Method for Cutting a Separator Foil, Separator Foil and Battery Cell

Abstract

The invention relates to a Method for cutting a separator foil (41) for an electrode assembly for a battery cell, the separator foil (41) containing a polymer layer (45) and a ceramic layer (46), by dint of a laser beam (80), the laser beam (80) being emitted by an ultrashort pulse laser and consisting of ultrashort pulses of light, whereat the laser beam (80) propagates in a propagation direction (z) and is linear polarized in a vertical direction (x), and whereat the laser beam (80) is directed onto the separator foil (41) and is moved along the separator foil (41) in a cutting direction (s). The invention also relates to a separator foil (41) cut using the method according to the invention and a battery cell containing at least one such separator foil (41).

Claims

1. A method for cutting a separator foil for an electrode assembly for a battery cell, the separator foil containing a polymer layer and a ceramic layer, by dint of a laser beam emitted by an ultrashort pulse laser and consisting of ultrashort pulses of light, wherein the laser beam is propagated in a propagation direction and is linear polarized in a vertical direction relative to the propagation direction, and wherein the laser beam is directed onto the separator foil and is moved along the separator foil in one or more cutting directions.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a pulse duration of the ultrashort pulses of light of the laser beam is in a range between 80 fs and 100 ps.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ultrashort pulses of light of the laser beam are emitted by the ultrashort pulse laser with a frequency in a range between 0.1 MHz and 2 MHz.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a wavelength of the ultrashort pulses of light of the laser beam is in a range between 343 nm and 1300 nm.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laser beam is oriented such that the propagation direction, the vertical direction and the one or more cutting directions are aligned within the same plane.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laser beam is oriented such that the propagation direction is aligned orthogonal to the one or more cutting directions.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laser beam is oriented such that the vertical direction is aligned parallel to the one or more cutting directions.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laser beam is directed onto the polymer layer of the separator foil.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein a diffractive optical element is arranged between the ultrashort pulse laser and the separator foil and the laser beam passes through the diffractive optical element.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the diffractive optical element is configured such that a Gaussian intensity distribution of the laser beam is transformed into an at least substantially uniform intensity distribution.

11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the diffractive optical element includes a focusing lens and a diffractive pattern.

12. The method according to claim 9, wherein the diffractive optical element is configured and arranged such that a first diameter of the laser beam on a surface of the separator foil is in a range between 3 times and 5 times of a diffraction limited spot size.

13. A separator foil for an electrode assembly for a battery cell, cut using the method according to claim 1.

14. A battery cell, comprising at least one electrode assembly containing at least one separator foil produced using the method according to claim 1.

15. A method for using of a battery cell according to claim 14, comprising incorporating the battery cell into one of an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid electric vehicle (REV), a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV), a stationary battery and a consumer product.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] For a better understanding of the aforementioned embodiments of the invention as well as additional embodiments thereof, reference should be made to the description of embodiments below, in conjunction with the appended drawings showing:

[0029] FIG. 1 a schematic view at a battery cell,

[0030] FIG. 2 a schematic view at a linear polarized laser beam,

[0031] FIG. 3 a schematic perspective view at a laser beam cutting a separator foil,

[0032] FIG. 4 a schematic view at a laser beam penetrating a diffractive optical element,

[0033] FIG. 4a a Gaussian intensity distribution,

[0034] FIG. 4b a top-hat intensity distribution,

[0035] FIG. 5a a separator foil cut by a laser beam with Gaussian intensity distribution and

[0036] FIG. 5b a separator foil cut by a laser beam with top-hat intensity distribution.

[0037] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The drawings only provide schematic views of the invention. Like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts, elements or components throughout the figures, unless indicated otherwise.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0038] FIG. 1 shows a schematic view at a battery cell 2. The battery cell 2 contains a housing 3 which is for example of pouch type and which has a prismatic shape. The battery cell 2 further contains an electrode assembly 10, which is arranged within the housing 3. The housing 3 is a for example bag or a pouch made of a soft material or can be a can made of a stiff material that surrounds the electrode assembly 10.

[0039] Furthermore, the battery cell 2 contains a negative terminal 15 and a positive terminal 16. The terminals 15, 16 serve for charging and discharging the battery cell 2. The terminals 15, 16 protrude from the housing 3.

[0040] The electrode assembly 10 contains an anode 11, a cathode 12 and a separator 18 that is arranged between the anode 11 and the cathode 12. Presently, the electrode assembly 10 is shaped as an electrode stack. That means the anode 11 and the cathode 12 of the electrode assembly 10 consist of several flat sheets that are stacked alternately to form a pile or a stack. The separator 18 also consists of several flat sheets that are stacked between the sheets of the anode 11 and the sheets of the cathode 12. Said sheets are separator foils 41 that are cut from separator foils 41 shaped like tapes.

[0041] The anode 11 contains an anode composite material 21 and an anode current collector 23. The anode composite material 21 and the anode current collector 23 are attached to one another. The anode current collector 23 is electrically conductive and is made of a metal, in particular of copper. The anode current collector 23 is electrically connected to the negative terminal 15 of the battery cell 2. The anode composite material 21 presently contains graphite as active material.

[0042] The cathode 12 contains a cathode composite material 22 and a cathode current collector 24. The cathode composite material 22 and the cathode current collector 24 are attached to one another. The cathode current collector 24 is electrically conductive and is made of a metal, in particular of aluminium. The cathode current collector 24 is electrically connected to the positive terminal 16 of the battery cell 2. The cathode composite material 22 presently contains lithiated metal oxide as active material.

[0043] FIG. 2 shows a schematic view at a linear polarized laser beam 80. The laser beam 80 is emitted by an ultrashort pulse laser 82 and hence consists of ultrashort pulses of light. The laser beam 80 propagates in a propagation direction z. A vertical direction x is oriented orthogonal to the propagation direction z. A horizontal direction y is orientated orthogonal to the propagation direction z and to the vertical direction x. Thus, the propagation direction z, the vertical direction x and the horizontal direction y are orientated orthogonal to one another.

[0044] The linear polarized laser beam 80 contains an electric field E that oscillates in a plane defined by the propagation direction z and the vertical direction x. The linear polarized laser beam 80 also contains a magnetic field B that oscillates in a plane defined by the propagation direction z and the horizontal direction y. Hence, the electric field E and the magnetic field B of the laser beam 80 are orientated orthogonal to one another.

[0045] FIG. 3 shows a schematic perspective view at the laser beam 80 cutting a separator foil 41. The separator foil 41 contains a polymer layer 45 and a ceramic layer 46 that is coated onto the polymer layer 45. The thickness of the separator foil 41 is about 12 micrometres (m) to 30 micrometres whereby the ceramic layer 46 has a thickness of about 1 m to 5 m. Thereby, the laser beam 80 is directed onto the separator foil 41 and is moved along the separator foil 41 in a cutting direction s.

[0046] The laser beam 80 is directed onto the polymer layer 45 of the separator foil 41. Thereat, the laser beam 80 cuts the polymer layer 45 and the ceramic layer 46. The propagation direction z in which the laser beam 80 propagates is oriented orthogonal to a surface of the separator foil 41. Hence, the laser beam 80 is oriented such that the propagation direction z is aligned orthogonal to the cutting direction s.

[0047] Furthermore, the laser beam 80 is also oriented such that the vertical direction x is aligned parallel to the cutting direction s. In particular, the laser beam 80 is oriented such that the propagation direction z, the vertical direction x and the cutting direction s are aligned within the same plane. The horizontal direction y is orientated orthogonal to said plane.

[0048] FIG. 4 shows a schematic view at a laser beam 80 penetrating a diffractive optical element 84. The diffractive optical element 84 is arranged between the ultrashort pulse laser 82 and the separator foil 41. The diffractive optical element 84 includes a focussing lens 86 and a diffractive pattern 88. Thereat, the focussing lens 86 is shaped convex on one side and planar on the other side. The diffractive pattern 88 is integrated into the focussing lens 86 but could also be set-up as a separate optical element with defined micro-structure arranged before a separately arranged focussing lens. The diffractive optical element 84 is arranged such that the laser beam 80 enters the convex side and exits the planar side. A distance between the diffractive optical element 84 and the separator foil 41 is named a working distance WD.

[0049] The propagation direction z of the laser beam 80 is orientated orthogonal to the planar side of the diffractive optical element 84. In the diffractive optical element 84, the laser beam 80 is diffracted. Thereat, a diameter of the laser beam 80 is shrinking. Hence, a first diameter D1 of the laser beam 80 on the surface of the separator foil 41 is smaller than a second diameter D2 of the laser beam 80 before entering the diffractive optical element 84, respectively before entering the focussing lens 86.

[0050] The first diameter D1 of the laser beam 80 on the surface of the separator foil 41 is presently about 3 to 5 times of a diffraction limited spot size D0 of the laser beam 80 itself. The diffraction limited spot size D0 is presently in a range of 10 micrometres to 50 micrometres. In particular, the first diameter D1 of the laser beam 80 on the surface of the separator foil 41 is about 30-250 micrometres.

[0051] The diffraction limited spot size D0 is a physical parameter defining the smallest spot size of the laser beam 80 that can be obtained. The diffraction limited spot size D0 depends on a wavelength of the laser beam 80, the second diameter D2 of the laser beam 80, the working distance WD and a constant factor M.sup.2 which is greater than 1. The diffraction limited spot size D0 can be calculated by the following formula:

D0=(4*WD**M.sup.2)/(*D2)

[0052] The diffractive optical element 84 serves for transforming an intensity J distribution of the laser beam 80. When emitted by the ultrashort pulse laser 82, the laser beam 80 has a Gaussian intensity J distribution. Said Gaussian distribution of the intensity J of the laser beam 80 depends on a radial distance r from a centre of the laser beam 80. A typical Gaussian intensity J distribution of the laser beam 80 is given in FIG. 4a.

[0053] FIG. 4a further shows a ceramic ablation threshold ATC. The ceramic layer 46 of the separator foil 41 is cut when the intensity J of the laser beam 80 is greater than the ceramic ablation threshold ATC. Hence, a gap is cut into the ceramic layer 46 with a ceramic gap diameter DC. FIG. 4a also shows a polymer ablation threshold ATP. The polymer layer 45 of the separator foil 41 is cut when the intensity J of the laser beam 80 is greater than the polymer ablation threshold ATP. Hence, a gap is cut into the polymer layer 45 by the laser beam 80 with a polymer gap diameter DP.

[0054] Within the diffractive optical element 84, the Gaussian intensity J distribution of the laser beam 80 is transformed into a top-hat intensity J distribution. A typical top-hat distribution of the intensity J of the laser beam 80 depending on the radial distance r from the centre of the laser beam 80 is given in FIG. 4b. Said top-hat intensity J distribution is an at least almost uniform intensity J distribution. In particular, the laser beam 80 has said almost uniform intensity J distribution when cutting the separator foil 41.

[0055] FIG. 4b also shows the ceramic ablation threshold ATC, the ceramic gap diameter DC, polymer ablation threshold ATP and the polymer gap diameter DP. The ablation thresholds ATC and ATP are material depending and therefor constant. However, the difference between the polymer gap diameter DP and the ceramic gap diameter DC is significantly smaller in FIG. 4b showing the almost uniform intensity J distribution.

[0056] FIG. 5a shows a separator foil 41 cut by a laser beam 80 with Gaussian intensity J distribution according to FIG. 4a and with a first diameter D1 of about 10 micrometres to 50 micrometres. The resulting polymer gap diameter DP can be about 50 to 60 micrometres which approximately corresponds to the diffraction limited spot size D0 of the laser beam 80. Thereat, in general possible wider polymer gap diameters DP and ceramic gap diameter DC resulting from heat accumulation effects due to high laser frequencies of up to 2 MHz are neglected.

[0057] The ceramic gap diameter DC is significantly smaller due to differences between the ceramic ablation threshold ATC and the polymer ablation threshold ATP. Hence, the difference between the polymer gap diameter DP and the ceramic gap diameter DC is significantly large.

[0058] FIG. 5b shows a separator foil 41 cut by a laser beam 80 with top-hat intensity J distribution according to FIG. 4b and with a first diameter D1 of about 10 micrometres to 50 micrometres. The resulting polymer gap diameter DP is about 30 micrometres to 250 micrometres which is approximately 3 to 5 times as large as the diffraction limited spot size D0 of the laser beam 80. Thereat, in general possible wider polymer gap diameters DP and ceramic gap diameter DC resulting from heat accumulation effects due to high laser frequencies of up to 2 MHz are neglected. Nevertheless, the ceramic gap diameter DC is only insignificantly smaller. Hence, the difference between the polymer gap diameter DP and the ceramic gap diameter DC is significantly small.

[0059] The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings and those encompassed by the attached claims. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.