Method for coupling a machine frame of an earth working machine to a working device, earth working machine, and connecting apparatus for the method

Abstract

A method for coupling a machine frame (12) of an earth working machine (10) to a working device (28) between the machine frame (12) and a substrate (U) encompasses the following steps: arranging the machine frame (12) and the working device (28) between the machine frame (12) and the substrate (U); aligning the receiving portion (42) and working device (28) relative to one another in such a way that fastening formations (56, 60) of the working device (28) are lined up, along a spacing direction, with fastening counter-formations (58, 62) of the machine frame (12); bringing the fastening formations (56, 60) and fastening counter-formations (58, 62) closer to one another; and operably fastening the working device (28) onto the receiving portion (42). According to the present invention the aligning step encompasses the following sub-steps: connecting the machine frame (12) and the working device (28) to one another by means of a connecting apparatus (76), in such a way that the working device (28) is movable in response to its weight, parallel to the effective direction of gravity (g) and orthogonally thereto, relative to the machine frame (12); then allowing the working device (28) to hang on the machine frame (12); and then supporting the working device (28).

Claims

1. A method of coupling a machine frame of an earth working machine to a working device, the method comprising: (a) arranging the machine frame and the working device relative to one another such that the working device is located between the machine frame and a substrate with which the earth working machine is in contact; (b) aligning the machine frame and the working device relative to one another such that in an aligned state of the working device fastening formations of the working device are lined up, along a spacing direction having a directional component orthogonal to the substrate, with fastening counter-formations of the machine frame, the fastening formations and the fastening counter-formations being configured to allow the working device to be fastened to the machine frame using the fastening formations and the fastening counter-formations, the aligning step including: (b)(1) connecting the machine frame and the working device to one another with a connector including at least one frame coupling portion coupled to the machine frame and at least one device coupling portion arranged at a distance from the frame coupling portion and coupled to the working device, the connector being configured such that in response to a weight of the working device the working device is movable relative to the machine frame parallel to an effective direction of gravity and orthogonally to the effective direction of gravity; then (b)(2) allowing the working device to hang from the machine frame on the connector until the working device rests in the aligned state with the connector extending parallel to the effective direction of gravity; and then (b)(3) supporting the working device; (c) bringing the fastening formations and the fastening counter-formations closer to one another; and (d) operably fastening the working device to the machine frame; wherein step (b)(1) includes: connecting the device coupling portion to at least one device coupling formation of the working device; and connecting the frame coupling portion to at least one frame coupling formation of the machine frame; and wherein the at least one device coupling formation is one of the fastening formations.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the at least one frame coupling formation is one of the fastening counter-formations.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the spacing direction is parallel to the effective direction of gravity.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein: step (b) includes adjusting a position of the working device and the machine frame relative to one another.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein: step (b)(3) is executed when the fastening formations and the fastening counter-formations are arranged with a spacing from one another in the effective direction of gravity and are lined up with each other.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: after step (b)(3) and before step (d), removing the connector from the machine frame and the working device.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising: replacing the connector with at least one rigid fastener.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step (b)(1) the connector includes a plurality of sub-connectors, each sub-connector including one of the frame coupling portions and one of the device coupling portions.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step (b) the fastening formations and the fastening counter-formations comprise openings or bores; and step (d) includes operably fastening the working device to the machine frame via fastening bolts or screws received through the openings or bores.

10. A method of coupling a machine frame of an earth working machine to a working device, the method comprising: (a) arranging the machine frame and the working device relative to one another such that the working device is located between the machine frame and a substrate with which the earth working machine is in contact; (b) aligning the machine frame and the working device relative to one another such that in an aligned state of the working device fastening formations of the working device are lined up, along a spacing direction having a directional component orthogonal to the substrate, with fastening counter-formations of the machine frame, the fastening formations and the fastening counter-formations being configured to allow the working device to be fastened to the machine frame using the fastening formations and the fastening counter-formations, the aligning step including: (b)(1) connecting the machine frame and the working device to one another with a connector including at least one frame coupling portion coupled to the machine frame and at least one device coupling portion arranged at a distance from the frame coupling portion and coupled to the working device, the connector being configured such that in response to a weight of the working device the working device is movable relative to the machine frame parallel to an effective direction of gravity and orthogonally to the effective direction of gravity; then (b)(2) allowing the working device to hang from the machine frame on the connector until the working device rests in the aligned state with the connector extending parallel to the effective direction of gravity; and then (b)(3) supporting the working device; (c) bringing the fastening formations and the fastening counter-formations closer to one another; and (d) operably fastening the working device to the machine frame; wherein step (b)(1) includes: connecting the device coupling portion to at least one device coupling formation of the working device; and connecting the frame coupling portion to at least one frame coupling formation of the machine frame; and the at least one frame coupling formation is one of the fastening counter-formations.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The present invention will be explained in further detail below with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a side view, in a transverse machine frame direction, of an earth working machine in the exemplifying form of a large milling machine, on which the method according to the present invention can be utilized;

(3) FIG. 2 shows the region of a receiving portion of the machine frame of the machine of FIG. 1 upon initiation of arranging a milling device thereon, the milling device having been moved, with a maneuvering device in the region of the receiving portion, beneath the receiving portion;

(4) FIG. 3 shows the view of FIG. 2 with the machine frame moved slightly closer to the milling device, a connecting apparatus being arranged between the machine frame and the milling device;

(5) FIG. 4 shows the view of FIG. 3, the machine frame and the milling device, connected to it by means of the connecting apparatus, being lifted in such a way that the milling device is hanging freely on the machine frame;

(6) FIG. 5 shows the view of FIG. 4 with the milling device, aligned relative to the machine frame, set back down onto the substrate;

(7) FIG. 6 shows the view of FIG. 5 with fastening counter-formations of the machine frame and of the receiving portion moved closer to the fastening formations of the working device; and

(8) FIG. 7 shows the view of FIG. 6, with the milling device fastened operably onto the machine frame.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(9) The viewer of FIG. 1 is looking toward earth moving machine 10, or simply the machine, in transverse machine direction Q that is orthogonal to the drawing plane of FIG. 1. The longitudinal machine frame direction is labeled L, and proceeds parallel to the drawing plane of FIG. 1. The vertical machine direction H also proceeds parallel to the drawing plane of FIG. 1, and orthogonally to the longitudinal and transverse machine directions L and Q. The arrowhead of longitudinal machine direction L in FIG. 1 points in a forward direction. For clarification, the vertical machine frame direction H is parallel to the direction in which lifting columns 14 and 16 proceed. Vertical machine direction H proceeds parallel to the yaw axis of machine 10, longitudinal machine direction L proceeds parallel to the roll axis, and transverse machine direction Q proceeds parallel to the pitch axis Ni.

(10) Earth working machine 10 can comprise an operator's platform 24 from which a machine operator can control machine 10 via a control console 26.

(11) Indicated beneath machine frame 12, merely with dashed lines and only in FIG. 1, is a working device 28, in this case e.g. as a milling device 28 having a milling drum 32 which is received in a milling housing 30 and is rotatable around a milling axis R proceeding in transverse machine frame direction Q in order thereby to allow substrate material to be removed, starting from contact surface A of substrate U, to a milling depth determined by the relative vertical position of machine frame 12. The vertical adjustability of machine frame 12 thanks to lifting columns 14, 16 therefore also serves for establishment of the milling depth, or in general working depth, of machine 10 in the context of earth working. Earth working machine 10 depicted by way of example is a large milling machine for which the arrangement of milling device 28 in longitudinal machine frame direction L between front drive unit 18 and rear drive unit 20 is typical. Large milling machines of this kind, or also earth-removing machines in general, usually have a transport belt for transporting removed earth material away from machine 10. A transport belt that is also present in principle on machine 10 is not depicted in FIG. 1 in the interest of better clarity.

(12) It is not apparent from the side view of FIG. 1 that machine 10 has, both in its front end region and in its rear end region, two respective lifting columns 14 and 16 each having a respective drive unit 18 and 20 connected to it. Lifting column 14 is furthermore coupled by means of a coupling structure 34, in a manner known per se, to drive unit 18. The rear lifting columns 16 are connected to their respective drive unit 20 via a coupling structure 36 constructed identically to coupling structure 34. Drive units 18 and 20 are of substantially identical construction, and constitute propelling unit 22 of the machine.

(13) In the example depicted, drive unit 18, having a drive direction indicated by double arrow D, comprises a radially inner receiving structure 38 on which a circulating drive track 40 is arranged.

(14) Lifting column 14, and with it drive unit 18, is rotatable around a steering axis S by means of a steering apparatus (not depicted in further detail).

(15) FIG. 2 shows in enlarged fashion only that portion of earth working machine 10 which is of interest for execution of the method according to the present invention. The method according to the present invention is executed in this region, at the conclusion of which method a milling device 28 is fastened operably onto machine frame 12.

(16) Machine frame 12 comprises, in a manner known per se, a receiving portion 42 that is configured for operable fastening of milling device 28 onto said frame. Receiving portion 42 of machine frame 12 comprises for this purpose, for example, a front frame installation plate 44 and a rear frame installation plate 46.

(17) In the example depicted, milling device 28 is placed on a transport apparatus or maneuvering apparatus 48 that is in contact with substrate U by way of roller dollies 50 in FIG. 2.

(18) Milling device 28 has been conveyed parallel to transverse machine frame direction Q using maneuvering apparatus 48, which is known per se, beneath machine frame 12 in the region of receiving portion 42. Milling device 12 is thus located, roughly oriented, in the vicinity of the alignment position in which operable fastening of milling device 28 onto machine frame 12 can occur.

(19) Milling device 28 comprises a front device installation plate 52 and a rear device installation plate 54. In the final operably mounted state, front frame installation plate 44 and front device installation plate 52 abut against each other, as do rear frame installation plate 46 and rear device installation plate 54. In an aligning step to be explained below, milling device 28 and machine frame 12, or its receiving portion 42, will be aligned with one another in such a way that a front fastening formation 56 in front device installation plate 52 lines up with a front fastening counter-formation 58 in front frame installation plate 54. The same applies to a rear fastening formation 60 in rear device installation plate 54, which is to be oriented so it lines up with a rear fastening counter-formation 62 in rear frame installation plate 46.

(20) For maximally exact alignment of milling device 28 and receiving portion 42 relative to one another parallel to transverse machine frame direction Q, milling device 28 and receiving portion 42 comprise at least one further pair of fastening formations and fastening counter-formations, preferably at least two further pairs of fastening formations and fastening counter-formations, shifted behind the drawing plane of FIG. 2, although they are concealed by the apparatus components depicted in FIG. 2 and are therefore not visible.

(21) Merely for the sake of completeness, it is pointed out here that the longitudinal end, closest to the milling drum, of a transport device 64 is visible on machine frame 12; with this device, substrate removed by milling drum 32 (not visible in FIG. 2) can be transported away from earth working machine 10.

(22) Milling drum 32 (not depicted in FIGS. 2 to 6) is received, with a rotation axis R proceeding parallel to transverse machine direction Q, in drum housing 30 by means of milling drum bearing system 66 visible in part in FIGS. 2 to 7. A stationary side wall 68 of drum housing 30, and a movable side panel 70 provided at the lower end of drum housing 30 remote from the machine frame, are apparent in FIG. 2. Side panel 70 is received vertically displaceably on the stationary side wall 68 respectively in front of and behind milling drum 32 in longitudinal machine direction L, the vertically adjustable receptacles being sufficiently motion-tolerant in longitudinal machine direction L that movable side panel 70 can also tilt slightly, as a result of different amounts of vertical displacement at its bearing points in front of and behind milling drum 32, around a tilt axis V proceeding parallel to transverse machine direction Q, which in the present example coincides with the rotation axis R of milling drum 32. Movable side panel 70 runs on substrate U on a skid 72, and can be lifted off substrate U by means of arrangements 74 at its two longitudinal end regions.

(23) In FIG. 3, machine frame 12 has been brought sufficiently close to milling device 28, by adjusting front and rear lifting columns 14 and 16, that a connecting apparatus 76 can be arranged between frame installation plates 44 and 46 and the associated device installation plates 52 and 54, so as to connect milling device 28 movably, more precisely swingingly movably, relative to machine frame 12. Connecting apparatus 76 may also be referred to as a connector 76.

(24) In the present example, connecting apparatus 76 comprises several connecting sub-apparatuses 76a and 76b as well as, preferably, further connecting sub-apparatuses, preferably of the same nature, that are not depicted. Connecting sub-apparatuses 76a and 76b may also be referred to as sub-connectors 76a and 76b.

(25) Connecting sub-apparatus 76a will be described below as an example of all the connecting sub-apparatuses. Said apparatus comprises a frame coupling portion 78 and a device coupling portion 80. Coupling portions 78 and 80 are of substantially identical construction and encompass a solid shank having a T-head, i.e. a head whose diameter is larger than that of the shank. The shank and T-head can in principle represent separate components that can be detachably connected to one another, for example, by means of a threaded or insertion connection. Alternatively, a coupling portion can encompass components which are movable, in particular pivotingly movable, relative to one another, and are displaceable between an installation position in which they can be led in a leadthrough direction through an opening or bore in an installation plate, and an engagement position in which they cannot be led through the opening or bore oppositely to the leadthrough direction, for example because in the engagement position, at least one of the components is braced against that region of the installation plate which surrounds the opening or bore. In addition, coupling shapes of the connecting apparatus and fastening formations and/or fastening counter-formations can comprise hooks and eyes. To safeguard against bending under load, a hook can be configured as a carabiner hook.

(26) The shanks of coupling portions 78 and 80 pass respectively through fastening formation 56 and fastening counter-formation 58, and the respective heads abut against the surfaces of installation plates 54 and 52 which face away from one another so that they can discharge into the respective installation plates 54 and 52 the tensile forces acting on connecting sub-apparatus 76a. Thus in this example the fastening formation 56 and fastening counter-formation 58 may also be referred to as a device coupling formation 56 and a frame coupling formation 58, respectively. The shank, having a larger-diameter T-head, of frame coupling portion 78 forms an aforementioned frame coupling shape that is configured for coupling to the fastening counter-formation. The shank, having a larger-diameter T-head, of device coupling portion 80 forms an aforementioned device coupling shape that is configured for coupling to fastening formation 56.

(27) Between coupling portions 78 and 80, connecting sub-apparatus 76a comprises a movement portion 82 that makes possible a relative movement of coupling portions 78 and 80, at least in response to the weight of milling device 28, around a bending axis W that, in a completely coupled state, is orthogonal to vertical machine frame direction H and to yaw axis G which is parallel to the latter. Bending axis W is drawn in FIG. 3 orthogonally to the drawing plane of that Figure. It lies in fact in an alignment plane that is spanned by parallels to longitudinal machine frame direction L and to transverse machine frame direction Q.

(28) Instead of the chain depicted by way of example in movement portion 82, connecting sub-apparatus 76a can also comprise a cable segment. The shanks (solid, in the example depicted) of coupling portions 78 and 80 can likewise be constituted by a chain or a cable.

(29) FIG. 4 shows the advantageous alignment of milling device 28 relative to machine frame 12. Compared with the state in FIG. 3, machine frame 12 has been lifted by lifting columns 14 and 15 with respect to substrate U, and milling device 28, connected to machine frame 12 solely via connecting apparatus 76, has thereby been lifted off from substrate U.

(30) Milling device 28 in FIG. 4 is swingingly connected, solely via connecting apparatus 76, to machine frame 12 and hangs freely therefrom.

(31) Swinging(ly) does not mean, for purposes of the present Application, that milling device 28, or a working device in general, actually needs to perform a swinging motion. It simply means that it can perform such a motion. The swinging motion means that milling device 28 can perform a motion orthogonally to the effective direction of gravity g, in which context, because of the suspension on machine frame 12 with each connecting sub-apparatus 76a and 76b, it travels in positively guided fashion along a partial circular path, so that with increasing deflection orthogonally to the effective direction of gravity it is moved away from the extended state shown in FIG. 4 and away from substrate U, and thus gains potential energy. The potential energy at the top dead center point of a swinging motion acts as an energy source for a subsequent return motion back to the extended position depicted (bottom dead center point). This can be overshot, and because of the external friction between connecting apparatus 76 and machine frame 12 on the one hand and milling device 28 on the other hand, and because of the internal friction within connecting apparatus 76, this swinging motion is gradually brought to a stop, which will then occur at the point at which the milling device exhibits the lowest potential energy under the respectively existing suspension conditions. Graphically, the farther away milling device 28 is from its alignment position required for operable fastening onto machine frame 12 before hanging freely in the alignment plane, the greater the amplitude of the swinging motion that will take place. This does not represent a problem, however, since the swinging motion will always end in the region of the alignment position. With a greater initial amplitude it can simply take longer for the swinging motion to decay than with a smaller initial motion amplitude. If the aforesaid friction effects cause the motion to decay before milling device 28 reaches its exact alignment position, the relative position of the freely hanging milling device 28 can be manually adjusted until sufficient alignment is attained.

(32) Connecting sub-apparatuses 76a, 76b, and further connecting sub-apparatuses not depicted, are dimensioned in such a way that in a coupled state they reach their extended position, in which the potential energy of milling device 28 assumes a minimum, when fastening formations 56 and 60 and the associated fastening counter-formations 58 and 62 are aligned with one another in such a way that they can be fastened operably onto one another merely by bringing machine frame 12 and milling device 28 closer to one another.

(33) Preferably, the fastening formations and associated fastening counter-formations are perfectly aligned when they are lined up with one another in the effective direction of gravity g.

(34) This is the case in FIG. 4.

(35) FIG. 5 depicts the state in which milling device 28, after alignment by being allowed to hang freely on machine frame 12, is set back down onto substrate U. Machine frame 12 is brought sufficiently close to milling device 28 that connecting apparatus 76 can be removed again from machine frame 12 and from milling device 28. The state of machine frame 12 and of milling device 28 thus corresponds to that of FIG. 3, except that milling device 28 is now aligned relative to machine frame 12 for operable fastening thereonto.

(36) In FIG. 6, after the removal of connecting apparatus 76 machine frame 12 is now brought all the way against milling device 28 so that installation plates 52 and 44 on the one hand, and 54 and 46 on the other hand, touch one another. Because of the alignment previously carried out, fastening formations 56 and 60 are lined up with fastening counter-formations 58 and 62 respectively associated with them, so that in the state shown in FIG. 6, milling device can be fastened operably, i.e. in operational readiness to carry out an earth-removing milling task, onto machine frame 12. As can be seen in FIG. 6, in the illustrated embodiment the fastening formations 56 and 60 and the fastening counter-formations 58 and 62 may be described as openings or bores.

(37) FIG. 7 shows earth working machine 10 with milling device 28 fastened operably onto machine frame 12. Fastening means 84 and 86 respectively pass through fastening formation 56 and fastening counter-formation 58, and through fastening formation 60 and fastening counter-formation 62. By way of example, fastening means 84 and 86 are a screw/nut combination. Any other known fastening means can be used, however, instead of fastening means 84 and 86 that are depicted, for example fastening bolts or hydraulically actuatable quick fasteners, which can be provided permanently on machine frame 12 and/or on milling device 28 in order to establish and release a fastening engagement.

(38) With the method presented here, working devices in general can be easily and quickly aligned relative to machine frame 12 of an earth working machine 10, and fastened thereonto, with no appreciable additional devices.

(39) Maneuvering apparatus 48 depicted in the Figures described above does not necessarily have to be used. Machine frame 12 can be moved in a manner known per se parallel to transverse machine direction Q over a working device 28 in contact with substrate U.

(40) The vertical position of working device 28 relative to machine frame 12 can also be established using other lifting devices in addition or alternatively to the on-board lifting columns 14 and 16. For example, maneuvering apparatus 48 could comprise a liftable and lowerable platform on which the working device rests on maneuvering apparatus 48