Abstract
A new peach variety (Prunus persica) designated as ‘Vilmos’ is provided. ‘Vilmos’ forms attractive, high quality fruit that matures during the commercially important ‘Andross’ period, and demonstrates a capacity to maintain good on-tree fruit quality for up to 10 days following initial ripening, allowing delayed harvest and economically efficient single harvests. Further, ‘Vilmos’ fruit exhibits the desirable characteristics of being free from the red staining of the pit area of fruit flesh in addition to having low susceptibility to splitting or cracking of the fruit pit during ripening, while also having other desirable fruit characteristics that are substantially similar to ‘Andross’.
Claims
1. A new and distinct variety of peach tree designated ‘Vilmos’ as shown and described herein.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] FIG. 1 illustrates flowers of ‘Vilmos’, including open, non-showy type flowers and closed flower buds.
[0014] FIG. 2 illustrates the lineage of ‘Vilmos’, with progeny displayed above their respective parents.
[0015] FIG. 3 illustrates (top) whole ripe ‘Vilmos’ peaches with a typical mature leaf, and (bottom) halves of ‘Vilmos’ peaches following cutting in a standard commercial torque pitter.
[0016] FIG. 4 illustrates a ‘Vilmos’ tree in a production plot bearing fruit.
[0017] FIG. 5 illustrates flower blight resistance rating results from controlled lab testing on 14 peach varieties, including ‘Vilmos’, standard processing peach cultivars, and advanced breeding lines. Closed blossoms were collected in the field, allowed to open under controlled laboratory conditions, and inoculated with conidia of Monilinia fructicola at 20 K/mL. Blossoms were evaluated for stamen infections after 5-6 days of incubation at 20° C.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANT
[0018] The following is a detailed horticultural description of the new peach cultivar ‘Vilmos’ obtained from vegetatively-propagated trees observed during the Year 20 through Year 25 growing seasons. The trees were planted in Year 11 and grown at the Wolfskill Experimental Orchards of the University of California located at Winters, Calif. Color designations are presented with reference to the “Dictionary of Color” by Maerz and Paul, First Edition (1930). Trees described in this section were 14 to 15 years old (13.sup.th to 14.sup.th leaf or years after field planting). [0019] Botanical classification: Prunus persica, cv. ‘Vilmos’. [0020] Tree: [0021] Size.—Medium. [0022] Vigor.—Medium. [0023] Growth.—Upright-spreading. [0024] Hardiness.—Hardy under typical Sacramento Valley climatic conditions. [0025] Production.—Productive. [0026] Bearing.—Regular bearer. [0027] Trunk: [0028] Size.—Medium to large. The diameter of the trunk 10 cm above the ground is approximately 22-25 cm in 14-year-old trees. The scaffold diameters at the base of the scaffolds are approximately 15 cm. An image of a 6-year-old ‘Vilmos’ tree under commercial production (Table 3) is presented in FIG. 4. [0029] Texture.—Relatively coarse, with substantial scarfskin. [0030] Color.—Bark color ranges from light-grey (14-A-2) to dark grey (7-C-7). [0031] Lenticels.—Numerous, medium, flattened, and generally oval-shaped. Typically the lenticels range from approximately 4-6 mm wide, are at right angles to the trunk, and are approximately 1-2 mm tall. The color of the lenticel surface is light brown (13-J-9). [0032] Branches: [0033] Size.—Medium. [0034] Texture.—Medium. [0035] Color.—Mature shoots are light grey (14-A-2) to medium brown (7-C-8). The current season's shoots are pale light green (20-L-6). The exposed surfaces are commonly tinged rose-red (17-H-3). The color of the new expanding shoot tips is bright yellow green (20-L-6). [0036] Lenticels.—At a right angle to the shoots, and light in coloration. [0037] Internode length.—On current season's hanger shoots, the length between nodes is commonly approximately 20-30 mm. [0038] Leaves: [0039] Size.—Medium to large. Typical length from vigorous current season's growth is approximately 16-19 cm (including the petiole) and typical width is approximately 4-5 cm. [0040] Thickness.—Average. [0041] Form.—Lanceolate. [0042] Apex.—Acuminate and often with slight curves downward. [0043] Aspect.—The blade commonly ranges from substantially flat to somewhat folded upwards. [0044] Color.—The upper surface is dark green (23-L-4), and the lower surface is a much lighter grey-green (21-J-6). The primary vein and mid-vein on the under surface is pale yellow-green (17-H-1). [0045] Margin.—Crenate and occasionally double crenate. The crenations are relatively large and uniform. The leaf margins commonly range from straight to moderately undulate. [0046] Petiole.—Generally medium in size, commonly approximately 8 to 16 mm in length, approximately 2 mm in thickness, and pale yellow-green in coloration (17-J-4). [0047] Glands.—Small to medium in size, almost always globose, and alternate. There are commonly 1-3 glands on a petiole, and frequently 0-3 additional glands can be observed at the base of the leaf blade. The coloration is shiny light green-yellow (17-K-6), occasionally developing a reddish tinge with age. [0048] Stipules.—Linear lanceolate in configuration. Most stipules are early deciduous, their margins are serrate, and they are commonly approximately 6-9 mm long. The color of young stipules is commonly light green-yellow (17-K-5), with darkening to brownish upon aging. [0049] Fruit: [0050] Maturity when described.—Full commercial maturity. [0051] Picking.—In Year 23 (a typical year), fruit was first picked on July 19 and last picked on July 31. [0052] Season of maturity.—Approximately with, to just after, the ‘Andross’ variety. [0053] Size.—Uniform and large. The average axial diameter of highly thinned fruit is approximately 60 cm, the average suture diameter is approximately 70 cm, and the average cheek diameter is approximately 68 cm. See also Table 1. Images of ‘Vilmos’ fruit are also presented in FIG. 3. [0054] Form.—In lateral aspect, the fruit is slightly oblate in form. In apical aspect, the fruit is nearly globose, with slight variability. Most frequently, the fruit is slightly asymmetrical. [0055] Suture.—Inconspicuous line, often slightly deeper at the base, with a slight depression at the pistil. [0056] Ventral surface.—Relatively smooth, and only occasionally lipped. [0057] Base.—Rounded to slightly truncate in form. The angle of the base is slightly variable, but most often it is at a right angle to the fruit axes. [0058] Stem cavity.—Broad, and moderately deep. The average length is approximately 3 cm, the average width is approximately 2 cm, and the average depth is approximately 1.5-2 cm. [0059] Apex.—Generally rounded, with a slight tip. [0060] Pistil point.—Most frequently it is oblique. [0061] Stem length.—Medium in length, averaging approximately 8 mm. [0062] Stem thickness.—Commonly approximately 3 mm, and usually more thickened at the distal end. [0063] Skin pubescence.—Pubescent with a fine, short, matted pubescence. No observed tendency to crack. [0064] Skin color.—The primary ground color is a uniform orange-yellow (9-L-3). The fruit surface has a moderate amount of red blush coloration present on 20-50% of the total surface. Fruits exposed to direct sunlight are usually in the highest percent category. The blush pattern is primarily washed, with some mottling present. The blush color ranges from a dark garnet red (7-H-4) to a lighter shade of red (6-K-7), with a range of variation in between. [0065] Flesh color.—A uniform yellow from skin to stone cavity (10-L-3). [0066] Flesh texture.—Fine and non-melting. [0067] Flesh fibers.—Few in number; short and fine. [0068] Ripening.—Ripens evenly. [0069] Flavor.—Fruit develops excellent quality, rich in flavor and well-balanced. Flavor was rated as superior to that of ‘Andross’ in taste trials. [0070] Aroma.—Moderate, pleasant. [0071] Eating quality.—Good. [0072] Canning quality.—Very good. [0073] Stone type.—Clingstone, with flesh connected over the entire stone surface. [0074] Stone size.—Medium to slightly below average. The average length is approximately 35 mm, the average width is approximately 28 mm, and the average thickness is approximately 22 mm. [0075] Stone form.—Fine fibers are present, being numerous, very short, and attached laterally to the stone. [0076] Form.—Variable, but most often slightly obovate. [0077] Stone base.—Typically positioned at right angles to, or slightly oblique to, the stone axis. [0078] Stone hilum.—Medium to small in size, and well-defined. The hilum is surrounded by a raised collar. [0079] Apex.—Apex form is generally rounded with a medium, blunt tip. [0080] Stone side.—Variable, but typically longer on ventral side. [0081] Stone surface.—Moderately coarse, with the heaviest grooving apically over the lateral apical shoulders. Several deep grooves are present near the dorsal and ventral edge, meeting the edge at an oblique angle. [0082] Ventral edge.—Medium in width, with several low wings. [0083] Dorsal edge.—Somewhat variable in form, but most often the dorsal suture is moderately thick, with a deep groove present from the base up to the apical shoulder. The apical shoulder area is somewhat eroded and somewhat concave in shape. The dorsal groove is bordered by two high ridges. [0084] Stone color.—When dry, light clay-brown (13-C-8). [0085] Tendency to split.—Low. [0086] Flowers: [0087] Chilling season.—Low to medium for growing location. Good commercial crops were achieved with chilling hours below 45° F., and accumulated between Nov. 1 and Jan. 26, ranging from 500 to 900 hours for the Years 20-25 evaluation period. [0088] Buds.—Medium size, conic in form, plump, free slight (4-8 mm) stem, with moderate pubescent surfaces with light grey colorations. The color of the exterior bud scale ranges from grey (8-J-6) to mocha-brown (15-J-5). The buds are hardy under typical climatic conditions of the Sacramento Valley. There are usually one or, more frequently, two floral buds per node. [0089] Bloom timing.—Mid-season in relation to other commercial cling peach cultivars. Bloom periods were approximately similar to ‘Andross’ during the evaluation period. [0090] Size.—As shown in FIG. 1, the flower is non-showy, and medium in size. The fully expanded flower diameter is approximately 22-30 mm. [0091] Bloom quality.—Commonly abundant throughout the tree. [0092] Petals.—Medium; commonly approximately 12-16 mm long and approximately 10-16 mm wide. The petal number is five. Petal form varies from broadly ovate to nearly oval. Petal color is very light pink (1-D-1). The petal claw is medium and truncate in form. Claw color is a dark pink (2-I-5). Petal margins are moderately undulate, and the petals are substantially cupped inward. The petal apices are usually rounded, with no tip. [0093] Flower pedicel.—Medium; commonly 4-8 mm in length with an average thickness of approximately 2 mm. Pedicel color is a light green (17-K-6). Pedicel surface is glabrous. [0094] Nectaries.—Moderately bright orange (9-C-12) at maturity. [0095] Anthers.—Average in size. Anther color is almost white (14-L-1) at dehiscence to maroon (4-K-7) by petal fall. [0096] Pollen.—Abundant. Pollen color is a bright yellow-gold (10-L-7). [0097] Stamens.—Medium length and slightly longer than the pistil at full maturity. Filament color is nearly white (1-B-1) when the flower first opens, darkening to a dull light violet (4-H-3) with senescence. [0098] Calyx.—Glabrous and quite rugose, and the coloration is light maroon (7-L-9) at maturity. [0099] Sepals.—Greyish pubescent, average in size, conic in form, and red-brown (7-H-11 to 6-J-5) in color. [0100] Pistil.—Pubescent basally over the ovary, being less so near the stigma and over the upper style area. Pistils are commonly approximately 12-18 mm in length, including the ovary. The coloration is pale green (17-J-3) basally, and a paler green (17-E-2) over the upper style area. [0101] Major use: Canning. [0102] Keeping quality: Good. [0103] Resistance to insects and diseases: Low to medium susceptibility to Monilinia fruit brown rot and flower blight, otherwise average. See also FIG. 5 and Table 5.
COMPARISONS TO OTHER PEACH VARIETIES
[0104] The tables below provide quantitative analyses of various phenotypic attributes of ‘Vilmos’ and other varieties. Phenotypes analyzed include e.g. fruit quality data, yield reports, and resistance ratings to fruit brown-rot (Monilinia fructicola).
[0105] Table 1 below shows fruit quality data averaged over the 3 years of the RosBreed-1 evaluations for ‘Vilmos’ and standard commercial cultivars in the ‘Extra-Early’ and ‘Early’ harvest seasons. Flowers were heavily thinned to 18-24 inches between developing fruit in order to maximize potential fruit size and quality.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Red Fruit stain in Fruit Fruit cheek Fruit Flesh pit Pit CIELAB width length width weight firmness Selection cavity fragments Blush color-a* Harvest pH Brix Brix/TA TA (mm) (mm) (mm) (g) (lbs.) Loadel No No Very Light 5.65 16-Jul 3.85 8.00 16.81 0.48 671.38 684.94 643.38 183.74 8.3 Carson No No Very Light 4.97 23-Jul 4.04 7.50 17.05 0.44 583.69 548.64 580.25 219.48 8.2 Dee-Six No No Very Light 8.07 29-Jul 4.14 10.00 22.32 0.45 651.75 669.41 617.09 226.82 7.3 Kader No No Moderate 6.98 29-Jul 3.98 12.50 25.67 0.49 723.77 657.67 659.26 332.74 7.2 Dixon Yes Yes Moderate 6.07 29-Jul 4.06 12.30 30.22 0.41 769.97 763.35 719.71 226.42 5.6 Goodwin Yes Yes Light 9.07 3-Aug 3.85 12.70 22.56 0.56 728.08 706.53 720.79 236.20 9.4 Andross Yes Yes Light 6.87 10-Aug 4.09 12.40 30.54 0.41 788.19 784.22 674.54 332.22 6.5 Vilmos No No Light 11.99 11-Aug 3.77 11.50 20.80 0.55 709.42 583.21 669.15 235.68 7.2 Klampt No No Very Light 5.43 12-Aug 3.87 10.70 21.57 0.50 830.48 874.03 704.69 353.12 5.9 Ross No No Moderate 5.27 13-Aug 3.82 10.80 22.45 0.48 719.72 707.10 645.08 236.02 9.2 Dr. Davis No No Light 7.17 19-Aug 3.85 11.80 22.35 0.53 743.07 740.33 729.54 320.00 8.2
[0106] Table 2 below shows average fruit firmness for ‘Andross’, ‘Vilmos’, and ‘Klampt’ processing peaches when harvested at the tree ripe stage, and again at 2 and 4 weeks after the initial tree ripe date. Data are from Year 25 trees grown under standard commercial conditions.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Fruit Firmness in pounds {Standard Deviation} Ripe Date 2 weeks after 4 weeks after (Year 25) Tree-Ripe Tree-ripe Tree-ripe ‘Andross’ 15-Jul 5.8 {1.5} 2.4 {1.3} <1.0 ‘Vilmos’ 16-Jul 6.4 {1.2} 5.4 {1.8} 4.5 {2.6} ‘Klampt’ 18-Jul 6.3 {1.8} <1.0 <1.0
[0107] Table 3 below shows comparative yields for ‘Vilmos’ and ‘Andross’ processing peaches grown under standard commercial conditions in the Live Oak, Calif. grower evaluation trial during Years 20-25. Yields are for commercially acceptable fruit after removal of undersized and damaged fruit at grading station.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Year ‘Vilmos’ (lbs.) ‘Andross’ (lbs.) 20 63700 118140 21 122500 114840 22 112700 116160 23 117600 120780 24 130340 123420 25 134260 126720
[0108] Table 4 below shows comparative yields for ‘Vilmos’ and ‘Andross’ processing peaches grown under standard commercial conditions in the Year 25 Linden, Calif. grower evaluation trials. ‘Andross’ trees were thinned to standard commercial practices, while one block of ‘Vilmos’ was thinned to standard commercial practices (800-1000 fruit/tree) and a second block of ‘Vilmos’ was lightly thinned (1200-1400 fruit/tree), demonstrating the ability of ‘Vilmos’ to effectively size fruit, even if over-cropped. Yields are for commercially acceptable fruit after removal of undersized and damaged fruit at grading station.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Yield Treatment (Tons/Acre) ‘Andross’: Standard thin 17.2 ‘Vilmos’: Standard thin 17.5 ‘Vilmos’: Light thin 20.4
[0109] Table 5 below shows fruit brown-rot (Monilinia fructicola) resistance ratings from controlled lab testing on various peach varieties. Severity rating is the product of lesion incidence by average lesion diameter 48 hours after controlled inoculation. Data shown are averages of results from Years 19, 20, and 21.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Average Brown-Rot Standard Selection Severity Deviation ‘Carson’ 13.19 6.10 ‘Kader’ 3.11 2.89 ‘Vilmos’ 6.39 6.19 ‘Goodwin’ 5.83 4.98 ‘Ross’ 21.28 7.01
