Dental implant, abutment, implant system and implant set

Abstract

A dental implant for insertion in a jaw bone has a receiving opening arranged on a coronal end of the dental implant for an abutment, the receiving opening when viewed from the coronal end having a taper section and an indexing section, the indexing section having at least one outwardly extending groove arranged along a circular circumference, the taper section having a conical angle of less than 3.

Claims

1. An implant system, comprising a dental implant for insertion in a jaw bone, said implant having a receiving opening arranged on a coronal end of the dental implant, said receiving opening when viewed from the coronal end having a taper section and an indexing section, the indexing section having four outwardly extending grooves arranged along a circular circumference, the taper section having a taper angle of less than 3, each of said four outwardly extending grooves having two parallel straight side surfaces opposing each other in circumferential direction of the dental implant, said two parallel straight sides being perpendicular to and extending 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm from a common straight end surface arranged perpendicular to an imagined line which extends radially from a center axis of the implant, wherein a ratio of a section of the circular circumference along which no grooves are arranged and a section of the circular circumference along which the grooves are arranged is between 0.61 and 0.84 which provides a mechanically favorable ratio between a depth of the grooves and a total distance of the grooves to each other; and an abutment having an indexing section with four cams engaging with the four grooves of the dental implant.

2. The implant system of claim 1, wherein the taper angle is between 1 and 2.

3. The implant system of claim 2, wherein the taper angle is 1.4.

4. The dental system of claim 1, wherein the side surfaces have a length of 0.8 mm to 1.5 mm.

5. The dental implant of claim 4, wherein the side surfaces have a length of 1 mm.

6. The dental system of claim 1, wherein a circular support surface for supporting introduction of the abutment is formed on the indexing section.

7. The dental system of claim 1, wherein an inner screw threading adjoins the indexing section viewed from the coronal end.

8. An implant system, comprising: a dental implant for insertion in a jaw bone, said implant having a receiving opening arranged on a coronal end of the dental implant, said receiving opening when viewed from the coronal end having a first taper section and an indexing section, the indexing section having four outwardly extending grooves arranged along a circular circumference; and an abutment received in the receiving opening of the dental implant, said abutment comprising a second taper section and a cylindrical guide section receivable in the indexing section of the dental implant, the first taper section and the second taper section having an angle of less than 3, each of said four outwardly extending grooves having two parallel straight side surfaces opposing each other in circumferential direction of the dental implant, said two parallel straight sides being perpendicular to and extending 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm from a common straight end surface arranged perpendicular to an imagined line which extends radially from a center axis of the implant, said first and second taper sections being dimensioned so as to contact each other at least partially, wherein a ratio of a section of the circular circumference along which no grooves are arranged and a section of the circular circumference along which the grooves are arranged is between 0.61 and 0.84 which provides a mechanically favorable ratio between a depth of the grooves and a total distance of the grooves to each other.

9. An implant set comprising: a least one dental implant, said at least one dental implant having a receiving opening arranged on a coronal end of the dental implant for an abutment, said receiving opening when viewed from the coronal end having a taper section and an indexing section, the indexing section having four outwardly extending grooves arranged along a circular circumference, the taper section having a conical angle of less than 3, each of said four outwardly extending grooves having two parallel straight side surfaces opposing each other in circumferential direction of the dental implant, said two parallel straight sides being perpendicular to and extending 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm from a common straight end surface arranged perpendicular to an imagined line which extends radially from a center axis of the implant; and at least one auxiliary element selected from the group consisting of impression post gingiva-forcer and insertion post, wherein a ratio of a section of the circular circumference along which no grooves are arranged and a section of the circular circumference along which the grooves are arranged is between 0.61 and 0.84 which provides a mechanically favorable ratio between a depth of the grooves and a total distance of the grooves to each other.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

(1) Other features and advantages of the present invention will be more readily apparent upon reading the following description of currently preferred exemplified embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a dental implant with a conical section and an indexing section in a preferred embodiment in a side section,

(3) FIG. 2 shows the dental implant according to FIG. 1 in a perspective section,

(4) FIG. 3 shows the inner region of the dental implant according to FIGS. 1 and 2 in a cross section,

(5) FIG. 4 shows an abutment in a first preferred embodiment in a perspective view,

(6) FIG. 5 shows the abutment according to FIG. 4 in a side section,

(7) FIG. 6 shows the abutment according to FIGS. 4 and 5 in a cross section,

(8) FIG. 7 shows an abutment in a second preferred embodiment in a perspective view,

(9) FIG. 8 shows the abutment according to FIG. 7 in a side section,

(10) FIG. 9 shows an implant system with a dental implant according of FIGS. 1 to 3 and an abutment according to FIGS. 7 and 8,

(11) FIG. 10 shows the implant system according to FIG. 9 in a side-perspective section,

(12) FIG. 11 shows an implant system with a dental implant according to FIGS. 1 to 3 and an abutment according to FIGS. 4 to 6 in a perspective view from outside,

(13) FIG. 12 shows the implant system according to FIG. 11 in a perspective section,

(14) FIG. 13 shows an impression post for an implant set in a preferred embodiment in a perspective view,

(15) FIG. 14 shows the impression post according to FIG. 13 in a side section,

(16) FIG. 15 shows the impression post according to FIGS. 13 and 14 in a cross section,

(17) FIG. 16 shows an impression post for an implant set in a second preferred embodiment in a perspective view,

(18) FIG. 17 shows the impression post according to FIG. 16 in a side section,

(19) FIG. 18 shows the impression post according to FIGS. 16 and 17 in a cross section,

(20) FIG. 19 shows an implant set with an impression post according to FIG. 18, a fixing screw and a dental implant according to FIGS. 1 to 3 in a preferred embodiment in a side section,

(21) FIG. 20 shows the implant set according to FIG. 19 in a perspective section,

(22) FIG. 21 shows a gingiva-former for an implant set in a preferred embodiment in a side section,

(23) FIG. 22 shows the gingiva former according to FIG. 21 in a perspective view,

(24) FIG. 23 shows an implant set with a gingiva former according to FIGS. 2 and 22 and a dental implant according to FIGS. 1 to 3 in a preferred embodiment in a side section,

(25) FIG. 24 shows the implant set according to FIG. 23 in a perspective section,

(26) FIG. 25 shows an implant set with a insertion post and a dental implant according to FIGS. 1 to 3 in a preferred embodiment in a side section,

(27) FIG. 26 shows the implant set according to FIG. 25 in a perspective sections and

(28) FIG. 27 shows a representation of the cross section of a dental implant for explaining the free angle and the groove angle.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(29) Throughout all the Figures, same or corresponding elements are generally indicated by same reference numerals. These depicted embodiments are to be understood as illustrative of the invention and not as limiting in any way. It should also be understood that the drawings are not necessarily to scale and that the embodiments are sometimes illustrated by graphic symbols, phantom lines, diagrammatic representations and fragmentary views. In certain instances, details which are not necessary for an understanding of the present invention or which render other details difficult to perceive may have been omitted.

(30) A dental implant 2 shown in a side section in FIG. 1 and in a perspective section in FIG. 1, has an implant body 8, which is made substantially from pure titanium Grade 4 and an outer threading 10. Other preferred materials are for example titanium Grade 5 or titanium alloys.

(31) At a coronal end 14 the dental implant 2 has a receiving opening 20 for receiving an abutment. Viewed from the direction of the coronal end 14 the receiving opening 20 has a conical section 26 which is rotation symmetrical around a center axis M and a substantially adjoining indexing section 32 which thereby forms a step 28. Adjoining thereon is a threading 38, which is configured as inner threading and serves for receiving a fixing screw by which an abutment can be screwed to the implant.

(32) The dental implant 2 is configured to transmit the forces, which act on the abutment or the artificial prosthesis and which are in particular generated by chewing, grinding and biting movements, as evenly and deeply as possible into the implant. For this at the same time a deep conical connection with a tendency for cold welding is combined with a rotation-proof connection.

(33) A conical angle of the taper section 26 (i.e., the angle between an imagined line parallel to the center axis of the dental implant 2 and an imagined line through the outer surface of the implant) is 1.4, so that the conical section is thus configured as Morse taper. The taper angle corresponds to half of the so-called total taper angle. Such a steep taper allows a relatively long conical section in which the abutment and the implant form a form fitting and force fitting connection. Due to the large contact surface, forces can be conducted from the abutment deep into the implant. Due to the adjoining rotation-proof part, forces can be introduced even deeper whereby there rotational forces can also be absorbed. Overall a very deep force transmission is therefore possible.

(34) In the present exemplary embodiment, the taper section 26 has a taper length l.sub.k of 3 mm. The radius of the taper section 26 becomes smaller in a transitional section 34 bordering the indexing section 32 in the manner of a convex contour. The radially narrowing region forms a rounded step 28 between the taper section 26 and the indexing section 32.

(35) An indexing length l.sub.i, which defines the length of the indexing section 32, is 1 mm, so that the total length l.sub.g, the sum of conical length l.sub.k and indexing length l.sub.i, is 4 mm. The threading 38 has a threading length l.sub.s of 2.3 mm.

(36) The indexing section 32 is shown in a cross section in FIG. 3. Along a circular circumference 50 four grooves 56 are arranged in a configuration resembling the Swiss Cross. Each of the four grooves has respective side surfaces 62, which are each positioned perpendicular to a common end surface 68.

(37) The side surfaces 62 have preferablyin the direction of the center axis Ma length l.sub.f of 0.8 mm to 1.5 mm, in particular and in the present exemplary embodiment 1 mm. The length l.sub.f corresponds hereby to the length l.sub.i of the indexing section 32. Depending on the interface diameter an end surface width a is preferably 0.7 mm to 1.0 mm and the depth of the grooves or side surfaces b is preferably 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm depending on the interface diameter. In the shown exemplary embodiment the length l.sub.f is 1.0 mm, the end surface width a is 1.0 mm and the side surface depth b is 0.30 mm.

(38) The indexing section 32 includes in a manner of speaking four parallel prisms which are arranged along the circular circumference 50 and which are 1 mm in height in axial direction. The grooves 56 extend hereby over the entire indexing length l.sub.i. Such a configuration is suited for highest torques and does not show any tendency for cold welding when an abutment or screw-in tool is used which has a shape congruent outer contours, i.e., which has four cams on a circular circumference, which can be brought into engagement in grooves 56. In addition this interface provides a minimal rotational play. The interface between the implant and the abutment is configured as groove cam connection.

(39) The recess of parallel-walled prisms or grooves 56 forms, when viewed from the coronal end 14 of the implant 2, a support surface 74 for an abutment. An abutment which has an outer contour with four cams which is shaped congruent to the inner shape of the indexing region 32 can initially be placed on the support surface 74 before it is inserted into the dental implant 2 for final fixation. By rotating the abutment clockwise or counter clockwise the desired orientation of the abutment can be sought. As soon as the desired orientation is determined the abutment can then be pushed into the implant. The support surface 74 defines an intermediate or in-between position during insertion of the abutment. The side surfaces 62 and the end surfaces 68 serve as guide surfaces for the abutment during insertion.

(40) An abutment 80 in a first preferred embodiment is shown in a perspective view in FIG. 4 and has a taper section 86 and an indexing section 92. The taper section 86 has a taper angle a which corresponds to the taper angle a of the dental implant 2. When inserting the abutment 80 into the dental implant 2 a self inhibiting connection, which tends to cold welding, is realized between the taper section 86 of the abutment 80 and the taper section 26 of the dental implant due to the small taper angle .

(41) The indexing section 92 of the abutment 80 has four cams 98, which are configured as parallel-walled prisms, and in the assembled state can be brought into engagement with the grooves 56 of the dental implant 2, thereby generating through a form fit a rotation-proof connection between the dental implant 2 and the abutment 80. The abutment has in a coronal region a functional part 100 for fastening artificial dental prostheses, in particular for cementing a crown. The cams 98 have a contour, which is congruent to the grooves 56 of the dental implant 2. The cams 98 each have an end face 106 and two side surfaces 108 which are perpendicular thereto and which are arranged along an imagined circular circumference. Between the functional part 100 and the taper section 86 the abutment 80 has a gingiva section 104, which has an emergence profile for forming the gingiva. A cross section through the abutment 80 is shown in FIG. 6. The abutment 80 has an inner threading 114 or inner screw threading for inserting a special tool. This makes it possible to release the abutment 80 again from the dental implant 2 even when the two taper sections 26, 86 are already cold welded to each other.

(42) An abutment 80 in a second preferred embodiment is shown in a perspective view in FIG. 7. In contrast to the abutment 80 according to FIG. 4, the abutment 80 according to FIG. 7 has no indexing section. Instead it includes a cylindrical guide section 112. An outer diameter u is dimensioned so that it corresponds to the diameter of the circular circumference 50 of the dental implant 2. When inserting the here shown abutment 80 into the dental implant 2, the guide section 112 serves for guiding the abutment 80 while it is inserted into the dental implant 2. An indexing is hereby not effected. The treating physician or dental technician can thus freely choose the orientation of the abutment 80 relative to the dental implant 2 during the insertion procedure.

(43) FIGS. 9 and 10 show an implant system 126 in a first preferred embodiment with a dental implant 2 shown on top and an abutment 80 according to FIGS. 7 and 8 which instead of an indexing section has a guide section 112. Here, the abutment 80 is fully inserted into the dental implant 2 and can be compressed when the patient bites down on the crown or it can be screwed tight with anot shownfixing screw.

(44) FIGS. 11 and 12 show an implant system 126 in a second preferred embodiment in which the abutment 80, which is shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, includes an indexing section 932 with four cams 98 resulting in four different orientations in the indexing section 32 of the dental implant 2.

(45) A impression post 150 shown in FIGS. 13 to 15 in a first preferred configuration has a conically shaped insertion section 152 which is inserted into the taper section 26 of the dental implant 2 during forming the impression. With this special impression post 150 multiple dental implants 2, which may also strongly differ from each other or be skewed, can be molded. In the dental reconstruction these implants are grouped together and thus interlocked. Due to the interlocking, the position and orientation of the index of the implants is not required. The connection design starts after the support shoulder with a short (0.3 mm long) taper 151 whose angle follows with the conical angle of the dental implant 2. Following this is a further taper 155 whose angle is significantly greater. Particularly advantageous is an angle of 25 to 35. The flat taper 155 facilitates pulling off the impression tray owing to a resulting common pull-off direction, and correspondingly offers sufficient possibilities to pull insertion posts, which are arranged at an angle to other, out of the implant without noticeable deformation of the impression material.

(46) An impression post 150 shown in the FIGS. 16 to 18 in a second preferred embodiment has an indexing section with four cams 162 which adjoins an insertion section which is configured as a cylindrical transition region 153, which cams can be brought in engagement with the grooves 56 of the dental implant during the impression to form a form fitting connection, so that the orientation or indexing of the implant in the human jaw can be transferred to a (master) model. The connection design starts after the support shoulder with a short (0.3 mm long) taper 151 whose angle follows with the conical angle of the implant. Adjoining thereon is a further taper 155 whose angle is significantly greater. The second taper ends in a cylindrical transition region 153, which represents the transition to the indexing region 158.

(47) FIG. 27 schematically shows the cross section of the dental implant 2. Arranged along the circular circumference 50 are four grooves 56. The radius of the circle which defines the circular circumference 50 is designated r. The respective groove 56 has two contact points p.sub.1, p.sub.2 in the circular circumference 50. The circular section or the angle which covers the circular section which lies between these contact points p.sub.1, p.sub.2 is a groove angle or an opening angle, the correspondingly covered groove arc length of the circle is c. Between the contact point p.sub.2 and one of the contact point p.sub.1 of a neighboring groove 56 a section of the circular circumference 50, whose free arc length is referred to as d, is covered, wherein an associated free angle is referred to as . The groove angle or the opening angle is the angle between two imagined lines l.sub.1 and l.sub.2 which extend through the center of the circle, which circle defines the circular circumference 50, and through the contact points p.sub.1, p.sub.2. The following relationships apply:

(48) $=2*\arcsin \frac{\frac{}{2}}{r},c=\frac{*r*}{180},d=\frac{*r*90}{180}-c$

(49) Hereby, the units of and are degrees (), c and d are respectively expressed as arc length. The ratio of free angle to groove and l.sub.t, i.e., / or d/c in the dental implant 2 shown in FIG. 1 ff is 0.61.

(50) A ratio in the range of 0.61 and 0.84 is hereby particularly advantageous because it results in a mechanically favorable ratio between depth of the grooves or side surface b and total distance of the grooves to each other. As a result of the relatively wide end faces a, the side surface depth b increases proportionally. The side surface depth b should be as great as possible for transmitting the required insertion torques and for avoiding a cold welding. On the other hand the total distance of the grooves e should be as small as possible so that the cross sectional surface of the implant body and the geometrical moment of inertia under bending and torsional load is as great as possible.

(51) Further a highest manufacturing precision is easier to ensure for a wide groove (end face width a) and shallow groove (side surface depth b) than for a narrow and deep groove.

(52) Finally in the case of a wide groove the enclosed hollow space or a volume f, namely in a certain sense the hollow space of the index intermediate region which is defined by the plane between an arc length of the circular circumference between two grooves which are delimited by a contact point p.sub.2 of a groove and the contact point p.sub.1 of a neighboring groove and secant s which runs through these two points and a line If which is perpendicular thereto. This minimizes the possible contamination of the implant interior with fluids an bacteria.

(53) While the invention has been illustrated and described in connection with currently preferred embodiments shown and described in detail, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and practical application to thereby enable a person skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

(54) What is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims and includes equivalents of the elements recited therein: