Organic light-emitting device

Abstract

An organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; an emission layer (EML) between the first electrode and the second electrode; a hole transport region between the first electrode and the EML; an electron transport layer (ETL) between the EML and the second electrode, and including a first electron transport material; a first buffer layer between the EML and the ETL, and including a first buffer material; and a second buffer layer between the first buffer layer and the ETL, and including a second buffer material and a second electron transport material, wherein the first buffer material and the second buffer material are each independently selected from compounds represented by Formula 1 below, and the first buffer layer does not include an electron transport material: ##STR00001##

Claims

1. An organic light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; at least one emission layer between the first and second electrodes; a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer; an electron transport layer between the emission layer and the second electrode and comprising a first electron transport material; a first buffer layer between the emission layer and the electron transport layer and consisting of a first buffer material; and a second buffer layer between the first buffer layer and the electron transport layer and comprising a second buffer material and a second electron transport material, wherein each emission layer of the organic light-emitting device comprises a host and a dopant, the host consisting of at least one selected from the group consisting of TPBi, TBADN, ADN, CBP, CDBP, TCP, compounds H43 to H49, and a compound represented by Formula 301; the first buffer material and the second buffer material are each independently selected from compounds represented by Formula 1 below; the first electron transport material and the second electron transport material are each independently selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by Formula 601 below and compounds represented by Formula 602 below: ##STR00078## wherein in Formula 1, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group; or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, wherein: at least one substituent of the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group, substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group, substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group, substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group, substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted divalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group is: deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), Si(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), and B(Q.sub.6)(Q.sub.7); or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monolavent monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group; or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, N(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12), Si(Q.sub.13)(Q.sub.14)(Q.sub.15), and B(Q.sub.16)(Q.sub.17); or N(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22), Si(Q.sub.23)(Q.sub.24)(Q.sub.25), or B(Q.sub.26)(Q.sub.27); a1 and a2 are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently: a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group; a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group; or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group; or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), Si(Q.sub.33)(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35), and B(Q.sub.36)(Q.sub.37); R.sub.11 to R.sub.14 are each independently: a hydrogen; deuterium; a halogen atom; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; an amino group; an amidino group; a hydrazine group; a hydrazone group; a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof; a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof; a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, N(Q.sub.41)(Q.sub.42), Si(Q.sub.43)(Q.sub.44)(Q.sub.45), and B(Q.sub.46)(Q.sub.47); or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group; a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group; or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group; or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, N(Q.sub.51)(Q.sub.52), Si(Q.sub.53)(Q.sub.54)(Q.sub.55), and B(Q.sub.56)(Q.sub.57); or N(Q.sub.61)(Q.sub.62), Si(Q.sub.63)(Q.sub.64)(Q.sub.65), or B(Q.sub.66)(Q.sub.67); b1 to b4 are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.7, Q.sub.11 to Q.sub.17, Q.sub.21 to Q.sub.27, Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.37, Q.sub.41 to Q.sub.47, Q.sub.51 to Q.sub.57, and Q.sub.61 to Q.sub.67 are each independently: a hydrogen; deuterium; a halogen atom; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; an amino group; an amidino group; a hydrazine group; a hydrazone group; a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof; a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof; a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group; or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group; a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group; or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group; or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group; ##STR00079## in Formulae 601 to 602, Ar.sub.601 is: a naphthalene; a heptalene; a fluorene; a spiro-fluorene; a benzofluorene; a dibenzofluorene; a phenalene; a phenanthrene; an anthracene; a fluoranthene; a triphenylene; a pyrene; a chrysene; a naphthacene; a picene; a perylene; a pentaphene; or an indenoanthracene; or a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, or an indenoanthracene, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, and Si(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302)(Q.sub.303), wherein Q.sub.301 to Q.sub.303 are each independently a hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group; E.sub.601 is: a pyrrolyl group; a thiophenyl group; a furanyl group; an imidazolyl group; a pyrazolyl group; a thiazolyl group; an isothiazolyl group; an oxazolyl group; an isooxazolyl group; a pyridinyl group; a pyrazinyl group; a pyrimidinyl group; a pyridazinyl group; an isoindolyl group; an indolyl group; an indazolyl group; a purinyl group; a quinolinyl group; an isoquinolinyl group; a benzoquinolinyl group; a phthalazinyl group; a naphthyridinyl group; a quinoxalinyl group; a quinazolinyl group; a cinnolinyl group; a carbazolyl group; a phenanthrydinyl group; an acridinyl group; a phenanthrolinyl group; a phenazinyl group; a benzoimidazolyl group; a benzofuranyl group; a benzothiophenyl group; an isobenzothiazolyl group; a benzooxazolyl group; an isobenzooxazolyl group; a triazolyl group; a tetrazolyl group; an oxadiazolyl group; a triazinyl group; a dibenzofuranyl group; a dibenzothiophenyl group; a benzocarbazolyl group; or a dibenzocarbazolyl group; or a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrydinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, or a dibenzocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coroneryl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrydinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group; xe1 is 0, 1, 2, or 3; xe2 is 1, 2, 3, or 4; X.sub.611 is N or C-(L.sub.611).sub.xe611-R.sub.611, X.sub.612 is N or C-(L.sub.612).sub.xe612-R.sub.612, X.sub.613 is N or C-(L.sub.613).sub.xe613-R.sub.613, and at least one of X.sub.611 to X.sub.613 is N; xe611 to xe616 are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; L.sub.601 and L.sub.611 to L.sub.616 are each independently: a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group; or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, wherein at least one substituent of the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group, substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group, substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group, substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group, substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or substituted divalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group is: deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), Si(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), or B(Q.sub.6)(Q.sub.7); or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group; or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, N(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12), Si(Q.sub.13)(Q.sub.14)(Q.sub.15), and B(Q.sub.16)(Q.sub.17); or N(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22), Si(Q.sub.23)(Q.sub.24)(Q.sub.25), or B(Q.sub.26)(Q.sub.27); ##STR00080## ##STR00081## ##STR00082## ##STR00083## ##STR00084## wherein in Formula 301, Ar.sub.301 is: a naphthalene; a heptalene; a fluorene; a spiro-fluorene; a benzofluorene; a dibenzofluorene; a phenalene; a phenanthrene; an anthracene; a fluoranthene; a triphenylene; a pyrene; a chrysene; a naphthacene; a picene; a perylene; a pentaphene; or an indenoanthracene; or a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene or an indenoanthracene, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, and Si(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302)(Q.sub.303) (wherein Q.sub.301 to Q.sub.303 are each independently a hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group); L.sub.301 is: at least one of a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, and a triazinylene group; or a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, or a triazinylene group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; R.sub.301 is: a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; or a phenyl group; a naphthyl group; a fluorenyl group; a spiro-fluorenyl group; a benzofluorenyl group; a dibenzofluorenyl group; a phenanthrenyl group; an anthracenyl group; a pyrenyl group; a chrysenyl group; a pyridinyl group; a pyrazinyl group; a pyrimidinyl group; a pyridazinyl group; a quinolinyl group; an isoquinolinyl group; a quinoxalinyl group; a quinazolinyl group; carbazole group; or a triazinyl group; or a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; xb1 is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and xb2 is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

2. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the second buffer layer consists of the second buffer material and the second electron transport material.

3. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first buffer material and the second buffer material are the same.

4. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first buffer material and the second buffer material are different.

5. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first electron transport material and the second electron transport material are different.

6. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first electron transport material and the second electron transport material are the same.

7. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emission layer and the first buffer layer contact each other, the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer contact each other, and the second buffer layer and the electron transport layer contact each other.

8. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein in Formula 1, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are each independently: a phenylene group; a pentalenylene group; an indenylene group; a naphthylene group; an azulenylene group; a heptalenylene group; an indacenylene group; an acenaphthylene group; a fluorenylene group; a spiro-fluorenylene group; a benzofluorenylene group; a dibenzofluorenylene group; a phenalenylene group; a phenanthrenylene group; an anthracenylene group; a fluoranthenylene group; a triphenylene group; a pyrenylene group; a chrysenylene group; a naphthacenylene group; a picenylene group; a perylenylene group; a pentaphenylene group; a hexacenylene group; a pentacenylene group; a rubicenylene group; a coronenylene group; an ovalenylene group; a pyrrolylene group; a thiophenylene group; a furanylene group; an imidazolylene group; a pyrazolylene group; a thiazolylene group; an isothiazolylene group; an oxazolylene group; an isooxazolylene group; a pyridinylene group; a pyrazinylene group; a pyrimidinylene group; a pyridazinylene group; an isoindolylene group; an indolylene group; an indazolylene group; a purinylene group; a quinolinylene group; an isoquinolinylene group; a benzoquinolinylene group; a phthalazinylene group; a naphthyridinylene group; a quinoxalinylene group; a quinazolinylene group; a cinnolinylene group; a carbazolylene group; a phenanthridinylene group; an acridinylene group; a phenanthrolinylene group; a phenazinylene group; a benzoimidazolylene group; a benzofuranylene group; a benzothiophenylene group; an isobenzothiazolylene group; a benzooxazolylene group; an isobenzooxazolylene group; a triazolylene group; a tetrazolylene group; an oxadiazolylene group; a triazinylene group; a dibenzofuranylene group; a dibenzothiophenylene group; a benzocarbazolylene group; or a dibenzocarbazolylene group; or a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, a pyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isooxazolylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, an indazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzooxazolylene group, an isobenzooxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, or a dibenzocarbazolylene group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coroneryl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrydinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group.

9. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein in Formula 1, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are each independently represented by one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-32: ##STR00085## ##STR00086## ##STR00087## ##STR00088## in Formulae 3-1 to 3-32, Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 are each independently a hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group, wherein d1 is an integer selected from 1 to 4; d2 is an integer selected from 1 to 3; d3 is an integer selected from 1 to 6; d4 is an integer selected from 1 to 8; d5 is 1 or 2; and d6 is an integer selected from 1 to 5.

10. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein in Formula 1, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are each independently represented by Formulae 4-1 to 4-25 below: ##STR00089## ##STR00090## ##STR00091## ##STR00092##

11. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein in Formula 1, a1 and a2 are each independently 0 or 1.

12. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein in Formula 1, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently: a phenyl group; a pentalenyl group; an indenyl group; a naphthyl group; an azulenyl group; a heptalenyl group; an indacenyl group; an acenaphthyl group; a fluorenyl group; a spiro-fluorenyl group; a benzofluorenyl group; a dibenzofluorenyl group; a phenalenyl group; a phenanthrenyl group; an anthracenyl group; a fluoranthenyl group; a triphenylenyl group; a pyrenyl group; a chrysenyl group; a naphthacenyl group; a picenyl group; a perylenyl group; a pentaphenyl group; a hexacenyl group; a pentacenyl group; a rubicenyl group; a coroneryl group; an ovalenyl group; a pyrrolyl group; a thiophenyl group; a furanyl group; an imidazolyl group; a pyrazolyl group; a thiazolyl group; an isothiazolyl group; an oxazolyl group; an isooxazolyl group; a pyridinyl group; a pyrazinyl group; a pyrimidinyl group; a pyridazinyl group; an isoindolyl group; an indolyl group; an indazolyl group; a purinyl group; a quinolinyl group; an isoquinolinyl group; a benzoquinolinyl group; a phthalazinyl group; a naphthyridinyl group; a quinoxalinyl group; a quinazolinyl group; a cinnolinyl group; a carbazolyl group; a phenanthrydinyl group; an acridinyl group; a phenanthrolinyl group; a phenazinyl group; a benzoimidazolyl group; a benzofuranyl group; a benzothiophenyl group; an isobenzothiazolyl group; a benzooxazolyl group; an isobenzooxazolyl group; a triazolyl group; a tetrazolyl group; an oxadiazolyl group; a triazinyl group; a dibenzofuranyl group; a dibenzothiophenyl group; a benzocarbazolyl group; or a dibenzocarbazolyl group; or a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coroneryl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrydinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, or a dibenzocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coroneryl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrydinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group.

13. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein in Formula 1, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently: a phenyl group; a naphthyl group; a fluorenyl group; a spiro-fluorenyl group; a benzofluorenyl group; a dibenzofluorenyl group; a phenanthrenyl group; an anthracenyl group; a pyrenyl group; a chrysenyl group; a pyridinyl group; a pyrazinyl group; a pyrimidinyl group; a pyridazinyl group; a quinolinyl group; an isoquinolinyl group; a quinoxalinyl group; a quinazolinyl group; a carbazolyl group; or a triazinyl group; or a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group.

14. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein in Formula 1, R.sub.11 to R.sub.14 are each independently: a hydrogen; deuterium; a halogen atom; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; an amino group; an amidino group; a hydrazine group; a hydrazone group; a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof; a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof; a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof; a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group; or a phenyl group; a naphthyl group; a fluorenyl group; a spiro-fluorenyl group; a benzofluorenyl group; a dibenzofluorenyl group; a phenanthrenyl group; an anthracenyl group; a pyrenyl group; a chrysenyl group; a pyridinyl group; a pyrazinyl group; a pyrimidinyl group; a pyridazinyl group; a quinolinyl group; an isoquinolinyl group; a quinoxalinyl group; a quinazolinyl group; a carbazolyl group; or a triazinyl group; or a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group.

15. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein in Formula 1, R.sub.11 to R.sub.14 are each independently: a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group; or a phenyl group; a naphthyl group; a fluorenyl group; a spiro-fluorenyl group; a benzofluorenyl group; a dibenzofluorenyl group; a phenanthrenyl group; an anthracenyl group; a pyrenyl group; a chrysenyl group; a pyridinyl group; a pyrazinyl group; a pyrimidinyl group; a pyridazinyl group; a quinolinyl group; an isoquinolinyl group; a quinoxalinyl group; a quinazolinyl group; a carbazolyl group; or a triazinyl group; or a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group.

16. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first buffer material and the second buffer material are each independently selected from the group consisting of Compounds 1 to 11 below: ##STR00093## ##STR00094## ##STR00095## ##STR00096## ##STR00097## ##STR00098##

17. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first electron transport material and the second electron transport material are each independently selected from the group consisting of Compounds ET1 to ET15 below: ##STR00099## ##STR00100## ##STR00101## ##STR00102## ##STR00103##

18. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of the second buffer material to the second electron transport material is about 2:8 to about 8:2.

19. An organic light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; at least one emission layer between the first and second electrodes; a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer; an electron transport layer between the emission layer and the second electrode and comprising a first electron transport material; a first buffer layer between the emission layer and the electron transport layer and consisting of a first buffer material; and a second buffer layer between the first buffer layer and the electron transport layer and comprising a second buffer material and a second electron transport material, wherein each emission layer of the organic light-emitting device comprises a host and a dopant, the host consisting of at least one selected from the group consisting of TPBi, TBADN, ADN, CBP, CDBP, TCP, compounds H43 to H49, and a compound represented by Formula 301; the first buffer material and the second buffer material are each independently selected from compounds represented by Formula 1 below; ##STR00104## In Formula 1, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group; or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, wherein: at least one substituent of the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group, substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group, substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group, substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group, substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted divalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group is: deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), Si(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), and B(Q.sub.6)(Q.sub.7); or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monolavent monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group; or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, N(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12), Si(Q.sub.13)(Q.sub.14)(Q.sub.15), and B(Q.sub.16)(Q.sub.17); or N(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22), Si(Q.sub.23)(Q.sub.24)(Q.sub.25), or B(Q.sub.26)(Q.sub.27); a1 and a2 are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently: a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group; a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group; or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group; or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), Si(Q.sub.33)(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35), and B(Q.sub.36)(Q.sub.37); R.sub.11 to R.sub.14 are each independently: a hydrogen; deuterium; a halogen atom; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; an amino group; an amidino group; a hydrazine group; a hydrazone group; a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof; a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof; a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, N(Q.sub.41)(Q.sub.42), Si(Q.sub.43)(Q.sub.44)(Q.sub.45), and B(Q.sub.46)(Q.sub.47); or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group; a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group; or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group; or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, N(Q.sub.51)(Q.sub.52), Si(Q.sub.53)(Q.sub.54)(Q.sub.55), and B(Q.sub.56)(Q.sub.57); or N(Q.sub.61)(Q.sub.62), Si(Q.sub.63)(Q.sub.64)(Q.sub.65), or B(Q.sub.66)(Q.sub.67); b1 to b4 are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.7, Q.sub.11 to Q.sub.17, Q.sub.21 to Q.sub.27, Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.37, Q.sub.41 to Q.sub.47, Q.sub.51 to Q.sub.57, and Q.sub.61 to Q.sub.67 are each independently: a hydrogen; deuterium; a halogen atom; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; an amino group; an amidino group; a hydrazine group; a hydrazone group; a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof; a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof; a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group; or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group; a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group; or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group; or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group; ##STR00105## ##STR00106## ##STR00107## ##STR00108## ##STR00109## wherein in Formula 301, Ar.sub.301 is: a naphthalene; a heptalene; a fluorene; a spiro-fluorene; a benzofluorene; a dibenzofluorene; a phenalene; a phenanthrene; an anthracene; a fluoranthene; a triphenylene; a pyrene; a chrysene; a naphthacene; a picene; a perylene; a pentaphene; or an indenoanthracene; or a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene or an indenoanthracene, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, and Si(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302)(Q.sub.303) (wherein Q.sub.301 to Q.sub.303 are each independently a hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group); L.sub.301 is: at least one of a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, and a triazinylene group; or a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, or a triazinylene group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; R.sub.301 is: a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; or a phenyl group; a naphthyl group; a fluorenyl group; a spiro-fluorenyl group; a benzofluorenyl group; a dibenzofluorenyl group; a phenanthrenyl group; an anthracenyl group; a pyrenyl group; a chrysenyl group; a pyridinyl group; a pyrazinyl group; a pyrimidinyl group; a pyridazinyl group; a quinolinyl group; an isoquinolinyl group; a quinoxalinyl group; a quinazolinyl group; carbazole group; or a triazinyl group; or a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; xb1 is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and xb2 is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) These and/or other aspects will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing illustrating a structure of an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment; and

(3) FIG. 2 is a graph showing the brightness-efficiency of the organic light-emitting devices of Example 1, and Comparative Examples A and B.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(4) Reference will now be made in more detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, to explain aspects of the present description. Expressions such as at least one of, when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. Further, the use of may when describing embodiments of the present invention refers to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

(5) An organic light-emitting device illustrated in FIG. 1 has a structure in which a first electrode, a hole transport region, an emission layer (EML), a first buffer layer, a second buffer layer, an electron transport layer (ETL), and a second electrode are sequentially stacked.

(6) A substrate may be additionally disposed on the bottom of the first electrode or on the top of the second electrode. The substrate may be a glass substrate or a transparent plastic substrate having strong mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and water resistance.

(7) The first electrode may be formed on the substrate by depositing or sputtering a first electrode-forming material onto a surface of the substrate. When the first electrode is an anode, a material having a high work function may be used as the first electrode-forming material to facilitate hole injection. The first electrode may be a reflective electrode or a transmission electrode. Materials having excellent transparency and conductivity, such as Indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO.sub.2), or zinc oxide (ZnO), may be used as the first electrode-forming material. In other embodiments, at least one of magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (AlLi), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (MgIn), magnesium-silver (MgAg), and the like may be selected as the first electrode-forming material to form the first electrode, which Is a semi-transmission electrode or a reflective electrode.

(8) The first electrode may have a single layer or a multi-layer structure including a plurality of layers. For example, the first electrode may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO, but the first electrode is not limited thereto.

(9) The hole transport region is disposed on the first electrode.

(10) The hole transport region may include at least one of a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole-transporting layer (HTL), a buffer layer, and an electron-blocking layer (EBL).

(11) The hole transport region may have a structure of a single layer formed of a single material, a single layer formed of a plurality of different materials, or a plurality of layers formed of a plurality of different materials.

(12) For example, the hole transport region may have a single layer structure formed of a plurality of different materials, or a structure of HIL/HTL, HIL/HTL/buffer layer, HIL/buffer layer, HTU buffer layer, HIL/HTL/EBL, sequentially stacked on the first electrode, but the structure is not limited thereto.

(13) When the hole transport region includes the HIL, the HIL may be formed by various methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB), inkjet printing, laser printing, or laser Induced thermal Imaging (LITI), and the HIL may be formed on (e.g., directly on) the first electrode.

(14) When the HIL is formed by using vacuum deposition, vacuum deposition conditions may vary according to the compound that is used to form the HIL, and the desired structure and thermal properties of the HIL to be formed. For example, vacuum deposition may be performed at a temperature of about 100 C. to about 500 C., a pressure of about 10.sup.8 torr to about 10.sup.3 torr, and a deposition rate of about 0.01 /sec to about 100 /sec. However, the deposition conditions are not limited thereto.

(15) When the HIL is formed by using spin coating, the coating conditions may vary according to the compound that is used to form the HIL, and the desired structure and thermal properties of the HIL to be formed. For example, the coating rate may be in a range of about 2000 rpm to about 5000 rpm, and a temperature at which heat treatment is performed to remove a solvent after coating may be in a range of about 80 C. to about 200 C. However, the coating conditions are not limited thereto.

(16) When the hole transport region includes an HTL, various methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, LB, inkjet printing, laser printing, or LITI may be used to form the HTL on the first electrode or the HIL. When vacuum deposition or spin coating is used form the HTL, deposition and coating conditions of the HTL may be as described in the deposition and the coating conditions of the HIL described above.

(17) The hole transport region may include at least one of m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB, -NPB, TPD, Spiro-TPD, Spiro-NPB, -NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4,4-tris(N-carbazolyl group)triphenyl groupamine) (TCTA), Polyaniline/Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (Pani/DBSA sulfonic acid), Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), Polyaniline/Camphor sulfonic acid (Panl/CSA), (Polyaniline)/Poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compound represented by Formula 201 below, and a compound represented by Formula 202 below:

(18) ##STR00003## ##STR00004## ##STR00005##
In Formulae 201 and 202, L.sub.201 to L.sub.205 are each independently: at least one of a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinytene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, and a triazinylene group; or a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, or a triazinylene group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; xa1 to xa4 may be each independently 0, 1, or 2; xa5 may be 1, 2, or 3; R.sub.201 to R.sub.204 may be each independently a phenyl group; a naphthyl group; a fluorenyl group; a spiro-fluorenyl group; a benzofluorenyl group; a dibenzofluorenyl group; a phenanthrenyl group; an anthracenyl group; a pyrenyl group; a chrysenyl group; a pyridinyl group; a pyrazinyl group; a pyrimidinyl group; a pyridazinyl group; a quinolinyl group; an isoquinolinyl group; a quinoxalinyl group; a quinazolinyl group; a carbazolyl group; or a triazinyl group; or a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group.

(19) The compound represented by Formula 201 above may be a compound represented by Formula 201A below:

(20) ##STR00006##

(21) For example, the compound represented by Formula 201 above may be represented by Formula 201A-1 below, but the compound is not limited thereto:

(22) ##STR00007##

(23) The compound represented by Formula 202 above may be represented by Formula 202A below, but the compound is not limited thereto:

(24) ##STR00008##

(25) In Formulae 201A, 201A-1, and 202A above, L.sub.201 to L.sub.203, xa1 to xa3, xa5, and R.sub.202 to R.sub.204 are as described above, R.sub.211 is as described in the description of R.sub.203, and R.sub.213 to R.sub.216 may be each Independently a hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group.

(26) For example, in Formulae 201A, 201A-1, and 202A, L.sub.201 to L.sub.203 are each independently: a phenylene group; a naphthylene group; a fluorenylene group; a spiro-fluorenylene group; a benzofluorenylene group; a dibenzofluorenylene group; a phenanthrenylene group; an anthracenylene group; a pyrenylene group; a chrysenylene group; a pyridinylene group; a pyrazinylene group; a pyrimidinylene group; a pyridazinylene group; a quinolinylene group; an isoquinolinylene group; a quinoxalinylene group; a quinazolinylene group; a carbazolylene group; or a triazinylene group; or a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, or a triazinylene group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; xa1 to xa3 are each independently 0 or 1; R.sub.203, R.sub.211, and R.sub.212 are each independently: a phenyl group; a naphthyl group; a fluorenyl group; a spiro-fluorenyl group; a benzofluorenyl group; a dibenzofluorenyl group; a phenanthrenyl group; an anthracenyl group; a pyrenyl group; a chrysenyl group; a pyridinyl group; a pyrazinyl group; a pyrimidinyl group; a pyridazinyl group; a quinolinyl group; an isoquinolinyl group; a quinoxalinyl group; a quinazolinyl group; a carbazolyl group; or a triazinyl group; or a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyreyl group, a chrysenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; R.sub.213 and R.sub.214 are each independently: a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; or a phenyl group; a naphthyl group; a fluorenyl group; a spiro-fluorenyl group; a benzofluorenyl group; a dibenzofluorenyl group; a phenanthrenyl group; an anthracenyl group; a pyrenyl group; a chrysenyl group; a pyridinyl group; a pyrazinyl group; a pyrimidinyl group; a pyridazinyl group; a quinolinyl group; an isoquinolinyl group; a quinoxalinyl group; a quinazolinyl group; a carbazolyl group; or a triazinyl group; or a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; R.sub.215 and R.sub.216 are each independently: a hydrogen; deuterium; a halogen atom; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; an amino group; an amidino group; a hydrazine group; a hydrazone group; a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof; a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof; or a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a suffonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; or a phenyl group; a naphthyl group; a fluorenyl group; a spiro-fluorenyl group; a benzofluorenyl group; a dibenzofluorenyl group; a phenanthrenyl group; an anthracenyl group; a pyrenyl group; a chrysenyl group; a pyridinyl group; a pyrazinyl group; a pyrimidinyl group; a pyridazinyl group; a quinolinyl group; an isoquinolinyl group; a quinoxalinyl group; a quinazolinyl group; or a triazinyl group; or a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; wherein xa5 is 1 or 2.

(27) In Formulae 201A and 201A-1, R.sub.213 and R.sub.214 may be linked to each other to form a saturated or an unsaturated ring.

(28) The compound represented by Formula 201 and the compound represented by Formula 202 may include Compounds HT1 to HT20 below, but the compound is not limited thereto.

(29) ##STR00009## ##STR00010## ##STR00011## ##STR00012## ##STR00013## ##STR00014## ##STR00015##

(30) The thickness of the hole transport region may be about 100 to about 10000 , for example, about 100 to about 1000 . When the hole transport region includes both of the HIL and the HTL, the thickness of the HIL may be about 100 to about 10000 , for example, about 100 to about 1000 , and the thickness of the HTL may be about 50 to about 2000 , for example, about 100 to about 1500 . In one embodiment, when the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the HIL, and the HTL are within the ranges described above, good hole transporting properties without a substantial increase in driving voltage are obtained.

(31) The hole transport region may further include a charge-generating material in addition to the material described above. The charge-generating material may be homogeneously dispersed or inhomogeneously distributed in the hole transport region.

(32) The charge-generating material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may be one of quinone derivatives, metal oxides, or cyano group-group-containing compounds, but the p-dopant is not limited thereto. For example, non-limiting examples of the p-dopant include quinone derivatives such as tetracyano group quinone dimethane (TCNQ) or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano group-1,4-benzoquinone dimethane (F4-TCNQ); metal oxides such as tungsten oxides or molybdenum oxides; and compounds such as Compound HT-D1 below, but the p-dopant is not limited thereto.

(33) ##STR00016##

(34) The hole transport region may further Include at least one of a buffer layer and an EBL, In addition to the HIL and the HTL described above. The buffer layer may compensate for an optical resonance distance of light according to a wavelength of the light emitted from the EML, and thus may Increase efficiency. The buffer layer may include any suitable material that may be included in the hole transport region. The EBL is a layer for preventing electron injection from the ETL.

(35) The EML is formed on the hole transport region by using various methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, LB, inkjet printing, laser printing, or LITI. When the EML is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, the deposition and coating conditions of the EML may be as described in the deoposition and coating conditions of the HIL.

(36) Meanwhile, when the organic light-emitting device is a full color organic light-emitting device, the EML may be patterned into a red EML, a green EML, and a blue EML according to the EML and Individual sub-pixels. In other embodiments, the EML may have a structure in which the red EML, the green EML, and the blue EML are layered, or a structure in which a red light-emitting material, a green light-emitting material, and a blue light-emitting material are mixed without a layer separation to emit white light.

(37) The EML may Include a host and a dopant.

(38) The host may Include at least one of TPBi, TBADN, ADN (also known as DNA), CBP, CDBP, and TCP:

(39) ##STR00017## ##STR00018##

(40) In other embodiments, the host may include a compound represented by Formula 301 below.
Ar.sub.301-[(L.sub.301).sub.xb1-R.sub.301].sub.xb2Formula 301
In Formula 301, Ar.sub.301 is a naphthalene; a heptalene; a fluorene; a spiro-fluorene; a benzofluorene; a dibenzofluorene; a phenalene; a phenanthrene; an anthracene; a fluoranthene; a triphenylene; a pyrene; a chrysene; a naphthacene; a picene; a perylene; a pentaphene; or an indenoanthracene; or a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene or an indenoanthracene, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sufonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, and Si(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302)(Q.sub.303) (wherein Q.sub.301 to Q.sub.303 are each independently a hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group); description of L.sub.301 is the same as the description of L.sub.201; R.sub.301 is: a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; or a phenyl group; a naphthyl group; a fluorenyl group; a spiro-fluorenyl group; a benzofluorenyl group; a dibenzofluorenyl group; a phenanthrenyl group; an anthracenyl group; a pyrenyl group; a chrysenyl group; a pyridinyl group; a pyrazinyl group; a pyrimidinyl group; a pyridazinyl group; a quinolinyl group; an isoquinolinyl group; a quinoxalinyl group; a quinazolinyl group; carbazole group; or a triazinyl group; or a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; xb1 is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and xb2 is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

(41) For example, in Formula 301 above, L.sub.301 is: a phenylene group; a naphthylene group; a fluorenylene group; a spiro-fluorenylene group; a benzofluorenylene group; a dibenzofluorenylene group; a phenanthrenylene group; an anthracenylene group; a pyrenylene group; or a chrysenylene group; or a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a pyrenylene group, or a chrysenylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group; R.sub.301 may be: a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a suffonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group; or a phenyl group; a naphthyl group; a fluorenyl group; a spiro-fluorenyl group; a benzofluorenyl group; a dibenzofluorenyl group; a phenanthrenyl group; an anthracenyl group; a pyrenyl group; or a chrysenyl group; or a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, or a chrysenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group, but they are not limited thereto.

(42) The compound represented by Formula 301 above may include Compounds H1 to H42 below, but the compound is not limited thereto:

(43) ##STR00019## ##STR00020## ##STR00021## ##STR00022## ##STR00023## ##STR00024## ##STR00025## ##STR00026## ##STR00027## ##STR00028##

(44) In other embodiments, the host may include at least one of compounds H43 to H49, but the host Is not limited thereto:

(45) ##STR00029## ##STR00030##

(46) The dopant may include at least one of a fluorescent dopant and a phosphorescent dopant.

(47) The phosphorescent dopant may include an organic metal complex represented by Formula 401 below:

(48) ##STR00031##
In Formula 401, M is iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), or tollium (TM); X.sub.401 to X.sub.404 are each independently nitrogen group or carbon; A.sub.401 and A.sub.402 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted benzene, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthalene, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene, a substituted or unsubstituted spiro-fluorene, a substituted or unsubstituted indene, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrrole, a substituted or unsubstituted thiopene, a substituted or unsubstituted furan, a substituted or unsubstituted imidazole, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazole, a substituted or unsubstituted thiazole, a substituted or unsubstituted isothiazole, a substituted or unsubstituted oxazole, a substituted or unsubstituted isooxazole, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridine, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazine, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidine, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridazine, a substituted or unsubstituted quinoline, a substituted or unsubstituted isoquinoline, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoquinoline, a substituted or unsubstituted quinoxaline, a substituted or unsubstituted quinazoline, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoimidazole, a substituted or unsubstituted benzofuran, a substituted or unsubstituted benzothiopene, a substituted or unsubstituted isobenzothiopene, a substituted or unsubstituted benzooxazole, a substituted or unsubstituted isobenzooxazole, a substituted or unsubstituted triazole, a substituted or unsubstituted oxadiazole, a substituted or unsubstituted triazine, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuran, or a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiopene.

(49) At least one substituent of the substituted benzene, substituted naphthalene, substituted fluorene, substituted spiro-fluorene, substituted indene, substituted pyrrole, substituted thiopene, substituted furan, substituted imidazole, substituted pyrazole, substituted thiazole, substituted Isothiazole, substituted oxazole, substituted Isooxazole, substituted pyridine, substituted pyrazine, substituted pyrimidine, substituted pyridazine, substituted quinoline, substituted isoquinoline, substituted benzoquinoline, substituted quinoxaline, substituted quinazoline, substituted carbazole, substituted benzoimidazole, substituted benzofuran, substituted benzothiopene, substituted isobenzothiopene, substituted benzooxazole, substituted isobenzooxazole, substituted triazole, substituted oxadiazole, substituted triazine, substituted dibenzofuran, and a substituted dibenzothiopene is: deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, N(Q.sub.401)(Q.sub.402), Si(Q.sub.403)(Q.sub.404)(Q.sub.405), and B(Q.sub.406)(Q.sub.407); or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arythio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group; or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, N(Q.sub.411)(Q.sub.412), Si(Q.sub.413)(Q.sub.414)(Q.sub.415), and B(Q.sub.416)(Q.sub.417); or N(Q.sub.421)(Q.sub.422), Si(Q.sub.423)(Q.sub.424)(Q.sub.425), or B(Q.sub.426)(Q.sub.427) L.sub.401 is an organic ligand; xc1 is 1, 2, or 3; and xc2 is 0, 1, 2, or 3.

(50) L.sub.401 may be a monovalent, a divalent, or a trivalent organic ligand. For example, L.sub.401 may be a halogen ligand (for example, Cl or F), a diketone ligand (for example, acetyl acetonate, 1,3-diphenyl group-1,3-propandionate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate, or hexafluoroacetonate), a carboxyl groupic acid ligand (for example, picolinate, dimethyl-3-pyrazole carboxyl groupate, or benzoate), a carbon monoxide ligand, an isonitrile ligand, a cyano group ligand, or a phosphorus ligand (for example, a phosphine or a phosphite), but L.sub.401 is not limited thereto.

(51) In Formula 401 above, when A.sub.401 has two or more substituents, the two or more substituents of A.sub.401 may bind to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated ring.

(52) In Formula 401 above, when A.sub.402 has two or more substituents, the two or more substituents of A.sub.402 may bind to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated ring.

(53) In Formula 401 above, when xc1 is two or greater, a plurality of ligands of Formula 401

(54) ##STR00032## may be the same or different. In Formula 401, when xc1 is two or greater, each of the ligands of A.sub.401 and A.sub.402 may connect to A.sub.401 and A.sub.402 of a different neighboring ligand directly or by a linking group (for example, a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkylene group, N(R) (wherein, R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group or a C.sub.6-C.sub.20 aryl group), or C(O)).

(55) The phosphorescent dopant may include at least one of Compounds PD1 to PD74 below, but the phosphorescent dopant is not limited thereto:

(56) ##STR00033## ##STR00034## ##STR00035## ##STR00036## ##STR00037## ##STR00038## ##STR00039## ##STR00040## ##STR00041## ##STR00042## ##STR00043## ##STR00044## ##STR00045## ##STR00046## ##STR00047## ##STR00048##

(57) In some embodiments, the phosphorescent dopant may include PtOEP below:

(58) ##STR00049##

(59) The fluorescent dopant may include at least one of DPAVBi, BDAVBi, TBPe, DCM, DCJTB, Coumarin 6, and C.sub.545T.

(60) ##STR00050##

(61) In some embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by Formula 501 below.

(62) ##STR00051##
In Formula 501 above, Ar.sub.501 is: a naphthalene; a heptalene; a fluorene; a spiro-fluorene; a benzofluorene; a dibenzofluorene; a phenalene; a phenanthrene; an anthracene; a fluoranthene; a triphenylene; a pyrene; a chrysene; a naphthacene; a picene; a perylene; a pentaphene; or an indenoanthracene; or a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene or an indenoanthracene, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, and Si(Q.sub.501)(Q.sub.502)(Q.sub.503) (wherein Q.sub.501 to Q.sub.503 are each independently a hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group); descriptions of L.sub.501 to L.sub.503 are the same as the description of L.sub.201; R.sub.501 and R.sub.502 are each independently. a phenyl group; a naphthyl group; a fluorenyl group; a spiro-fluorenyl group; a benzofluorenyl group; a dibenzofluorenyl group; a phenanthrenyl group; an anthracenyl group; a pyrenyl group; a chrysenyl group; a pyridinyl group; a pyrazinyl group; a pyrimidinyl group; a pyridazinyl group; a quinolinyl group; an isoquinolinyl group; a quinoxalinyl group; a quinazolinyl group; carbazole group; a triazinyl group; a dibenzofuranyl group; or a dibenzothiophenyl group; or a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; xd1 to xd3 are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; and xd4 is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

(63) The fluorescent host may Include at least one of Compounds FD1 to FD8 below:

(64) ##STR00052## ##STR00053## ##STR00054##

(65) An amount of the dopant in the EML may be from about 0.01 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the host, but the amount is not limited thereto.

(66) A thickness of the EML may be about 100 to about 1000 , for example, about 200 to about 600 . In one embodiment, when the thickness of the EML satisfies the range above, the EML shows excellent emission characteristics without a substantial Increase in driving voltage.

(67) A first buffer layer, a second buffer layer, and an ETL are sequentially disposed on the EML.

(68) The first buffer layer includes a first buffer material, but does not include an electron transport material.

(69) The second buffer layer includes a second buffer material and a second electron transport material.

(70) The ETL includes a first electron transport material.

(71) According to an embodiment, the first buffer layer may include (e.g., may consist of) the first buffer material.

(72) According to another embodiment, the second buffer layer may include (e.g., may consist of) the second buffer material and the second electron transport material.

(73) In the second buffer layer, a weight ratio of the second buffer material and the second electron transport material may be about 2:8 to about 8:2, for example, about 3:7 to about 7:3. In one embodiment, when the weight ratio of the second buffer material and the second electron transport material in the second buffer layer satisfies the ranges above, electron Injection and hole injection into the EML in an organic light-emitting device (OLED) balance each other to improve the efficiency of the OLED.

(74) According to another embodiment, the first buffer material and the second buffer material may be the same.

(75) According to another embodiment, the first buffer material and the second buffer material may be different.

(76) According to another embodiment, the first electron transport material and the second electron transport material may be the same.

(77) According to another embodiment, the first electron transport material and the second electron transport material may be different.

(78) According to another embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the EML and the first buffer layer may contact (e.g., directly contact) each other, the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer may contact (e.g., directly contact) each other, and the second buffer layer and the ETL may contact (e.g., directly contact) each other.

(79) In Formula 1 above, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are each independently: a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group; a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group; or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, wherein at least one substituent of the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group, substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group, substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group, substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group, substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group, a substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted divalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group is: deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arythio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), Si(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), and B(Q.sub.6)(Q.sub.7); or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group; or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryoxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, N(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12), Si(Q.sub.13)(Q.sub.14)(Q.sub.15), and B(Q.sub.16)(Q.sub.17); or N(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22), Si(Q.sub.23)(Q.sub.24)(Q.sub.25), or B(Q.sub.26)(Q.sub.27).

(80) For example, in Formula 1 above, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 may be each independently: a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, a pyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isooxazolylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, an indazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzooxazolylene group, an isobenzooxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, or a dibenzocarbazolylene group; or a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, a pyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isooxazolylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, an indazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimldazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzooxazolylene group, an isobenzooxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, or a dibenzocarbazolylene group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an Indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coroneryl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an Indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrydinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group.

(81) According to another embodiment, in Formula 1 above, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 may be each Independently represented by one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-32, but they are not limited thereto:

(82) ##STR00055## ##STR00056## ##STR00057## ##STR00058##

(83) In Formulae 3-1 to 3-32 above, Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 are each independently: a hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group, wherein d1 is selected from Integers of 1 to 4; d2 is selected from integers of 1 to 3; d3 is selected from integers of 1 to 6; d4 is selected from integers of 1 to 8; d5 is 1 or 2; and d6 is selected from integers of 1 to 5.

(84) According to another embodiment, in Formula 1 above, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 may be each independently represented by one of Formulae 4-1 to 4-25 below, but they are not limited thereto:

(85) ##STR00059## ##STR00060## ##STR00061##

(86) In Formula 1 above, a1 is the number of L.sub.1s, selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3. When a1 is 0, R.sub.1 directly connects to N. When a1 is greater than 2, a plurality of L.sub.1s may be the same or different. For example, a1 may be 0 or 1.

(87) In Formula 1 above, a2 is the number of L.sub.2s, selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3. When a2 is 0, R.sub.2 directly connects to N. When a2 is greater than 2, a plurality of L.sub.2s may be the same or different. For example, a2 may be 0 or 1.

(88) In Formula 1 above, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each: a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group; or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen-atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), Si(Q.sub.33)(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35), and B(Q.sub.36)(Q.sub.37).

(89) For example, in Formula 1 above, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be each independently: a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coroneryl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyt group, a thiazolyl group, an isothlazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrydinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, or a dibenzocarbazolyl group; or a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coroneryl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyi group, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrydinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, or a dibenzocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coroneryl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrydinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group.

(90) As another example, in Formula 1 above, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently: a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group; or a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one substituent of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group.

(91) In Formula 1 above, R.sub.11 to R.sub.14 are each independently: a hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, N(Q.sub.41)(Q.sub.42), Si(Q.sub.43)(Q.sub.44)(Q.sub.45), and B(Q.sub.46)(Q.sub.47); or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group; or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, N(Q.sub.51)(Q.sub.52), Si(Q.sub.53)(Q.sub.54)(Q.sub.55), and B(Q.sub.56)(Q.sub.57); or N(Q.sub.61)(Q.sub.62), Si(Q.sub.63)(Q.sub.64)(Q.sub.65), or B(Q.sub.66)(Q.sub.67).

(92) As used herein, Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.7, Q.sub.1, to Q.sub.17, Q.sub.21 to Q.sub.27, Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.37, Q.sub.41 to Q.sub.47, Q.sub.51 to Q.sub.57, and Q.sub.61 to Q.sub.67 are each independently: a hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group; or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group; or a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group.

(93) For example, in Formula 1 above, R.sub.11 to R.sub.14 may be each independently: a hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group; or a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group; or a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group.

(94) As another example, in Formula 1 above, R.sub.11 to R.sub.14 may be each Independently: a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group; or a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group; or a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one substituent selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group.

(95) In Formula 1 above, b1 is the number of R.sub.11s selected from 0, 1, 2, or 3. When b1 is 2 or greater, a plurality of R.sub.11s may be the same or different. For example, b1 may be 0 or 1, but b1 is not limited thereto. Descriptions of each of b2 to b4 are the same as the description of b1.

(96) The first buffer material and the second buffer material may be each independently selected from Compounds 1 to 11 below, but they are not limited thereto:

(97) ##STR00062## ##STR00063## ##STR00064## ##STR00065## ##STR00066## ##STR00067##

(98) The method and conditions of forming the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer are the same as described for the method and conditions of forming the HIL.

(99) A thickness ratio of the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer is about 10:1 to about 1:10, for example, the thickness ratio may be selected from a range of about 6:1 to about 1:6. According to an embodiment, the thickness ratio of the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer may be selected from a range of about 5:1 to about 3:1, but the thickness ratio is not limited thereto. A thickness of the first buffer layer may be about 20 to about 150 , and a thickness of the second buffer layer may be about 4 to about 50 . In one embodiment, when the thickness ratio of the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer and the thickness of the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer are within the ranges described above, hole injection and electron Injection balance each other without increasing driving voltage to obtain an OLED having improved efficiency.

(100) The ETL disposed on the second buffer layer may be formed on the second buffer layer by using vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, LB, inkjet printing, laser printing, LITI, or the like. When the ETL is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, the deposition and coating conditions of the ETL may be as described for the deposition and coating conditions of the HIL.

(101) The second electron transport material included in the second buffer layer and the first electron transport material Included in the ETL may be each independently selected from compounds represented by Formula 601 and Formula 602 below.
Ar.sub.601-[(L.sub.601).sub.xe1-E.sub.601].sub.xe2Formula 601

(102) In Formula 601 above, Ar.sub.601 may be a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene group, a perylene, a pentaphene, or an indenoanthracene; or a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene group, a perylene, a pentaphene, or an indenoanthracene, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group, and Si(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302)(Q.sub.303) (Q.sub.301 to Q.sub.303 are each independently a hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group); the description of L.sub.601 is the same as the description of L.sub.201; E.sub.601 is: a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrydinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, or a dibenzocarbazolyl group; or a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrydinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, or a dibenzocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a suffonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coroneryl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an Imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyi group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrydinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, an isobenzooxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group; xe1 is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and xe2 is 1, 2, 3, or 4.

(103) ##STR00068##
In Formula 602 above, X.sub.611 is N or C-(L.sub.611).sub.xe611-Re.sub.611, X.sub.612 is N or C-(L.sub.612).sub.xe612-R.sub.612, X.sub.613 is N or C-(L.sub.613).sub.xe613-R.sub.613, and at least one of X.sub.611 to X.sub.613 is N; Descriptions of each of L.sub.611 to L.sub.616 are the same as the description of L.sub.201; R.sub.611 to R.sub.616 may be each independently: a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group; or a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and xe611 to xe616 are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3.

(104) The first electron transport material and the second electron transport material may be each independently selected from Compounds ET1 to ET15:

(105) ##STR00069## ##STR00070## ##STR00071## ##STR00072## ##STR00073##

(106) A thickness of the ETL may be about 100 to about 1000 , for example, about 150 to about 500 . In one embodiment, when the thickness of the ETL is within the range above, the ETL has good electron transporting ability without a substantial Increase in driving voltage.

(107) The ETL may further include a metal-containing material in addition to the electron transporting organic compound described above.

(108) The metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may, for example, include Compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate: LiQ) or Compound ET-D2 below.

(109) ##STR00074##

(110) Although not shown in FIG. 1, an EIL may be additionally disposed between the ETL and the second electrode, which facilitates electron injection from the ETL to the second electrode.

(111) The EIL may be formed on the ETL by using various suitable methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, LB, inkjet printing, laser printing, or LITI. When the EIL is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, the deposition or coating conditions of the EIL may be the same as the deposition and coating conditions of the HIL.

(112) The EIL may include at least one selected from LiF, NaCl, CsF, Li.sub.2O, BaO, and/or LiQ.

(113) A thickness of the EIL may be from about 1 to about 100 , and in some embodiments, may be from about 3 to about 90 . In one embodiment, when the thickness of the EIL is within these ranges, the EIL may have satisfactory electron injecting ability without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

(114) A second electrode is disposed on the ETL or the EIL described above. The second electrode may be a cathode, and a material for forming the second electrode may be a metal, an alloy, an electro-conductive compound, which have a low work function, or a combination thereof. In greater detail, lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), Al-lithium (AlLi), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (MgIn), magnesium-silver (MgAg), or the like may be used as the material for forming the second electrode. In some embodiments, indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO) may be used as the second electrode-forming material. The second electrode may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmission electrode, or a transmission electrode.

(115) The OLED has been described with reference to FIG. 1, but the OLED is not limited thereto.

(116) An OLED including both of the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer may substantially reduce or prevent changes in efficiency when the OLED is driven under the conditions of low grayscale or low voltage.

(117) As used herein, the expression the OLED is driven under the conditions of low grayscale or low voltage may be construed as the OLED is driven under the conditions of 100 cd/m.sup.2 or lower, for example, 80 cd/m.sup.2 or lower (as another example, the condition of 30 cd/m.sup.2 or lower).

(118) As used herein, the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group is a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group, and specific examples thereof include, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a ter-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group. As used herein, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylene group is a divalent group having the same structure as the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group.

(119) As used herein, the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group is a monovalent group having a formula of OA.sub.101 (wherein, A.sub.101 is the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group), and specific examples thereof include, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropyloxy group.

(120) As used herein, the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group has a structure including at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle of or at an end of the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl group, and specific examples thereof include an ethenyl, a prophenyl group, and a butenyl. As used herein, the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenylene group is a divalent group having the same structure as the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group.

(121) As used herein, the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group has a structure including at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle of or at an end of the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl group, and specific examples thereof include an ethynyl and a propynyl. As used herein, the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynylene group is a divalent group having the same structure as the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group.

(122) As used herein, the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group is a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 monovalent saturated hydrocarbon monocyclic group, and specific examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. As used herein, the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group is a divalent group having the same structure as the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group.

(123) As used herein, the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group is a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 monovalent monocyclic group including at least one heteroatom of N, O, P, and S as ring-forming atoms, and specific examples thereof include tetrahydrofuranyl and tetrahydrothiophenyl group. As used herein, the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group is a divalent group having the same structure as the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group.

(124) As used herein, the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group is a monovalent C.sub.3-C.sub.10 monocyclic group having at least one double bond in the ring but does not have aromacity, and specific examples thereof include cyclopentenyl, a cyclohexenyl group, and cycloheptenyl. As used herein, the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group is a divalent group having the same structure as the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group.

(125) As used herein, the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group is a monovalent C.sub.3-C.sub.10 monocyclic group including at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, and S as ring-forming atoms, and includes at least one double bond in the ring. Specific examples of the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group include 2,3-hydrofuranyl and 2,3-hydrothiophenyl group. As used herein, the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group is a divalent group having the same structure as the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group.

(126) As used herein, the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl is a monovalent group having a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 carbocyclic aromatic system, and the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group is a divalent group having a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 carbocyclic aromatic system. Specific examples of the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl and the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group include two or more rings, the two or more rings may be fused to each other.

(127) As used herein, the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group includes at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, and S as ring-forming atoms, and is a monovalent group having a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 carbocyclic aromatic system. The C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group includes at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, and S, and is a divalent group having a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 carbocyclic aromatic system. Specific examples of the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group and C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group include two or more rings, the two or more rings may be fused to each other.

(128) As used herein, the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group is OA.sub.102 (wherein, A.sub.102 is the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl), and the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group is SA.sub.103 (wherein, A.sub.103 is the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group).

(129) As used herein, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group has two or more rings condensed together, only includes carbons as ring-forming atoms, and is a monovalent group in which the entire molecule is monovalent non-aromatic. Specific examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group include fluorenyl group. As used herein, a divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group is a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

(130) As used herein, the monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group has two or more rings condensed together, includes heteroatoms selected from N, O, P, and S, in addition to carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms, and is a monovalent group in which the entire molecule is monovalent non-aromatic. The monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group includes a carbazolyl group. As used herein, the divalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group is a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group.

(131) Hereinafter, an OLED according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in greater detail with reference to Synthesis Examples and Examples; however, the present invention is not limited to the Synthesis Examples and Examples.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

(132) As an anode, a Corning 15 /cm.sup.2 (1200 ) ITO glass substrate was cut into a size of 50 mm50 mm0.7 mm, and was ultrasonically washed using isopropyl alcohol and pure water for 5 minutes each, followed by Irradiation of UV light and exposure to ozone for cleaning for about 30 minutes. Then, the glass substrate was loaded onto a vacuum deposition device.

(133) After depositing 2-TNATA on the ITO layer to form an HIL having a thickness of 600 , 4,4-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (NPB) was deposited on the HIL to form an HTL having a thickness of 300 .

(134) Then, 9,10-di-naphthalene-2-yl-anthracene group (ADN) and 4,4-bis[2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl]biphenyl (DPAVBi) were co-deposited on the HTL in a weight ratio of 98:2 to form an EML in a thickness of 300 .

(135) After depositing Compound 7 (a first buffer material) on the EML to form a first buffer layer, Compound 7 (a second buffer material) and Compound ET1 (a second electron transport material) were co-deposited on the first buffer layer to form a second buffer layer, then Compound ET1 (a first electron transport material) and Compound ET-D1 were co-deposited on the second buffer layer to form an ETL.

(136) A total thickness of the first buffer layer, the second buffer layer, and the ETL was 350 .

(137) LiF was deposited on the ETL to form an EIL in a thickness of 10 , and then Al was deposited on the EIL to form a second electrode (cathode) in a thickness of 3000 to manufacture an OLED.

(138) ##STR00075##

Comparative Example A

(139) An OLED was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound A was used as the first buffer material and that only Compound B was deposited on the first buffer layer without forming a second buffer layer to form an ETL.

(140) ##STR00076##

Comparative Example B

(141) An OLED was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that BCP and CBP (weight ratio of 1:1) were co-deposited instead of the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer to form a first mixture layer (50 ), then BCP was deposited on the first mixture layer to sequentially form a first single layer (50 ), and then the ETL was formed on the first single layer.

(142) ##STR00077##

Evaluation Example 1

(143) Brightness and efficiency of the OLEDs manufactured in Example 1 and Comparative Examples A and B were evaluated by using a PR650 Spectroscan Source Measurement Unit (available from PhotoResearch) and the results thereof are shown in FIG. 2.

(144) According to FIG. 2, it may be concluded that the OLED manufactured in Example 1 did not show any change in efficiency under low grayscale; however, the OLEDs manufactured in Comparative Examples A and B showed changes in efficiency under low grascale (see areas represented as A and B in FIG. 2).

(145) As described above, according to the one or more of the above embodiments of the present invention, the OLED may exhibit high definition light-emission under low grayscale without changes in efficiency.

(146) It should be understood that the example embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments.

(147) While one or more embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims, and equivalents thereof.