase, as to improve the catalytic activity thereof, substrate specificity and/or stability, it is helpful to solve problems existing in an prior art, such as a dosage of enzyme solution is larger, a reaction system is large, and production cost is high. A main objective of the disclosure is to improve an -transaminase by using an enzyme molecule transformation method to obtain an -transaminase mutant with high catalytic efficiency and/or high stability, as to solve the deficiency in the prior art, and improve an application value of industrial production thereof.

[0032] In the disclosure, a wild-type -transaminase gene derived from Chromobacterium violaceum is used as a starting gene, because the transaminase (having the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1) encoded by the wild-type gene has relatively higher activity itself, 3 wt of wild-type transaminase bacterial sludge is used, and a reaction may be basically transformed and completed. Based on the wild-type transaminase with relatively higher catalytic activity, it is difficult to obtain a transaminase with further improved catalytic activity through evolution transformation of an enzyme molecule. Therefore, the disclosure performs the site-directed mutagenesis in 36 sites, and 1500 mutant strains are screened by the saturation mutation, so that the following -transaminase mutants with improved catalytic activity and/or stability are obtained.

[0033] An amino acid site of a mutation capable of improving the catalytic activity and/or the stability of the -transaminase mutant is selected from one or more of F89, K193, P243, V234, I262, Q280, V379, R416, A417 and C418. Herein, a site capable of improving the catalytic activity is selected from: F89, K193, P243, V234, I262, Q280, V379, R416, A417 and C418, these sites are positioned near an enzyme catalytic center, and may be related to substrate entry or binding.

[0034] The above transaminase is obtained, through selecting SEQ ID NO: 1 as a basic sequence, and genetically engineered to obtain a mutation containing one or more amino acid residues changes, and the catalytic activity and/or stability thereof is remarkably improved.

[0035] On the basis of mutations at the above sites, the inventor found that when these sites are mutated into different amino acids and tested for changes in the transaminase activity thereof, and found that when these amino acid sites are mutated into arbitrary one or a combination of the following, the activity and/or the stability of the transaminase is further improved The mutation includes arbitrary one or more of the followings: P243E, F89Y/W, K193E, V234I, I262V, Q280K, V379L/M/T, R416A/C/H/Q/T/S, A417S and C418A/Q/S, herein, / means or.

[0036] The inventor performed a multi-point combination mutation on the above sites which have a positive effect to the catalytic activity and/or the stability, and obtained an -transaminase mutant with further improved catalytic properties through a directed screening method, compared with the wild-type -transaminase, the catalytic activity and/or the stability of the mutant is remarkably improved.

[0037] In a more preferable embodiment, the above mutation includes arbitrary one of the following combinations: V379L/M/T+F89Y/W, V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S, V379L/M/T+A417S, V379L/M/T+C418A/Q/S, V379L/M/T+P243E, V379L/M/T+K193E, V379L/M/T+V234I, V379L/M/T+I262V, V379L/M/T+Q280K, R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+A417S, R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+C418A/Q/S, R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+F89Y/W, R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+A417S+F89Y/W, V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+F89Y/W, V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+A417S, V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+C418A/Q/S, V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+K193E, V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+V234I, V379L/M/T+C418A/Q/S+F89Y/W, V379L/M/T+C418A/Q/S+P243E, V379L/M/T+C418A/Q/S+I262V, V379L/M/T+A417S+Q280K, V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+C418A/Q/S+F89Y/W, V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+C418A/Q/S+Q280K, V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+C418A/Q/S+F89Y/W+Q280K, V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+C418A/Q/S+F89Y/W+Q280K+I262V, V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+C418A/Q/S+F89Y/W+Q280K+A417S and V379L/M/T+R416A/C/H/Q/T/S+C418A/Q/S+F89Y/W+Q280K+I262V+V234I, but not limited to this.

[0038] A specific screening process of the above mutant and the combinations thereof is as follows:

[0039] 36 pairs of site-directed mutagenesis primers are used for performing the site-directed mutagenesis on 36 sites (F22V, F22A, F22L, L59V, L59A, W60F, C61S, C61A, F88V, F89W, F89Y, Y153F, Y153M, Y153V, A231G, R416K, R416C, R416A, A417H, C418Q, F320V, P94E, S101K, P243E, Q280K, Q346S, P354A, F397A, W60L, T87A, V234M, V234I, I262V, T321A, V379L, V379M). 9 saturation mutation primers are used for performing the saturation mutation on 9 sites (W60, T321, V379, F89, Y153, A231, Y322, R416, A417 and C418), herein the site-directed mutagenesis primers uses primer sequences obtained by a Quick Change Primer Design website design for this experiment, sequences of the saturation mutation primers are as shown in Table 1 below. A complete linear fragment is obtained by a full vector PCR. The PCR product is digested with Dpn I so as to remove a female parent template of a starting gene, and then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), spread in an LB culture dish containing 50 g/ml of ampicillin, and cultured overnight in 37 DEG C. The site-directed mutagenesis uses gene sequencing to determine the mutation sites, and the saturation mutation is screened by high throughput screening, and then determines the mutation sites by the gene sequencing.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE1 saturationmutationprimers: SEQID Primer NO: name Primersequence 2 F89-S ccgttctacaataccttcNNKaaaaccacc cacccagctg 3 F89-A cagctgggtgggtggttttMNNgaaggtatt gtagaacgg 4 Y153-S gattggccgttggaacggcNNKcacggcagc actattggtgg 5 Y153-A ccaccaatagtgctgccgtgMNNgccgttcc aacggccaatc 6 A231-S ggtgagccgatccagggtNNKggtggtgtta tcgttccgc 7 A231-A gcggaacgataacaccaccMNNaccctggat cggctcacc 8 Y322-S cttcaaccacggttttaccNNKtctggtcac ccagtctgcg 9 Y322-A cgcagactgggtgaccagaMNNggtaaaacc gtggttgaag 10 R416-S ccgtaacaacctgattatgNNKgcctgcggc gatcacatcgtg 11 R416-A cacgatgtgatcgccgcaggcMNNcataatc aggttgttacgg 12 A417-S gtaacaacctgattatgcgtNNKtgcggcga tcacatcgtgtctg 13 A417-A cagacacgatgtgatcgccgcaMNNacgcat aatcaggttgttac 14 C418-S caacctgattatgcgtgccNNKggcgatcac atcgtgtctgc 15 C418-A gcagacacgatgtgatcgccMNNggcacgca taatcaggttg 16 W60-R ccgtaaccaacgttaacacaMNNcaggccag ccataccgtcaa 17 W60-F ttgacggtatggctggcctgNNKtgtgttaa cgttggttacgg 18 T321-R cagactgggtgaccagaataMNNaaaaccgt ggttgaagtcacc 19 T321-F ggtgacttcaaccacggttttNNKtattctg gtcacccagtctg 20 V379-R ccagcgtgaacgcctgMNNcataccaacacc gcgc 21 V379-F gcgcggtgttggtatgNNKcaggcgttcacg ctgg

[0040] (I) High Throughput Screening is Performed Using the Following Method:

[0041] 1. Induction of expression in 96-well plate: a monoclone is selected and inoculated in an LB liquid culture medium containing 100 g/ml of ampicillin, and shake-cultured at 37 DEG C. until OD.sub.600=0.6, IPTG is added until final concentration of 0.2 mM, and induced expression is performed overnight in 25 DEG C.

[0042] 2. Enzyme solution preparation method: a supernatant culture medium is removed by centrifugation of the 96-well plate, 200 l of enzymolysis solution (2 mg/mL of lysozyme, 1 mg/mL of polymyxin, and pH=7.0) is added to each well, and incubated at 37 DEG C. and breaking is performed for 2 h. Cell breaking solution after enzymolysis is centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatant is taken to obtain crude enzyme solution.

[0043] 3. According to the system as shown in Table 2, the activity preliminary screening is performed by a microplate reader.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 System Addition amount N-Cbz-pyrrolidone (9.26 mg/ml DMSO) 48 l P-nitrophenylethylamine (8.11 mg/ml) 36 l PLP (0.2 mg/ml) 12 l Phosphate buffer solution pH 7.0 48 l Enzyme solution 96 l

[0044] According to the system as shown in the above Table 2, other components except the enzyme solution are uniformly mixed in the 96-shallow-well plate, background detection is performed in 430 nm, and 96 L of the prepared mutant enzyme solution is respectively added to each well, and the mixed system is immediately placed in 40 DEG C., a shaker reaction is performed in 200 rpm, after 30-40 min, an absorbance change of OD.sub.430 is detected with the microplate reader.

Enzyme activity calculation formula: enzyme activity (u/mL)=(A60V.sub.1)/(6.22tV.sub.2).

[0045] A: an absorbance value variable quantity in a reaction process;

[0046] V.sub.1: a total volume of a reaction system;

[0047] 6.22: an extinction coefficient;

[0048] t: detection time of A; and

[0049] V.sub.2: a volume of added enzyme solution.

[0050] Through comparing with the enzyme activity of the wild-type transaminase, a mutant strain with higher activity is screened, and rescreening and gene sequencing are performed.

[0051] (II) Rescreening of Transaminase Mutants:

[0052] The above preliminary-screened mutant of which the enzyme activity is higher than that of the wild-type transaminase is inoculated in 500 ml of the LB liquid culture medium containing 100 g/ml of the ampicillin, and shake-cultured at 37 DEG C. until OD.sub.600=0.6, the IPTG is added until the final concentration is 0.2 mM, the induced expression is performed at 25 DEG C. After induction is performed for 16 h, cells are collected by centrifuging at 6000 g for 10 min. The cells are disrupted with an ultrasonic disrupter (JY92-2D, Ningbo Xinzhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and supernatant is obtained by centrifuging in 4 DEG C. and 10000 g for 20 min, and used for activity detection.

[0053] (1) N-Cbz-3-pyrrolidone is used as a substrate for detecting reaction activity of the transaminase mutant. The following system is used:

[0054] 0.2 g of the N-Cbz-3-pyrrolidone substrate is dissolved in 0.5 ml of DMSO and mixed uniformly, 1.25 ml of 4.3 M of isopropylamine hydrochloride, 0.2 ml of 0.01 g/ml of PLP and 0.3-3 wt of a recombinant crude enzyme are added, the reaction system is supplemented to 20-30 V with 100 mM of the phosphate buffer solution with pH 7.0, then the pH is adjusted to 7.0, and reaction is performed at 200 rpm in a constant temperature shaker at 30 DEG C. 200 L of the system is taken at 3 h and 16 h, 400 L of methanol is added for uniformly mixing, centrifugation is performed at 12000 rpm for 3 minutes, 200 L of supernatant is taken and 800 L of the methanol is added for uniformly mixing, it is sent to a HPLC for detecting a transformation rate. The mutant with the improved catalytic activity is determined.

[0055] Partial detection results are as shown in Table 3.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Feeding Enzyme Reaction Transformation ee Transaminase quantity amount system rate value Time Wild-type 0.2 g 3 wt 30 V 95.70% 99% 16 h 0.2 g 2 wt 30 V 82.32% 99% 3 h 84.31% 99% 6 h 86.52% 99% 16 h F89Y 0.2 g 1 wt 30 V 95.14% 99% 3 h 96.11% 99% 16 h R416C 0.2 g 1 wt 20 v 95.61% 99% 3 h 96.05% 99% 16 h R416Q 0.2 g 1 wt 20 v 87.38% 99% 3 h 95.81% 99% 16 h R416S 0.2 g 1 wt 20 v 96.20% 99% 16 h C418A 0.2 g 1 wt 20 v 94.08% 99% 3 h 95.96% 99% 16 h V379T 0.2 g 1 wt 20 v 95.53% 99% 3 h 96.53% 99% 16 h V379M 0.2 g 1 wt 20 V 95.12% 99% 3 h 97.00% 99% 16 h V379T + C418S 0.2 g 0.5 wt 20 v 83.10% 99% 16 h V379T + R416A 0.2 g 0.5 wt 20 v 94.98% 99% 16 h V379T + I262V 0.2 g 1 wt 20 v 93.56% 99% 16 h V379T + R416A + 0.2 g 1 wt 20 v 97.06% 99% 16 h C418S + F89Y V379T + C418S + 0.2 g 0.5 wt 20 v 95.34% 99% 16 h F89Y

[0056] It may be observed from Table 3 that a reaction speed of the transaminase is rapider, the transformation effects in 3 h and overnight 16 h are basically the same, and a difference between the transformation rates does not exceed 10%, however, in order to facilitate sampling operation, an overnight reaction is used in the subsequent experiments. According to some -transaminase mutants in the disclosure, in synthesis of a (S)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-aminoheterocycle compound (especially (S)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-aminopyrrolidine), the amount of enzyme is further reduced to 0.3-0.5 wt, the reaction volume is 20 V, and ee value of the obtained (S)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-aminopyrrolidine is greater than 99%, so an utilization rate of the enzyme is greatly improved, and industrial production cost of the compound is greatly reduced.

[0057] In addition, reaction conditions used for synthesizing (S)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-aminopiperidine and partial reaction results are shown in Table 4.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Feeding Enzyme Reaction Transformation ee Transaminase quantity amount system rate value Time Wild-type 0.2 g 3 wt 10 V 98.00% 98.05% 16 h 1 wt 16 V 93.28% 98.00% 16 h 0.5 wt 10 V 68.19% 98.16% 16 h C418A 0.2 g 1 wt 11.3 V 98.00% 98.25% 16 h 0.5 wt 10 V 76.08% 98.03% 16 h R416T 0.2 g 0.5 wt 10 V 98.26% 98.56% 16 h R416A + C418A 0.2 g 0.5 wt 10 V 97.98% 98.45% 16 h

[0058] It may be observed from Table 4 that according to some -transaminase mutants in the disclosure, in synthesis of the (S)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-aminopiperidine, the amount of the enzyme is reduced to 0.5 wt, the reaction volume is reduced to 10 V, the transformation rate is improved by 8%-30%, the ee value is greater than 98%. A utilization ratio of the enzyme and a reaction kettle is greatly improved, production batches of enzyme solution and a usage amount of a material are effectively reduced, and the production cost is reduced.

[0059] (2) The N-Cbz-3-pyrrolidone is used as a substrate for detecting tolerance of the transaminase mutants. The following system is used:

[0060] 0.2 g of the N-Cbz-3-pyrrolidone substrate is dissolved in 0.5 ml of DMSO and mixed uniformly, 1.25 ml of 4.3 M of isopropylamine hydrochloride, 0.2 ml of 0.01 g/ml of PLP, and 0.5-2 wt of the recombinant crude enzyme which is treated by 50% of DMSO at 30 DEG C. and pH 9.5 for 1 h are added, the reaction system is supplemented to 20-30 V with 100 mM of NaHCO.sub.3, the pH is adjusted to 7.0, reaction is performed at 200 rpm in a constant temperature shaker at 30 DEG C. 200 L of the system is taken at 16 h, 400 L of the methanol is added and mixed uniformly, the centrifugation is performed at 12000 rpm for 3 minutes, 200 L of the supernatant is taken and 800 L of the methanol is added and mixed uniformly, it is sent to the HPLC for detecting the transformation rate. The mutant with the improved stability is determined. The partial results are as shown in Table 5.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Relative Enzyme solution residual Transaminase treatment condition activity Wild-type 30 C., pH 9.5, 50% DMSO 21.84% treating for 1 h V379T + R416A 30 C., pH 9.5, 50% DMSO 62.14% treating for 1 h V379T + R416A + C418A 30 C., pH 9.5, 50% DMSO 27.13% treating for 1 h V379T + R416A + C418S 30 C., pH 9.5, 50% DMSO 58.05% treating for 1 h

[0061] The enzyme may lose the activity under extreme conditions, such as a high temperature, a strong acid, a strong alkali and an organic solvent, for a long time. Residual enzyme activity is total activity of the enzyme which still maintains the activity under the environments of the high temperature, the strong acid, the strong alkali or the organic solvent and the like. Relative residual activity refers to a percentage of the measured enzyme activity of the enzyme solution treated under the extreme conditions of the high temperature, the alkalinity, the organic solvent and the like, and the enzyme activity of the enzyme solution in the optimal conditions without being treated under the extreme environments. In a same treatment condition, the relative residual activity is high, it is indicated that the enzyme is more stable in the condition.

[0062] It may be observed from Table 5 that in the same extreme conditions, the relative residual activity of the mutant is two to three times higher than that of the wild-type transaminase. Therefore, the stability of the -transaminase mutant obtained in the disclosure is greatly improved, which creates better preconditions for subsequent immobilization and continuous flow reaction.

[0063] In conclusion, the catalytic activity and/or the stability of the -transaminase mutant obtained by the disclosure through the directed screening method is greatly improved, so the enzyme amount thereof in the transamination reaction is reduced, and the reaction system is reduced, especially the cheap isopropylamine is used as the amino donor for catalyzing a reaction of synthesizing the (S)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-aminopiperidine and the (S)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-aminopyrrolidine.

[0064] In a second typical implementation mode of the disclosure, a DNA molecule is provided, the DNA molecule encodes any one of the above -transaminase mutants. The coded transaminase mutant has an advantage of remarkably improved catalytic activity and/or stability.

[0065] In a third typical implementation mode of the disclosure, a recombinant vector is provided, the recombinant vector is linked with the above DNA molecule.

[0066] In the above recombinant vector, any recombinant vector capable of expressing a DNA molecule of the transaminase mutant is suitable for use in the present disclosure. In the preferable embodiments of the disclosure, the recombinant vector is selected from the followings: pET-21b(+), pET-22b(+), pET-3a(+), pET-3d(+), pET-11a(+), pET-12a(+), pET-14b(+), pET-15b(+), pET-16b(+), pET-17b(+), pET-19b(+), pET-20b(+), pET-21a(+), pET-23a(+), pET-23b(+), pET-24a(+), pET-25b(+), pET-26b(+), pET-27b(+), pET-28a(+), pET-29a(+), pET-30a(+), pET-31b(+), pET-32a(+), pET-35b(+), pET-38b(+), pET-39b(+), pET-40b(+), pET-41a(+), pET-41b(+), pET-42a(+), pET-43a(+), pET-43b(+), pET-44a(+), pET-49b(+), pQE2, pQE9, pQE30, pQE31, pQE32, pQE40, pQE70, pQE80, pRSET-A, pRSET-B, pRSET-C, pGEX-5X-1, pGEX-6p-1, pGEX-6p-2, pBV220, pBV221, pBV222, pTrc99A, pTwin1, pEZZ18, pKK232-18, pUC-18 or pUC-19.

[0067] In a fourth typical implementation mode of the disclosure, a host cell is provided. The host cell contains any one of the above recombinant vectors. The specific host cell is a prokaryotic cell or a eukaryocyte cell; preferably, preferably the prokaryotic cell is a yeast cell. More preferably, the above host cell is a competent cell, further preferably, the competent cell is an Escherichia coli BL21 cell or an Escherichia coli W3110.

[0068] In a fifth typical implementation mode of the disclosure, a method for producing a chiral amine is provided. The method includes a step of performing a catalytic transamination reaction on a ketones compound and an amino donor with a transaminase, herein the transaminase is any one of the above transaminase mutants.

[0069] The ketones compound is

##STR00005##

herein, each of R.sub.1 and R2 is independently a C1-C8 alkyl, a C5-C10 cycloalkyl, a C6-C10 aryl or a C5-C10 heteroaryl, or the R.sub.1 and the R2 jointly form a C5-C10 heterocyclyl, a C5-C10 carbocyclyl or the C5-C10 heteroaryl with carbon in a carbonyl, one or more of heteroatoms in the C5-C10 heterocyclyl and the C5-C10 heteroaryl are independently selected from at least one of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and an aryl in the C6-C10 aryl, a heteroaryl in the C5-C10 heteroaryl, a carbocyclyl in the C5-C10 carbocyclyl or a heterocyclyl in the C5-C10 heterocyclyl is independently unsubstituted or substituted by at least one group of halogen, an alkoxy or an alkyl, preferably, the ketone compound is

##STR00006##

and a product of the transamination reaction is

##STR00007##

preferably, the amino donor is isopropylamine or an isopropyl amine salt.

[0070] These transaminase mutants with remarkably improved catalytic activity and/or stability may be used for greatly reducing the amount and the reaction volume of the enzyme in the synthesis of the (S)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-aminoheterocycle compound, and greatly reducing the production batches and the production cost, so the enzyme has the better application value in the industrial production. The disclosure uses the cheap amino donor (such as the isopropylamine and the hydrochloride thereof) to react, and a coupling coenzyme system may not be required in the reaction. There are few types of reaction materials, and the operation is simpler.

[0071] In a process of preparing the (S)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-aminoheterocycle compound, such as the (S)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-aminopyrrolidine or the (S)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-aminopiperidine, with the above transaminase mutant of the disclosure as a catalyst, because the catalytic activity and/or the stability of the enzyme is remarkably improved, the amount of the enzyme is apparently reduced, the reaction volume is reduced to 10-20 ml/g the substrate, and it is apparently smaller than a reaction volume in an prior art. On this basis, the above reaction temperature, time and pH value may be rationally adjusted and optimized on the basis of the present reaction conditions. When the preferable reaction conditions of the present application are used, the reaction efficiency is higher.

[0072] The disclosure is further described below through the following non-limited embodiments, it is well-known to those skilled in the art that many modifications may be made to the disclosure without departing from spirit of the disclosure, and such modifications also fall within a scope of the disclosure.

[0073] Unless otherwise specified, the following experimental methods are conventional methods, and experimental materials used may be easily obtained from commercial companies unless otherwise specified.

Embodiment 1

[0074] 36 pairs of site-directed mutagenesis primers designed with a Quick Change Primer Design website and 9 saturation mutation primers as shown in Table 1 are used, a complete linear fragment is obtained by a full vector PCR, after a product of the above PCR is digested with Dpn1 so as to remove a female parent template of a starting gene, it is transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), spread in an LB culture dish containing 50 g/ml of ampicillin, and cultured overnight in 37 DEG C. Saturation mutation is screened by high throughput screening. Specifically, the above mutants are screened with the following method to perform the high throughput screening:

[0075] (1) Induction expression in 96-well plate: a monoclone is selected and inoculated in an LB liquid culture medium containing 100 g/ml of ampicillin, and shake-cultured at 37 DEG C. until OD.sub.600=0.6, IPTG is added until final concentration of 0.2 mM, and induced expression is performed overnight in 25 DEG C.

[0076] (2) Enzyme solution preparation method: a supernatant culture medium is removed by centrifugation of 96-well plate, 200 l of enzymolysis solution (2 mg/mL of lysozyme, 1 mg/mL of polymyxin, and pH=7.0) is added to each well, and incubated at 37 DEG C. and breaking is performed for 2 h. Cell breaking solution after enzymolysis is centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatant is taken to obtain crude enzyme solution.

Embodiment 2: Activity Detection to N-Cbz-3-Pyrrolidone Substrate by Transaminase Mutant

[0077] The above mutant of which enzyme activity is higher than that of a wild-type transaminase is inoculated in 500 ml of the LB liquid culture medium containing 100 g/ml of ampicillin, and shake-cultured at 37 DEG C. until OD.sub.600=0.6, IPTG is added until final concentration of 0.2 mM, induced expression is performed at 25 DEG C. After induction is performed for 16 h, cells are collected by centrifuging at 6000 g for 10 min. The cells are disrupted with an ultrasonic disrupter (JY92-2D, Ningbo Xinzhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and supernatant is obtained by centrifuging in 4 DEG C. and 10000 g for 20 min, and used for activity detection.

[0078] 0.2 g of a N-Cbz-3-pyrrolidone substrate is dissolved in 0.5 ml of DMSO and mixed uniformly, 1.25 ml of 4.3 M of an isopropylamine hydrochloride, 0.2 ml of 0.01 g/ml of a PLP and 0.3-2 wt of a recombinant crude enzyme are added, a reaction system is supplemented to 20-30 V with 100 mM of phosphate buffer solution with pH 7.0, the pH is adjusted to 7.0, and reaction is performed overnight at 200 rpm in a constant temperature shaker at 30 DEG C. 200 L of the system is taken at 16 h, 400 L of methanol is added for uniformly mixing, centrifugation is performed at 12000 rpm for 3 minutes, supernatant is sent to a HPLC for detecting a transformation rate. The mutant with improved catalytic activity is determined.

[0079] Results of the mutant with improved catalytic activity are as shown in Table 6.

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Mutant number Mutant amino acid Activity 1 N/A 1 2 F89W + 3 F89Y + 4 P243E + 5 K193E + 6 V234I ++ 7 I262V ++ 8 Q280K + 9 V379L + 10 V379M ++ 11 V379T ++ 12 R416A ++ 13 R416C ++ 14 R416H ++ 15 R416Q ++ 16 R416T ++ 17 R416S ++ 18 A417S + 19 C418A ++ 20 C418Q ++ 21 C418S ++ 22 V379L + F89W ++ 23 V379T + F89Y +++ 24 V379M + R416A +++ 25 V379M + R416C ++ 26 R416T + F89Y +++ 27 V379T + R416S +++ 28 R416A + A417S +++ 29 V379M + A417S ++ 30 V379T + C418A ++ 31 V379T + C418Q ++ 32 V379T + C418S ++ 33 V379M + P243E ++ 34 V379M + K193E ++ 35 V379T + V234I +++ 36 V379T + I262V ++ 37 V379T + Q280K ++ 38 V379T + R416H +++ 39 R416A + C418A ++++ 40 R416A + C418S +++ 41 V379T + R416A +++ 42 V379T + R416A + C418S ++++ 43 V379T + R416A + C418A +++ 44 V379T + R416S + F89W +++ 45 V379T + R416T + A417S +++ 46 V379T + R416A + F89Y +++ 47 R416T + A417S + F89Y ++ 48 V379T + R416T + K193E +++ 49 V379T + R416S + V234I ++++ 50 V379T + C418S + F89Y +++ 51 V379T + C418A + P243E +++ 52 V379T + C418Q + I262V +++ 53 V37T + A417S + Q280K +++ 54 V379T + R416A + C418S + F89Y ++ 55 V379T + R416A + C418A + F89Y ++++ 56 V379T + R416T + C418A + Q280K +++ 57 V379T + R416A + C418A + F89Y + +++ Q280K 58 V379T + R416A + C418Q + F89Y + +++ Q280K + I262V 59 V379T + R416A + C418A + F89Y + +++ Q280K + A417S 60 V379T + R416T + C418A + F89Y + ++++ Q280K + I262V +V234I 1 means 3 wt of a ketoreductase crude enzyme, while a reaction system is 30 V, a transformation rate in 16 h is greater than 93%; + means 1 wt of the ketoreductase crude enzyme, while the reaction system is 30 V, the transformation rate in 16 h is greater than 93%; ++ means 1 wt of the ketoreductase crude enzyme, while the reaction system is 20 V, the transformation rate in 16 h is greater than 93%; +++ means 0.5 wt of the ketoreductase crude enzyme, while the reaction system is 20 V, the transformation rate in 16 h is greater than 93%; and ++++ means 0.3-0.5 wt of the ketoreductase crude enzyme, while the reaction system is 20 V, the transformation rate in 16 h is 94%-100%.

Embodiment 3

[0080] 33 induction-expressed transaminases mutants numbered 1 to 21, 33 to 43 and 54 are used for screening synthesis reactions of (S)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-aminopiperidine, and the following reaction system is used: 0.2 g of a N-BOC-3-piperidone substrate is dissolved in 0.3 ml of DMSO and mixed uniformly, 698 ul of 4.3 M of isopropylamine hydrochloride, 2 mg of PLP, and 0.5-3 wt of a recombinant crude enzyme are added, a reaction system is supplemented to 10-16 V with 100 mM of phosphate buffer solution in pH 7.0, the pH is adjusted to 7.0, and reaction is performed overnight at 200 rpm, 30 DEG C. Through reaction screening, reaction results of strains with relatively better activity are as shown in Table 7. Catalytic activity of 21 residual transaminase mutants except those shown in Table 7 is not increased compared to the activity of a wild-type transaminase.

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Feeding Enzyme Reaction Transformation ee Transaminase quantity amount system rate value Time Wild-type 0.2 g 3 wt 10 V 98.00% 98.05% 16 h 1 wt 16 V 93.28% 98.00% 16 h 0.5 wt 10 V 68.19% 98.16% 16 h C418A 0.2 g 1 wt 11.3 V 98.00% 98.25% 16 h 0.5 wt 10 V 76.08% 98.03% 16 h R416T 0.2 g 0.5 wt 10 V 98.26% 98.56% 16 h R416A 0.2 g 1 wt 11.3 V 97.98% 98.00% 16 h 0.5 wt 10 V 81.58% 98.15% 16 h R416Q 0.2 g 0.5 wt 10 V 73.71% 98.71% 16 h C418E 0.2 g 0.5 wt 10 V 90.81% 98.00% 16 h R416A + C418A 0.2 g 0.5 wt 10 V 97.98% 98.45% 16 h V379T + R416H 0.2 g 0.5 wt 10 V 93.53% 98.0% 16 h V379T + R416A 0.2 g 0.5 wt 10 V 93.18% 98.2% 16 h R416A + C418S 0.2 g 1 wt 11.3 V 98.18% 98.31% 16 h 0.5 wt 10 V 97.08% 98.31% 16 h V379T + R416A + 0.2 g 0.5 wt 10 V 97.08% 98.1% 16 h C418S V379T + R416A + 0.2 g 1 wt 11.3 V 98.20% 98.25% 16 h C418A 0.5 wt 10 V 95.27% 98.61% 16 h V379T + R416A + 0.2 g 0.5 wt 10 V 98.3% 99% 16 h C418S + F89Y

Embodiment 4: N-Cbz-3-Pyrrolidone is Used as a Substrate for Detecting Tolerance of Transaminase Mutants

[0081] 0.5 wt of a transaminase crude enzyme, after treated by 50% of DMSO in 30 DEG C. and pH 9.5 for 1 h, is used for the following reaction: 0.2 g of the N-Cbz-3-piperidone substrate is dissolved in 0.3 ml of the DMSO and mixed uniformly, 698 ul of 4.3 M of isopropylamine hydrochloride, and 0.2 ml of 0.01 g/ml of PLP are added, a reaction system is supplemented to 11 V with 100 mM of NaHCO.sub.3, the pH is adjusted to 9.5, reaction is performed overnight at 200 rpm on a constant temperature shaker at 30 DEG C. 200 L of the system is taken at 16 h, 400 L of the methanol is added and mixed uniformly, centrifugation is performed in 12000 rpm for 3 minutes, supernatant is sent to a HPLC for detecting a transformation rate. Specific results are as shown in Table 8.

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Transaminase Relative residual activity Wild-type 18.13% V379T + R416A 33.96% V379T + R416H 27.91% V379T + R416A + C418A 26.09% R416T 40.25% V379T + R416A + C418S + F89Y 50.7%

[0082] It may be observed from Table 8 that in a same treatment condition, stability of some transaminase mutants is higher compared to the wild-type transaminase.

Embodiment 5

[0083] 4 transaminase crude enzymes in 0.5 wt, after treated by 50%-60% of DMSO in 30 DEG C. and pH 9.5 for 1 h, are used for the following reaction: 0.2 g of a N-Cbz-3-piperidone substrate is dissolved in 0.3 ml of DMSO and mixed uniformly, 698 ul of 4.3 M of isopropylamine hydrochloride, and 0.2 ml of 0.01 g/ml of PLP are added, a reaction system is supplemented to 2 ml with 100 mM of NaHCO.sub.3, the pH is adjusted to 9.5, and reaction is performed overnight at 200 rpm on a constant temperature shaker at 30 DEG C. 200 L of the system is taken at 16 h, 400 L of the methanol is added and mixed uniformly, centrifugation is performed in 12000 rpm for 3 minutes, supernatant is sent to a HPLC for detecting a transformation rate. Results are as shown in Table 9.

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Relative Enzyme solution residual Transaminase treatment condition activity Wild-type 30 C., pH 9.5, 50% DMSO 12.36% treating for 1 h 30 C., pH 9.5, 60% DMSO 0 treating for 1 h V379T + R416A 30 C., pH 9.5, 50% DMSO 30.87% treating for 1 h V379T + R416A + C418A 30 C., pH 9.5, 50% DMSO 24.65% treating for 1 h V379T + R416H 30 C., pH 9.5, 50% DMSO 26.1% treating for 1 h V379T + R416A + C418S + 30 C., pH 9.5, 50% DMSO 49.9% F89Y treating for 1 h 30 C., pH 9.5, 60% DMSO 18.1% treating for 1 h

Embodiment 6: Application of Transaminase Mutant in Synthesis of Preparing (S)-1-Benzyloxycarbonyl-3-Aminopyrrolidine

[0084] A reaction equation thereof is as follows:

##STR00008##

[0085] A reaction system is as follows: 1 g of a N-Cbz-3-pyrrolidone substrate is dissolved in 2.5 ml of DMSO and mixed uniformly, 6.25 ml of 4.3 M of isopropylamine hydrochloride, 1 ml of 0.01 g/ml of PLP (pyridoxal phosphate), and 0.3-0.5 wt of a V379T+R416A+C418A+F89Y recombinant crude enzyme are added, the reaction system is supplemented to 20 V with 100 mM of phosphate buffer solution in pH 7.0, the pH is adjusted to 7.0, and reaction is performed overnight at 200 rpm on a constant temperature shaker at 30 DEG C. Detection is performed by HPLC, a transformation rate in 16 h is 96.38%, after the reaction is finished, the system is adjusted to be alkalinity, methyl tert-ether is added for extracting for 3 times, after extracted organic phases are merged, a magnesium sulfate is added for drying, rotary evaporation is performed until it is dried, a yield is 80-86%, and a ee value is greater than 99%.

Embodiment 7: Application of Transaminase Mutant in Synthesis of Preparing (S)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-aminopiperidine

[0086] A reaction equation thereof is as follows:

##STR00009##

[0087] A reaction system is as follows: 2 g of a N-BOC-3-piperidone substrate is dissolved in 3 ml of DMSO and mixed uniformly, 6.98 ml of 4.3 M of isopropylamine hydrochloride, 20 mg of PLP (pyridoxal phosphate), and 0.5 wt of a V379T+R416A+C418S+F89Y recombinant crude enzyme are added, the reaction system is supplemented to 10 V with 100 mM of phosphate buffer solution in pH 7.0, the pH is adjusted to 7.0, and reaction is performed overnight at 200 rpm on constant temperature shaker at 30 DEG C. Detection is performed by HPLC, a transformation rate in 16 h is 98.3%, after the reaction is finished, the system is adjusted to be alkalinity, methyl tert-ether is added for extracting for 3 times, after extracted organic phases are merged, a magnesium sulfate is added for drying, rotary evaporation is performed until it is dried, a yield is 90%, and a ee value is greater than 99%.

[0088] It may be observed from the above description that the above embodiments of the disclosure achieve the following technical effects:

[0089] Based on partial -transaminase mutants obtained by the present application, in synthesis of a (S)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-aminoheterocycle compound (especially (S)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-aminopyrrolidine and (S)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-aminopiperidine), an amount of the enzyme is reduced to 0.3-0.5 wt, a reaction volume is reduced to 10-20 V, a utilization ratio of the enzyme and a utilization ratio of a reaction kettle are greatly improved, the production batches of the enzyme solution and a usage amount of a material are reduced, and a usage amount of the organic solvent in the post-treatment is effectively reduced, so the difficulty of the post-treatment and a discharge amount of three wastes are reduced, and the labor cost is reduced. In addition, through the obtained (S)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-aminopyrrolidine and (S)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-3-aminopiperidine with high optical purity, the industrial production cost of the compound is greatly reduced, and the enzyme has a better application value in industrial production.

[0090] The above are merely the preferable embodiments of the disclosure, and not intended to limit the disclosure. Various modifications and changes may be made to the disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements and the like made within spirit and principles of the disclosure shall be included in a scope of protection of the disclosure.