Method and device for operating a drive unit, drive unit, motor vehicle

Abstract

A method for operating a drive apparatus, having a reciprocating-piston engine and an exhaust-gas-driven turbocharger, of a motor vehicle, the reciprocating-piston engine being operated in a four-stroke mode during on-load operation; and the exhaust-gas-driven turbocharger having an electrical machine, in particular a media gap machine, that is operated in generator mode during overrun operation of the reciprocating-piston engine. During overrun operation, the reciprocating-piston engine is operated in a two-stroke mode.

Claims

1. A method for operating a drive apparatus of a motor vehicle, the drive apparatus having a reciprocating-piston engine and an exhaust-gas-driven turbocharger having an electrical machine, the method comprising: operating the reciprocating-piston engine in a four-stroke mode during on-load operation; operating the electrical machine of the exhaust-gas-driven turbocharger in generator mode during overrun operation of the reciprocating-piston engine; and operating the reciprocating-piston engine in a two-stroke mode during the overrun operation, wherein at least one camshaft of the reciprocating-piston engine is operated with a four-stroke cam profile during the on-load operation, and with a two-stroke cam profile during the overrun operation, wherein the at least one camshaft is embodied as an axially adjustable camshaft.

2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the electrical machine is a media gap machine.

3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one camshaft of the reciprocating-piston engine is operated with a four-stroke cam profile during the on-load operation, and with a two-stroke cam profile during the overrun operation.

4. The method as recited in claim 3, wherein the camshaft is shifted axially in order to modify a profile of the cam between the four-stroke cam profile and the two-stroke cam profile.

5. The method as recited in claim 4, wherein the camshaft is shifted by way of a gated guide.

6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein during the overrun operation, a throttle valve of the reciprocating-piston engine is opened to maximum width.

7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein during the overrun operation, at least one of: (i) a wastegate of the exhaust-gas-driven turbocharger is closed, and (ii) a variable turbine geometry of the exhaust-gas-driven turbocharger is adjusted to a minimum setting.

8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein during the overrun operation, an opening point in time of at least one exhaust valve is retarded by the two-stroke cam profile.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a simplified depiction of a drive apparatus of a motor vehicle.

(2) FIG. 2 is a simplified sectioned depiction of an exhaust-gas-driven turbocharger of the drive apparatus.

(3) FIG. 3 is a simplified depiction of an adjusting device of the reciprocating-piston engine.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

(4) FIG. 1 is a simplified depiction of a drive apparatus 1 of a motor vehicle that is not shown here in further detail. Drive apparatus 1 encompasses a reciprocating-piston engine constituting a drive mechanism, which is operatively connected via a transmission 3 to drive wheels 4. Associated with reciprocating-piston engine 2 is an exhaust-gas-driven turbocharger 5 that has a turbine 6 and a compressor 7 which are coupled to one another.

(5) FIG. 2 is, for this purpose, an enlarged sectioned depiction of exhaust-gas-driven turbocharger 5. Compressor 6 has a compressor wheel 9 disposed nonrotatably on a shaft 8, a turbine wheel 10 of turbine 7 likewise being disposed nonrotatably on the same shaft 8. Also sitting nonrotatably on shaft 8 is a rotor 11 of an electrical machine 12 that is embodied as a media gap machine, which has a stator 13 disposed in housing-mounted fashion coaxially with rotor 11. Embodied in an air gap 14 between stator 13 and rotor 11 is a conduit for the medium to be delivered, in particular the exhaust gas of internal combustion engine 2, which flows to or is aspirated by compressor wheel 10 in order to be made available in compressed fashion to reciprocating-piston engine 2.

(6) As shown in simplified fashion in FIG. 1, the reciprocating-piston engine has several cylinders 15 in which axially displaceable reciprocating pistons are disposed. Two intake valves 16 and two exhaust valves 17, which control gas exchange in the respective cylinder 15, are also associated with each cylinder 15. In order to actuate intake valves 16 and exhaust valves 17, the reciprocating-piston engine furthermore has two camshafts 18 and 19 that have, for each valve, at least one cam profile with which the valve is displaced in conventional fashion against the force of a spring element.

(7) FIG. 3 is a simplified detail view of reciprocating-piston engine 2 with one intake valve 16 and camshaft 18. Camshaft 18 is embodied as an axially adjustable camshaft, which is therefore axially shiftable. The camshaft carries, for each intake valve 16, a respective cam 20, which is embodied as a double cam and encompasses for that purpose two differently embodied cam profiles 21 and 22 located next to one another. Also associated with cam 20 is a gated guide 23 which has a guidance pin 24, disposed on a housing side, which is radially displaceable in order to engage into a guidance groove 25 embodied in shaft 8. Guidance groove 25 is shaped in such a way that when guidance pin 24 is present in guidance groove 25 and camshaft 18 is rotating, camshaft 18 becomes axially shifted.

(8) Gated guide 23 is embodied in such a way that depending on the shift of camshaft 18, cam profile 21 or cam profile 22 interacts with intake valve 16. Corresponding cam profiles are also provided for exhaust valves 17.

(9) In contrast to conventional solutions, in the present case, provision is made that cam profile 21 is embodied for normal operation or on-load operation of reciprocating-piston engine 2, in which the latter generates a drive torque, while cam profile 22 is embodied for an advantageous overrun recovery mode of reciprocating-piston engine 2. For that purpose, provision is made in the present case that cam profile 21 is a four-stroke cam profile which ensures, during the operation of reciprocating-piston engine 2, actuation of intake valve 16 in accordance with a four-stroke operating mode; and that cam profile 22 is embodied as a two-stroke cam profile so that it opens the intake valve with each downward stroke of the piston. Usefully, a corresponding cam 20 is associated with each of valves 16, 17 of reciprocating-piston engine 2, the two camshafts 18 and 19 being correspondingly shiftable in order to switch between the four-stroke mode and two-stroke mode; the exhaust valves in two-stroke mode being opened with each upward stroke of the associated piston due to cams 20 associated with exhaust valves 17.

(10) As described above, cam profile 22 serves for overrun operation. When reciprocating-piston engine 2 switches into overrun operation, cam profile 22 is therefore engaged so that reciprocating-piston engine 2 is switched into a two-stroke mode. This has the advantage that the gas flow throughput through reciprocating-piston engine 2 is doubled as compared with a four-stroke mode. The enthalpy and gas mass flow that turbine 6 can utilize are thus increased, so that the drive power output of exhaust-gas-driven turbocharger 5 during overrun operation of drive apparatus 1 is still sufficient to drive electrical machine 12 so that the latter can generate electrical energy in a generator mode.

(11) The result of the example embodiment, and of the operation of drive apparatus 1, is therefore that it is possible to implement an advantageous recovery strategy with which, in normal operation or on-load operation of drive apparatus 1, reciprocating-piston engine 2 is operated in four-stroke mode and exhaust-gas-driven turbocharger 5 is assisted as applicable by machine 12 operated in motor mode, such that in overrun operation a switchover is made to a two-stroke mode of reciprocating-piston engine 2, and machine 12 is operated in generator mode. The result of the advantageously selected cam profiles 21 and 22 is that in overrun operation, the intake valve associated with each piston is opened with each downward stroke of that piston, and the exhaust valve associated with each piston is opened with each upward stroke of that piston, so that the mass throughput is doubled for the same intake manifold pressure.

(12) If reciprocating-piston engine 2 is embodied as an Otto-cycle engine, in addition a throttle valve of reciprocating-piston engine 2 is preferably opened to maximum width. If exhaust-gas-driven turbocharger 5 has a variable turbine geometry that, in particular, encompasses adjustable guide vanes, then in overrun operation the latter are preferably moved to a minimum-flow position close to a stop. If exhaust-gas-driven turbocharger 5 has a wastegate device, then in overrun operation the wastegate is usefully closed so that the maximum possible mass flow is guided through the turbine.

(13) Advantageously, in overrun operation the point in time at which the respective exhaust valve 17 opens is furthermore retarded or delayed by approximately 10 of spherical crankshaft angle, so that a compression event firstly occurs inside the cylinder before the respective exhaust valve opens. Additional enthalpy for driving turbine 7 is thereby furnished, in the form of a pulse charge, upon opening of the corresponding exhaust valve 17.

(14) According to a further exemplifying embodiment that is not depicted here, it is also conceivable to dispose an electrical machine, rather than a media gap machine 12, on shaft 8 between turbine wheel 9 and compressor wheel 10. This too, because of the advantageous operation of reciprocating-piston engine 2, results in increased efficiency in terms of recovery of electrical energy.