DISINFECTANT FOR HATCHERIES

Abstract

The invention relates to a stable disinfectant composition and the use of said composition for spraying hatching eggs prior to in ovo vaccination, for disinfecting vaccination equipment including vaccination needles, and for flushing vaccination equipment post vaccination cycles.

Claims

1-13. (canceled)

14. A stable disinfectant composition comprising: a) 40 to 50 wt % sodium percarbonate; b) 20 to 25 wt % tetra acetyl ethylene diamine; c) 10 to 20 wt % anhydrous citric acid; d) 0 to 2 wt % alpha olefin sodium sulfonate; e) 5 to 15 wt % anhydrous sodium acetate; f) 0.01 to 0.02 wt % of an anti-corrosive agent; and g) 5 to 20 wt % of a filler.

15. The stable disinfectant composition according to claim 14, wherein the composition comprises: a) 42 to 48 wt % sodium percarbonate; b) 22 to 23 wt % tetra acetyl ethylene diamine; c) 12 to 18 wt % anhydrous citric acid; d) 0 to 2 wt % alpha olefin sodium sulfonate; e) 8 to 11 wt % anhydrous sodium acetate; f) 0.01 to 0.02 wt % of an anti-corrosive agent; and g) 5 to 11 wt % of a filler.

16. The stable disinfectant composition according to claim 14, wherein the filler is sodium sulfate.

17. The stable disinfectant composition according to claim 14, wherein the anti-corrosive agent is sodium benzoate.

18. The stable disinfectant composition according to claim 14, wherein the composition comprises: a) 44 to 46 wt % sodium percarbonate; b) 22 to 23 wt % tetra acetyl ethylene diamine; c) 14 to 16 wt % anhydrous citric acid; d) 0 wt % alpha olefin sodium sulfonate; e) 9 to 10 wt % anhydrous sodium acetate; 0.01 to 0.02 wt % of sodium benzoate; and g) 5 to 8 wt % of sodium sulfate.

19. The stable disinfectant composition according to claim 14, wherein the composition is in a tablet form.

20. The stable disinfectant composition according to claim 14, wherein the composition is packaged in a sachet or a pouch.

21. The stable disinfectant composition according to claim 14, wherein the composition is packaged in a sachet or a pouch and wherein the sachet or the pouch is made of water-soluble material.

22. The stable disinfectant composition according to claim 14, wherein the composition is dissolved in water at a dilution of 1 to 5%.

23. The composition according to claim 22, wherein the composition is a disinfectant for spraying eggs prior embryo vaccination, for spraying egg vaccination equipment, and/or for flushing of vaccination equipment.

24. The composition according to claim 14, wherein the composition is dissolved in tap water at room temperature and at a dilution of 2 to 3%.

25. The composition according to claim 22, which is a disinfectant which is effective in killing E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Staphylococcus species and/or Salmonella species.

26. A method of disinfecting eggs comprising the steps of dissolving a composition according to claim 14, in tap water at room temperature and at a concentration of 1 to 5%, and contacting the disinfectant solution for 3 to 5 seconds with the surfaces of said eggs.

27. A method of disinfecting hatchery equipment comprising the steps of dissolving a composition according to claim 14, in tap water at room temperature and at a concentration of 1 to 5%, and contacting the disinfectant solution for 3 to 5 seconds with surfaces of said hatchery equipment.

28. A method of disinfecting vaccination equipment comprising the steps of dissolving a composition according to claim 14, in tap water at room temperature and at a concentration of 1 to 5%, and contacting the disinfectant solution for 3 to 5 seconds with surfaces of vaccination equipment.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] In a first aspect, this invention relates, to a stable disinfectant composition comprising: [0011] a. 40 to 50 wt % sodium percarbonate [0012] b. 20 to 25 wt % tetra acetyl ethylene diamine [0013] c. 10 to 20 wt % anhydrous citric acid [0014] d. 0 to 2 wt % alpha olefin sodium sulfonate [0015] e. 5 to 15 wt % anhydrous sodium acetate [0016] f. 0.01 to 0.02 wt % of an anti-corrosive agent [0017] g. 5 to 20 wt % of a filler.

[0018] Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents that are applied to the surface of non-living objects to destroy microorganisms that are living on the objects.

[0019] As used herein, the term wt % means a weight/weight ratio relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0020] Sodium percarbonate (CAS 15630-89-4) or peroxy sodium carbonate, or sodium carbonate peroxide, or sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate rate is an adduct of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide (a perhydrate), with the following formula (2 Na.sub.2CO.sub.3. H.sub.2O.sub.2). It is a colorless, crystalline, hygroscopic and water-soluble solid. Sodium percarbonate is more eco-friendly than sodium perborate commonly used in the industry because it degrades into oxygen, water and sodium carbonate.

[0021] Tetra acetyl ethylene diamine (TAED) (CAS 10543-57-4) is a peracetic acid generator. A suitable supplier of TAED is Warwick Chemicals. The TAED may be an uncoated TAED, for example a uncoated powdered form of TAED. A suitable TAED is MykonR B675 TAED.

[0022] Alpha olefin sodium sulfonate or sodium C.sub.14-16 alpha olefin sulfonate surfactants provide outstanding detergent activity with a high compatibility with hard water, and good wetting and foaming properties. It comprises approximately 90 to 95% sulfonic acids, C.sub.14-16-alkane hydroxy and C.sub.14-16-alkene, sodium salts with the remaining 5 to 10% Sodium Sulfate. They are available from Parchem.

[0023] Anhydrous citric acid is used in the present composition as a pH controller and buffer agent. Anhydrous means that the substance has no or limited amount of water and is in a dry, granulated form.

[0024] Anhydrous sodium acetate also abbreviated NaOAc also known as sodium ethanoate, is the sodium salt of acetic acid.

[0025] Anti-corrosive agent or corrosion inhibitor is a chemical compound that, when added to a liquid, decreases the corrosion rate of a material, typically a metal or an alloy. Any liquid anti-corrosive agent may be used in the composition of the present invention. Preferred anti-corrosive agent is sodium benzoate.

[0026] For the composition according to the present invention, any filler which is highly soluble in water may be used. Preferred filler according to the present invention is the inorganic compound with formula Na.sub.2SO.sub.4:sodium sulfate.

[0027] The composition according to the present invention preferably comprises: [0028] a. 42 to 48 wt % sodium percarbonate [0029] b. 22 to 23 wt % tetra acetyl ethylene diamine [0030] c. 12 to 18 wt % anhydrous citric acid [0031] d. 0 to 2 wt % alpha olefin sodium sulfonate [0032] e. 8 to 11 wt % anhydrous sodium acetate [0033] f. 0.01 to 0.02 wt % of an anti-corrosive agent [0034] g. 5 to 11 wt % of a filler.

[0035] More preferably, the composition according to the present invention comprises: [0036] a. 44 to 46 wt % sodium percarbonate [0037] b. 22 to 23 wt % tetra acetyl ethylene diamine [0038] c. 14 to 16 wt % anhydrous citric acid [0039] d. 0 wt % alpha olefin sodium sulfonate [0040] e. 9 to 10 wt % anhydrous sodium acetate [0041] f. 0.01 to 0.02 wt % of sodium benzoate [0042] g. 5 to 8 wt % of sodium sulfate.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention is provided in a solid form including free flowing powder form or tablet. Preferably the composition is in a powder form, and packaged in bags, sachets or pouches. Even more preferably, sachets or pouches are made of water soluble material such as polyvinylalcohol as it is well known to the person skilled in the art.

[0044] Prior using the composition as a liquid disinfectant, the composition needs to be dissolved in tap water. Effective concentration of the composition according to the present invention is reached when the composition is dissolved at 1 to 5% concentration in water at room temperature, preferably 2 to 3%. Therefore, for the ease of use, and for safety purposes, unidose packages are provided for predefined amounts of water.

[0045] Surprisingly, the present composition when used in powder form was found to dissolve very rapidly in tap water at room temperature within 5 minutes and at very different concentrations of Mg, Ca or Na salts.

[0046] Another object of the present invention is to provide the use of a composition comprising: [0047] a. 40 to 50 wt % sodium percarbonate [0048] b. 20 to 25 wt % tetra acetyl ethylene diamine [0049] c. 10 to 20 wt % anhydrous citric acid [0050] d. 0 to 2 wt % alpha olefin sodium sulfonate [0051] e. 5 to 15 wt % anhydrous sodium acetate [0052] f. 0.01 to 0.02 wt % of an anti-corrosive agent [0053] g. 5 to 20 wt % of a filler,
wherein said composition is dissolved in tap water at room temperature at a concentration of 1 to 5% as a disinfectant for spraying eggs prior embryo vaccination, for spraying egg vaccination equipment, and/or for flushing of vaccination equipment. Preferably, the composition is dissolved at a concentration of 2 to 3%.

[0054] In ovo vaccination is carried out by machines. These machines perform a number of actions to ensure good vaccination of the chick inside the egg. Benefits of in ovo vaccination include uniformity in mass vaccination, avoidance of bird stress, controlled hygienic conditions, and earlier immunity with less interference from maternal antibodies. However, the entire in ovo vaccination process should be performed in sterile condition so as to prevent any introduction of microbial pathogens and/or contaminants into the eggs.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, the present composition dissolved in water is effective in killing E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Staphylococcus spp, Salmonella, spp, such as S. gallinarum, or S. enteritidis.

[0056] Another object of the present invention is a method of disinfecting eggs and hatchery equipment, including vaccination equipment, comprising the steps of dissolving a composition comprising: [0057] a. 40 to 50 wt % sodium percarbonate [0058] b. 20 to 25 wt % tetra acetyl ethylene diamine [0059] c. 10 to 20 wt % anhydrous citric acid [0060] d. 0 to 2 wt % alpha olefin sodium sulfonate [0061] e. 5 to 15 wt % anhydrous sodium acetate [0062] f. 0.01 to 0.02 wt % of an anti-corrosive agent [0063] g. 5 to 20 wt % of a filler,
in tap water at room temperature and at a concentration of 1 to 5%, and contacting the disinfectant solution for 3 to 5 seconds with surfaces to be treated.

[0064] All embodiments described above for the stable disinfectant composition also apply to the use of said composition, and to the method of disinfection as described above.

EXAMPLES

Example 1: Stable Disinfectant Composition

[0065]

TABLE-US-00001 sodium percarbonate 45 wt % tetra acetyl ethylene diamine 22.5 wt % anhydrous citric acid 15 wt % alpha olefin sodium sulfonate 1.44 wt % sodium benzoate 0.016 wt % anhydrous sodium acetate 9.5 wt % sodium sulfate 6.55 wt %

Example 2: Stable Disinfectant Composition

[0066]

TABLE-US-00002 sodium percarbonate 44.5 wt % tetra acetyl ethylene diamine 23 wt % anhydrous citric acid 15 wt % alpha olefin sodium sulfonate 1.44 wt % sodium benzoate 0.016 wt % anhydrous sodium acetate 9.5 wt % sodium sulfate 6.55 wt %

Example 3: Stable Disinfectant Composition

[0067]

TABLE-US-00003 sodium percarbonate 45.5 wt % tetra acetyl ethylene diamine 22 wt % anhydrous citric acid 15 wt % alpha olefin sodium sulfonate 1.44 wt % sodium benzoate 0.016 wt % anhydrous sodium acetate 9.5 wt % sodium sulfate 6.55 wt %

Example 4: Dissolution Rate of the Product of Example 1 Compared to Perasafe

[0068] Perasafe is a composition of the prior art comprising 50 wt % perboric acid sodium salt, 1 wt % sodium carbonate and 15 wt % citric acid

[0069] Both compositions were mixed at 2% concentration in distilled water, and dissolution visually observed after 5 minutes stirring at 187 rpm. Table 1 shows that the composition according to Example 1 dissolves more efficiently than the disinfectant of the prior art Persafe.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 1 Comparative dissolution. Concen- tration in Temper- Rotation Observa- Clarity distilled ature of speed tion after of Formulation water water (rpm) 5 mins. solution Composition 2% 25 C. 187 Completely Clear of Example dissolved 1 PERASAFE 2% 25 C. 187 Small Clear quantity remains undissolved

Example 5: Antimicrobial Efficacy Assays

[0070] Antimicrobial efficacy assays were performed with compositions according to Example 1 at 2, 3, and 4% dilution in water.

Material and Methods:

[0071] Equipment: Laminar air flow. (ENVAIR), Stop watch, Cyclo mixer (REMI CM 101DX), and Incubator operated at 37 C. (LABTOP)

[0072] Chemicals: Sodium meta bisulphite (A.R.) solution (100 mg/ml), Nutrient broth (HIMEDIA) Tested microorganisms: Ps. Aeruginosa (ATCC9027), E. coli (ATCC 8139), S. abony(NCTC 6017), suspensions having count 10.sup.6 cfu/ml.

[0073] Preparation of a 2% liquid solution of the composition of Example 1: Weight accurately 2 g of the composition of Example 1 and dissolve in 100 ml distilled water. Stir sample continuously for about 5 minutes at room temperature until it dissolves completely to obtain a clear solution.

[0074] Bactericidal assays: Bactericidal assay were carried out as detailed below.

1 Positive Control

[0075] To 8 ml nutrient broth add 100 l of P. aeruginosa suspension (10.sup.6 cfu/ml) and mix well. Incubate at 37 C. for 48 hrs.

[0076] After completion of incubation period observe solution for turbidity (bacterial growth).

2 Negative Control

[0077] Incubate 8 ml nutrient broth at 37 C. for 48 hrs. After completion of incubation observe solution for turbidity (bacterial growth).

3 Test

[0078] To 8 ml 2% composition according to Example 1 solution add 100 l of P. aeruginosa suspension (10.sup.6 cfu/ml) with continuous stirring using cyclo mixer and expose for 3 seconds.

[0079] Add 50 l of neutralizer (100 mg/ml) immediately at the end of 3 seconds to the solution stirring continuously and allow standing for 30 seconds (solution A).

[0080] Then transfer 1 ml of solution A to the tube containing 9 ml nutrient broth, mix well and incubate at 37 C. for 48 hrs.

[0081] After completion of incubation period observe the solutions for turbidity (bacterial growth). Repeat same procedure for 3% and 4% solution with the composition of Example 1 as well as with the other microbial strains E. coli and S. abony. Results are shown in Table 2:

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 2 Killing efficacy results % killing efficacy with a solution prepared from composition of Pathogens at Contact Example 1 dissolved in water at: 1 10.sup.6 cfu/ml time 2% 3% 4% E. coli 3 seconds 100 100 100 P. aeruginosa 3 seconds 100 100 100 S. aureus 3 seconds 100 100 100 S. abony 3 seconds 100 100 100

[0082] It may be seen from the above results that an exposure for 3 seconds to 2%, 3% and 4% of the composition according to Example 1 in solution exhibits complete killing of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. abony, S. aureus (with an individual count 110.sup.6 cfu/ml)

[0083] It may therefore be concluded that 2% solution of a solution prepared from the composition of Example 3 is capable of achieving total killing of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. abony, S. aureus thereby making it an effective disinfectant for eggs as well as equipment disinfection

Example 6: Effect of the Water Quality on Stability of the Dissolved Composition and on Killing Efficacy

[0084] The effect of 4 different water sources was compared for the possible effect on dissolution of the composition at three different dilutions in water at room temperature.

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 3 Effect of water quality on dissolution parameters of the composition according to Example 1. Concentration means the concentration of the dilution of the composition according to Example 1 in water. Hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid were measured as described in Example 7. Efficacy has been measured against P. aeruginosa NCIM 200 cell count 10.sup.6 cfu/ml with a contact time of 3 seconds. Solubility was assessed at 25 C. and with a rotational speed of 187 rpm. Dissolved means the solution was completely dissolved after 5 minutes observation. Test parameters Hardness Hydrogen Peracetic Water (ppm of pH of peroxide acid Concentration quality CaCO3) solution (ppm) (ppm) Efficacy Solubility 2% A 110 7.82 1785 2105 100% Killing dissolved B 305 7.93 1784 2100 100% Killing dissolved C 600 7.85 1784 2113 100% Killing dissolved D 920 7.88 1783 2089 100% Killing dissolved 3% A 110 7.89 2500 3367 100% Killing dissolved B 305 7.95 2495 3360 100% Killing dissolved C 600 7.87 2505 3345 100% Killing dissolved D 920 7.88 2506 3354 100% Killing dissolved 4% A 110 7.86 3034 3903 100% Killing Dissolved B 305 7.97 3025 3889 100% Killing dissolved C 600 7.83 3033 3901 100% Killing dissolved D 920 7.87 3099 3900 100% Killing dissolved

[0085] As shown above, water quality has no significant effect on the speed of solubilization of the composition according to Example 1. Furthermore, we have also shown that the water quality has no effect on the antimicrobial efficacy following 3 seconds of exposure.

Example 7: Stability Studies of the Solid Composition According to the Invention

Materials and Methods:

[0086] The following equipment has been used: Stability chambers having Temperature and Humidity control; Magnetic stirrer (REMI 2 ML); and pH Meter (WAVETEK 5000).

[0087] The following chemicals have been used: Standard 0.1M Potassium permanganate(A.R.) solution; Standard 0.1 M Sodium thioslphate(A.R.) solution; Dilute sulphuric acid; Potassium Iodide solution(A.R.); 10% Distilled water.

Experimental Conditions:

[0088]

TABLE-US-00007 Temperature 30 C. Humidity 75% Testing intervals Initial, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 month Temperature 40 C. Humidity 75% Testing intervals Initial, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 month

[0089] Preparation of 2% solution from the composition of Example 1: 2 g of the composition of Example 1 were dissolved in 100 ml distilled water. Sample was stirred continuously until complete dissolution to obtain clear solution. (Solution 1)

Estimation of Peracetic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide:

[0090] 50 ml dilute sulphuric acid were transferred to the 250 ml Iodine flask. 25 ml of above prepared solution 1 were transferred to the flask followed by stirring. Titrate above solution using 0.1 M potassium permanganate solution until slight pink color appears to the solution. Note burette reading (A).

[0091] Add immediately 10 ml 10% potassium iodide solution to the flask.

[0092] Liberated iodine is then titrated using 0.1 M sodium thiosulphate solution until solution become colorless. Note burette reading (B).

Calculation:

[0093] Hydrogen Peroxide (ppm)=Burette reading(A)0.0085Actual molarity of KMnO4 solution10001000 divided by the volume of sample (ml)standard molarity of KMnO.sub.4 solution

[0094] (Each ml of 0.1 M KMnO.sub.4 solution equivalent to 0.0085 gm hydrogen peroxide)

[0095] Peracetic acid (ppm)=Burette reading (B)0.0038Actual molarity of Sodium thiosulphate solution10001000 divided by the volume of sample (ml)standard molarity of Sodium thiosulphate solution.

[0096] (Each ml of 0.1 M sodium thiosulphate solution equivalent to 0.0038 gm peracetic acid)

[0097] Table 4 shows the stability data of the composition according to Example 1 as assessed by preparing a 2% dilution in water, and assessing the pH of the solution, its peracetic acid content, as well as the hydrogen peroxide content following storage of the powder for 0 to 6 month at temperatures of 30 C. or 40 C.

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 4 shows the stability data of the composition according to Example 1. Peracetic Hydrogen acid content peroxide Time pH (ppm) content (month) Temperature Description Data form a 2% solution 0 30 C. White powder 8.10 2200 1785 40 C. White powder 8.10 2200 1785 1 30 C. White powder 7.80 2113 1933 40 C. White powder 7.80 2228 1708 2 30 C. White powder 7.80 2100 1889 40 C. White powder 7.80 2125 1700 3 30 C. White powder 7.78 2120 1782 40 C. White powder 7.82 2028 1754 4 30 C. White powder 7.98 2105 1701 40 C. White powder 7.80 2066 1725 5 30 C. White powder 7.82 2107 1738 40 C. White powder 7.80 2089 1733

[0098] Furthermore, the stability of a composition according to Example 1 after dilution in water at 2, 3, or 4% has been followed for 6 hours according to the method described above. The results (Table 5) show the solution is stable for at least 6 hours.

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 5 Stability of the composition according to Example 1 in solution. Concentration of Test parameters Composition of Peracetic Hydrogen Example 1 in Appear- pH of acid Peroxide solution at: Time ance solution (ppm) (ppm) 2% 0 hour Clear 7.82 2105 1785 4 hours Clear 7.93 2065 1785 6 hours Clear 8.11 2013 1755 3% 0 hour Clear 7.70 3367 2500 4 hours Clear 7.80 3167 2495 6 hours Clear 7.96 3054 2455 4% 0 hour Clear 7.70 3903 3034 4 hours Clear 7.92 3888 2956 6 hours Clear 8.26 3445 2847

TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 6 Stability of the killing activity. 100% means 100% killing efficacy. 3 and 5 means 3 seconds and 5 seconds contact with the composition according to Example 1 at 2, 3 and 4% concentration, respectively. Composition according to Example 1 in 0 hour 4 hours 6 hours solution at: Stage 3 5 3 5 3 5 2% E. coli 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% NCIM 2065 P. aeruginosa 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% NCIM 2200 S. abony 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% NCIM 2257 S. aureus 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% NCIM 2079 3% E. coli 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% NCIM 2065 P. aeruginosa 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% NCIM 2200 S. abony 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% NCIM 2257 S. aureus 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% NCIM 2079 4% E. coli 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% NCIM 2065 P. aeruginosa 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% NCIM 2200 S. abony 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% NCIM 2257 S. aureus 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% NCIM 2079

Example 8: Antimicrobial Efficacy

[0099] A 2% solution from the composition of Example 1 has been prepared as follows: 2 g of the composition of Example 1 were dissolved in 100 ml distilled water. Sample was stirred continuously until complete dissolution to obtain clear solution (Solution A).

[0100] To 5 ml aliquot of Solution A, 0.1 ml of bacterial culture having a density of approximately 10.sup.6 cfu/ml was added and kept at a temperature between 18 and 20 C. with intermittent shaking. After different time intervals (Killing/Innactivation contact time of 5, 10 or 60 seconds), a loopfull was added in a test tube containing sterile nutrient broth for bacterial cultures, and sterile Sabouraud broth for fungal spp. Then all the nutrient broth tubes were incubated at 37 C. for 48 hours, while Sabouraud broth tubes were incubated at room temperature in the dark for 72 hours to observe growth or inactivation.

[0101] The results obtained are summarized in Table 7.

TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 7 N means no viable organisms have been observed; V means organisms were observed. MRSA means the strain is a multi-resistant S. aureus. Viability/Inhibition after a contact time of: Test microorganism 5 Sec. 10 Sec. 60 Sec. E. coli (ATCC 25922) N N N S. typhimurium (NCTC 786) N N N P. aeruginosa (Fisher's immunotype IV) N N N S. aureus (ATCC 25923- MRSA) N N N C. albicans (ATCC 10231) N N N A. Niger (ATCC-16404) V N N

[0102] This data confirms the speed of kill of the composition according to the present invention

Example 9: Stable Disinfectant Composition

[0103]

TABLE-US-00012 sodium percarbonate 45 wt % tetra acetyl ethylene diamine 22.5 wt % anhydrous citric acid 15 wt % sodium benzoate 0.016 wt % anhydrous sodium acetate 9.5 wt % sodium sulfate 6.55 wt %

[0104] The stability of a composition according to Example 9 after dilution in water at 2, or 4% has been followed for 6 hours according to the method described above. The results (Table 8) show the solution is stable for at least 6 hours.

TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 8 Concentration of Test parameters Composition of Peracetic Hydrogen Example 9 in Appear- pH of acid Peroxide solution at: Time ance solution (ppm) (ppm) 2% 0 hour Clear 7.32 2209 1798 4 hours Clear 7.39 2189 1785 6 hours Clear 7.40 2103 1785 4% 0 hour Clear 7.32 3922 3036 4 hours Clear 7.39 3898 2965 6 hours Clear 7.40 3500 2879